Andrographis   paniculata August 15, 2010 at 7:02 pm · Filed under Class: Magnoliopsida, Family Acanthaceae,Order:

Lamiales, Superorder: Asteranae

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees

Recent Synonyms: None relevant.

Status: Exotic; Naturalised.

Growth Form or Habit: Herb.

Hougang; Cultivated; 2010.

Hougang; Cultivated; 2010.

OCIMUM SANCTUM (TULSI)

FAMILY :-LAMIACEAE

LOCAL NAME :-TULSI

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Lamiales

Family: Lamiaceae

Genus: Ocimum

NATURE:

It’s branched erect herb about 80cm high, and hairy all over.

LEAF :-leaves opposite, about 6cm long, margins entire.

hairy on upper as well as lower surface, dotted with minute glands.

FLOWER :- small, purplish or reddish , in small compact clusters on slender spikes.

FRUITS :-Fruits small. Seeds yellowish or reddish.

LOCATION :- Mostly this plant grows in houses,

gardens and most probably in temples and often found as escape.

MEDICINAL USES :-this plants seeds and leaves are medicinal.

From leaves oil obtained the property of that oil to destroying bacteria andinsects.

the liquid of the leaves useful in bronchitis, digestive complaints,

it is applied locally on ringworm and other skin disease an exotic

east African of this genus namely guarke. It has been cultivated in India inKashmir.

Utter Pradesh, west Bengal Mysur.

its seeds give internally, relive constipation and piles

Labels: TULSI | OCIMUM SANCTUM

Eurycoma longifoliaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, searchEurycoma longifolia

Scientific classificationKingdom: Plantae

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Sapindales

Family: Simaroubaceae

Genus: Eurycoma

Species: E. longifolia

Taxonomy( Kacip Fatimah)

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Domain: Eukaryota ( ) - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes

Kingdom: Plantae ( ) - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants

Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae ( ) - Cavalier-Smith, 1981

Phylum: Tracheophyta ( ) - Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants

Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ( )

Infraphylum: Radiatopses ( ) - Kenrick & Crane, 1997

Class: Magnoliopsida ( ) - Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons

Subclass: Dilleniidae ( ) - Takhtajan, 1967

Superorder: Primulanae ( ) - R. Dahlgren Ex Reveal, 1996

Order: Myrsinales ( ) - Bromhead, 1838

Family: Myrsinaceae ( ) - R. Brown, 1810 - Myrsine Family

Genus: Labisia ( )

Specific epithet: pumila - (Blume) Fern.-Vill.

pegaga(Hydrocotyle asiatica)

B. Sathy

1

, R. Uthaya Ganga

2

ABSTRACT

Centella asiatica is a profusely branched prostrate herb consisting of active principles such

as Vallarine, Asiaticoside, Sitosterol, Tannin, Oxy –asiaticoside. Asiaticoside is used in the

treatment of leprosy. Sitosterol and tannin possess antiprotozoal & spasmolytic property.

According to Siddha literature, its leaves are used in the treatment of syphilis, all types of fever,

children’s abdominal disorder, elephantiasis and hydrocele and these features are highlighted in

this article.

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES

CLASS : Dicotyledenae

SUB –CLASS : Polypetalae

SERIES : Calyciflorae

ORDER : Umbellales

FAMILY : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

GENUS : Centella

SPECIES :asiatica

SOME OF THE VERNACULAR NAMES

ENGLISH : Indian penny wort

TAMIL : Vallarai,Yoshanavalli,Chandaki,Pindeeri

SANSKRIT : Mandookaparni

HINDI : Brahmi

BENGALI : Tholkari

ARABI : Artniya –e- hindi

MALAYALAM : Kudakam

1

III B.S.M.S, Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, T.N. India. sathumaa_1985@yahoo.co.in

2

III B.S.M.S, Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, T.N. India. uthayaganga1987@yahoo.com HABITAT :

Centella, a genus of about 33 species of herbs inhabitating tropical & sub tropical

regions.The generic name has been derived from the Latin word “CENTUM = HUNDRED”

referring to profusely branched prostrate herb which is a native of Madagascar .It is commonly

found in rice fields along the bunds of irrigation channels.

HABIT:

Perennial herb

ROOT:

The plant consist of vertical root stalk

STEM:

Stem is prostrate slender, creeping with long stolens and nearly glabrous or hairy on

young parts.

LEAVES:

Leaves are cordate or hastate or orbicular or reniform or sub entire or palmately lobed

consisting of long petiole and small stipules.

Crowded leaves can be seen at nodes, consisting of very long stalks and sheathing leaf

bases Leaf blades are dentate, crenate with thick radiate veins and dark green in colour Leaves are

glabrous on both surfaces. FLOWERS:

Flowers are small, sessile and dark pink in colour. They arise as simple umbels of 3 – 6

flowers at the ends of slender peduncles arising from the axils of leaves and much shorter than

petioles supported below by an involucre of 2 –boat shaped membranous persistent bracts.

FRIUTS:

Clusted at joints. Carpels oblong, sub – cylindric curved and less in length much laterally

compressed, readily separating into 2 indehiscent halves (mericarps) united by a very narrow plane

of junction. Vittae are seen in the furrows of each mericarp.

The fruits when bruised have an aromatic odour, pungent, nauseous and bitter taste.

SEEDS:

Solitary in each mericarp, pendulous embryo, laterally compressed.

PHARMACOLOGICAL FEATURES:

Parts Used in Medicine : Whole plant

Taste : Acrid, Bitter, Sweet (Thuvarpu, Kaipu and Inippu)

Unmetabolized Pharmacologically

active ingredient: cool natured (Thatpa veeriyam)

Metabolized Pharmacologically

active ingredient: Sweet (Inippu) CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS :

Vallarine Asiaticoside Hydrocotylin Pectic Acids

Steroids Hersaponin Bacogenin Monnierin

Triterpene Tannin

ACTIONS OF ACTIVE PRINCIPLES :

1) VALLARINE :

A bitter principle which is present in the leaves and roots of this plant is an oily liquid of a

pale colour, soluble in alcohol, ether and caustic ammonia. It is believed that it’s active properties

reside in this principle.

2) ASIATICOSIDE :

Asiatoicoside has been shown to be active in the treatment of leprosy. It probably acts by

dissolving the waxy covering of bacillus leprae. The bacillus thus become fragile and may easily

be destroyed. . Leprosy nodules are broken down, diffuse infiltrations do disappear. Perforating

ulcers and lesions on the fingers heal and most remarkable of all, eye lesions are cured if treatment

is given before the posterior chamber of eye is involved. These improvements are seen in cases of

anaesthetic leprosy and it is not really evident in tubercular leprosy.

3) OXY – ASIATICOSIDE :

It is prepared by permanganate oxidation of asiaticoside. Along with asiaticoside it is

employed in the treatment of certain types of tuberculosis.

4) SITOSTEROL, TANNIN :

From the alcoholic extract of the herb, an essential oil green in colour possessing the strong

odour of herb which is known to have antiprotozoal and spasmolytic effect have been reported. CENTELLA ASIATICA –A PANACEA DRUG

Centella asiatica is an all healing drug of mighty potency and capable of rejuvenating the

system thus enabling to live for ages.

When centella taken as a panacea drug, it is said to have remarkable power in increasing

intelligence.

GENERAL ACTIONS:

Alterative Stimulant Refrigerant Soporific

Emmenagogue Nervine tonic Cardiac tonic Stomachic

Carminative Diuretic

Some practical applications of Centella asiatica.

1) For Syphilis :

When internally given, the leaves have a effect on syphilitic skin diseases and in secondary

and constitutional syphilis especially in those cases where subjacent cellular tissue are

principally affected.

2) As a memory tonic :

when the leaves are taken as a tonic, it increases memory power. It is also taken as

tablets for increasing intelligence quotient (I.Q.)

3) For Dysentry :

The root of Centella asiatica when given with milk and liquorice arrests dystentry.

4) For all types of fevers

The leaves of Centella asiatica, Ocimum sanctum and pepper are grinded and are

made into tablets and are taken twice a day. 5) For Children’s abdominal disorders:

The ghee of Centella asiatica and the decoction made out of fenugreek and Centella

asiatica leaves are reported to have a good effect.

6) For elephantiasis and hydrocele

Its leaves are grinded and are applied on particular area.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) The wealth of India - Vol II – Page No. 110

2) Siddha Materia Medica – Part I - Author : Murugesa Mudaliyar Page No.792

3) Medicinal Plants and Raw

Drugs of India - Authors: Purshotam kaushik &Anil

kumar dhiman

4) Indian Medicinal Plants - Author: Orient Longmann Page No.52

5) Handbook of Medicinal Plants - Author: Dr. P.N.V. Kurup Page No.61

6) Medicinal Plants - Authors: Robert Bentley and Henry Trimen

Page No :117

7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Author : E. John Jothi Prakash Page No.18.

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Home Nama Saintifik & Tempatan Perubatan Sumber Asli

Nama Saintifik & TempatanDi sini disenaraikan beberapa jenis herba yang menggunakan nama

tempatan mengikut senarai abjad. Nama tempatan disenaraikan bagi

memudahkan anda melihat dan mencari senarai herba dalam senarai

nama saintifik dan kegunaannya. Sememangnya sukar untuk mengingati

nama saintifik tersebut tetapi ianya sangat perlu bagi mengetahui spesis-

spesis tumbuhan tersebut supaya difahami oleh semua orang sama ada

tempatan atau antarabangsa.

A

Akar Som – Talinum paniculatum

Akar Seratus

Ati-ati Merah – Plectranthus scutellariodes

Aji Samad – Jackia ornata

Asam Jawa/Celagi – Tamarindus indica

Avacado – Persea americana

AraTanah / Gelang Susu, Keremak Susu – Euphorbia hirta

Ara Songsang

Akar Cerita

Akar Manis

Akar Sapuk Tunggul

Akar Tengkuk Biawak – Fagraea acuminatissima

Anggerik Kesumba

Ara Beringin – Ficus benjamina

Asam gelungur – Garcinia atrovirdis

Asam Paya

Ara Bumbong

Agav Sisal / Fukria – Agave sisalana

Alamanda Kuning – Allamanda cathartica

B

Bawang Mas / Tembaga Susu

Balik Angin/Tampin – Mallotus barbatus

Bangun-bangun – Plectranthus amboinicus

Bebaru / Baru-baru – Hibiscus tiliaceus

Belimbing hutan

Bakawali

Batang Wali

Belimbing Buluh – Averrhoa bilimbi

Belimbing Tanah/Tongkong – Oxalis barrelieri

Bemban – Donax grandis

Bebuta/Buta-Buta – Excoecaria agallocha

Beluntas Paya – Pluchea indica

Bayam Duri/Bayam Hutan – Amaranthus spinosus

Bayam Pasir/Keremak/Pudoh – Alternanthera sessilis

Bunga Kekwa

Bebuas

Batu Jin / Pecah Batu / Bayam Karang – Strobilanthes crispa

Bunga Kantan

Bunga Loceng

Bunga Melor – Jasminum sambac

Bunga Cina /Susun Kelah

Bunga Tanjung – Mimusops elengi

C

Capa/Sombung/Mambong – Blumea balsamifera

Cekor/Cekur Hijau/Cekur Jawa – Kaempferia galanga

Cekur Batik / Cekur Hutan – Kaempferia elegans

Cekur Manis Gajah/Perupong – Glyptopetalum quadrangulare

Cempaka Puteh – Michelia alba

Cempaka Kuning -Michelia champaca

Celaka Biru / C.Bunga

Cina Maki/Gelam Bukit/Serai Kayu Wangi – Leptospermum flavescens

Cekak Manis/Tarok Manis – Sauropus androgynus

Celaka Merah

Cendana

Cemara

Celaka Puteh/Celaka Bukit – Plumbago zeylanica

Cekur Buluh

Cengkih – Syzygium aromaticum

Ceremai

Cengkian/Cemkian/Jemekian – Croton tiglium

D

Delima – Punica granatum

Dokong Anak/Amin Buah – Phyllanthus urinaria

Durian Belanda/Durian Mekah/Nangka Belanda – Annona muricata

Daun Dewa / Dewa Raja /Sambung Nyawa – Gynura pseudochina

Daun Kesum – Persicaria coronarium

Depu Pelanduk – Wikstromia ridleyi

Daun Sehelai Setahun – Nervilia punctata

E

Ekor Anjing – Plantago major

Ekor Kucing – Acalypha hispida

Ego/Peniti/Jemuju/Ketumbar Jawa – Eryngium foetidum

Elek Besi / Itah Besi – Smilax myosofolio

Elek Tembaga / E.Dawai – Smilax calophylla

G

Gajah Beranak – Goniothalamus macrophyllus

Geli-geli – Lasia spinosa

Geli-geli hitam – Cyrtosperma lasioidies

Gelenggang Padang/Gelenggang Kasar – Senna alata

Gandarussa Hitam – Gandarussa valguris

Gandarrusa Puteh – Justicia gendarussa

Ganda Suli

Gelam Tikus

Gelenggang Daun Besar – Cassia alata

Gadum / Ara

Geraham Badak – Phyllochlamyswallehii

Galak Tua

Getang Guri

Ginseng Gunung

Gambir Laut/Gambir Paya – Uncaria lancea

Gelam/Kayu Putih – Melaleuca cajputi

Gajus/ Ketereh/Janggus – Anacardium occidentale

Ganda Rusa Hutan

H

Halia – Zingiber officinale

Halia Hutan /Rimba

Halia Bara

Hempedu Bumi /Pokok Cerita – Andrographis paniculata

Hujan Panas / Bela Puteh – Breynia racemosa

Hempedu Beruang/Seburut/Telinga Kalawar – Thottea grandiflora

Hanuman /Jelutah/Pokok bajang beranak – Schefflera simulans

Halban

Halia Kesing / Pepijat

Haji Samat/Setunjang Bumi – Prismatomeris tetrandra

I

Inai – Lawsonia inermis

Isi Raja Satong / Kepala Beruk

J

Jarum Tujuh Bilah – Pereskia grandifolia

Jerangau – Acorus calamus

Jarak – Ricinus communis

Jarak Merah / J.Belanda

Jeruju Puteh

Jarum Mas (Rumput) – Striga asiatica

Jering – Archidendrum jiringa

Jenjuang / Lenjung – Cordyline fruticosa

Jambu Batu – Psidium guava

Jintan puteh

Jeruju Hitam – Acanthus ebracteatus

Jintan Hitam – Nigella sativa

Janggut Adam – Tacca intergrifolia

Janggut Baung – Homalomena rostrata

Jarak cina

Jintan / Oregano – Origanum vulgare

Jejarum

Jeruju – Acanthus ilicifolius

K

Kekabu Hutan – Bombax valetonii

Kaduk/Sirih Dudoh/Bugu – Piper sarmentosum

Kaduk Hutan -Piper stylosum

Kapur Barus – Dryobalanops aromatica

Kacip Fatimah – Labisia Pumila

Kacang Telang – Clitorea ternatea

Ketumpang Air/Rangu-rangu – Piper pellucidum

Kulim – Scorodocarpus borneesi

Kemunting Cina – Catharanthus roseus

Kemangi Hitam

Kenerak – Ghoniothalamus umbrosus

Kemboja Puteh

Kemboja Cina – Plumeria rubra

Kerbau Amok – Schefflera ridleyi

Kayu Manis – Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Kunyit Hitam – Curcuma aeruginosa

Kunyit Emas/Temu Kuning – Curcuma zedoaria

Kunyit Puteh/Temu Putih – Didymocarpus crinita

Kunyit – Cucurma longa

Keladi Cantik – Alocasia denudata

Keladi Tikus – Typhonium flagelliforme

Keladi Hutan/Keladi Birah – Colocasia esculenta

Keladi Kemoyang – Homalomena sagittifolia

Keladi Sebaring – Alocasia macrorrhizos

Kecubong/Terong Pengar – Datura fastuosa

Kepala Sari / Akar Teriba

Kancing Baju / Jelita – Bidens pilosa

Kancing Baju Jantan/Rumput Teki/Rumput Serapat – Kyllinga brevifolia

Kecupu – Garcinia prainiana

Kucing Galak/Ceka Emas/Lis-Lis – Acalypha indica

Kemangi/Ruku/Selasih – Ocimum tenuiflorum

Kembang Semangkuk – Scaphium macropodumKelutut Puteh

Ketapang

Kiambang – Pistia stratiotes

Kemuning Putih – Murraya paniculata

Kenanga – Cananga odorata

Kedondong – Spondias pinnata

Katak Puru/Nam-nam – Cynometra cauliflora

Kerbau Duak

Kayu Kapur

Kayu Arang/Sangkak – Diospyros buxifolia

Kelapa Berok / Naga Stong – Hydnophytum formicarium

Keruing Mempelas – Dipterocarpus crinitus

Kekunyit/Akar Kuning – Fibraurea tinctoria

Keman Air/Keman Gajah/Kangkung Puteri – Neptunia oleracea

Kurma – Phoenix roebelinii

L

Lidah Jin/Sansiviria – Sanseviera trifasciata

Larak – Fissitigma latifolium

Lempoyang / Lempoyang Wangi – Zingiber aromaticum

Lempoyang Hitam/Bola Hitam – Zingiber ottensi

Lempoyang Anjing/Tepus Kecil – Zingiber puberulum

Lemba/Kepala Puyuh – Molineria latifolia

Lidah Buaya – Aloe Vera

Lengkuas – Alpinia galanga

Lengkuas ranting/Lengkuas Kecil – Alpinia conchigera

Lemuni Hitam/Leggundi – Vitex negundo

Lemuning/Legundi – Vitex trifolia

Lada Pahit – Brucea sumatrana

Lada Hitam – Piper nigrum

Lelipan

Larak Tepong

Larak Bengk

Limau nipis – Citrus aurantifolia

Limau Purut – Citrus hystrix

M

Mas Cotek – Ficus deltoidea

Mata Ayam – Ardisia crenata

Mambu/Pokok Nim – Melia indica

Misai Ali – Schizaea digitata

Misai Kucing/Ruku Hutan/Kumis Kucing – Orthosiphon aristatu

Mengkudu – Morinda citrifolia

Mengkudu Hutan/Mengkudu Jantan – Morinda elliptica

Mengkudu Gajah

Memali Duri – Leea aculeata

Memali – Leea indica

Mahagani

Mengkunyit – Coscinium blumeanum

Melada/Selada – Capparis micracantha

Medang Lansor – Elaeocarpus mastersii

Melinjau – Gnetum gnemon

Mentulang

Merbau

Mata Pelanduk

N

Nilam – Pogostemon cablin

Nyior Lemba

Naga Buana/Naga Jumat/KayuPutih – Phyllanthus pulcher

Naga Stong / Kepala Beruk – Hydnophytum formicarium

P

Patawali/Putarwali/Petawali/Batang Wali – Tinospora crispa

Payong Ali

Palas Tikus/Palas Rewang – Licuala triphylla

Pecah Periuk Kuning

Pecah Periuk Puteh

Pecah Periuk Biru / itam

Pegaga – Centella asiatica

Pegaga Embun – Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes

Pegaga Gajah

Petai Belalang/Ipil-ipil – Leucaena leucocephala

Panah Arjuna / Paku kikir – Tectaria crenata

Paku Gajah – Angiopteris evecta

Paku Tanduk Rusa

Paku Tunjuk Langit – Helminthostachys zeylanica

Paku Laut / Paku Haji – Cycas edentata

Paku Langsuyar – Platycerium coronarium

Penawar Hitam – Goniothalamus giganteus

Puding Emas – Codiaeum variegatum

Puah Pungah/Balai-balai – Aralidium pinnatifitidum

R

Raja Satong Sarang Semut

Rumput Sambau

Raja Berangkat/Cagau – Goniothalamus curtissi

Rempah Gunung

Rempah Padang

Rumput Buluh

Rumput Cina

Rumput Misai Adam – Themeda arguens

Rumput Jari Lipan – Limnophila aromatica

S

Sakat / Semun – Asplenium nidus

Senduduk/Cong Keradak – Dissochaeta gracilis

Senduduk/Kenduduk/Sekeduduk – Melastoma malabathricum

Senduduk (Puteh) – Melastoma sanguineum

Senduduk Baldu(Ungu Tua)

Sembuluh

Serapat

Susun Kelapa / Sisik kelah – Tabernaemontana divaricata

Susu Kambing

Setawar Kampung /Sedingin – Kalanchoe pinnata

Setawar Hutan / Setawar Bukit

Setawar Air – Costus speciosus

Sesudu – Euphorbia milli

Saidina Ali – Clerodendrom deflexum

Sedawai/Tampang Besi/Tembaga Suasa – Smilax calophylla

Sambung Nyawa – Gynura pseudochina

Serai wangi – Cymbopogon nardus

Sawi Rusa – Erechtites valerianifolia

Serapat Pandan/Siak-Siak Rimba/Sempit – Mapania cuspidata

Sekentut/Akar Bukit – Paederia foetida

Sekunyit – Coscinium fenestratum

Siantan Hutan/Menjarum – Ixora concinna

Siak-siak/Siak-siak Jantan/Meroyan Bungkus – Dianella ensifolia

Sirih Hutan/Sirih Tikus/Sirih Pacat – Piper caninum

Sirih Harimau/Kerakap Rimau – Piper porphyrophyllum

Susuh Ayam Hutan

Susuh harimau/Baka – Artabotrys suaveolens

Sanssiviria – Sansevieria trifasciata

Sri Kaya – Annona squamosa

Sungkai – Peronema canescens

Sundal Malam/Sumpa Bulan/Penggeli – Aglaoenama simplex

T

Tongkat Ali – Eurycoma longifolia Jac

Tongkat Ali Hitam – Polyalthia bullata

Tongkat Ali Mas/Gajah Tarik – Strychnos sp

Tengkok Biawak – Fagraea acuminatissima

Tebu Hitam – Saccharum officinarum

Teh Manis – Stevia Rebaudiana

Teh Hutan/Teh Kampung – Acalypha siamensis

Teja/Teja Lawang/Medang Teja – Cinnamomum iners

Tapak Kuda – Bauhinia purpurea

Tapak Gajah/Banal Hutan – Phyllagathis rotundfolia

Tutup Bumi/Bersih Hitam/Tapak Leman – Elephantopus scaber

Tarom Hutam – Didissandra frutescens

Terung Kemar/Mentimun Tikus/Akar Putih- Cyclea laxiflora

Terung Maranti

Terung Pipit/Terung Rembang – Solanum torvum

Terung Pipit Putih – Solanum indicum

Tepus Putih/Lengkuas Hutan/Lengkuas Angin – Alpinia javanica

Tepus Merah – Curcuma phaeocaulis

Tepus Tanah,/Tepai/Tepus Halia – Zingiber spectabile

Temu Pauh – Curcuma mangga

Temu Kunci – Boesenbergia rotunda

Temu Hitam/Kunyit Hitam – Curcuma aeruginosa

Temu Lawak – Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Temu Kuning/Kunyit Emas – Curcuma zedoaria

U

Ubi Gadung/Ubi arak/Taring Pelandok – Dioscorea hispida

Ubi Larut, Sagu Bemban Putih – Stachyphryniu griffithii

Ubi Seratus

Ubi Jaga/Dedawai Berisi – Smilax myosotiflora

Ulam Raja – Cosos caudatus

Pencarian Herba

 

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