nakthan hydroelectric project
Transcript of nakthan hydroelectric project
Draft Report - July, 2014
VOLUME-I
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR
NAKTHAN HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT (460MW)KULLU DISTRICT, HIMACHAL PRADESH
For
Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation limited, Shimla
By
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT DIVISIONDirectorate of Extension
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education(An Autonomous Body of Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change, GoI)
DEHRADUN - 248 006 (UTTARAKHAND) INDIAwww.icfre.gov.in
CONTENT EIA REPORT Page No.
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND 11.2 RIVER SYSTEM AND HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN HIMACHAL PRADESH 11.3 BEASRIVER AND HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT 31.4. NAKTHAN HEP (NHEP): AN OVERVIEW 41.4.1. Genesis and objective of the project 41.4.2. Need of the project 51.5 PROJECT PROPONENT - Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited 61.6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION 71.6.1. National Policies 81.6.2. National Guidelines 91.6.3. Environmental Framework of the State 91.6.4. State Environmental Policy 91.6.5. State Water Policy 101.6.6. State Forest Policy 101.6.7. State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB) 101.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STATUS OF THE PROJECT 111.7.1. Scope of the EIA study 121.7.2 Stages in an EIA study 121.8. OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT 13
CHAPTER-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION2.1. INTRODUCTION 152.2 LOCATION AND APPROACH 152.2.1. River Diversion Works 162.2.2. Intake Structure 162.2.3. Desilting Arrangement 212.2.4. Head Race Tunnel 212.2.5. Surge Shaft 222.2.6. Pressure Shaft Tunnels 222.2.7. Power House 222.2.8. Tailrace Tunnel 232.3 SALIENT FEATURES 262.4. JUSTIFCIATION OF VARIOUS PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 322.5. INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES 322.5.1 Project Roads and Bridge 322.5.2 Basic consideration for construction and material 322.5.3 Quality control of the construction material 332.5.4 Power requirement during construction 332.5.5 Water requirement 332.6 LAND REQUIREMENT 332.7 PRESENCE OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT MINERAL DEPOSIT 342.8 ARCHAEOLOGICAL/RELIGIOUS/HISTORICAL MONUMENTS 342.9 SENSITIVE AREAS 34
CHAPTER-3 METHODOLOGY3.1 INTRODUCTION 353.2 SCOPING MATRIX 353.3. DATA COLLECTION 373.3.1. Physico-Chemical Aspects 373.3.1.1. Geology 373.3.1.2. Hydrology 383.3.1.3. Seismo-tectonics 38
3.3.1.4.Land use pattern 383.3.1.5. Soil 383.3.2. Air, Noise And Water Environment Study 383.3.2.1. Air Quality Assessment 383.3.2.2. Noise Level Measurement 393.3.2.3. Water Quality Assessment 403.3.3. Ecological Parameters 423.3.3.1. Terrestrial Ecology 423.3.4. Socio-economic Aspects and Demography 443.4 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTION 453.5 IMPACT PREDICTION 463.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND COST ESTIMATES 46
CHAPTER-4 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT4.1 INTRODUCTION 484.2. CLIMATE 484.2.1. Meteorological Characteristics 484.2.1.1. Rainfall 484.2.1.2. Temperature 504.2.1.3. Relative Humidity 514.2.1.4. Wind Speed / Direction 514.3. TOPOGRAPHY 524.4. REGIONAL GEOLOGY 52
4.4.1. Rock 524.4.2. Bandal Gneissic complex 534.4.3. Vaikrita Group 534.4.4. Rampur Group 534.4.5. Kullu Group 544.4.6. Hanuman Tibba Grantituls 554.5. SOILS 554.5.1. Soil Unit Map of the Free Draining Catchment Area 554.5.2. Soil Characteristics (Physical And Chemical) 584.6. SLOPE 644.7. SEISMICITY OF THE AREA 644.8. LAND USE / LAND COVER 64
4.9. PRESENCE OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT MINERAL DEPOSIT 684.10. TOTAL LAND REQUIREMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT 684.11. ARCHAEOLOGICAL/RELIGIOUS/HISTORICAL MONUMENTS 684.12. SENSITIVE AREAS 684.13. WATER QUALITY 684.14 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 774.15. NOISE ENVIRONMENT 85
CHAPTER-5 HYDROLOGY5.1. INTRODUCTION 895.2. BASIN CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER PARBATI 895.3. BASIN CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE DRAINING CATCHMENT OF NAKTHAN HEP 915.3.1. Drainage Pattern 945.3.1.1. Gross Trellis 945.3.1.2. Gross Radial, Local Annular 945.3.1.3. Gross Sub-Parallel, Local Sub-Rectangular 945.4. HYDROLOGICAL DATA OF RIVER TOSH –PARBATI 945.4.1.Water Availability 965.5. WATER USE 995.5.1. Upstream Water Use 99
5.5.2. Downstream Water Use 99
CHAPTER-6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT6.1. GENERAL 1016.2. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 1016.2.1 Forest Types of the Study Area 1016.2.2. Flora of the Project Area 1026.2.3. Phytosociological Analysis 1036.2.3.9 Comparative assessment of diversity indices of vegetation composition 1096.2.4 Economically and Ethno-Botanically important species 1106.2.5 Agriculture 1116.2.6 Species requiring special attention for conservation 1116.3 FAUNAL DIVERSITY 1116.3.1 Terrestrial Fauna 1126.4 Aquatic Fauna 1156.5 STATUS OF MICROBIAL DIVERSITY (BACTERIA, FUNGI AND ACTINOMYCETES) 1206.5.1 Location/data collection 1206.5.2 Population Status of Soil Bacteria 1206.5.3. Population Status of Soil Actinomycetes 1216.5.4. Population Status of Soil Fungi 1216.5.5.Population Status of Macrofungi (mushrooms) 121
CHAPTER-7 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT7.1 INTRODUCTION 1237.1.1 Survey Methods 1237.2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH and KULLU DISTRICT 1247.3 BASELINE SURVEY 1247.3.1 Demographic satus of project affected village 1257.3.1.1 Livestock population 1257.3.2: Amenities and Infrastructure Resource Base in the Project Affected Villages 1257.3.2.1 Educational Institution 1257.3.2.2 Health care facilities 1267.3.2.3 Water and Electricity 1277.3.2.4 Transportation Communication and bank facilities 1277.3.2.5 Forest Dependence 1277.4 DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF PROJECT AFFECTED AREA 1287.4.1 Demographic structure of the house holds 1287.4.1.1 Village household wise educational status 1287.4.1.2 Village household wise land holding pattern 1297.4.1.3 Crop production of the household 1307.4.1.4 Income pattern of the household 1307.4.1.5 Expenditure of the household 1317.4.1.6 Household livestock population 1317.4.1.7 Immovable assets 1317.4.1.8 Fuel consumption value of the Household 1337.4.1.9 Estimate of fodder 1337.5. HOUSEHOLD DETAILS OF MOST PROJECT AFFECTED FAMILIES (MPAFs) UNDER
NAKTHAN HEP 134
7.5.1. Family Structure of Villages Tosh and Barshaini 1357.5.2. Household Income of Villages Tosh and Barshaini 1367.5.3. Information of Kaccha and Semi-pakka House of Village Tosh 1377.5.4. Moveable Household Assests 1377.5.5. Agriculture 1377.5.6. Crop production, Crop pattern Detail of MPAFs of village Tosh and Barshaini under Nakthan
HEP138
7.5.7. Land Holding Size 13.87.5.8. Orchard Details of Tosh & Barshaini Villages 138
7.5.9. Livestock Detail of MPAF of Village Tosh and Barshaini 1397.5.10. Expenditure on Food and other Articles Detail of MPAF of villages Tosh and Barshaini 139
7.5.11.Dependence on Common Property Resources (CPR) of village Tosh and Barshaini 1407.5.12. Utilization of Item 1417.6. SUMMARY OF SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECT OF PROJECT AFFECTED VILLAGES 141
CHAPTER-8 IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND EVALUTION OF IMPACTS8.1 GENERAL 1438.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ACTIVITIES 1438.2.1 Operation Phase Activities 1448.3 WATER QUALITY 1468.3.1. Construction phase 1468.3.2. Cohesive strength of soil 1478.3.3 Operation phase 1498.4. IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT 1508.4.1 . Construction phase 1508.5. IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT 1528.6. IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT 1538.6.1. Construction phase 1538.7. IMPACT ON TERRESTRIAL FLORA 157
8.7.1 Construction phase 1578.7.2 Operation phase 157
8.8. TERRESTRIAL FAUNA 1578.9. AQUATIC ECOLOGY 1578.10. IMPACT ON TERRESTRIAL MICROBES 1578.11. IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 1578.12. SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION 158
LIST OF TABLESPage No.
Table 1.1: The river system, its sources and drainage in Himachal Pradesh 2Table 1.2: Basin-Wise Hydropower Potential in Himachal Pradesh 3Table-1.3: Hydropower project installed and proposed in River Beas, Himachal Pradesh 3Table 1.4: Key Environmental Legislations pertaining to Environmental Impact Assessment 7Table 1.5: National Policies related to natural resources and environmental issues pertaining to
Environmental Impact Assessment8
Table 1.6 National Guidelines pertaining to Environmental Impact Assessment 9Table 1.7 TaEnvironmental Framework of State Government pertaining to Environmental Impact
Assessment9
Table 1.8: Status of the Regulatory Clearances 11Table 2.1: Salient Features of the Project 26Table 2.2: Ownership status of land to be acquired for Nakthan HEP 33Table 3.1: Scoping Matrix for EIA study for the proposed Nakthan HEP 35Table 3.2: Summary of the data collected from various sources 45Table 4.1: Month-wise Climatological Data for the Different Period at Different Site 49Table 4.2: Annual Average Rainfall Data observed at Different Location of District Kullu 49Table 4.3: Tosh Parbati Hydro Electric Project TemperatureData in 0C at Larji and Pulga 50Table 4.4: Geological Set up of the study area 52Table 4.5: Location of Soil Quality Monitoring Stations 59Table 4.6: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Pre-Monsoon) 61Table 4.7: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Monsoon) 62
Table 4.8: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Post-Monsoon) 63Table 4.9: Slope Class for Free Draining Catchment Area 64Table 4.10: Land Use Details of the Study Area 65Table 4.11: Ownership status of land to be acquired for Nakthan HEP 68Table 4.12: Location of Surface Water and Ground Water 69Table 4.13: Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Water Samples (Pre-Monsoon) 71Table 4.14: Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Water Samples (Monsoon) 73Table 4.15: Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Water Samples (Post-Monsoon) 75Table 4.16: Location of Ambient Air Quality Stations 78Table 4.17: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. RPM (Pre-Monsoon) 79Table 4.18: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. RPM (Monsoon) 79Table 4.19: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. RPM (Post-Monsoon) 80Table 4.20: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Suspended Particulate Matter (Pre-Monsoon) 80Table 4.21: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Suspended Particulate Matter (Monsoon) 81Table 4.22: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Suspended Particulate Matter (Post-Monsoon) 81Table 4.23: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Sulphur Dioxide (Pre- Monsoon) 82Table 4.24: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Sulphur Dioxide (Monsoon) 82Table 4.25: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Sulphur Dioxide (Post-Monsoon) 83Table 4.26: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Nitrogen Oxide (Pre-Monsoon) 83Table 4.27: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Nitrogen Oxide (Monsoon) 84Table 4.28: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Nitrogen Oxide (Post-Monsoon) 84Table 4.29: Location of noise quality monitoring station 85Table 4.30: Noise Level of the Study Area (Pre-Monsoon) 87Table 4.31: Noise Level of the Study Area (Monsoon) 87Table 4.32: Noise Level of the Study Area (Post-Monsoon) 88Table 5.1: Basin Characteristics of Different SWS in Free 91Table 5.2: Average 10 Daily Discharge (cumec) of River Tosh + Parbati at El 2964 97Table 5.3: Details showing Nallas joining with River Parbati & Tosh Nalla downstream of Barrages 99Table-6.1: Sampling points for the terrestrial flora and fauna in the study area of Nakthan HEP 102Table 6.2: Status of Plant Diversity at the Study Site of Nakhthan HEP 103Table 6.3: Dominant family of the study area 103Table 6.4: Dominant Genera of the study area 103Table 6.5 Comparative assessment of tree and shrub species Richness, Shannon-Weiner Index and
eveness of the vegetation in the study area Nakhthan HEP109
Table 6.6: Comparative assessment of herb species Richness, Shannon-Weiner Index and eveness of the herbaceous vegetation in the study area Nakhthan HEP.
110
Table 6.7: Species of conservation status recorded from the study area of Nakthan HEP 111Table-6.8: Sampling points for the terrestrial flora and fauna in the study area of Nakthan HEP 112Table 6.9: List of amphibians and reptiles recorded from the study area of Nakthan HEP 114Table 6.10: List of mammals observed from the study area of Nakthan HEP 115Table 6.11: Geomorphology of the Tosh River and Its streams in 116
Table 6.12: Geomorphology of the Parbati River and its streams in 117Table 6.13: Comparative assessment of aquatic microflora/funna during three seasons in the study area of
Nakthan HEP118
Table: 6.14: Sampling locations for the microflora 120Table 6.15: General microbial population at different sampling locations from the areas under Nakthan
HEP121
Table 6.16: Dominant microbial species recorded from areas under Nakthan HEP 122Table 6.17: Species of mushrooms recorded from selected sampling sites under different habitats 122Table 7.1: Demographic profile of Himachal Pradesh 124Table 7.2: Demographic profile of Kullu District 124Table 7.3: Village Wise Household Distribution 125Table 7.4:Panchayat and village wise livestock details in the study area of Nakthan HEP 125Table 7.5: Panchayat and village wise education institutions in the study area of Nakthan HEP 126
Table 7.6: Panchayat and village wise health facilities available in the study area of Nakthan HEP 126Table 7.7: Panchayat and village wise electricity and water availability in the study area of Nakthan HEP 127Table 7.8: Panchayat and village wise transport connectivity, post office and bank facilities inthe study
area of Nakthan HEP127
Table 7.9: Composition of household population from the household surveyed in the study area of Nakthan HEP
128
Table 7.10: Educational facilities and status of educated population from the household surveyed in the study area of Nakthan HEP
129
Table 7.11: Land holding pattern of the household surveyed in the study area of Nakthan HEP 129Table 7.12: Panchayat and village Crop production in the study area of Nakthan HEP 130Table 7.13: Income pattern of the household surveyed from the study area of Nakthan HEP 130Table 7.14: Household livestock holding pattern in the project affected village in the study area of
Nakthan HEP131
Table 7.15: House pattern of the household surveyed and its value in the study area of Nakthan HEP 132Table 7.16: Panchayat wise details of household assets value, farm machinery and fuel consumption value
under Nakthan HEP133
Table 7.17: Panchayat wise details of fodder from own land under Nakthan HEP 133Table 7.18: Panchayat-wise details of fodder from forest land under Nakthan HEP 133Table 7.19: Village-wise fodder detail from own land Nakthan HEP as per field survey 134Table 7.20: Village wise fodder detail from forestland under Nakthan HEP as per field survey 134Table 8.1: Matrix for various project activities and associated potential Environmental Impact on various
Environmental Parameters144
Table 8.2: Project Roads to the Different Work Sites 148Table 8.3: Noise level due to operation of various construction equipments 153Table 8.4: Increase in noise levels due to operation of various Construction equipment 154Table 8.5: Transmission loss for common construction materials 154Table 8.6: Maximum Exposure Periods Specified by OSHA 156Table 8.7: List of BIS Standards related to safety aspects during various stages of construction,
installation, erection of different components and appurtenance of river valley projects, including inspection, observation and maintenance aspects from safety consideration
159
LIST OF FIGURESPage No.
Figure 1.1: Map: Showing the river basin wise hydropower potential Directorate of Energy, Government of Himachal Pradesh, 2012
2
Figure 1.2: Map showing the location of Nakthan power house Tosh Nala diversion site and Parbati River 5Figure 1.3: Energy and Peak Load Demand for Himachal Pradesh 6Figure 2.1: Location map showing Nakthan HEP site in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh 17Figure 2.2: Vicinity Map of Nakthan HEP in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh 18Figure 2.3: The Satellite Image of the Layout of the Projec Nakthan HEP in Kullu District, Himachal
Pradesh19
Figure 2.4: General Layout of Nakthan HEP in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh 20Figure 2.5: Sectional Drawing of Tosh Nala 24Figure 2.6 : Sectional Drawing of Parbati River 25Figure 4.1 : Soil Unit map of the Free Draining Catchment Area 57Figure 4.2: Soil Sampling Stations 60Figure 4.3 : Seismic Zone Map of India 65Figure 4.4: Slope Map of the Free Draining Catchment Area 66Figure 4.5 : The Land Use Map of Study Area 67Figure 4.6: Water Sampling Locations in the Study Area 70Figure 4.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 78Figure 4.8: Noise Level Monitoring Stations 86Figure. 5.1: Showing the catchment area of of nakthan HEP and Parbati river 90
Figure 5.2: Satellite Imagery of Free Draining Catchment 92Figure 5.3: Watershed Boundary of Nakthan HEP Free Draining Catchment Area 93Figure 5.4: Drainage Map of Free Draining Catchment 95Figure 5.5: Pattern of Flows in a 90% Dependable & 50% Mean Year 96Figure 5.6: Pattern of Flows in a 50% Dependable & 50% Mean Year 96Figure 6.1: Over all butterfly diversity in the study area of Nakthan HEP 112Figure 6.2: Butterfly Shannan diversity during three seasons in the study area of Nakthan HEP 113Figure 6.3: Birds diversity in the study area of Nakthan HEP 114Figure 7.1a: Families Types of the village Tosh and Barshani 135Figure 7.1b: Social structure of the village Tosh and Barshani 135Figure 7.2: Family Structure of Village Tosh and Village Barshaini 136Figure 7.3: Household Income of Villages Tosh and Barshaini 136Figure 7.4: House Types in project affected villages Barshaini and Tosh 137Figure 7.5: Crop production of the surveyed families of the village Tosh and Barshaini 138Figure 7.6: livestock of surveyed families of Villages Tosh and Barshaini 139Figure 7.7: Food and Non Food expenditure of project affected families of Tosh and Barshaini villages 140Figure 7.8: Graphical representation of dependence on CPR of village Tosh 140Figure 7.9: Graphical representation of dependence on CPR of village Barshani 140
ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS
μg Micro-grams∆ Delta∂ SigmaAISLUS All India Soil and Land Use SurveyAIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeAL Agriculture LabourAG Appropriate GovernmentBOD Biological Oxygen DemandBPL Below Poverty Linecr CrorCAT Catchment Area Treatment CEC Central Electricity Commission DPR Detailed Project ReportdB DecibelDTM Digital Terrain ModelDMP Disaster Management PlanDDP Desert Development ProgrammeEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEMP Environmental Management PlanEl. ElevationEAG Emergency Action GroupETF Eco Task ForceFRL Full Reservoir LevelFIS Flow Irrigation SchemesFYM Farmyard ManureFCC False Colour CompositeGOI Government of IndiaGCP Ground Control PointGIS Geographical Information SystemHRT Head Race Tunnelha HectareH HerbH’ Species Diversity IndexH.E. Hydro-electricIUCN International Union for Conservation of NatureITI Industrial Training InstituteITDP Integrated tribal development projectIMD Indian metrological departmentIS Indian StandardsIVI Importance Value IndexKV Kilo-voltKm Kilo-meter
Kms Kilo-metersLADC Local area Development CommitteeLADF Local area development fundMPN Most Probable Numberm MeterMDDLL Minimum Draw-down Levelm3 Meter cubeMoEF Ministry of Environment and ForestsMPAF Main Project Affected FamilyMF Marginal FarmerNOx Nitrogen OxidesNGO Non-Government OrganizationNPV Net Present ValueNAL Non-agricultural LabourNTFP Non Timber Forest ProductPA Project authorityPAF Project Affected FamilyPAFs Project Affected FamiliesPAA Project Affected AreaPAV Project Affected VillagePAFRL Project Affected Family Rendered LandlessPAFRH Project Affected Family Rendered HouselessPAZ Project Affected ZonePHC Primary Health CentreRDS Respirable Dust SamplerRPM Respiratory Particulate MatterR&D Research and DevelopmentRTI Reproductory Tract InfectionRG Rain GaugeRoR Run-of-the-riverR&R Rehabilitation and ResettlementSPM Suspended Particulate MatterSOx Sulphur OxideSYL Sediment Yield IndexS ShrubSPV Special Purpose VehicleSES Socio-Economic StudySF Small FarmerTOR Term of ReferenceT TreeTB TuberculosisWSS Water Supply Scheme
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 1
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Geo-morphologically, India offers great sources of hydropower with well-defined
regions, which are topographically favorable for the run-off river hydro development.
India‟s installed capacity in the hydropower sector is presently estimated at around
36498 MW out of total installed capacity of 146753 MW. Only about 20% of the
economically feasible hydropower potential has been exploited. The economic
development in the country in recent times has resulted in widening of the gap between
the demand and the supply of power. The government planned in the past to the make
power available to all by 2012 with the increased total planned installed capacity to
about 210000 MW. For which, the Central Government along with State Governments
that have rich water resources have taken significant initiatives for development of power
projects involving both public and private sectors. Special emphasis has also been made
in the policy for development of hydropower potential of the country to keep a balanced
mix of thermal and hydropower generation.
Accordingly, the Government of Himachal Pradesh has awarded the work of
development of the Nakthan hydropower (460 MW) a run-off-river scheme for power
generation using water from Parbati River and Tosh Nalla in Kullu District to Himachal
Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL). This project is an immediate upstream
development of Parbati Stage-II HEP (800 MW).
1.2 RIVER SYSTEM AND HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL IN HIMACHAL
PRADESH
The drainage system of Himalaya is very complex and is composed both of rivers and
glaciers that contributes to nine major river systems, namely Beas (drains 25% of the
total geographic area of the state), Chenab (drains 14.2% of the total geographic area of
the state), Satluj (about 37% of total geographic area of state), Ravi (9.9%), Yamuna
(10.6%), Indus (2.6%), Markanda (0.6%), Ganga (0.6%) and Ghaggar (0.5%).
Himalayan River crisscrosses the entire mountain chain and numbers of rivers are older
than the mountain system. The rivers in Himachal form two rivers systems- Indus River
System that consists of Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum; and Ganga River System,
which include only the river Yamuna that flows through H.P (Table 1.1 & Figure 1.1).
Himachal Pradesh has identified about 23,000 MW of hydropower potential. Out of
which less than 7,000 MW has been developed. It has five perennial rivers of Indus
water system: Chenab, Yamuna, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas with significant potential for
hydro power development. The basin wise hydropower potential identified in the state is
given in Table 1.2.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 2
Table 1.1: The river system, its sources and drainage in Himachal Pradesh
Name of
River
Source Total Stream
length (km2)
Drainage
(km2)
Remarks
Indus River System
Jhelum
Northern of Pirpanjal,
Kash-mir
400 28, 490 Indian Sector Only
Ravi Born in Bara Banghal,
Kangra
725 5957 Indian Sector only
Chenab Greater Himalayan
Canton of Lahaul
1180 26,755 Indian sector only
Beas Beas Kund at Southern
face of Rohtang pass in
Greater Himalayas
(4062 m)
470 25, 900 Indian sector
Satluj Mansarvor group of
lakes in Tibet
Himalayas 4630 m
1050 24, 087 Indian sector
Ganga River System
Yamuna Yamunotri in Gharwal
hills and forms the
Eastern boundary with
Uttar Pradesh
1,300 359,000 Catchment area in
Himachal is 2320
km²
Figure 1.1: Map: Showing the river basin wise hydropower potential
(Source: Directorate of Energy, Government of Himachal Pradesh, 2012)
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 3
Table 1.2: Basin-Wise Hydropower Potential in Himachal Pradesh
Sl. No. Name of Basin Hydro Power Potential (MW)
1. Beas Basin 5339
2. Ravi Basin 2958
3. Sutlej Basin 10445
4. Yamuna Basin 811
5. Chenab Basin 3453
Total 23000
(Source: Directorate of Energy, HP)
1.3 BEAS RIVER AND HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT
The river Beas originates from southern slope of Rohtang pass (Beas Kund) at an
elevation of 4062 m (msl). The water of Beas and its tributaries remains shallow, rapid
cool and clear except during the rainy season. The bed comprises of mainly the boulders,
stones and rubble. The river receives a number of tributaries on both right and left banks
during its downward drift. Its principal tributaries are Solang, Manalsu, Sujjain, Fojal
and Sarvari on the right bank and Alain, Duhagan, Chhaki, Haripur Nallah, Parbati,
Tirthan and Sainj on the left bank. The vegetation along the banks consists mainly
species of the Alnus, Salix, Rrubenia and Conifers. The catchment of the Beas basin
upstream of Pandoh Dam is 5278 km2, of which about 780 km
2 is under permanent snow
and ice. Permanent snowfields and glaciers occupy the upper part of the basin. One of
the major tributaries that join the Beas River upstream of Pandoh Dam is the Parbati
River near Bhuntar; the Tirthan and Sainj rivers near Larji; the Sabari Nalla near Kulu;
and the Bakhli Khad near Pandoh Dam. Unlike other major rivers of Northern India, any
natural lake does not feed this river. The river passes through famous Kullu Valley.
Parbati River, Hurla Nalla and Sainj River are major tributaries of Beas River in Kullu
Valley.
Hydropower potential of Beas basin has been identified to be 4501 MW. Out of this Beas
Sutlej Link Project (990 MW) Pong Dam (360 MW) Uhl stage I (110 MW) Uhl stage II
(60 MW), Malana (86 MW), Baner (12 MW) and Gaj (10.5 MW) are the projects already
commissioned and are in operation. Few projects viz. Larji and Uhl Stage III and Khauli
are under construction. Table 1.3 gives an overview of hydropower projects installed and
proposed in river Beas.
Table 1.3: Hydropower project installed and proposed in river Beas,
Himachal Pradesh S. No. Name of the project Installed (MW)
capacity
Status
1 Pong Barrage 360 Under Operation
2 Beas Satluj Link 990 Under Operation
3 Larji 126 Under Operation
4 Malana-I 86 Under Operation
5 Uhl-I 110 Under Operation
6 Uhl-II 60 Under Operation
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 4
7 Binwa 06 Under Operation
8 Gaj 10.50 Under Operation
9 Baner 12 Under Operation
10 Allain Dhungan 192 Under Operation
11 Patikari 16 Under Operation
12 Mukerian 207 Under Operation
13 Khauli 12 Under Operation
Total 2187.50 Under Operation
14 Parbati-II 800 Under Execution
15 Parbati-III 520 In Operation
16 Malana-II 100 Under Execution
17 Sainj 100 Under Execution
18 Uhl-III 100 Under Execution
19 Fozal 09 Under Execution
20 Baragaon 11 Under Execution
21 Neogal 15 Under Execution
Total 1655
22 Dhaula Sidh 40 Under Investigation
23 Beri Nicheli 78 Under Investigation
24 Thana Plaun 191 Under Investigation
25 Khauli-II 07 Under Investigation
26 Baner-II 06 Under Investigation
27 Lambadug 25 Under Investigation
28 Kilhi Balh 7.50 Under Investigation
29 Nakthan 460 Under Investigation
Total 814.50
1.4 NAKTHAN HEP (NHEP): AN OVERVIEW
1.4.1 Genesis and objective of the project
The Nakthan Hydroelectric Project (NHEP) is located in Barshani Panchayat of district
Kullu, Himachal Pradesh. The proposed NHEP is a run-of-river scheme for power
generation using water from Parbati River and Tosh Nalla. Nakthan HEP is located in
Barshani panchyat, ±1.0 km upstream of confluence of Parbati river and Tosh nalla and
about 1.5 km from Dam (under-construction) of Parbati stage-II HEP (Under NHPC).
The river flows in the project site (3000 m - 2200 m) through the stable and rocky hills
of high gradient slopes of upper Himalayan hills.
The project will have two diversion sites with common surge shaft and an underground
powerhouse on the right bank of Parbati River at Guwachha with 4 units of 115 MW
each. The diversion barrage on river Parbati with 13.5 m high and 94.5 m long will be
located 15 km up-stream from village Barshani and the geographical location is at an
altitude ± 2963.5 m a.s.l, longitude 770
32'36.76" E and latitude 31059.24' 28" N Nihara
thach. While, on Tosh Nalla with 12 m high and 68.5 m long shall be 12 km up-stream of
village Tosh with geographical location of altitude ± 2965 m asl, longitude 77029' 73" E
and latitude 32003'08.10" N near Wanshil thach. The underground powerhouse is
proposed to be located on the right bank of the river Parbati at ± 2270 m asl upstream of
village Barshaini (Figure 1.2).
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Figure 1.2: Map showing the location of Nakthan power house Tosh Nalla diversion
site and Parbati River
Tosh nalla is a major tributary of river Parbati. It joins river Parbati near Guowachha.The
Parbati River joins Beas at Bhuntar, in Kullu district, which is located 52 km from the
proposed project i.e. proposed power house and about 35 km downward from Manikaran
Sahib, a famous Sikh and Hindu pilgrimage. The total land requied for the project is
90.07 ha, of which, 81.85 ha is forestland and 8.22 ha is private land. In addition, the
total cost of the project is estimated to be Rs 3495 crores.
1.4.2 Need of the project
Himachal Pradesh is currently one of the fastest growing states in India and has emerged
as a leading economy in the country and leader in the hill area development. The
economy of the state is highly dependent on three resources, hydroelectric power,
tourism and agriculture. Abundance of perennial rivers serves as an ideal destination for
investment in power and tourism sector. The state government has prepared a plan to
exploit 12,000 MW of power by the end of the 2015. The focus of the state on
hydropower development is not only to enhnace jobs to residents, but also to meet the
states and the country's goal in maximizing the clean, indigenous energy needs.
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Figure 1.3: Energy and Peak Load Demand for Himachal Pradesh
Period 1995 to 2010. (Source: CEA)
The demand scenario for the period 1995-2010 as projected by the CEA in the 15th
Electric Survey Report with respect to Himachal Pradesh is as depicted in Figure-1.3. It
can be observed that energy requirements have increased during the period 1991-2010
from 1487 GWh in 1990-91 to 10606 GWh in 2009- 2010, and the peak load demand
also increased from 325 MW to 2020 MW during the same span.
Thus, there is a dire need to provide additional capacity to the state to meet the
increasing demand of the energy. In addition, the new schemes have to be taken up
immediately and implemented to drive timely benefits for the local and regional
development. Because, the most important source of clean power development in the
Northern region lies in the Himalayan states such as Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand
for better utilization for sustainable management.
1.5 PROJECT PROPONENT - Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited
Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL) created in December 2006
under the Companies Act, 1956, with the objective to plan, promote and organize the
development of all aspects of hydroelectric power on behalf of Himachal Pradesh State
Government (Govt. of HP) and Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board (HPSEB) in
Himachal Pradesh. The Govt. of HP and HPSEB has 60% and 40% shareholding
respectively in HPPCL. The Pabber Valley Power Corporation (PVPC) and Kinner
Kailash Power Corporation (KKPC), earlier owned by HPSEB, have been merged with
HPPCL with the objective of developing new hydro projects in their respective river
basins. HPPCL is entrusted with a target of achieving 3000 MW power generating
capacity by March 2017 and; 5000 MW by the year 2022. Towards achieving this target,
HPPCL is engaged with development of several power projects in various parts of the
State with a total projected capacity of more than 1000 MW.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-20 2004-05 2009-10
Energy demand GWh Peak demand MW
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1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
Critical review of the existing legislation, institutions, Central and State policies relevant
to the Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out and clearance
requirements for the project at various stages of the project have been identified.
The emerging environmental scenario calls for requisite attention on conservation and
proper use of natural resources and development without destruction. The environmental
consideration in any development process has become a necessity for achieving
sustainable development. To achieve these goals, the Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Govt. of India, has enacted various acts, legislations, guidelines and standards
from time to time. The principal environmental regulatory agency in India is the Ministry
of Environment and Forests, New Delhi. MoEF formulates environmental policies and
accords environmental clearances for different projects. The important environmental
legislations in India is given in Table 1.4.
Table 1.4: Key Environmental Legislations pertaining to Environmental Impact
Assessment
Name of
Legislations
Scope and Objective Key Areas Operational
Agencies/Key
Player
Water (Prevention
and Control of
Pollution) Act,
1974, 1988
To provide for the
prevention and control of
water pollution and
enhancing the quality of
water
Control sewage and
industrial effluent
discharges
Central and State
Pollution Control
Boards
Air (Prevention
and Control of
Pollution) Act,
1981, 1987
To provide for the
prevention and control of
air pollution
Controls emission of air
pollutants
Central and State
Pollution Control
Board
Forest
(Conservation)
Act, 1980.
To consolidate acquisition
of common property such
as forest, halt India‟s rapid
deforestation and resulting
environmental degradation
Regulates access to
natural resources, state
has a monopoly right
over land, categories
forests, restriction on
de-reservation and
using forest for non
forest purpose
State Government
and Central
Government
Wildlife
(Protection) Act,
1972
To protect wildlife Create Protected Areas
(National parks,
Wildlife sanctuaries), of
wildlife which are
protected
Wildlife Advisory
Boards, Central
Zoo Authorities
Environment
(Protection) Act,
1986
To provide for the
protection and
improvement of
environment
An umbrella legislation,
supplements pollution
laws
Central government
nodal agency,
MoEF can delegate
to state departments
of environment
National Policy
on Resettlement
and
Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Plan for/of
project affected people
Social issues Central and State
Government
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Name of
Legislations
Scope and Objective Key Areas Operational
Agencies/Key
Player
Rehabilitation,
2007
Ancient
Monuments and
Archaeological
sites & Remains
Act, 1958
To protect ancient
monuments of national
heritage/importance
Conservation of
cultural and historical
remains found in India
Archaeological
Survey of India
Hazardous Wastes
(Management and
Handling) Rules,
1989
Health and safety Assessment of
hazardous materials and
management
Central and State
Pollution Control
Board
EIA Notification
14th Sep 2006 and
amendment 1st
Dec 2009
Environment Impact
Assessment
Environmental
Protection
Project
Development, State
and Central
Government
1.6.1 National Policies
There are certain national policies to address various issues relating to the exploitation of
natural resources and other environmental issues and the policy is given in Table 1.5.
Table 1.5: National Policies related to natural resources and environmental issues
pertaining to Environmental Impact Assessment
Sl. No. National Policies Objective
1. National Environment Policy,
2006
Sustainable development
2. National Water Policy, 2002 Conservation and management of water resources
3. Policy Statement on Abatement of
Pollution, 1992
National policy on the pollution control and prevention
4. National Conservation Strategy
and Policy Statement on
Environment and Development,
1992
Strategy for development taking environmental concerns in
to account in our development process
5. National Forest Policy, 1988 Conservation and management of forests, wildlife
sanctuaries etc.
6. National Resettlement and
Rehabilitation Policy (NRRP),
2007
All social issues relating to land acquisition resettlement
and rehabilitation
7. National River Conservation Plan
(NRCP), 2001
For the conservation management of issues relating to
rivers
8. National Lake Conservation Plan
(NLCP) 2001 & guidelines, 2008.
For the conservation management of issues relating to
lakes
9. Wildlife Conservation Strategy,
2002
For the conservation management of issues relating to
wildlife
10. National Wildlife Action Plan,
2002-2016)
Addresses the need of conserving the nation‟s biodiversity
and emphasizes requirements of evolving prescriptions for
management of multiple use areas which provide for
wildlife habitat and forest products
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1.6.2 National Guidelines
The relevant environmental national guidelines are given in Table 1.6.
Table 1.6: National Guidelines pertaining to Environmental Impact Assessment
Sl.
No.
Guidelines Objective
1. MoEF draft EIA manual for River Valley
Projects, 2010
To help project proponent and consultants
for EIA report preparation
2. General guidelines (MoEF) as provided by the
handbook of environment, 1994
For the investors
3. Environmental Impact Assessment manual,
1998
For the environmental appraisal
committee members and consultants
4. Guidelines for the collection of Net Present
Value (NPV) for the recovery / collection of
Net Present value of the forest land being
diverted for non-forestry purpose, 2003
For the forest land acquired under Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980
5. Model ToR for hydropower projects To help EAC members and consultant to
determine the specific ToR for the river
valley projects
1.6.3 Environmental Framework of the State
The specific laws and policies formulated by the state government for achieving certain
level of sustainability and are mentioned in Table 1.7.
Table 1.7: Environmental Framework of State Government pertaining to
Environmental Impact Assessment
Sl.
No.
Legislation / Policy Objective
1. Himachal Pradesh Power
Policy, 2006, 2009
To ensure the investments in generation,
transmission & distribution of hydropower and
to ensure a systemic and scientific development
of hydropower potential of the State.
2. State Environmental Policy,
2005
Sustainable development of the state
3. State Water Policy, 2003 To protect and conserve water resources
4. State Forest Policy, 1980 Protection and prevention of forest and wildlife
5. Himachal Pradesh Land
Preservation Act, 1978
Control on the private forests with ten years
felling cycle
6. The Himachal Pradesh minor
minerals (concession) revised
rules, 1971
Relating application for mining lease, its
procedures authorities and application forms
1.6.4 State Environmental Policy
The Himachal Pradesh is the first state to have its own State Environmental Policy that
came in to existence in 2005 prior to the National Environmental Policy 2006. The
Government of HP committed to conserve and enhance the environment through
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sustainable development. This cannot be achieved without a wholehearted cooperation of
all departments (that includes project proponent also), institutions, local bodies and the
people at large. The project proponent, therefore, need to plan and implement the hydro-
electric project in such a manner that incorporates all environmental safeguard measures,
national policies, rules, codes and regulations and above all international best practices
for environmental management for the implementation of Infrastructure projects.
1.6.5 State Water Policy
Both State and National water polices give highest priority for safe drinking water. Any
impact on these resources and on people has to be considered very seriously. Prior to
demolishing or destruction of such structures, the project will have to provide alternative
drinking water resources to the people. This new provision has to be monitored during
the construction period to verify its adequacy in terms of quantity, quality, and distance
from the dwelling units. Since some underground drinking water sources of the people
like Hand pumps, spring water sources may be affected by the construction activities,
this policy is directly relevant to the project.
1.6.6 State Forest Policy
The State Government has enunciated its own Forest Policy during 1980, within the
framework of National Forest Policy. This was to meet the peculiar forest situation in the
State. The policy guidelines contained are valid and cover almost all aspects of forestry
in the State. Since forest and related issues are one of the few most important issues of
the project implementation, Forest policy is directly relevant.
1.6.7 State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB)
The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) plays a major role in environmental
management at the State level, particularly with regard to air and water issues. This
agency is also acting as a facilitator for Central and State environmental clearance
process. The main functions are to-
Plan and execute state-level air and water initiatives;
Advise State Government on air, water and industry issues;
Establish emission standards based on National minimum standards;
Issue consent orders (permits) for industrial air and water discharges;
Issue “No Objection Certificates” for "industrial development".
Publish statistics and disseminate information; and
Take legal action against defaulters.
Facilitate the National Environmental clearance requirements at the state Level as
a nodal agency coordinating all other stakeholder institutions. These requirements
also include conducting of public hearing as per Paragraph -7, Stage-3 of MoEF
notification.
Action by the HP State PCB requires the submission of a
questionnaire/application pursuant to the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act of 1974, the Cess Act of 1977 and Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act of 1981.
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1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE STAUS OF THE PROJECT
As per MoEF notification dated 14th
September 2006, the Nakthan Hydro Electric
Project of 460 MW installed capacity falls under with category threshold limit “A”. In
consonance with the provision under section-6 of the MoEF notification, dated 14th
September 2006, the project proponent viz., HPPCL moved an application in the
prescribed Form-I duly filled along with a copy of the DPR of the project to the Expert
Appraisal Committee (EAC), MoEF, GoI. The first step required in the environment
clearance process is „Scoping‟ by which the EAC, MoEF, GoI directed for detailed and
comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) addressing all relevant environment concerns
for the preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report in respect of
the project for which prior environment clearance is sought.
To carry out the study and prepare comprehensive EIA covering three season‟s data,
HPPLC has awarded the study to Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
(ICFRE) vide letter No: HPPCL/DGM(Nakthan HEP)-1/10 dated 20/5/2010
(Annexture-1a). Accordingly, ICFRE conducted the study during 2010 to 2011 for three
seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon.). Further, HPPLC vide Agreement
no- HPPCL/Nakthan HEP/ 1 dated 01-05-2010 awarded the comprehensive EIA/SIA and
formulation of EMP to Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE),
Dehra Dun. Accordingly, ICFRE under took comprehensive study for all three season
during 2010 to 2012 involving various domain experts. The ToR was approved by MoEF
vide their letter F. No. –J-12011/31/2010-IA-I dated 26.08.2011. Later on extension of
validity of ToR as per OMs No. Z-11012/1/2013-IA-I(Part) dated 19.11.2013 and
12.12.2013, for further one year i.e. from 26.08.2013 to 25.08.2014 and communicated
vide MoEF letter number J-12011/31/2010-IA-I dated 4.03.2014. A copy of the TOR
approved by MoEF is enclosed as Annexure-Ib. Forest Clearance would be required
from Ministry of Environment, Government of India for various project components and
other infrastructure. The project proponent has approached the Ministry for forest
clearance.
The status of the regulatory clearances in respect of establishing / construction and
operating the proposed HEP is depicted in Table 1.8.
Table 1.8: Status of the Regulatory Clearances
Sl.
No.
Statutory Clearances Status
1. MoEF / EAC Clearance For seeking EC, the EIA/EMP report shall be
submitted to EAC, MoEF, GoI
2. NOC from State Pollution Control
Board
At later stage before commencement of
construction
3. Forest Clearance For first stage clearance, the project proponent
has to apply for FC.
4. Approval of Muck Disposal sites
from State Pollution Control Board
At later stage before commencement of
construction
5. Consent for establishing and
operation
At later stage before commencement of
construction
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1.7.1 Scope of the EIA study
The brief scope of EIA study includes:
Assessment of the existing status of physico-chemical, ecological and socio-
economic aspects of environment
Identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due to
activities envisaged during construction and operation phases of the proposed
hydroelectric project.
Prediction of significant impacts on various aspects of environment.
Delineation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining measures to
minimize adverse impacts during construction and operational phases of the
proposed project.
Formulation of Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) Plan.
Formulation of Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) Plan.
Estimation of cost for implementation of Environmental Management Plan, and
Environmental Monitoring Programme.
1.7.2 Stages in an EIA study
The purpose of this section is to enumerate the steps involved in an Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) study, which are described in the following paragraphs.
Scoping: An exhaustive list of all likely impacts drawing information from as many
sources as possible was prepared. The next step was to select a manageable number of
attributes, which were likely to be affected due the proposed project. The various criteria
applied for selection of the important impacts include Magnitude, Extent and
Significance.
Description of Environment: Before the start of the project, it is essential to ascertain
the baseline levels of appropriate environmental parameters, which could significantly
affected by the implementation of the project. The baseline status assessed as a part of
CEIA study involved both fieldwork and review of data collected from secondary
sources.
Prediction of Impacts: It is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental
conditions of the project area that is expected to occur due to the proposed construction
and operation of the hydroelectric project. An attempt has generally made to forecast
future environmental conditions quantitatively to the extent possible. But, for certain
parameters which cannot be quantified, general approach was to discuss such intangible
impacts in quantitative terms so that planners and decision-makers are aware of their
existence as well as their possible implications.
Environmental Management Plan: The approach for formulation of an Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) is to maximize the positive environmental impacts and
minimize the negative ones. The steps suggested include modifications of plans,
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engineering designs, construction schedules and techniques, as well as operational and
management practices. After selection of suitable environmental mitigation measures,
cost required for implementation of various management measures were also worked
out.
Environmental Monitoring Programme: An Environmental Monitoring Programme
for implementation during project construction and operation phases has been estimated
to oversee the environmental safeguards, to ascertain the agreement between prediction
and reality and to suggest remedial measures not foreseen during the planning stage but
arising during operation and to generate data for further use.
1.8 OUTLINE OF THE REPORT
The document for the Comprehensive EIA study for the proposed Nakthan HEP is
presented in two volumes. Volume-I presents the Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) study and Volume-II delineates the Environmental Management Plan. The present
document (Volume-I) outlines the findings of the EIA study for the proposed Nakthan
HEP. The contents of the document are organized as follows:
Chapter-1 This Chapter gives an overview of the need for the project. The policy, legal
and administrative framework for environmental clearance has been summarized alsong
with the objectives and need for EIA study.
Chapter-2 gives a brief description of the proposed Nakthan HEP.
Chapter-3 outlines the methodology adopted for conducting the Comprehensive EIA
study for the proposed Nakthan HEP.
Chapter-4 covers the environmental baseline conditions covering physical aspects of
environment. The baseline study involved both fieldwork and review of existing
documents, which is necessary for identification of data, which may already have been
collected for other purposes.
Chapter-5 covers the hydrological aspects of the proposed Nakthan HEP. The data were
mainly collected from the project proponent prepared for the proposed Nakthan HEP.
Chapter-6 presents the biological aspects of environment. The study is based on
collection of data from various secondary data sources. As a part of the Comprehensive
EIA study, detailed ecological survey was conducted for three seasons. The findings of
the survey were analysed and ecological characteristics of the study area have been
described in this Chapter.
Chapter-7 covers pre-project environmental baseline conditions covering
socioeconomic environment. The baseline study involved data collection using primary
as well as secondary sources of data and public consultation.
Chapter-8 describes the anticipated positive and negative impacts due to construction
and operation of the proposed Nakthan hydropower project.
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Volume II: Environmental Management Plan
Chapter-1: Outline of EMP
Chapter-2: Catchment Area Treatment Plan
Chapter-3: Muck Management Plan
Chapter-4: Compensatory Afforestation Plan
Chapter-5: Landscape and Querry Restoration Plan
Chapter-6: Solid Waste Management Plan
Chapter-7: Subsidized Fuel and Energy Conservation Plan
Chapter-8: Greenbelt Development Plan
Chapter-9: Bio-diversity Management Plan
Chapter-10: Fisheries Management Plan
Chapter-11: Rehabhalitation and Resettlement Plan
Chapter-12: Public Health Management Plan
Chapter-13: Environmental Management in Road Construction
Chapter-14: Environmental Monitoring Plan
Chapter-15: Disaster Management Plan
Chapter-16: Clean Development Mechanism Potential
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CHAPTER-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The project envisages to utilize water of Tosh nalla and Parbati river for harnessing
460MW Power in one underground power house located on left bank of Tosh nalla at
village Guwachha . Two number water gated diversion barrages,12 m high on Tosh nalla
(above the river bed level of El + 2965 m) and 13.5 m high on Parbati river (above the
river bed level of El + 2963.5 m) have been proposed to convey water through respective
water conductor system comprising of separate desanding chamber.Tunnels to a common
underground surge shaft located on right bank of Prabati river, near Dhrangdhar at El.
±2995m, then from one penstock to an underground power house located at 2900m
surface level on left bank of Tosh nalla to generate 460 MW of power potential (from 4
No. machines of 115.00 MW capacity each) by utilizing design discharge of 74.98
cumecs with 696.08 m of gross head.
Parbati river originates from the higher Himalayan zone at an elevation of approximately
4100m from the sacred site of Mantalai Lake. At an elevation of 6400m towards north-
east is the Dibibokri glacier and Dibibokri pyramid. Towards east side of the Manatalai
lake, Pin-Parbati Pass (5319m) is situated which further opens into Lahul & Spiti district
of H.P. The Parbati valley is thick forest, and Parbati river flows through deep gorges
and rocky hills and through inhabitiated area/ below Nakthan village towards Manikarn.
Manikaran Sahib is located at a distance of 15km downstream of Barshani village. The
proposed barrage on Parbati river is located upstream of Barshani village, 15 km
upstream of confluence of Parbati river and Tosh nalla. The river flows in the project site
(3000m- 2200m) through the stable and rocky hills of high gradient slopes of upper
Himalayan hills. The area is having sub-temperate to temperate type of climate. The
banks of the river are steep and rocky and thick forest cover is present on side slopes.
Several tributaries join the main Parbati River and numerous waterfalls cascade down the
steep valley sides. Places called Tund bhuj (3285m), Basuki Nalla tributary are located
upstream of proposed barrage/ diversion site (~3000m), whereas downward are
Kheerganga (2960), Rudarnag (Water fall resemble to a water snake, ~2500m) and Tosh
nalla (~2200m) confluence with Parbati river. Tosh nalla is a major tributary of river
Parbati. It joins river Parbati near Guwachha & Barshani villages.
2.2 LOCATION AND APPROACH
Nakthan Hydro-electric Project has been contemplated as Run-of-River scheme (barrage)
across the Parbati river and Tosh nalla, tributaries of Beas river. It envisages utilization
of gross head of 696.08 m for generation of 1605.07 MU (Av. energy) of power in 90%
dependable year. The project is located in Manikran valley of District Kullu, Himachal
Pradesh. The diversion barrage on river Parbati and Tosh Nalla shall be located upstream
of Barshani village, which is about 50 km from bifurcation on National Highway -21 at
Bhunter. The nearest rail head is Jogindernagar, which is about 148 km from the project
site. The Project Location and Vicinity Map are shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 16
respectively. The satellite image of the layout of the project is depicted in Figure 2.3.
General layout plan of the study area is shown in Figure 2.4.
The Parbati River joins Beas at Bhunter, in Kullu district, which is located 50 km from
the Barshani village and about 35 km downward from Manikaran Sahib, a famous Sikh
& Hindu pilgrimage. The cross-section of undersluice and weir portion of the diversion
structure is shown in Figure 2.5 and Figure 2.6 respectively.
2.2.1 River Diversion Works
For the construction of diversion barrages and its appurtenant works the river diversion is
proposed to be done by constructing closure dykes/bunds in half width of river so that
barrage concrete work in half width is completed in one working season, their closure
dyke/bund will be constructed to provide water free area on second half width of river
and water will be diverted through the concreted structure already done in first season.
A) On Tosh Nalla
It is proposed to construct a 12 m high gated barrage on river bed level 2965 m, FRL-
2975 m, MDDL-2970-M respectively. The RBL is kept 26 m below the boundary of
Kheerganga National park on Tosh Nalla. The water spread of the reservoir does not
involve any rehabilitation problem. For passing of design flood 4 gated bays of adequate
capacity shall be provided.
B) On Parbati River
It is proposed to construct a 13.5 m high gated barrage on river bed level 2963.5 m. The
full reservoir level and MDDL has been kept at 2975 m and 2970 m respectively. The
RBL is kept around 86 m below the boundary of Khirganga National Park on Parbati
River. Here also reservoir spread does not involve rehabilitation problem. Six gated bays
have also been provided to pass design flood.
2.2.2 Intake Structure
A) Tosh Nalla
One rectangular shaped intake tunnel of 3 m x 6 m is proposed on left bank of barrage to
draw 28.75 cumecs of water. It is bifurcating into two branches as approach tunnels of
size 4.3 m x 6.0 m to feed water into two Desanding chambers. Bell mouth intake of
rectangular shape with provision of emergency and service gate has been proposed
downstream to avoid cavitations in the tunnel.
B) On Parbati River
One rectangular shaped intake tunnel of size 6.1 mX6.0 m on right bank of barrage to
draw 46.23 Cumecs of water is proposed. It is bifurcating into four branches as approach
tunnels of size 4.3 m x 6.0 m to feed water to four Desanding chambers. Bell mouth
intake of rectangular shape with provision of emergency and service gate has been
proposed downstream to avoid cavitations in the tunnel.
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 17
Figure 2.1: Location map showing Nakthan HEP in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 18
Figure 2.2: Vicinity Map of Nakthan HEP in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh
Nakthan HEP 460 MW
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 19
Figure 2.3: The Satellite Image of the Layout of the Project Nakthan HEP
in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 20
Figure 2.4: General Layout of Nakthan HEP in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 21
2.2.3 Desilting Arrangement
A. On Tosh Nalla
An underground desilting arrangement has been proposed on the left bank of river to
exclude silt particles down to 0.20 mm size from the water before it enters the two
tunnels. The arrangement comprises one compartment consisting of one chamber 157.4
m long, 13.93 m high and 9 m wide. Grouted rock bolts, 6/7 m long and 2 m c/c
(staggered) shall be provided in the roof and sides of the chamber. The chamber shall
have a 2 m wide collection trench in the center and the hopper portion of the chamber
slopes towards this trench. While the base of the collection trench shall have a
longitudinal slope of 1 in 200 towards downstream, the top of chamber shall slope 1 in
600 upwards to downstream. The sediments from the collection trench will flow down to
the flushing tunnel below this trench, and ultimately flushed out to the river through
main flushing tunnel. Control gates will be provided on each silt flushing tunnels.
Provision has also been made for a 5 m D-shaped gate-cum-ventilation gallery for
operation of stop log gates to close desilting compartment for repairs. One adit near the
bottom of the main body of Chamber has been proposed to facilitate execution of
desilting chambers.
B. On Parbati River
An underground desilting arrangement has been proposed on the right bank of river to
exclude silt particles down to 0.20 mm size from the water before it enters the head race
tunnel. The arrangement comprises of two parallel compartments each consisting of two
chambers 194.21 m long, 15.58 m high and 9.3 m wide. Grouted rock bolts, 7/8 m long
and 2 m c/c (staggered) shall be provided in the roof and sides of the chambers. Each
chamber shall have a 2 m wide collection trench in the center and the hopper portion of
the chamber slopes towards this trench. While the base of the collection trench shall have
a longitudinal slope of 1 in 200 towards downstream, the top of chamber shall slope 1 in
600 upwards to downstream. The sediments from the collection trench will flow down to
the flushing tunnel below this trench, and ultimately flushed out to the river through
main flushing tunnel.
Control gates will be provided on each silt flushing tunnels. Provision has also been
made for a 5 m D-shaped gate-cum-ventilation gallery for operation of stop log gates to
close any of the two desilting compartments for repairs. Two adits, one at springing level
of the arch portion of the chambers in downstream and the other near the bottom of the
main body of Chamber at mid location have been proposed to facilitate speedy execution
of desilting chambers.
2.2.4 Head Race Tunnel
A) On Tosh Nalla
The head race tunnel, from the junction point at feeder tunnels from desilting chambers
to the main surge tank is 2.944 km. long and 3.40 m diameter and horse shoe shaped in
section. The tunnel size is based on techno-economic studies for a discharge of 28.75
Cumecs at a flow velocity of 3.15 m/sec. The adequate lateral and vertical rock cover on
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 22
the head race tunnel is available along the alignment. The head race tunnel shall be
concrete lined with sections fully supported/partially supported with steel ribs, besides
necessary rock bolting as required by geological considerations.
To facilitate construction of HRT one adit 270 m downstream to desanding chamber has
been proposed. Provision for ventilation-cum-gate gallery on HRT feeder tunnel
(downstream to desilting chamber) has also been made.
B) On Parbati River
The head race tunnel, from the junction point at feeder tunnels from desilting chambers
to the main surge tank is 7.54 km. long and 4.90 m diameter circular in shape. The tunnel
size is based on techno-economic studies for a discharge of 46.23 cumecs at a flow
velocity of 2.36 m/sec. The adequate lateral and vertical rock cover on the head race
tunnel is available along the alignment. The head race tunnel shall be concrete lined with
section fully supported/partially supported with steel ribs, besides necessary rock bolting
as required by geological considerations.
To facilitate construction of HRT one adit downstream to desanding chamber and
another near surge shaft bottom has been proposed. Provision for ventilation-cum-gate
gallery on HRT feeder tunnel (downstream to desilting chamber) has also been made.
2.2.5 Surge Shaft
The main underground surge tank with top dome, located at the end of both HRT will be
18 m diameter and 52.42 m high with a restricted orifice. To facilitate construction of top
dome and pothole, 7 m D-shape 400 m long adit is proposed to the top of surge shaft.
2.2.6 Pressure Shaft Tunnels
One penstock tunnel of 4.0 m finished diameter would take off from the surge tank
horizontal upto BVC then at an angle of approximately 450 to the horizontal up-to power
house. These would be lined with high tensile steel corresponding to ASTM-A-537
grade-II, varying in thickness from 12 mm near the penstock intake to 35 mm at the
power house end. Main penstocks will bifurcate near the power house to feed the four
generating units. From surge shaft upto bifurcation the total length of pressure shaft is
about + 1282 m. Length of pressure shaft after bifurcation upto D-line of power house is
100.34 m. A spherical valve has been provided in Butterfly Valve Chamber (BVC) and
approach to both HRT, one 7 m D-shaped 500 m long common adit has been proposed at
the bottom of Surge tank.
2.2.7 Power House
An underground power house of internal dimensions of 120.73 m x 20.50 m and 47.00 m
high would be located about 630 m below the natural surface level. The power house
will have an arched roof with concrete lining and shall house four generating units each
of 115.00 MW capacities. The transformer hall (123.00 m x 14.8.00 m x 26.00 m) is
located downstream of the power house cavern. The rock ledge of 40 m is provided
between these two caverns. Rock bolting at suitable spacing and steel ribs wherever
required as per geological requirement shall be provided in the crown of caverns.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 23
Overhead cranes of adequate capacity with crane girders resting on the columns of either
side will be provided in the main power house cavity. It is proposed to install cranes of
adequate capacities in the valve house, underground transformer, and switch yard & for
tail race branch tunnels.
The generator floor and the service bay floor would be at the same level. Provision has
also been made for auxiliary rooms and other service facilities at one end of the power
house. Utility tunnel connecting machine hall and transformer hall shall be provided to
facilitate construction and erection of electromechanical works of machine hall and
transformer hall caverns. To approach underground power house complex, main access
tunnel of 8 m D-shaped shall also be provided, to facilitate construction of arch portion
of both the caverns construction adits of 7 m D-shaped taking off from MAT shall also
be provided. The central line of unit at elevation 2277.25 m and invert of TRT
downstream to power house at EL 2262.00 m has been proposed.
2.2.8 Tail Race Tunnel
The rectangular tail race tunnel of size 8.5 mx6.0 m and 935.33 m long will be provided
to carry the discharge from three branch tail race tunnels emanating from the power
house. The outlet invert level of tail race tunnel is at 2262.00 m. The FRL of
downstream NHPC, Parbati HEP Stage –II (under construction) is 2197.00 m. The outlet
of TRT is much higher than the FRL of downstream reservoir. TRT length is only 935.33
m, therefore, no separate adit is proposed and it is proposed to excavate the tail race
tunnel from TRT outlet. During flash flood an emergency gate at TRT outlet has also
been proposed.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 24
Figure 2.5: Sectional Drawing of Tosh Nalla
Proposed barrage site at EL
2964 M
EL 2965 m
EL 2965 m
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 25
Figure 2.6: Sectional Drawing of Parbati River
Proposed barrage site at
EL 2964M
2964 m
Proposed barrage site at
EL 2963.5M
2963.5 m
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 26
2.3 SALIENT FEATURES
The salient features of the project are given in Table 2.1. The construction of the project
shall be undertaken contractually covering different packages. Excluding pre-
construction activities the main construction activities of the components shall be
completed within a time frame of four years.
Table 2.1: Salient Features of the Project
NAKTHAN HEP, 460 MW
Project Components Unit 460 MW (Combined Project)
Parbati Tosh
Country --- India
State --- Himachal Pradesh (HP)
District --- Kullu
Nearest Landmark
near Barrage Site
--- Nihara Thach Wanshil Thach
Latitude --- 31059
‟24.28” N 32
003
‟08.10” N
Longitude --- 77032
‟36.76” E 77
029
‟28.73” E
Latitude --- 32000
‟25.89” N
Longitude --- 77027
‟25.20” E
Nearest Rail Head --- Kiratpur Kiratpur
Nearest Highway --- NH-21
Distance from
Highway (Power
House)
--- 52 KM
Nearest Airport --- Bhunter (Kullu)
Name of River --- Parbati & Tosh
Catchment Area up to
Head works
km2 687.445 332.676
Average Annual Yield MCM 965.19 526.05
Maximum / Minimum
Yield
MCM 1507.30/651.74 785.76/306.94
Design Discharge for
Power House
m3/s 69.02
SPF m3/s 950 550
Atmospheric
Temperature (max)
0C 35 35
Atmospheric
Temperature (min)
0C -8 -8
Min Water
Temperature
0C 0 0
RESERVOIR
FRL m 2975.00 2975.00
MWL m 2976.50 2976.00
MDDL m 2970.00 2970.00
Live Storage MCM 0.0293 0.0085
DIVERSION ARRANGEMENT
Diversion Flood m3/s 350 150
Diversion on River --- Right Bank Left Bank
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 27
Bank
UPSTREAM COFFERDAM
Type --- Gravity (plum concrete) Gravity (plum
concrete)
Top of Dam Level m 2977.00 2977.00
River Bed Level m 2968.00 2972.00
Cutoff for Seepage m 6 6
Top Width m 5 5
Top Length m 40.56 45.4
Bottom Width at
River Bed
m 11 9.5
DOWNSTREAM COFFERDAM
Type --- Rockfill Rockfill
Top of Dam Level m 2968.00 2963.00
River Bed Level m 2963.50 2957.00
Cutoff for Seepage m -- --
Top Width m 3 3
Top Length m 52.87 50.20
Bottom Width at
River Bed
m 21.7 26.8
DIVERSION CHANNEL
Type -- Open Channel Open Channel
Size m 7.0 m (w) X 5.5 m (h) 3.5 m (w) X 3.5 m (h)
Shape -- Rectangular Rectangular
Length m 263.20 206.56
Lining Thickness m 0.8 m 0.5 m
Intake Level m 2970.00 2975.00
Outlet Level m 2968.00 2967.00
DIVERSION STRUCTURE
Type -- Barrage Barrage
Top of Barrage Level
(bridge deck)
m 2977.00 2977.00
River Bed Level m 2963.50 2965.00
U/S Cut off for
seepage
m 4.5 4
D/S Cut off for
seepage
m 12.3 8.8
Top Length m 94.5 68.5
SPILLWAY
Design Flood m3/s 900 550
Crest Level m 2964.00 2965.00
Crest Length m 43 40
Energy Dissipation
Arrangement Type
--- Stilling Basin Stilling Basin
Invert Level of
Stilling Basin
m 2962.20 2959.20
Spillway Radial Gate
Opening
w x h 6.5 m X 11.0 m 6.0 m X 10.0 m
Stoplog Gate Opening w x h 6.5 m X 12.5 m 6.0 m X 11.0 m
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 28
INTAKE STRUCTURE
Type --- Surface Surface
Number of Inlet 01 01
Top of Intake
Structure
m 2977.00 2977.00
Invert Level of the
Intake
m 2970.00 2970.00
Intake Bulkhead Gate
Opening
w x h 6.1 x 6.0 3.0 x 6.0
Length of Intake m 32.25 19.12
Opening of the Trash
Rack
No of bays,
w x h
4 Bays, 4.3 x 6.0 2 Bays, 4.3 x 6.0
No of Gates --- (1) Emergency Gate-
01 no
(2) Service Gate-01 no
(1) Emergency
Gate-01 no
(2) Service Gate-01
no
Flow Through
Velocity in Trash rack
m/sec 1.08 0.81
Trash rack
Arrangement
--- Yes Yes
Type of Cleaning --- Mechanical (TRCM) Mechanical (TRCM)
Angle with vertical O0 10
0 10
0
Top level of Trash
Rack
m 2977.00 2977.00
Particle Size Removal mm 0.20 0.20
No of Chambers No. 2 1
Width m 9.3 9.0
Length of U/S
Transition
m 20.75 18.00
Length of Horizontal
Portion
m 144.00 110.00
Length of D/S
Transition
m 29.46 29.40
Height of Hoppers m 3.88 3.76
Top Height of
Chambers
m 15.58 13.93
Height of the Dome m 2.0 2.0
U/S Inlet Gate
Opening
w x h 3.00M X 6.20 M 3.00M X 6.20 M
D/S Outlet Gate
Opening
w x h 3.20M X 3.20 M 3.00M X 3.00 M
Flushing Discharge m3/s 11.625 5.625
Size of Silt Flushing
Conduit
--- 3.00 M (D Shaped) 3.00 M (D Shaped)
Silt Flushing Conduit
Length
m 483.50 255.12
Silt Flushing Gate
Type
m Bonnet Type Fixed Wheel Type
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 29
Silt Flushing Gate
Opening
w x h 1.2m(w)x1.5m(h) 3.0m(w)x3.0m(h)
ADITS
Adit Plug --- Adit No 4 Adit No 2
Adit Plug Gate
Opening
w x h 2.5 m x 2.5 m 2.5 m x 2.5 m
HEAD RACE TUNNEL
Design Discharge of
each HRT
m3/s 46.23 28.75
Design Discharge of
combined Tunnel
m3/s 74.98
Shape of individual
HRT
--- Circulat (by TBM) Modified Horse Shoe
Shape of Combined
HRT
--- Modified Horse Shoe
Invert level of HRT m 2960.00 2963.00
Invert level of HRT at
confluence
--- 2951.00
Diameter of
individual HRT
m 4.9 3.4
Diameter of combined
HRT
m 5.5
Velocity in individual
HRT
m/s 2.36 3.15
Velocity in Combined
HRT
m/s 2.98
Lining Thickness in
individual HRT
m 0.3 0.3
Lining Thickness in
Combined HRT
m 0.3
Slope in HRT upto
Confluence
--- 1 in 816.17 1 in 243.95
Slope in HRT beyond
Confluence
--- 1 in 164.77
Length of individual
HRT
m 7345.57 2944.42
Length of Combined
HRT
m 2288.80
SURGE SHAFT
Type --- Restricted Orifice
Diameter m 18
Top Elevation m 2995.00
Orifice Diameter m 2.38
Max Surge Level m 2990.00
Min Surge Level m 2945.60
Bottommost level of
orifice
m 2942.58
Height m 52.42
Surge Shaft Gate w x h (in m) 4.75 x 5.90
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 30
Opening
PENSTOCK VALVE HOUSE
Type of Valve --- Butterfly
Size of Valve m 4.0
Centre Line EL of
Valve
m 2939.28
Capacity of EOT
crane
MT 60
Size of Valve House lxwxh (in m) 18.9x12.6x17.8
Type Underground
Number of Pressure
Shafts / Unit
Penstocks
No 01
Number of Unit
Penstocks
No 04
Discharge through
Pressure Shaft
m3/s 74.98
Diameter of Main
Pressure Shaft
m 4.0
Length of Pressure
Shaft (upto
bifurcation)
m 1282.40
Maximum Velocity m/s 5.50
Diameter of Unit
Pressure Shafts
m 2.0
Length of Pressure
Shaft (After
bifurcation upto D-
line of Power House)
m 100.34
POWER HOUSE
Type Main Power
House
--- Underground
Centre line of turbine m 2277.25
Installed capacity MW 460
Number of units No 4
Size of Power House
(m)
lxwxh 120.73 x 20.5 x 47.0
Size of Transformer
Cavern (m)
lxwxh 123.0 x 14.8 x 26.0
Rated Generator
Output
MW 102.5
Over Load Capacity
on rated output
% 10
Maximum Gross
Head
m 696.08
Head Loss for full
system all units
running
m 19.38
Rated Head m 676.70
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 31
Rated Discharge m3/sec 74.98
Type of Turbine -- Pelton
Average Energy MU 1633.33
Design Energy – in
90% dependable year
MU 1605.07
Plant load Factor in
90% dependable year
% 36.35
Secondary Energy
(total)
MU 382.64
EOT Crane Capacity
in Power House
Cavern
MT 200/30/5
EOT Crane Capacity
in Transformer
Cavern
MT 5
EOT Crane Capacity
in Penstock Valve
House
MT 60.0
TRT Gate Opening
(m)
w x h 6.0(m) x 5.0 (m)
TAIL RACE TUNNEL
TRT Size w x h 8.5 m x 6.0 m
TRT Shape --- D-Shaped
Length of TRT m 935.33
Lining Thickness mm 300
Slope of Tunnel -- 1 in 750
Elevation of TRT
Outfall
m 2262.00
POTHEAD YARD
Voltage kV 220
No of Bays no 2
Size of the Pothead
Yard
l x w 40.0 m x 30.0 m
DOWNSTREAM PROJECT (PARBATI II HEP; 4X200.0 MW)
FRL of D/S Project m 2197.00
Type of Structure Concrete Gravity Dam
COST ESTIMATE (in INR) at FSR level
Estimated Cost of
Civil Work crores 1384
Electrical Works (P-
production)
crores 1040
Transmission crores 100
Total cost of civil
and electric works at
PH Bus bars
crores 2524
Total Project Cost at Purchase centre
Interest during
construction @ 9.5%
crores 467
Escalation @ 5% per crores 504
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 32
annum during
construction period
Total Project Cost
including IDC and
escalation at
Purchase centre
crores 3495
Financial Aspects Total Project Cost
Annual working
expenses comprising
interest @ 9.5%
depreciation @3.5%,
O&[email protected]% and
general reserve/other
misc.expenses @ 1%,
Total 15.5%
crores 541.72
Energy generation in
90% dependable year
after losses 3%
MU 1938.23
Cost of Generation
per KWH
INR 2.79
Cost of Generation
per MW of I.C
crores 6.72
2.4 JUSTIFCIATION OF VARIOUS PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
Various aspects considered while selecting the scheme of Nakthan HEP are briefly
described in the following paragraphs
2.5 INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Adequate provision for residential and non-residential accommodations with necessary
amenities has been proposed.
2.5.1 Project Roads and Bridge
Transportation of heavy machines and equipments will be required for construction
purpose. Construction of new access roads and bridges, widening of existing roads and
improvement in grade of existing roads shall be undertaken before starting construction
of main project components. These roads would be connected through an extensive
network of project roads to various colonies, workshop, quarries etc. It is proposed to
construct 28.50 km length roads covering villages in Tosh and Nakthan. Approach road
of 2.50 km and five number bridges have been proposed under the project infrastructure.
2.5.2 Basic consideration for construction and material
Construction methodology and equipment planning has been carried out separately for
execution of all project components. The number of Machines/Equipment required for
construction of each component has to be worked out and their size and capacity has
been proposed to be monitored by the HPPCL. The Quarry sites identified for the project
is at Bami and Hurla which is ±58 Km from the proposed power house at Guwachha.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 33
2.5.3 Quality control of the construction material
The quality control over the works has been proposed to exercise by analyzing at reqular
intervals by taking samples of cement, cement concrete and cement mortar in the site
laboratory proposed to be set-up at appropriate site, equipped with proper concrete
testing equipments and proposed to be monitored by HPPCL, Sundernager. However,
the service of the laboratory has also been proposed to be utilized for designing of the
concrete mix. The quality of the muck to be generated from under-ground excavation of
the tunnels shall also be tested in HPPCL Naulakha laboratary before its use for
concereting work (if needed).
2.5.4 Power requirement during construction
Requirement of power during construction has been proposed to be met from the existing
transmission network in the area. Adequate provision for distribution & L.T. lines has
been proposed to be made for the project area and colonies.
In case of utilization of locally available power for construction power requirement for
the project estimated to 6 MW may be drawn from the local grid, by laying a distribution
line of appropriate voltage from nearby power station/sub-station. However, the power
supply from the grid may not be adequate and reliable and hence other reliable source of
power shall be required. In view of the above, it is proposed to provide adequate diesel
operated generating sets in strategic locations for providing construction power for the
project. The following arrangements have been considered to meet the construction
power as well as power for residential & non-residential establishment for the project.
The construction power requirement is expected to be about 1500 KW DG sets of
suitable capacities would be required to meet the requirement at different locations.
2.5.5 Water requirement
The water requirement during construction to be met from natural spring from rivers and
for drinking /housing etc the same sources after adequate treatment has been proposed.
2.6 LAND REQUIREMENT
The total land required for this project is 90.07 ha, out of which 81.85 ha is diverted
forest land and 8.22 ha is acquired private land. Two villages will be affected due to
acquisition of private land. The details of total land and the land breakup proposed to
utilized are given in Table 2.2. It is intimated that total forest land is 81.85 ha, out of
which 70.44 ha and 11.41 ha are required to be diverted to HPPCL from forest
department for proposed construction of open/ under ground components of the scheme.
The component wise break up of above forest and private land is shown in Annexure
2.a.
Table 2.2: Ownership status of land to be acquired/diverted for Nakthan HEP
S.No. Type of land Area (ha) Total land Area (ha)
1 Private land (to be aquired) 08.22
2 Forest land (to be diverted) 81.85
Above ground = 70.44
Undergorund = 11.41
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 34
Total 90.07
2.7 PRESENCE OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT MINERAL DEPOSIT
No major occurrence of economic mineral deposit are reported to found in the reservoir
area, except materials like boulder, shingle pebbles and sand, which used as construction
material.
2.8 ARCHAEOLOGICAL/RELIGIOUS/HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
No archaeological monument of national importance lies either in the project area or in
the submergence area. There is also no structure of national heritage in the area.
2.9 SENSITIVE AREAS
No notified eco-sensitive areas or Protected Areas under Wildlife (Protection) Act and no
defense establishment, archaeological monuments exist within the project area or within
10 km. distance from it.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 35
CHAPTER-3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) includes the study of three components of
environment i.e. physical, biological, and socioeconomic. The physical component
includes the sub components; soil, water, air, noise etc. The biological part include the
sub components; flora, fauna and aquatic life, whereas the socio-economic includes the
sociological, cultural, economic, educational, occupational and other aspects. Integration
of these parameters gives an overall assessment of positive and negative impacts due to
construction of a hydroelectric project. For overall prediction of impacts, 10km radius
from the exact project intervention was for all consequential project components viz.
barrage, powerhouse etc for conducting study in respect of attributes such as air, noise,
water, soil and aquatic environment of studies in respect of catchment area. The hill
slopes are covered with boulders and are mostly not suitable for cultivation. Rock
outcrops and exposures were frequently encountered on both the banks. The baseline
studies were collected for all three seasons such as pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons)
in all the study area.
3.2 SCOPING MATRIX
Scoping is a tool, which gives direction for selection of impacts due to the project
activities on the environment. As a part of the study, scoping exercise was conducted
selecting various types of impacts, which can accrue due to hydroelectric project. Based
on the project features, site conditions, various parameters to be covered as a part of the
EIA study were selected. The results of scoping analysis are presented in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Scoping Matrix for EIA study for the proposed Nakthan HEP
Aspects of Environment Likely Impacts
Land environment
Construction phase
Increase in soil erosion from various
construction and quarry sites
Pollution by construction spoils
Acquisition of land for labour camps/ colonies
Solid waste generated from labour
camps/colonies
Operation phase Acquisition of land for various project
appurtenances
Loss of agricultural and forest land due to
acquisition of land for various project
appurtenances
Water resources & water quality
Construction phase
Impact on water quality of receiving water body
due to disposal of runoff from construction sites
carrying high sediment level.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 36
Degradation of water quality due to disposal of
effluent from labour camps/colonies
Operation phase Modification of hydrologic regime due to
diversion of water for hydropower generation
Aquatic Ecology
Construction phase Increased pressure on riverine fisheries because
of indiscriminate fishing by the immigrant
labour population.
Reduced productivity due to increase in
turbidity levels as a result of disposed off
wastewater from construction sites and labour
camps/colonies.
Operation phase Impacts on spawning and breeding grounds in
the stretch downstream of dam site to tailrace
disposal site.
Degradation of riverine ecology impacts on
migratory fish species
Impact on aquatic ecology due to reduction in
flow downstream of the dam site upto tailrace
disposal site.
Terrestrial Ecology
Construction phase Increased pressure from labour to meet their
fuel wood requirements during project
construction phase
Adverse impacts on flora and fauna due to
increased accessibility in the area and increased
level of human interferences
Loss of forest due to intervention of various
project appurtenances
Operation phase Impacts on wildlife movement due to the
project
Impacts on wildlife habitats due to acquisition
of forest and other categories of land for various
project appurtenances.
Socio-Economic Aspects
Construction phase Increased employment potential during project
construction phase
Development of allied sectors leading to
greater employment
Pressure on existing infrastructure facilities.
Cultural conflicts and law and order issues due
to migration of labour population
Operation phase Acquisition of private land, home- Stead and
other private properties
Loss of community properties
Impacts on archaeological and cultural
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 37
monuments, if any
Impacts on mineral reserves, if any
Air Pollution
Construction Phase Impacts due to emission due to fuel
combustion from construction equipment.
Impacts due to emission as a result of increased
vehicular movement for transportation of men
and material during project construction phase
Fugitive emission from various sources
Impacts due to emissions from DG set
Noise Pollution
Construction Phase Noise due to operation of various construction
equipment
Noise due to increased vehicular movement
Impacts due to blasting
Increased noise levels due to operation of DG
set
Public Health
Construction Phase Increased incidence of water related diseases
Transmission of diseases by immigrant labour
population
Operation phase Increased incidence of vector borne
diseases
Based on the Scoping matrix, the environmental baseline data collected and the project
details will be superimposed to understand the beneficial and deleterious impacts due to
the construction and operation of the proposed Nakthan HEP.
3.3 DATA COLLECTION
3.3.1 Physico-Chemical Aspects
Primary surveys have been conducted for three seasons namely, pre-monsoon, monsoon
and winter. The data were collected for flora, fauna, forest types and ecological
parameters, geological and soil features. During these surveys data and information was
collected on physico-chemical, biological and socio-economic aspects of the study area.
In addition, detailed surveys and assessment studies have been made for understanding
bio-diversity in the study area.
3.3.1.1 Geology
The regional geology around the project area highlighting geology, stratigraphy, etc.
have been covered in the EIA Report, as per the available information in the Detailed
Project Report (DPR) of the project
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 38
3.3.1.2 Hydrology
Hydrological data for Parbati River and Tosh Nalla as available in the Detailed Project
Report collected and suitably incorporated in the Comprehensive EIA study report.
3.3.1.3 Seismo-tectonics
The regional seismo-tectonics around the project area highlighting seismicity and is
covered in the EIA Report, as per the available information in the Detailed Project
Report (DPR) of the project.
3.3.1.4 Land use pattern
Land use pattern of the study area as well as the catchment area was carried out using
standard methods of analysis of remotely sensed data and followed by ground truth
collection and interpretation of satellite data. For this purpose digital satellite data was
procured from National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad, IRS-P6 LISS-IV asd the
data were processed through ERDAS software package.
3.3.1.5 SOIL
Based on a 3-tier approach (Landform analysis, field survey and laboratory
investigation) soil resource map of study area has been prepared.
The results were superimposed with the soil map of Himachal Pradesh (Regional)
prepared by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning (NBSS and
LUP), Nagpur. NBSS Publication 57 (soil of India series) was followed.
The taxonomy of soils is used as per USDA system of soil classification.
The soil map as prepared was then brought into GIS environment and used along
with ERDAS Imagine Software as base map of further analysis.
3.3.2 AIR, NOISE AND WATER ENVIRONMENT STUDY
3.3.2.1 Air Quality Assessment
Sampling at each of the five stations was done and on its basis the baseline data of
ambient air environment was generated for the parameters mentioned below:
1. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
2. Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)
3. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
4. Nitrogen oxide (NOx)
In regard to the techniques for collection of sample of particulate matter, the “Respirable
Dust Sampler Envirotech Model APM 460 BL” was used for air monitoring. The dust
particulate matter was collected on filter paper (size GF/A20.3x25.4 cm) and dust cup
and the gaseous pollutants were collected simultaneously by a known volume of air
through a number of bubblers of different flow rate through appropriate solution for
absorbing different gases. The collected samples were analyzed according to standard
method for different pollutants.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 39
Theory of Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS)
The principle involved in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) sampling method is that
the particles filtered from known volume of an air sample by a suction apparatus are
deposited on a filter paper. Generally the gaseous pollutants in air are made to react with
liquid absorbing media at atmospheric temperature and pressure when air is bubbled
through the absorbing solution in the impinger. RD sampler measures only the
concentration of SPM and Gases in the ambient air.
Calculation
RSPM (µg/m3) = (weight of filter paper after sampling – initial weight of filter
paper)/volume of air.
SPM (µg/m3) = RSPM + (final weight of cyclonic cup – initial weight of cyclonic
cup)/volume of air.
For gaseous pollutants
SO2 (µg/m3) = (A – A0) x 1000 x B x D/ V
NOx (µg/m3) = (A – A0) x 1000 x B x D/ 0.82V
Where, A = Sample Absorbance,
A0 = Reagent blank Absorbance, and
B = Calibration factor (g/absorbance)
D = Volume of absorbance solution in impinger during monitoring/volume of absorbing
solution taken for analysis.
V = Volume of Air Sample in liters.
Sources
The major sources of air pollutants in the project area are vehicular traffic, blasting
(during road construction at present), dust arising from local and village road, forest fire
and domestic fuel burning.
3.3.2.2 Noise Level Measurement
The noise level was measured for six locations by using sound level meter RS 232
(digital instrument). It consists of the following major section:
(i)The Sensor or Microphone
The sensor is a high precision electrode condenser microphone, which must be protected
from physical abuse, dirt, oil, water or ingress of any other such substance.
(ii)The Control Panel
The control panel comprises of
Recorder for the maximum level of sound and minimum level of sound
Range selector
Auto and manual reset switches
Hold on max and min level
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 40
(iii)The Range Selector
These switches can be used for selecting the relevant range of the sound level. The
calibrated and charged sound level meter is adjusted for slow time response. The sound
level was measured at different sites and the maximum & minimum level of sound was
recorded for the particular site, and then average was calculated to arrive at the final
readings. Readings were taken in each division of north; south, east and west around
each source and at various distances and the maximum and the minimum for particular
hours were recorded.
Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn)
The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night
Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night
time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB(A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous
sound level before computing the 24 hr. average. This night time penalty is added to
account for the fact that the noise during night when people are usually sleep, is judged
as more annoying than the same noise during the daytime. The Ldn for a given location
in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq „s‟ by the following equation.
Ldn = 10log {1/24[16(10Ld/10
) + (10(Ln + 10)/10)}]
Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is
the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am). The noise levels have
been expressed as an equivalent noise level (Leq) which is the measurement duration of
sound pressure level as the averaging time. It is calculated as follows:
Leq = 10 Log10 [ n 1 ]
Li n10n/10
Where, Li = Instantaneous sound intensity level dB (A)
n = No. of observations
3.3.2.3 Water Quality Assessment
The baseline data for water quality assessment of samples taken at eight sites was done
for various characteristics of water covering the following aspects:
1.General survey of the Tosh and Parbati River upstream and downstream of proposed
barrage site and other streams joining up to the power house site.
2.Selection of spots for water sampling and collection of aquatic organisms.
3.Distribution and population density of macro-zoo benthos in the Parbati River.
4.Periodical monitoring of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of river
water.
5.Estimation of coliform (MPN) and E. coli organisms in river water.
6.Importance of water quality on existing aquatic fauna in Mountain Rivers.
Water Quality Analysis
Eight sites were selected for water sampling and collection of aquatic organism. The
selection of sites was done considering the location of different project components,
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 41
junction of streams and river course, spots of high water velocity and some of the
stagnated pools along with the areas having human interference. The sampling was
carried out for three seasons keeping the frequency of observation once in 30 days time.
The limnological parameters were recorded mainly following the standard methods
described by Welch (1948), CSIR (1974). Mackereth, et.al. (1978) and APHA, AWWA,
WPCF (1995) as following:
Parameters Instrumentation
Ambient temperature : Digi-thermometer (stainless steel
Sensor probe)
Transparency : Seehi disc method (Weleh 1948)
Water velocity : EMCON digi current meter
Turbidity : Nephelometer
Total Dissolved Solids : Titration method
pH : Digi pH meter (HANNA)
Alkalinity, Acidity, Chlorides,
Silicates, DO, Free CO2, Zn,
Si, Fe and Nutrients
(Phosphorus, Sulphates) : Aquamerck / Aquaquant kits
Total Ca and Mg
Hardness – EDTA : Titrimetric methods (Natrajan and
Jhingran 1988)
Inorganic phosphates : Colorimetric Methods
BOD : Titration
E-Coli and Total Coliform : Macconkey Broth
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 42
3.3.3 Ecological Parameters
3.3.3.1 Terrestrial Ecology
(a) Flora
Data on forest type, legal status and their extent in the catchment and study area were
collected from the forest department. The other relevant data on bio-diversity,
economically important species, medicinal plant, rare and endangered species were
collected from secondary sources such as published research paper and State Forest
Department Working Plan. In addition, field survey to conduct studies for baseline data
were also made using standard methods for which the sampling sites were selected based
on topography and floristic composition within the study area. The various aspects such
as density, frequency and abundance of species of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses were
assessed. Plants of economical species, medicinal use and endangered species were also
listed as a part of the study to assess the structure and function and the impact due to
proposed intervention.
Quantitative aspect of the terrestrial vegetation was studied by perambulating and
sampling through quadrat method. Sample plots were selected in such a way to get
maximum representation of different types of vegetation and plots were laid out in
different parts of the areas within the proposed project area.
Selection of sites for sampling of vegetation was made by random sampling procedure.
Accordingly, quadrats of 10 m x 10 m were laid out for studying the tree layer in the
barrge site and in the influence zones. Within sample plots, 3 m x 3 m quadrats were laid
randomly for sampling shrub layer and regeneration of tree species. To collect
information on ground layer and other herbaceous species, quadrats of 1 m x 1 m size
were laid within the tree quadrats. All species encountered during the transect walk were
recorded and their herbarium specimens were prepared for identification and future use.
The girth at breast height (gbh) of all individuals in each quadrat was measured for all
species of trees and woody climbers. All individuals with gbh 10 cm were considered
as trees (Parthasarathy and Karthikeyan, 1997). This concept was tested further during
the fieldwork. Individuals below 10 cm gbh were considered as saplings and shrubs.
Basal area of plants was measured following Philips (1959).
The primary data recorded on number of individuals in a species and girth was analyzed
for secondary attributes such as density and frequency following standard phyto-
sociological methods (Mishra, 1968). Relative values were calculated following Philips
(1959). Importance Value Index (IVI) was calculated by adding up the three relative
values such as relative frequency, relative density, and relative dominance (Curtis, 1959).
Formulae used for various calculations are:
Frequency = Total number of quadrats in which species occurred 100 /Total number
of quadrats studied
Density = Total number of individuals of species in all quadrats/Total number of
quadrats studied
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 43
Basal cover = The basal cover of each individual was calculated as, Average basal cover
= π r2 (cm. sq.), where, r (radius) = Average diameter/2. These average basal covers of
each species were multiplied by the respective density to obtain total basal area (TBA
cm2
m-2
).
Importance Value Index (IVI) = Relative Frequency + Relative Dominance+ Relative
Density
Whereas, relative values (expressed in %) of frequency, density and dominance were
calculated as
Relative Frequency= [Frequency of the species / Total frequency of all species] ×100
Relative Density= [Density of the species / Total density of all species] ×100
Relative Basal Area= [Basal area of the species / Total basal area of all species] ×100
Species diversity indices like Shannon-Wiener Index (H) and Simpson Index (Cd) were
calculated as per Magurran (1988) using following formulae:
Shannon- Wiener Index (H) = - pi ln pi
Simpson index (Cd) = pi2
Where, pi is the proportion of individuals of the ith
species; pi = Ni / N
Ni is the number of individuals in the ith
species and N is the total number of individuals
of all species in the stand.
(b) Terrestrial Fauna
Four linear transects of 2 km each were chosen along the barrage site, Influence Zone,
Power House Site, Diversion Site along both right and left bank parbati and Tosh nalla of
the project area. Each transect was trekked for 2 h to 3h for sampling animals using the
following methods:
For sampling butterflies, the standard „Pollard Walk‟ methodology was used by
recording all the species that were encountered while trekking along the foot trails,
during sunshine, daily.
For sampling birds „Point Sampling‟ along the fixed transect (foot trails) was
carried out to record all the species of birds observed from morning till dusk, with
the help of binoculars; field guides and photography, daily.
For sampling mammals, „Direct Count on Open Width (20m) Transect‟ was used
on the same transects. Besides, indirect evidence such as pellets/scats, pugmarks,
kills and information on recent sightings/records of mammals by the villagers and
locals were considered.
(c) Aquatic Ecology and Fisheries
Water samples from river Parbati and Tosh nalla were collected to study the density and
diversity of periphyton and phytoplanktons, species diversity index and primary
productivity etc. The field studies were made in all the seasons as listed in Table 3.8
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 44
Fishing was done at various sites in the project area both upstream and downstream of
the proposed barrage site to ascertain the dispersal pattern of fish species. Identification
of all the fish catch was done and an inventory of the fish species was prepared. Various
migratory species within the proposed project area were assessed. The secondary data
pertaining to fisheries in river Parbati and Tosh nalla was collected from Fisheries
Department and through literature review as well.
(d) Status of microbial diversity (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes)
(I) Estimation of microbial population from soil
Serial dilution and plating techniques as described by Parkinson et al. (1971) and Subba
Rao (1993) was used for estimation of microbial species (bacteria, fungi and
actinomycetes) from the soil samples of different locations. The different growth media
were used for culturing of microorganisms like Nutrient Agar (Bacteria), Potato
Dextrose Agar (Fungi) and Kenknight‟s Agar (actinomycetes).
For enumeration of bacteria and actinomycetes, one ml diluent each from 10-5
and 10-6
was transferred aseptically under laminar air flow using sterile pipettes into Petri dish
containing Nutrient agar and Kenknight‟s Agar respectively. The diluted sample was
uniformly distributed on the media by using spreader. The inoculated plates were
incubated at 30ºC for 2-3 days and colonies of microbes were counted and CFU/g
(Colony forming units/gm of soil) was calculated (Subba Rao, 1993). Similar procedures
were followed for the enumeration of fungi with the dilutions of 10-2
and 10-3
on Potato
Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. The plates were incubated at 25ºC for 3 days and CFU/g
was calculated.
(II) Survey and collection of the macro-fungal fruit bodies (mushrooms)
The fruit bodies of macro fungi growing under different habitat as saprophytic, symbiotic
or parasitic association were collected in paper bags. The field characteristics like shape
and size of the fruiting bodies were noted and photographs were taken in its natural
habitat. Microscopic characters such as size and shape of basidia, basidiospores, hypahe,
presence or absence of clamp connection were recorded in laboratory following standard
manuals for the taxonomic identification of the mushroom species.
3.3.4. Socio-economic Aspects and Demography
The demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the project affected people in the
project intervention area as well as in the study area were studied through primary as
well secondary sources information. Detailed socio-economic survey was conducted in
the project-affected villages. Collection of data was made at two levels - at village/ block
and individual household level within the project study area. The socioeconomic survey
at the village/ block level was aimed to assess the status and extent of amenities and
resources at villages/ blocks level. The household surveys were aimed to assess the
exsisting immovable and movable assets for evolving and formulating compensatory and
rehabilitation packages for families who would be rendered houseless, landless and
whose part of land would be acquired for various project activities. Based on the
assessment of demographic profile of Project Affected Families (PAFs), Resettlement
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 45
and Rehabilitation Plan using guidelines and norms as per National Policy on
Resettlement and Rehabilitation (2007,2013) and R&R Plan of HPPCL has been
formulated.
3.4 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTION
The summary of the data collected from various sources is outlined in Table 3.2
Table 3.2: Summary of the data collected from various sources
Aspect
monitored
Mode of
Data
collection
Parameters
Frequency Source
Meteorology Secondary Temperature,humidity,
rainfall
- India Meteorological
Department (IMD)
Water
Resources
Secondary Flow, Design hydrograph
and design flood
hydrograph
- Detailed Project Report
(DPR)
Water Quality Primary Physicochemical and
biological
parameters
Three
seasons
Field studies for
monsoon, post monsoon
and summer seasons by
two agencies
Ambient air
quality
Primary RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx Three
seasons
Noise Primary Hourly noise and
equivalent
noise level
Three
seasons
Land use Primary
and
secondary
Land use
pattern
- NRSA and Ground truth
Studies
Geology Secondary Geological
characteristics of the
study
area
Report (DPR )
Soils Primary Physicochemical
parameters
Three
seasons
Field studies for
monsoon, winter and
summer seasons by the
agencies
Terrestrial
Ecology
Primary
and
Secondary
Floral and faunal
diversity
Three
seasons
Field studies for
monsoon, winter and
summer seasons by the
agencies Secondary data
as
available with the Forest
and Wild life Department
Aquatic
Ecology
Primary
and
Secondary
Presence and abundance
of
Various species
Three
seasons
Field studies for
monsoon, winter and
summer seasons by two
agencies Secondary data
as
available with the
Fisheries
Department
Socioeconomic
aspects
Primary
and
secondary
Demographic and
socioeconomic, Public
health
Cultural aspects
Field studies for PAFs,
secondary data collection
from Revenue
Department and
Literature review.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 46
3.5 IMPACT PREDICTION
Prediction is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental conditions of the
project area that might be expected to occur because of implementation of the project.
An attempt was generally made to forecast future environmental conditions
quantitatively to the extent possible. But for certain parameters, which cannot be
quantified, general approach has been to discuss such intangible impacts in qualitative
terms so that planners and decision-makers are aware of their existence as well as their
possible implications. Impact of project activities were predicted using mathematical
models and overlay technique (super-imposition of activity on environmental parameter).
For intangible impacts qualitative assessment has been done. The environmental impacts
predicted are listed as below:
Loss of land.
Displacement of population due to acquisition of private and community
properties.
Impacts on hydrologic regime.
Impacts on water quality.
Increase in incidence of water-related diseases including water-borne and
vector-borne diseases.
Effect on riverine fisheries including migratory fish species.
Increase in air pollution and noise level during project construction phase
Impacts due to sewage generation from labour camps
Impacts due to acquisition of forest land
Impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecology due to increased human interferences
during project construction and operation phases
3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND COST ESTIMATES
Based on the environmental baseline conditions and project inputs, the adverse impacts
were identified and a set of measures have been suggested as a part of Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) for their amelioration. The management measures have been
suggested for the following aspects:
1. Outline of EMP
2. Catchment Area Treatment Plan
3. Muck Management Plan
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 47
4. Compensatory Afforestation Plan
5. Landscape and Querry Restoration Plan
6. Solid Waste Management Plan
7. Subsidized Fuel and Energy Conservation Plan
8. Greenbelt Development Plan
9. Bio-diversity Management Plan
10. Fisheries Management Plan
11. Rehabhalitation and Resettlement Plan
12. Public Health Management Plan
13. Environmental Management in Road Construction
14. Environmental Monitoring Plan
15. Disaster Management Plan
16. Clean Development Mechanism Potential
The expenditure required for implementation of these management measures has also
been estimated as a part of the EMP study.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 48
CHAPTER-4
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Catchment area of Tosh and Parbati River up to the proposed diversion site has been
assessed from available information and is computed to be about 1039 km2 including 894
Km2 snow covered area. The catchment is characterized by diversified climate zones.
The Catchment, therefore, has variable physiography, climate, geology, slope, soil types
and landuse/ landcover. While evaluating the land environment these parameters were
analyzed in detail and the environmental impacts were predicted accordingly. The land
environment of the study area was evaluated in the light of its climate, basin
characteristics, topography, slope, geology, seismicity, soil, sedimentation and
landuse/landcover, etc.
4.2 CLIMATE
The climate is sub-tropical interspersed between cold weather, hot weather and
southwest monsoon. The cold weather commences in November continues till the end of
February and is characterized by cloudless days and very cold nights with much fog and
dew. During monsoon period June to September the weather remains humid. The
principal determinants of weather and climate conditions in the region include.
1. Altitude and its physiographic complexity.
2. Direction of the ridges and location on windward and leeward sides.
3. Degree of slope and aspect.
4. Intensity of forest cover and
5. Proximity to water bodies and glaciers.
4.2.1 METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Once pollutants are discharged in the atmosphere, the meteorological factors play an
important role in their transport, dispersion and diffusion within the environment. Since
these factors show wide fluctuations with time, it is felt necessary and desirable, as part
of this EIA study, to collect meteorological data observed for the period of thirty years
(1961 -1990) and the IMD station, nearest to the project site, viz., Larji and Pulga. The
month wise climatological data for the different period at nearest IMD site Bhunter has
presented in Table 4.1.
4.2.1.1 Rainfall
The southwest monsoon sets in by the second half of the June and withdrawal takes place
in October, June to September months are main rainy months though it continues till
October. Cyclones and sudden storms may occur during May-June. In the post monsoon,
a few thunderstorms occur, especially in October. Thereafter, the weather clears up and
dry pleasant weather prevails throughout the valley. Precipitation occurs for some days
during December and January.
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 49
Rainfall is highly variable in the region due to its rugged topography and its geographical
position. The rainfall generally increases up to the valleys from southwest to northwest
and decreases beyond the highest range over the northern part of the region. The
percentage contribution of rainfall is less than the southern parts, perhaps due to
decreasing influence of the monsoon. After April, the rainfall gradually increases till
June and thereafter sharply during July and August. It decreases rapidly after the
withdrawal of southwest monsoon in September. Precipitation during pre-monsoon
months is mostly associated with thunderstorms and constitutes 11% of the annual
rainfall. Nearly 76% of the total rainfall is received during the five monsoon months
from June to October. Rainfall during winter months constitutes 13% of total rainfall.
The annual rainfall data for different period 1951 to 1973 observed at Pulga and Larji,
which is in close proximity to the project site presented in Table 4.2.
Table 4.1: Month-wise Climatological Data for the Different Period at Different Site
Name of
Month
Air Temperature
Average Relative Humidity
Mean
wind
Speed
Prevailing
Wind
Direction
Highest in
the month
Lowest in
the month
Average
(at 8:30)
Average
(at 17:30) Average
ºC ºC % % Kmph
January 20.3 -1.6 89 54 12.0 NW
February 22.9 -0.2 87 50 11.5 NW
March 27.8 2.6 80 47 9.5 N
April 32.6 5.8 71 40 13.5 N
May 36.0 8.6 63 37 14.0 N
June 36.8 12.2 65 42 15.0 S
July 34.9 15.6 81 60 14.0 SE
August 33.6 16.1 86 64 13.0 SE
September 32.9 11.5 80 56 14.0 SE
October 30.8 5.8 78 46 14.5 SE
November 26.3 1.1 83 44 12.5 SE
December 21.6 -1.4 88 53 9.5 NW
Table 4.2: Annual Average Rainfall Data observed at Different Location of District
Kullu Month Banjar
(1955-88)
Kullu-(1955-
80)
Najan
(1968-77)
Larji (May
1967-89
Pluga-
Gwachha
(1965-
77/(4/87-
12/90)
Kasoi
(1965-84
January 75.13 95.32 49.67 78.04 17.40 94.27
February 95.61 107.20 36.70 67.77 50.12 120.09
March 93.59 111.47 49.20 84.70 51.85 119.63
April 67.77 57.08 66.04 57.80 64.00 99.52
May 71.53 46.38 52.48 64.40 54.52 93.11
June 101.40 58.17 65.62 102.29 74.99 82.03
July 297.00 151.30 185.47 191.57 181.70 225.66
August 161.79 130.31 210.50 155.08 170.71 211.91
September 91.37 85.30 36.33 67.22 77.14 113.74
October 37.04 37.74 22.94 27.93 31.13 43.79
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 50
November 16.32 16.66 11.33 19.42 5.86 28.64
December 34.58 38.20 12.20 34.36 32.45 46.25
Month Dhara
(1965-84)
Sainj (1971-
83) (8/85-
2/90)
Nagar
(1968-79)
Manali
(1969-80)
(1987-88)
Niharni (6/85-
12/90)
Swankanda
Dhar (12/86-
2/90)
January 57.72 86.44 159.91 58.76 59.00 0.17
February 78.46 89.18 102.13 150.76 150.38 -
March 90.70 134.90 147.83 153.15 144.25 14.83
April 78.50 71.89 83.86 146.42 24.75 62.67
May 64.85 90.49 67.16 147.31 68.00 266.67
June 55.27 94.60 73.69 83.34 123.50 135.75
July 153.50 218.89 190.88 220.44 256.25 458.25
August 149.48 191.17 183.17 264.89 249.38 386.25
September 61.12 86.08 80.65 146.09 101.75 527.50
October 34.08 28.27 24.17 37.67 35.13 6.00
November 12.56 22.96 32.49 33.70 0.50 -
December 21.07 39.85 30.67 48.15 25.88 0.67
4.2.1.2. Temperature
The daily maximum temperature during April to June varies from 27oC to 35
oC and
shows moderate summer in the region. The highest temperature recorded is 350C in the
month of June and lowest -13°C during February month. The daily maximum
temperature during July to September varies and shows very little variation in
temperature during monsoon season Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Tosh Parbati Hydro Electric Project TemperatureData in 0C at Larji
and Pulga Year Month Larji Pulga
Max. Min. Max. Min.
1985 October - - 39 5
November 34 4 25 1
December 32 1 21 0
1986 January 32 (-)1 26 (-)2
February 32 2 27 (-)13
March 39 5 27 1
April 38 5 30 4
May 41 10 31 6
June 46 15 35 4
July 40 16 30 4
August 42 18 30 6
September 42 11 25 4
October 40 8 31 3
November 35 4 28 (-)4
December 32 4 22 (-)6
1987 January 30 4 22 0
February 30 5 27 0
March 34 6 20 (-)10
April 36 9 24 3
May 37 8 25 4
June 41 13 31 6
July 41 18 33 6
August 41 18 27 4
September 40 12 26 5
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 51
October 34 7 27 0
November 34 5 24 3
December 21 2 18 (-)9
1988 January 18 2 21 (-)6
February 24 3 27 (-)5
March 34 5 22 (-)12
April 36 10 27 5
May 40 13 30 5
June 40 15 31 7
July 40 17 30 8
August 40 17 30 8
September 38 13 27 8
October 38 10 27 4
November 26 5 26 3
December 20 3 15 (-)6
1989 January 20 (-)1 13 (-)7
February 19 3 10 (-)6.5
March 24 7 14 (-)6
April 32 8 - -
May 40 11 20 4
June 39 15 26 7
July 38 15 27 6
August 38 18 27 4
September 34 15 20 5
October 33 9 17 5
November 24 4 14 (-)7
December 18 1 14 (-)6
1990 January 21 1 13 (-)3
February 21 4 13 (-)6
March 25 4 13 (-)4
April 34 6 21 5
May 37 10 23 7
June 37 16 29 7
July 34 20 20 13.1
August 34 19 20 5
September 33 16 19 5
October 29 8 20 6
November 23 3 19 5
December 20 (-)1 16 (-)10
4.2.1.3 Relative Humidity
The relative humidity of the area varies from 37 to 80%. The month of May is
considered to be having the lowest humidity whereas the maximum humidity is observed
during the month of August.
4.2.1.4 Wind Speed / Direction
Winds are generally moderate throughout the year and lies in the range of 1-19 km/hr
during the year. However, strong wind has also been observed for short duration during
September. The pre-dominant wind direction during May-June is from Southeast and
South. Wind speed during monsoon varies from 1.1 to 1.5 km/hr. The pre-dominant wind
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 52
direction during this season is Southwest, Southeast and South. The pre-dominant wind
direction during post monsoon season is from SE and S.
4.3 TOPOGRAPHY
The study area lies in the heart land of Parbati Valley which is the region formed by the
vast tract of land between the foothills included in the Parbati hills region. These lie to
the East of Kullu district. The hilltops are laden with glacial snow and ice, which melts
and descends down the slopes. There are various streams formed out of this melting of
ice. These finally drain into the Tosh and Parbati. The Parbati Valley also serves as a
region to flow for several other streams like the Dibi ka Nalla, Bakar blhar, Tonang
Khald and Bard Dwawal Thach. They pour here and wash into the Parbati Valley.
4.4 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The Kullu District forms a transitional zone between the Lesser and Greater Himalayas
and is characterized by high NW-SE trending ridges and deep river valleys, a number of
which in their upper reaches bear imprints of glacial activity of the near past. The
altitudes vary from 950 m to 6000 m. The area in general represents young, immature
topography, controlled both by the structure and lithology of the underlying rocks. The
weathering resistant rocks, like the dolomite of the Aut Formation and Quartzite of the
Manikaran Formation, form cliffs and escarpments, while the slate, phyllite and schist of
different formations form gentle to moderately steep slopes. The roughly NS course of
the Baas river between Kullu and Aut is controlled by a fault.
The Parbati and Hurla rivers forming tributaries to the Beas River are the major rivers
draining the area. These have cut, deep, narrow valleys across the general strike of rocks
and as such as possibly antecedent. The rivers together with their tributaries, define a
sub-dendrite to sub-trellis drainage pattern. The ridges separating the Kullu and Kangra
districts, acts as water divide between Beas river in the east and Ravi river on the west.
4.4.1 Rock
The rock type found in the district is classified into various formations which can be
summarized as shown in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4: Geological Set up of the study area
Group Formation Lithology
Hanuman
tibba
Graniloids
Granite gneiss muscovite/biotite granite,
occasional Porphyritic
Lower
Kararigali Carbonaceous slate Phyllite, quartzite,
subordinate limestone
Late
Proterozoic
Manjir Pebbly slate, gritty quartzite phyllite
Larji Aut Grey Stromatolitic/cherty dolomite, Pink
and grey limestone
Middle to date
Proterozoic
Hurla White grey quartzite, shale
Naraul Slate, phyllite, siltstone, Quartzite and
basic flows.
Middle
Proterozoic
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 53
Kullu Khokhan Schist phyllite, quartzite Middle
Proterozoic
Gahr Streaky-banded gneiss, auger gneiss,
quartzite
Khamrada Carbonaceous phyllite, schist, Quartzite,
grey phyllite, Subordinate limestone
Rampur Manikaran White, greenish white, scricitic quartzite Late Achaean
Proterozoic
Green Bed Schistose basic Volcanics, green phyllite
Bhallan Phyllite, slate, quartzite, Few basic flows
Vaikrita B-
formation
Quartzite, phyllite, slate, schist, thin
bands of gneiss, hornblende garben
schierer
Late Achaean
to Early
Proterozoic
A-
formation
Gneiss, schist, phyllite, quartzite,
Magmatite and pegmatite
Bandal
Gneissic
Complex
Gneiss, biotic/muscovite granite
magmatite schist phyllite, quartzite
4.4.2 Bandal Gneissic complex
Bandal gneissic complex with its RB-Stage of 2700 M rest oldest stratigraphic unit of the
area and occur in the eastern part of the area overlain by the quartzite (Rampur group). It
comprises of porphyro blastic gneiss, granitic, streaky banded gneiss. Foliated biotite-
muscovite granite and magmatite.
4.4.3 Vaikrita Group
The Vaikrita Group represents the second oldest stratigraphic unit of the area and is
divisible in two formations viz.: Formation-A and Formation –B.
A. Formation-A
The lowermost Formation-A of this group is represented by interbands Sequence of
porphyroblastic/augen gneiss, granitic gneiss, magmatite, kyanite gneiss garnetiferrous
biotite schist, kyanite-staurolite schist.
B. Formation-B
It comprises interstratified sequence of grey, medium to thick bedded, fine grained
micaceous schistose quartzite, garnet-quartz- biotite schist, and thin bands of
porphyroblastic/streaky gneiss, occasional thin bands of hornblende garden schiefer are
also present.
4.4.4 Rampur Group
The vast area of southeast Kullu is covered by the rocks of Rampur Group. On the basis
of Lithology, the Rampur Group has been divided into three formation viz. Bhallan,
Green Bed and Manikaran formation.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 54
A. Bhallan Formation: The basal most Bhallan formation of the Rampur Group
consists of massive, white quartzite, grey/green phyllite, schist, white to grey thin,
even parallel bedded fine grained quartzite and subordinate light to dark slate.
B. Green Bed Formation: It comprises dark green schistose, basic flows interstratified
with subordinate quartzite and phyllite.
C. Manikaran Formation: The Manikaran Formation constitute the youngest
stratigraphic unit of the Rampur Group and is represented by white, greenish white,
thin to medium, even parallel bedded, fine grained schistose quartzite with stringers
and pockets of fuchsite and a few thin basic volcanic rocks. The volcanic inter-
stratified with the Manikaran Formation according to Nd-Sm isochronage are 2500
Ma old.
4.4.5 Kullu Group
Lithologically, the kullu Group has been divided into three formations viz-Khamrada,
Gahr and Khokhan Formations.
A. Khamrada Formation: It comprises carbonaceous phyllite, fine grained
schistose quartzite and grey thin bedded platy limestone coating.
B. Gahr Formation: The Gahr Formation is dominantly represented by quartzite,
streaky to banded paragneiss interbedded with a few grey, thin to medium
bedded, fine grained quartzite. The Gahr gneiss has yielded on age of 1430(+)
150 Ma.
C. Khokhan Formation: It consists of interbanded sequence of green puckered
chlorite schist, green shiny phyllite and grey medium to thick bedded fine
grained micaceous schistose quartzite.
D. Larji Group: The Larji Group is represented by the orthoquartzite-carbonate
suite of rocks and been divided into two formation viz, Hurla and Aut
Formations.
E. Hurla Formation : The Hurla Formation is predominantly an arenaceous unit
consisting of white, pink, grey coloured thin to medium, even parallel bedded,
fine grained quartzite partings of thick horizon (upto 15 m) of purple, grey
shade.
F. Aut Formation : It comprises grey to bluish grey, fine grained, stromatolitic
occasions cherty dolomite, interbedded with white, medium to thick, even
parallel bedded, fine grain quartzite, grey purple shale and pink coloured, thinly
bedded fine grained limestone.
G. Naraul Formation: The Naraul Formation is represented by grey, green purple
shale, slate, phyllite, quartzite and a few thin beds of volcanic tuff basis
volcanic sparsely amygdaloidal and lenticular beds of limestone.
H. Manjir Formation: In the present area, the Manjir Formation is represented by
gneiss grey schistose quartzite, which occasionally is gritty or contains pebbles
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 55
of boulders of green quartzite and phyllite. The clast matrix-ratio varies from
15.85 to 40.60 and the maximum size of clast recorded is 1.18 m x 5.5 cm.
I. Katarigali Formation: The Katarigali Formation covered a major part of the
area west of Kullu and consists of carbonaceous phyllite, light to dark grey
thinly laminated said dark grey siltstone, greenish grey to grey, thinly bedded
fine grained limestone. The rocks slow profuse development of pyrite, the
loading of which gives brownish surface color to the rocks.
4.4.6 Hanuman Tibba Grantituls
This granite body is exposed between Beas Kund in the north to the Dorni. Thachin
Manalsu Nal In the south. This granitoids is represented by granite gneiss, biotite-
muscovite granite, occasionally porphyritic. The granitic is progressively traversed by
aplite pegmatite and quartz veins.
4.5 SOILS
The Soils in the Himalaya changes frequently, depending upon the underlying rocks and
the effect of various agencies from time to time. Though, specific soil survey has been
carried out by the Geological Survey of India, yet, few generalizations can be made
about the formation of soil. The lateritic soils rich in iron and alumina can be found as
cover over the gneissic rocks, whereas red soil forms on the granite and gneiss. The red
soils are deficient in phosphorus, lime and nitrogen. These also occur over the rocks of
green Bed Formation (Basic rocks). The sandstone, siltstone quartzite yield sandy soil,
while the area underlain by limestone and shale yield loamy soil. In the valley portions,
both transported as well as in-situ alluvial soils reworked by water, can be found.
4.5.1 Soil Unit Map of the Free Draining Catchment Area
The soil resource map of Himachal Pradesh (NBSS Publication No 52) has been used in
the present study. The soil is predominantly loamy-skeletal soil. The soil of the area
belongs to those of greater Himalayas having map unit 1, 2, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 13, 16, 22, 29 &
64 being soil of summit and ridge tops and soils of sides/reposed slopes; soils of glacio-
Fluvial valley having map unit 1 and 2. The soil unit map of the free draining catchment
area is shown in Figure 4.1. The characteristics of these soils are described hereunder:
a) Soil belonging to map unit 1
These are soils on summit and ridge tops rock out crops covered with glaciers
associated with shallow, excessively drained, sandy skeletal soil with sandy surface,
severe erosion and strong stoniness. Taxonomically these soils belong to great
group/subgroup Lithic cryorthents.
b) Soil belonging to map unit 2
These are soils on summits & ridge tops, shallow excessively drained, sandy skeletal
soil on very steep slopes with sandy surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness
associated with rock out crops. Taxonomically these soils belong to great group of
Lithic Cryorthents
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 56
c) Soil belonging to map unit 5
These are soils of summits & ridge tops generally occur in mountain & valley glaciers
& rock out crops associated with medium deep, excessively drained, sandy-skeletal
soils on very steep slopes with sandy surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness.
Taxonomically these soils belong to great group/subgroup Typic cryorthents.
d) Soil belonging to map unit 6
These are soils of side/reposed slopes of Greater Himalayas and the rock outcrops are
associated with medium deep, excessively drained, loamy skeletal calcareous soils on
very steep slopes with loamy surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness.
Taxonomically the soil belongs to great group/subgroup Typic cryorthents.
e) Soil belonging to map unit 7
These are soils of Greater Himalayas on side / reposed slopes in which rock out crops
are associated with shallow, excessively drained, loamy-skeletal, soils on very-steep
slopes with loamy surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness. Taxonomically the
soil belongs to great group/subgroup Typic cryorthents.
f) Soil belonging to map unit 8
These are soils of Greater Himalayas on side / reposed slopes in which rock out crops
are associated with medium deep, excessively drained, loamy skeletal, calcareous soils
on steep slopes with loamy surface and severe erosion and strong stoniness.
Taxonomically the soil belongs to great group/subgroup Typic Cryorthents.
g) Soil belonging to map unit 9
These are soils of greater Himalayas on side/reposed slopes in which rock out crops are
associated with deep, well drained, mesic, loamy-skeletal soils on very steep slopes
with loamy surface, severe erosion and strong stoniness. Taxonomically the soil
belongs to great group/subgroup Typic Udorthents.
h) Soil belonging to map unit 13
These are soils of Greater Himalayas on side/reposed slopes with medium deep,
excessively drained, mesic, sandy-skeletal over fragmental soils on very steep slopes
with loamy surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness. Taxonomically the soil
belongs to great group/subgroup Typic Udorthents.
i) Soil belonging to map unit 16
These are soils of Greater Himalayas on side/reposed slopes in which rock out crops
are associated with deep, excessively drained, sandy-skeletal soils with loamy surface,
very severe.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 57
Figure 4.1 : Soil Unit map of the Free Draining Catchment Area
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 58
erosion and moderate stoniness. Taxonomically the soil belongs to great group/subgroup
Typic Cryorthents..
I. Soil belonging to map unit 22
These are soils of Glacio-Fluvial valley with medium deep, excessively drained,
sandy skeletal soils on moderately steep slopes with sandy surface, severe erosion
and strong stoniness associated with deep excessively drained, loamy-skeletal soils
with sandy surface, severe erosion and moderate stoniness. Taxonomically the soil
belongs to great group/subgroup Typic cryorthents.
II. Soil belonging to map unit 29
These are soils of Lesser Himalayas on side and reposed slopes in which rock
outcrops are associated with medium deep, excessively drained, mesic, loamy-
skeletal soils on very steep slopes with loamy surface, severe erosion and moderate
stoniness. Taxonomically the soil belongs to Typic Udorthents.
III. Soil belonging to map unit 64
These are soils of Fluvial valley with medium deep, well drained, thermic, coarse-
loamy soils on moderate slopes with loamy surface and moderate erosion associated
with shallow, excessively drained, coarse-loamy, calcareous soils with loamy
surface and moderate erosion. Taxonomically the soil belongs to great
group/subgroup Typic Udifluvents / Typic Udorthents.
4.5.2 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS (PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL)
The soil in the area in general is quite shallow gravelly, impregnated with weathered
fragments of parent rocks. The soils have developed under unique environment of natural
forest vegetation. The surface layer up to 15 cm. is of dark brown to black colour, sandy
with loose and un-decomposed organic matter and rich in humus at depths ranging from
15-50 cm. The slope soils compose of silt and good for vegetation. Rocks are weathering
due to heavy rainfall. The texture varies from sandy loam to loamy sand. Soil samples
from various locations in study area were collected. The sample locations have been
selected to represent the area characteristics based on geology, land use and floristic
pattern.
The samples have been collected from eight locations for soil quality in project area. The
location of the soil samples is presented in Table 4.5 and shown in Figure 4.2.
The result of the soil analysis shows that the soil is neutral to slightly basic in nature
having varying pH from 7.11 to 8.09. The texture of the soil is loamy sand where sand
predominates. The moisture content of the soil varies from 4.67 to 34.14% and sodium
absorption ratio varies from 0.49 to 1.26. The micro nutrients are found in all the
samples. The analysis results of physical parameters and chemical parameters of soil
samples collected at site during three seasons are presented in Table 4.6 through Table
4.8.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 59
Table 4.5: Location of Soil Quality Monitoring Stations
Station
Code
Station Name Location w.r.t. Barrage Site
Distance
(km.)
Direction
Tosh Basin
SQ1 Tidam thach 1.5 u/s
SQ2 Thichu (Anth Thach)
/barrage
0.0 -/-
SQ3 Budhavan / Kutla 2.5 d/s
SQ4 Tosh village 6.0 d/s
Parbati Basin
SQ5 Nihara Thach(Barrage
Site)
1.0 u/s
SQ6 Dhara Thach 0.0 d/s
SQ7 Nakthan village 8.0 d/s
SQ8 Rudarnag 6.0 d/s
SQ9 Kheerganga 1.5 d/s
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
SQ10 Guwachha village 10.0 d/s
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 60
Figure 4.2: Soil Sampling Stations
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 61
Table 4.6: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Pre-Monsoon)
Sl
No.
Parameter Tosh Parbati Tosh-
Parbati
Tidam
thach
Thichu
(Anth
Thach)
Budhavan
/
Kotla-
Tosh
village
Nihara
Thach
Dhara
Thach(D
S)
Kheerga
nga
Rudarna
g
Nakthan
village
Guwachha
village
1. pH 7.92 7.11 7.20 7.47 7.23 7.19 8.01 7.46 7.27 7.53
2. Bulk Density 1.51 1.49 1.13 1.11 1.48 1.56 1.60 1.49 1.56 1.51
3. Conductivity 201 263 236 567 195 255 302 269 319 196
4. % Moisture 27.16 24.26 13.03 15.78 16.26 11.27 12.19 19.23 18.21 10.9
5. WHC 41.1 40.0 40.1 40.0 39.2 40 39.1 40.1 40.1 40.0
6. Texture Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Loamy
Sand Sandy Loam
7. Sand 72 70 78 72 71 77 71 72 80 68
8. Clay 8 8 9 9 8 10 9 8 10 08
9. Silt 20 22 13 19 21 13 20 20 10 4
10. CEC 6.25 0.61 0.97 1.88 1.50 1.17 1.69 4.02 1.50 4.95
11. Nitrogen 3.26 4.09 1.70 1.13 2.62 2.60 3.12 3.27 2.1 2.96
12. Phosphorous 129.26 61.29 86.82 76.55 62.62 89.1 386.19 11.29 86.20 48.77
13. Potassium 6.1 2.1 1.5 2.9 2.3 2.9 5.4 4.1 3.2 3.9
14. Sodium 9.6 2.9 3.2 5.9 2.7 1.8 2.6 6.2 2.3 7.6
15. Organic Matter 6.30 5.92 8.18 7.07 3.62 9.11 14.93 5.60 4.46 3.42
16. Organic Carbon 3.65 3.43 4.74 4.10 2.10 5.28 8.08 3.25 2.59 1.98
17. Ca 2.62 2.92 4.18 6.72 2.60 4.67 12.06 1.92 4.23 2.56
18. Mg 0.92 1.32 1.01 0.91 0.80 1.29 1.91 1.20 0.67 1.10
19. SAR 2.22 0.61 0.61 0.93 0.54 0.52 0.30 1.52 0.45 1.70
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 62
Table 4.7: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Monsoon)
SL
NO.
Parameter Tosh Parbati Tosh-
Parbati
Tidam
thach
Thichu
(Anth
Thach)
Budhava
n/
Kotla-
Tosh
village
Nihar
a
Thach
Dhara
Thach(D
S)
Kheerga
nga
Rudarna
g
Naktha
n village
Guwachha
village
1. pH 7.90 7.18 7.47 7.39 7.49 7.29 8.09 7.96 7.46 7.66
2. Bulk Density 1.51 1.51 1.62 1.26 .50 1.55 1.61 1.51 1.57 1.50
3. Conductivity 222 277 169 551 210 259 310 274 329 189
4. % Moisture 21.17 20.23 25.46 14.43 20.24 12.06 8.96 20.77 18.07 14.21
5. Porosity 40.1 39.9 39.9 40.2 40.1 40.0 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.1
6. Texture Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Loamy
Sand
Sandy Loam
7. Sand 70 72 72 79 70 77 72 72 81 67
8. Clay 10 10 8 9 11 10 11 10 6 11
9. Silt 20 18 20 12 19 14 17 18 13 22
10. CEC 5.80 1.69 1.50 2.53 1.82 1.42 1.56 1.95 2.02 4.67
11. Nitrogen 3.94 4.06 3.49 2.37 3.62 3.26 3.49 3.16 2.46 2.78
12. Phosphorous 118.18 49.09 54.76 79.27 58.26 90.23 340.17 10.11 86.77 47.26
13. Potassium 603 5.6 2.0 2.1 4.5 2.3 2.7 5.0 4.3 3.6
14. Sodium 8.9 2.6 2.3 3.9 2.8 2.2 2.4 3.0 2.1 7.2
15. Organic Matter 5.92 6.47 6.23 7.00 7.26 8.43 10.90 5.04 4.24 3.26
16. Organic Carbon 3.43 3.75 3.61 4.06 4.21 4.77 6.32 2.92 2.46 1.89
17. Ca 2.91 3.30 4.67 6.92 2.19 4.23 11.19 1.90 4.28 2.03
18. Mg 1.11 0.77 0.96 3.80 0.81 1.47 1.92 1.23 0.76 1.76
19. SAR 1.93 0.56 0.42 0.52 0.70 0.40 0.29 0.73 0.60 1.60
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 63
Table 4.8: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Post-Monsoon)
Sl
No.
Parameter Tosh Parbati Tosh-
Parbati
Tidam
thach
Thichu
(Anth
Thach)
Budhavan
/
Kotla-
Tosh
village
Nihara
Thach
Dhara
Thach(D
S)
Kheerga
nga
Rudarna
g
Nakthan
village
Guwachha
village
1. pH 7.87 7.53 7.38 7.50 7.40 7.26 8.07 7.36 7.23 7.47
2. Bulk Density 1.51 1.61 1.64 1.10 1.49 1.55 1.60 1.50 1.57 1.50
3. Conductivity 216 165 165 571 206 247 296 271 311 172
4. % Moisture 23.24 8.34 27.33 16.62 18.23 12.06 13.47 19.27 21.25 12.3
5. Porosity 40.2 40.2 40.1 39.2 39.4 39.2 38.2 40.0 40.2 40.0
6. Texture Sandy
Loam
Loamy
Sand
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Sandy
Loam
Loamy
Sand
Sandy
Loam
7. Sand 71 78 70 74 72 78 70 72 81 66
8. Clay 9 8 6 10 10 10 8 9 10 10
9. Silt 20 16 24 16 18 12 22 19 09 24
10. CEC 5.91 1.1 0.9 2.1 1.89 1 1.4 1.89 1.4 4.62
11. Nitrogen 4.10 0.68 2.05 1.20 3.11 2 3.08 3.49 1.92 2.65
12. Phosphorous 123.21 68.54 54.83 77.20 58.19 87.10 390.92 11.06 83.21 44.20
13. Potassium 5.90 2.0 1.4 5.2 2.1 3.6 5.2 4.2 3.70 4.0
14. Sodium 9.1 1.8 1.5 3.2 2.9 1.6 2.2 2.9 2.2 7.1
15. Organic Matter 6.40 10.98 8 7.14 2.92 8.26 14.52 5.53 7.36 3.07
16. Organic Carbon 3.71 6.36 4.64 4.14 1.69 4.79 8.42 3.21 4.26 1.78
17. Ca 2.93 8.80 3.93 7.14 2.37 4.92 12.71 1.92 4.46 2.56
18. Mg 0.97 3.47 0.86 6.74 0.92 1.11 1.49 1.20 0.43 1.39
19. SAR 2.04 0.51 0.39 0.39 0.70 0.42 0.26 0.71 0.59 1.55
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 64
4.6 SLOPE
In mountainous topography, slope plays a major role in controlling the sediment/soil
movement with water and the soil retention. The land use capability is a direct function
of slope, which signifies the change in the value of elevation over a distance and is
expressed either in degree or in percentage. The slope in catchment area is exhibited in
Figure 4.4 and enumerated in Table 4.9.
Table 4.9: Slope Class for Free Draining Catchment Area
Sl. No. Slope (%) Slope Class
Area under
different class
(ha)
Area in %
1 0-20 Very gentle slope 37061.00 35.86
2 20-35 Gentle slope 32956.47 31.88
3 35-50 Moderate slope 23002.60 22.26
4 50-80 Steep slope 9530.73 9.22
5 >80 Very steep slope 805.00 0.78
Total 103355.80 100.00
4.7 SEISMICITY OF THE AREA
Earthquakes, quite devastating and sudden in nature, are one of the most common types
of disasters that hit the state of HP. Lying in the sensitive Himalayan belt, at the juncture
of two active tectonic plates, the region is prone to severe seismic activity. The district of
Kullu falls in the highest seismic zone i.e. Zone V and is prone to disastrous earthquakes.
The movement of large blocks along the thrust planes resulting in the release of stored
energy is the basic cause of earthquakes in this region.
As per seismic zoning map of India (IS 1893:2000), the project area falls within Zone V
(Figure 4.3). Therefore, suitable seismic factor in design of structure would be kept
under consideration. The project area has experienced many incidences of
moderate/large magnitude including Chamba earthquake of 1945 and 1947 (Mag 6.5 and
6.2), Dharamshala earthquakes of 1978 and 1986 (Mag 5 and 5.7) and Chamba
earthquake of 1950 (Mag 5.5). In addition to the above, this seismic block has
experienced one great earthquake during recent past years i.e. Kangra earthquake of 4th
April, 1905 which had a magnitude of +8.
4.8 LAND USE / LAND COVER
The modern technique of satellite remote sensing facilitates such type of studies. The
inaccessibility to the region in diverse weather conditions, requirement of synoptic
coverage at various locations, and the computer adaptability for land use classification
makes digital image processing and remote sensing an inevitable tool. As already stated
under physiography the catchment area is characterized by steep hills and deep valleys,
the dominating classes are dense forest, open forest, waste land, agriculture and
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 65
Figure 4.3 : Seismic Zone Map of India
Table 4.10: Land Use Details of the Study Area
Sl. No. Land use category Area (ha) Area (%)
1. Agriculture / Settlement 90.6 0.09
2. Degraded Forest 5414.6 5.24
3. Dense Forest 659.5 0.64
4. Glacier 75750.9 73.29
5. Ice Melts / Water Body 346.6 0.34
6. Open Forest 1430.4 1.38
7. Scrub / Vegetation 19663.2 19.02
Total 103355.8 100.00
This free draining catchment has an area of 103355.8 ha as shown in Figure 4.5. The
predominant land-use is Glacier area (73.29%) followed by scrub/vegetation land
(19.02%) degraded forest (5.24%.) etc.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 66
Figure 4.4: Slope Map of the Free Draining Catchment Area
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 67
Figure 4.5 : The Land Use Map of Study Area
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 68
4.9 PRESENCE OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT MINERAL DEPOSIT
No major occurrence of economic deposit has been found in the reservoir area, except
materials like boulder, shingle pebbles and sand which bear no economic mineral
importance serve as construction material.
4.10 TOTAL LAND REQUIREMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE
PROJECT
The total land required for this project is 90.07 ha, out of which 81.85 ha is diverted
forest land and 8.22 ha is acquired private land. Two villages will be affected due to
acquisition of private land. The details of total land and the land breakup proposed to
utilized are given in Table 4.11. It is intimated that total forest land is 81.85 ha, out of
which 70.44 ha and 11.41 ha are required to be diverted to HPPCL from forest
department for proposed construction of open/ under ground components of the scheme.
The component wise break up of above forest and private land is shown in Annexure
2.a.
Table 4.11: Ownership status of land to be acquired/diverted for Nakthan HEP
S.No. Type of land Area (ha) Total land Area (ha)
1 Private land (to be aquired) 08.22
2 Forest land (to be diverted) 81.85
Above ground = 70.44
Undergorund = 11.41
Total 90.07
4.11 ARCHAEOLOGICAL/RELIGIOUS/HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
No archaeological monument of national importance lies either in the project area or in
the submergence area. There is also no structure of national heritage in the area.
4.12 SENSITIVE AREAS
No national park, sanctuary, defense establishment, archaeological monuments, notified
eco-sensitive areas or protected areas under Wildlife (Protection) Act exists within the
project area or within 10 km. distance from it.
4.13 WATER QUALITY
The quality of water is vital concern for mankind since it is directly linked with the
human welfare. Water quality characteristics of aquatic environment arise from
multitude of physical, chemical and biological interactions. The water bodies are
continuously subjected to dynamic state of changes with respect to their geo-chemical
characteristics. The dynamic balance in aquatic ecosystem is upset by human activities,
resulting in pollution which is obvious by bad taste of drinking water, offensive odour,
unchecked growth of aquatic weeds, and decrease in number of fish, oil and grease
floating on water bodies. These disturb the normal uses of water for public water supply,
industry, agriculture etc. Samples of surface water and ground water were collected
within the study area along the project site. To assess the water Quality of the area
samples were tested for physico-chemical parameters. Fourteen sites [surface water (12)
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 69
& ground water (2)] were selected for water sampling (Table 4.11). The selection of
sites was done considering the location of different project components, junctions of
streams, river course, spots of high water velocity and some of the slow flowing water
pools.
The quality of surface water is generally good. pH varies from 6.76 to 7.41. The
dissolved solids in all the samples are less except spring water sample at Nakthan and
sulphur spring Kheerganga. Presence of Total Coliform (9-68 MPN/100 ml), Faecal
coliform ((2-9 MPN/100 ml) and colonies of E.coli are reported in some streams that
may be attributed to anthropogenic activities i.e. livestock of Gujjar tribes. Most of the
parameters are meeting the requirements of drinking water quality standard. The
physicochemical and biological characteristics of the samples collected during the
monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon are shown in Figure 4.6 and presented in
Table 4.12 to 4.15.
Table 4.12: Location of Surface Water and Ground Water
Quality Monitoring Stations
Station
Code
Station Name Location w.r.t. Barrage Site Distance (k.m.) Direction
SURFACE WATER
Tosh Basin
1 Thichu (Anth Thach) 1.0 u/s 2 Dalali 1.0 u/s 3 Diversion Site- Tosh 0.0 -/- 4 Maskar 3.5 d/s 5 Jiraha 7.0 d/s 6 Tosh-Guwachha 8.0 d/s
Parbati Basin 7 Kuri thach 1.0 u/s 8 Nihara thach (Diversion Site) 1.0 u/s
9 Dhara Thach 0.0 -/-
10 Rudarnag 6.0 d/s
11 Guwachha (PH Site) 9.5 d/s
Confluence Parbati-Tosh
12 Parbati-II Reservoir 11.0 d/s
SPRING WATER
13 Nakthan 8.5 d/s
14 Kheerganga (Sulphur spring) 1.5 d/s
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 70
Figure 4.6: Water Sampling Locations in the Study Area
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 71
Table 4.13: Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Water Samples (Pre-Monsoon) S.
N.
Parameter Unit Tosh Parbati Tosh-
Parbati
Surface Water Surface Water SPRING
WATER
Surface
Water
Tic
hu
Da
lali
Div
ersi
on
Sit
e-
To
sh
Ma
ska
r
Jir
ah
a
To
sh-G
uw
ach
ha
Ku
ri t
ha
ch
Nih
ar
a t
ha
ch
(Div
ersi
on
Sit
e)
Dh
ara
Th
ach
Ru
da
rna
g
Gu
wa
chh
a (
PH
Sit
e)
Na
kth
an
Kh
eerg
an
ga
Pa
rba
ti-I
I
Rés
erv
oir
(Co
nfl
uen
ce P
oin
t)
1. pH -- 7.68 7.71 7.69 7.79 7.79 7.69 7.56 7.58 7.52 7.58 7.69 7.98 7.20 7.54
2. Turbidity NTU 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
3. Temperature oC 26.1 26.1 26.0 26.1 26.0 26.0 26.2 26.0 26.1 26.1 26.2 26.1 26.2 26.1
4. Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/L 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.5
5. Total
Suspended
Solids
mg/L 10 9.5 10.2 10.1 11 11 10 10 10.5 10.9 9.0 9.6 8.9 10.5
6. Conductivity moh/cm2 125 128 127 126 125 126 127 125 126 125 125 126 128 130
7. Alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/L 30 30 32 31 31 32 28 30 30 36 35 32 32 31
8. Total
Dissolved
Solids
mg/L 60.0 60.2 60.0 60.5 61.0 62.0 60.0 62.0 61.0 61.5 62.0 62.5 60.5 62.1
9. Total
Hardness as
CaCO3
mg/L 58 60 60 59.5 59 59 58.0 59 59.0 60.0 59.8 60.5 62 63
10. Calcium as
CaCO3
mg/L 40 40 39 41 40 41 40.0 40.5 40.1 40.0 41 40.5 42.0 42.5
11. Magnesium
as CaCO3
mg/L 18 20 21 18.5 19 18 18.0 18.5 18.3 20.0 18.8 20.0 20.0 20.5
12. Chloride as
Cl
mg/L 8 8 7.5 8 8 7.8 8 7.5 8.1 7.2 8.2 8.3 7.9 8.5
13. Nitrate as mg/L 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.12 0.15 0.16
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 72
S.
N.
Parameter Unit Tosh Parbati Tosh-
Parbati
Surface Water Surface Water SPRING
WATER
Surface
Water
Tic
hu
Da
lali
Div
ersi
on
Sit
e-
To
sh
Ma
ska
r
Jir
ah
a
To
sh-G
uw
ach
ha
Ku
ri t
ha
ch
Nih
ar
a t
ha
ch
(Div
ersi
on
Sit
e)
Dh
ara
Th
ach
Ru
da
rna
g
Gu
wa
chh
a (
PH
Sit
e)
Na
kth
an
Kh
eerg
an
ga
Pa
rba
ti-I
I
Rés
erv
oir
(Co
nfl
uen
ce P
oin
t)
NO3
14. Phosphate as
PO4
mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 ND 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04
15. Sulphate as
SO4
mg/L 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 16 17.1 17.1 15.5 16.0 15 16 15.5 16.0 15.3
16. COD mg/L <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4
17. BOD mg/L <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 8 <2 <2
18. Acidity mg/L 9 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 9.5 10.0 11.1 10.5 11.5
19. Free CO2 mg/L 0.56 0.64 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.62 0.68 0.64 0.6 0.62 0.60 0.60 0.62
20. Silicate mg/L 7.5 8 6 6 7 8 8 8 7.7 8.1 10 6 9.5 9.0
21. Zinc as Zn mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
22. Iron as Fe mg/L 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.15
23. Total
Coliform
MPN/100
ml
Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
24. Faecal
Coliform
MPN/100
ml
Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
25. E.coli count/100
ml
Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 73
Table 4.14: Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Water Samples (Monsoon)
S.
N.
Parameter Unit Tosh Parbati Tosh-
Parbat
i
Surface Water Surface Water SPRING
WATER
Surfac
e
Water
Tic
hu
Da
lali
Div
ersi
on
Sit
e-
To
sh
Ma
ska
r
Jir
ah
a
To
sh-G
uw
ach
ha
Ku
ri t
ha
ch
Nih
ar
a t
ha
ch
(Div
ersi
on
Sit
e)
Dh
ara
Th
ach
Ru
da
rna
g
Gu
wa
chh
a (
PH
Sit
e)
Na
kth
an
Kh
eerg
an
ga
Pa
rba
ti-I
I
Rés
erv
oir
(Co
nfl
uen
ce P
oin
t)
1. pH -- 7.76 7.12 7.22 7.09 7.31 7.35 7.29 7.53 7.31 7.39 7.36 7.15 7.18 7.41
2. Turbidity NTU 5 6 9 7 8 9 9 8 6 7 9 7 8 9
3. Temperature oC 24 28 26 28 28 26 25 27 26 27 28 27 28 25
4. Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/L 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.4 8.0 7.9 8.5 8.3 7.8 7.5
5. Total Suspended
Solids
mg/L 12 15 17 12 12 13 14 2 12 14 18 18 12 20
6. Conductivity moh/cm2 140 152 156 162 148 167 171 187 172 150 164 152 147 170
7. Alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/L 30 30 36 35 32 32 30 30 32 31 31 32 28 30
8. Total Dissolved
Solids
mg/L 62.0 61.0 61.5 62.0 62.5 60.5 60.0 60.2 60.0 60.5 61.0 62.0 60.0 60.2
9. Total Hardness
as CaCO3
mg/L 59 59.0 60.0 59.8 60.5 62 58 60 60 59.5 59 59 58.0 60
10. Calcium as
CaCO3
mg/L 40.5 40.1 40.0 41 40.5 42.0 40 40 39 41 40 41 40.0 40
11. Magnesium as
CaCO3
mg/L 18.5 18.3 20.0 18.8 20.0 20.0 18 20 21 18.5 19 18 18.0 20
12. Chloride as Cl mg/L 8 7.5 8.1 7.2 8.2 8.3 8 8 7.5 8 8 7.8 8 9
13. Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 0.30 0.40 0.46 0.28 0.50 0.39 0.26 0.24 0.47 0.64 0.47 0.12 0.02 0.05
14. Phosphate as mg/L 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.06
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 74
S.
N.
Parameter Unit Tosh Parbati Tosh-
Parbat
i
Surface Water Surface Water SPRING
WATER
Surfac
e
Water
Tic
hu
Da
lali
Div
ersi
on
Sit
e-
To
sh
Ma
ska
r
Jir
ah
a
To
sh-G
uw
ach
ha
Ku
ri t
ha
ch
Nih
ar
a t
ha
ch
(Div
ersi
on
Sit
e)
Dh
ara
Th
ach
Ru
da
rna
g
Gu
wa
chh
a (
PH
Sit
e)
Na
kth
an
Kh
eerg
an
ga
Pa
rba
ti-I
I
Rés
erv
oir
(Co
nfl
uen
ce P
oin
t)
PO4
15. Sulphate as SO4 mg/L 14.5 15.0 14.9 15.3 15.4 14.8 15.6 16.1 17.5 16.2 17.3 16.3 14.6 14.5
16. COD mg/L 45 40 50 55 54 30 50 30 50 30 50 40 50 55
17. BOD mg/L 18 30 33 32 32 20 35 22 39 20 39 33 35 40
18. Acidity mg/L 8 14 10 10 6 12 8 14 12 8 6 12 10 14
19. Free CO2 mg/L 0.56 0.64 0.54 0.61 0.42 0.86 0.72 0.58 0.74 0.48 0.12 0.60 0.60 0.52
20. Silicate mg/L 5 8 6 4 6 8 10 6 6 5 10 6 12 8
21. Zinc as Zn mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
22. Iron as Fe mg/L 0.18 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.16
23. Total Coliform MPN/100
ml
143 168 194 221 251 223 196 226 254 282 315 167 202 236
24. Faecal Coliform MPN/100
ml
61 81 102 82 103 124 82 92 116 141 92 68 45 93
25. E.coli count/100
ml
2 2 3 5 3 4 2 3 2 5 0 3 3 5
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 75
Table 4.15: Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Water Samples (Post-Monsoon)
S.
N.
Parameter Unit Tosh Parbati Tosh-Parbati
Surface Water Surface Water SPRING
WATER
Surface Water
Tic
hu
Dala
li
Div
ersi
on
Sit
e-
Tosh
Mask
ar
Jir
ah
a
Tosh
-Gu
wach
ha
Ku
ri t
hach
Nih
ar
a t
ha
ch
(Div
ersi
on
Sit
e)
Dh
ara
Th
ach
Ru
darn
ag
Gu
wach
ha (
PH
Sit
e)
Nak
than
Kh
eerg
an
ga
Parb
ati
-II
Rés
ervoir
(Con
flu
ence
Poin
t)
1. pH -- 7.68 7.71 7.69 7.79 7.79 7.69 7.56 7.58 7.52 7.58 7.69 7.98 7.20 7.54
2. Turbidity NTU 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
3. Temperature oC 26.1 26.1 26.0 26.1 26.0 26.0 26.2 26.0 26.1 26.1 26.2 26.1 26.2 26.1
4. Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/L 8.5 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.5
5. Total
Suspended
Solids
mg/L 10 9.5 10.2 10.1 11 11 10 10 10.5 10.9 9.0 9.6 8.9 10.5
6. Conductivity moh/cm2 130 132 134 129 130 128 127 129 125 128 127 126 125 126
7. Alkalinity as
CaCO3
mg/L 30 30 32 31 31 32 28 30 30 36 35 32 32 31
8. Total Dissolved
Solids
mg/L 60.0 61.5 62.5 61.0 61.0 62.0 60.0 62.0 60.0 61.5 62.0 62.5 60.5 62.5
9. Total Hardness
as CaCO3
mg/L 59 60.0 60.5 59 59 59 58.0 59.8 58.0 60.0 59.8 60.5 62 60.5
10. Calcium as
CaCO3
mg/L 40.5 40.0 40.5 40 40 41 40.0 41 40.0 40.0 41 40.5 42.0 40.5
11. Magnesium as
CaCO3
mg/L 18.5 20.0 20.0 19 19 18 18.0 18.8 18.0 20.0 18.8 20.0 20.0 20.0
12. Chloride as Cl mg/L 8 8 7.5 8 8 7.8 8 7.5 8.1 7.2 8.2 8.3 7.9 8.5
13. Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.13
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 76
S.
N.
Parameter Unit Tosh Parbati Tosh-Parbati
Surface Water Surface Water SPRING
WATER
Surface Water
Tic
hu
Dala
li
Div
ersi
on
Sit
e-
Tosh
Mask
ar
Jir
ah
a
Tosh
-Gu
wach
ha
Ku
ri t
hach
Nih
ar
a t
ha
ch
(Div
ersi
on
Sit
e)
Dh
ara
Th
ach
Ru
darn
ag
Gu
wach
ha (
PH
Sit
e)
Nak
than
Kh
eerg
an
ga
Parb
ati
-II
Rés
ervoir
(Con
flu
ence
Poin
t)
14. Phosphate as
PO4
mg/L ND 0.01 0.01 0.02 ND 0.02 0.02 0.01 ND 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04
15. Sulphate as
SO4
mg/L 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 16 17.1 17.1 15.5 16.0 15 16 15.5 16.0 15.3
16. COD mg/L <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4
17. BOD mg/L <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 8 <2 <2
18. Acidity mg/L 9 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 9.5 10.0 11.1 10.5 11.5
19. Free CO2 mg/L 0.5 0.60 0.51 0.49 0.51 0.58 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.59 0.52 0.54 0.59 0.54
20. Silicate mg/L 7.5 8 6 6 7 8 8 8 7.7 8.1 10 6 9.5 9.0
21. Zinc as Zn mg/L <0.0
1
<0.0
1
<0.0
1
<0.01 <0.0
1
<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.0
1
<0.01 <0.01 <0.0
1
<0.01
22. Iron as Fe mg/L 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12
23. Total Coliform MPN/100
ml
Abse
nt
Abse
nt
Abse
nt
Absen
t
Abse
nt
Absen
t
Absent Absent Absent Abse
nt
Absent Absen
t
Abse
nt
Absent
24. Faecal
Coliform
MPN/100
ml
Abse
nt
Abse
nt
Abse
nt
Absen
t
Abse
nt
Absen
t
Absent Absent Absent Abse
nt
Absent Absen
t
Abse
nt
Absent
25. E.coli count/100
ml
Abse
nt
Abse
nt
Abse
nt
Absen
t
Abse
nt
Absen
t
Absent Absent Absent Abse
nt
Absent Absen
t
Abse
nt
Absent
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 77
4.14 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
HEPs are site specific in nature. Where construction activity such as excavation of roads,
construction of barrage and powerhouse along with other appurtenant structures remain
confined to a specific area. Moreover, the construction activity also entails operation of heavy
vehicles and other machines along with operation of crushing and batching plants, which emit
dust and aerosols in the atmosphere causing air pollution. Operation of heavy vehicles and
other plants also causes noise pollution in the project area.
The atmospheric air has, broadly speaking, three categories of constituents, i.e. major, minor
and trace. For pollution free dry air at ground level, the components, expressed as % by
volume are nitrogen 78%, oxygen 20.94%, and water vapours (1-3%). Minor components
include Argon and CO2, while trace components include Neon, Helium, Methane, Hydrogen,
and Ammonia etc. These parameters vary considerably with altitude. Air is never found clean
due to natural and man-made pollution. Gases such as CO, SO2, H2S, NOX are continually
released into the atmosphere through natural activities e.g. volcanic activity, vegetation decay
and forest fires. Besides, particles of solids or liquids are distributed throughout the air by
winds, explosion etc. In addition to these natural pollutants, there are man-made pollutants
gases, mists and particulate aerosols resulting from chemical and biological processes used
by man. The air pollutants present in atmosphere, in concentrations that disturbs its dynamic
equilibrium and, thereby, affect man and his environment. There are five notorious air
pollutants; sulphur dioxides (SO2) emitted mainly by fossils fuel burning, nitrogen oxides
(NOx) & Carbon monoxide (CO) emitted mainly by vehicles; and SPM & RPM, suspended
particulate matter (SPM) and Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) resulting from various
natural as well as man-made activities.
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically
designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air
quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations:
Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis;
Topography of the study area;
Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and
Representatives of likely impact areas.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations (depicted in Table 4.17) were set up at
nine locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points.
Results of ambient air quality show that all the parameters are well within the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards for residential, rural and other areas. The concentration of
SPM and RPM is highest near Bershani village. It might be due to dust emission from
vehicular movement as the village is located near Parbati II HEP project side. The data
obtained from ambient air quality monitoring stations are tabulated in Table 4.18 to Table
4.29 and shown in Figure 4.7.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 78
Table 4.17: Location of Ambient Air Quality Stations
Sr.
No.
Station Name Direction *
Distance, Km.
(Approx.)*
TOSH BASIN
1. Barrage site Tosh d/s
Thichu (Anth Thach)
Barrage site 0.0
2. Kalbati near Budhavan d/s 2.5
3. Tosh village d/s 6.0
PARBATI BASIN
4. Guwachha (power house) d/s 10.0
5. Nakthan d/s 8.0
6. Kheerganga Thach d/s 1.5
7. Dhara Thach d/s 0.0
8. Nihara Thach, Barrage site Barrage site 1.0
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
9. Parbati-II dam site, Barshani d/s 10.0
(Direction and Distance are w. r. t. proposed Barrage Site)
Figure 4.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 79
Table 4.18: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. RPM (Pre-Monsoon)
Name of location Locatio
n Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max
. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 12 08 09 100
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 14 10 13 100
Tosh village A3 30 20 28 100
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 25 18 22 100
Nakthan A5 21 15 17 100
Kheerganga Thach A6 15 11 13 100
Dhara Thach A7 15 12 13 100
Nihara Thach
(barrage site) A8 14 10 12 100
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 40 22 30 100
* ND-Not detected
Table 4.19: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. RPM (Monsoon)
Name of location Locatio
n Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max
. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 ND ND ND 100
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 ND ND ND 100
Tosh village A3 20 15 18 100
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 21 15 18 100
Nakthan A5 ND ND ND 100
Kheerganga Thach A6 ND ND ND 100
Dhara Thach A7 ND ND ND 100
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 ND ND ND 100
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 25 16 21 100
* ND-Not detected
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 80
Table 4.20: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. RPM (Post-Monsoon)
Name of location Locatio
n Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max
. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 13 10 12 100
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 15 11 13 100
Tosh village A3 26 16 18 100
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 24 14 18 100
Nakthan A5 20 12 16 100
Kheerganga Thach A6 18 10 12 100
Dhara Thach A7 14 11 13 100
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 15 10 12 100
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 32 22 28 100
* ND-Not detected
Table 4.21: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Suspended Particulate
Matter (Pre-Monsoon)
Name of location Location
Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max
. Min. Avg.
Within
the
National
Ambient
Air
Quality
Standards
for 24
hrs.
monitorin
g
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 36 20 22 200
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 42 28 34 200
Tosh village A3 50 36 42 200
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 48 26 36 200
Nakthan A5 40 24 35 200
Kheerganga Thach A6 36 19 28 200
Dhara Thach A7 40 16 32 200
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 34 26 25 200
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 65 38 54 200
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 81
Table 4.22: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Suspended Particulate Matter
(Monsoon)
Name of location Location
Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max
. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 32 16 24 200
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 28 12 20 200
Tosh village A3 35 29 32 200
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 40 30 36 200
Nakthan A5 30 18 24 200
Kheerganga Thach A6 28 12 18 200
Dhara Thach A7 24 10 16 200
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 30 18 21 200
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 50 32 43 200
Table 4.23: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Suspended Particulate
Matter (Post-Monsoon)
Name of location Location
Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max
. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 32 18 20 200
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 40 20 29 200
Tosh village A3 50 36 40 200
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 44 32 35 200
Nakthan A5 40 26 32 200
Kheerganga Thach A6 42 24 29 200
Dhara Thach A7 38 26 33 200
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 35 28 31 200
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 70 40 56 200
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 82
Table 4.24: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Sulphur Dioxide (Pre- Monsoon)
Name of location Location
Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ
Standards, g/m3
(for Residential
and Other areas)
Remarks
Max. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient Air
Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 07 05 06 80
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 06 04 05 80
Tosh village A3 06 04 05 80
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 07 04 05 80
Nakthan A5 06 04 05 80
Kheerganga Thach A6 06 04 05 80
Dhara Thach A7 06 04 05 80
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 07 05 06 80
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 08 06 07 80
Table 4.25: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Sulphur Dioxide (Monsoon)
Name of location Location
Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ
Standards, g/m3
(for Residential
and Other areas)
Remarks
Max. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient Air
Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh
- Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 ND ND ND 80
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 ND ND ND 80
Tosh village A3 05 04 4.5 80
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 08 06 07 80
Nakthan A5 ND ND ND 80
Kheerganga Thach A6 ND ND ND 80
Dhara Thach A7 ND ND ND 80
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 ND ND ND 80
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam
site, Barshani A9 06 04 05 80
ND – Not Detected
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 83
Table 4.26: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Sulphur Dioxide (Post-
Monsoon)
Name of location Location
Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ
Standards, g/m3
(for Residential
and Other areas)
Remarks
Max. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient Air
Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh -
Thichu (Anth
Thach)
A1 07 04 5.5 80
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 07 04 05 80
Tosh village A3 08 05 6.5 80
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 08 04 06 80
Nakthan A5 07 04 05 80
Kheerganga Thach A6 05 04 4.5 80
Dhara Thach A7 06 04 05 80
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 07 05 06 80
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam site,
Barshani A9 07 05 06 80
ND – Not Detected
Table 4.27: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Nitrogen Oxide (Pre-
Monsoon)
Name of location Locatio
n Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh -
Thichu (Anth Thach) A1 15 08 12 80
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 14 10 12 80
Tosh village A3 14 12 13 80
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 14 11 13 80
Nakthan A5 15 10 12 80
Kheerganga Thach A6 14 08 12 80
Dhara Thach A7 12 08 10 80
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 12 09 11 80
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam site,
Barshani A9 15 11 13 80
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 84
Table 4.28: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Nitrogen Oxide (Monsoon)
Name of location Locatio
n Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh -
Thichu (Anth Thach) A1 11 09 10 80
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 10 09 9.5 80
Tosh village A3 12 09 10 80
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 10 09 10 80
Nakthan A5 11 09 10 80
Kheerganga Thach A6 11 09 10 80
Dhara Thach A7 11 09 10 80
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 12 09 10 80
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam site,
Barshani A9 12 10 11 80
Table 4.29: Ambient Air Quality Status w. r. t. Nitrogen Oxide (Post-
Monsoon)
Name of location Locatio
n Code
Concentration,
g/m3
NAAQ Standards,
g/m3 (for
Residential and
Other areas)
Remarks
Max. Min. Avg.
Within the
National
Ambient
Air Quality
Standards
for 24 hrs.
monitoring
TOSH BASIN
Barrage site Tosh -
Thichu (Anth Thach) A1 16 10 13 80
Kalbati near
Budhavan A2 15 10 12 80
Tosh village A3 15 12 13 80
PARBATI BASIN
Guwachha village A4 16 11 13 80
Nakthan A5 15 10 12 80
Kheerganga Thach A6 14 12 13 80
Dhara Thach A7 13 09 11 80
Nihara Thach,
Barrage site A8 14 09 12 80
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
Parbati-II dam site,
Barshani A9 16 11 13 80
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 85
4.15 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Noise is a very important parameter for the environment. With progress in industrial
growth, the level of noise has been increasing continuously. Noise has been further
accelerated by introduction of the diesel engine, jet engine, high-tech machineries and
increasing road traffic. Noise is considered to be one of the dimensions of pollution,
which leads to degradation of the environment and also poses health and communication
hazards. While 65 decibel dB (A) is the noise level for conversation heard at a distance
of one meter, 125 dB (A) gives the sensation of pain in the ear and 150 dB (A) might kill
a human being.
The most commonly occurring ear barrage age is brought about by continuous periods of
high intensity noise. High frequencies or ultrasonic sound above the normal audible
range can affect the semi-circular canals of the inner ear. Again very low frequency noise
can produce response in the body organs giving the effects of reduced heartbeat,
variations in blood pressure and breathing difficulties.
A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise
generating sources in the area. Noise at different generating sources has been identified
based on the activities in the village area and traffic. The noise monitoring has been
conducted for determination of ambient noise levels in the study area, for that purpose
nine locations were selected, which are listed in Table 4.30.
Table 4.30: Location of Noise Quality Monitoring Stations
Station
Code
Station Name Location w.r.t. Trench Weir Site
Distance (k.m.) Direction
TOSH BASIN
N1 Thichu (Anth Thach) 1.0 u/s
N2 Barrage site Tosh 0.0 -/-
N3 Kalbati near Budhavan 2.5 d/s
N4 Tosh village 6.0 d/s
PARBATI BASIN
N5 Guwachha 10.0 d/s
N6 Kheerganga Thach 1.5 d/s
N7 Dhara Thach 1.0 d/s
N8 Nihara Thach, (Barrage Site) 0.0 u/s
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
N9 Parbati-II dam site, Barsheni 11.0 d/s
The sound level measured for nine locations by cygnet sound level meter (digital
instrument). The calibrated and charged sound level meter is adjusted for slow time
response. The sound level were measured at different sites and maximum and minimum
level of sound was recorded for the particular site and then average was calculated which
gave the final readings. Readings were taken in each division of north; south, east and
west around each source and at various distances and the maximum minimum for
particular hours were recorded.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 86
Figure 4.8: Noise Level Monitoring Stations
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 87
The major source of the noise in the study area is vehicular movement and roadside
commercial activities. The ambient noise quality standards are 65, 55 and 50 dB (A) in
day time and 55, 45 and 40 during night time for commercial, residential and silence
zone respectively. The daytime noise level measured during 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and
nighttime measured from 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. The noise levels are within the
prescribed limit in all the monitoring stations. The noise level monitored during
monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon is presented in Table 4.31 to 4.33 and shown
in Figure 4.8.
Table 4.31: Noise Level of the Study Area (Pre-Monsoon)
Station
code
Location Leq (day),
dB (A)
Leq (Night),
dB (A)
Leq, dB (A), day
& night
TOSH BASIN
N1 Thichu (Anth Thach) 44 36 39
N2 Barrage site Tosh 46 36 41
N3 Kalbati near Budhavan 42 34 37
N4 Tosh village 55 38 44
PARBATI BASIN
N5 Guwachha 43 34 36
N6 Kheerganga Thach 40 34 38
N7 Dhara Thach 38 34 36
N8 Nihara Thach, Barrage
site
36 40 33
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
N9 Parbati-II dam site,
Barshani
55 42 46
Table 4.32: Noise Level of the Study Area (Monsoon)
Station
code
Location Leq (day),
dB (A)
Leq (Night),
dB (A)
Leq, dB (A),
day & night
TOSH BASIN
N1 Thichu (Anth Thach) 49 36 44
N2 Barrage site Tosh 50 35 43
N3 Kalbati near Budhavan 48 36 42
N4 Tosh village 60 37 44
PARBATI BASIN
N5 Guwachha 46 35 40
N6 Kheerganga Thach 49 37 40
N7 Dhara Thach 45 35 39
N8 Nihara Thach, Barrage
site
42 34 33
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
N9 Parbati-II dam site,
Barshani
62 35 45
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 88
Table 4.33: Noise Level of the Study Area (Post-Monsoon)
Station
code
Location Leq (day),
dB (A)
Leq (Night),
dB (A)
Leq, dB (A),
day & night
TOSH BASIN
N1 Thichu (Anth Thach) 39 34 37
N2 Barrage site Tosh 38 34 36
N3 Kalbati near Budhavan 34 - 34
N4 Tosh village 45 36 41
PARBATI BASIN
N5 Guwachha 41 34 35
N6 Kheerganga Thach 41 35 37
N7 Dhara Thach 40 34 37
N8 Nihara Thach, Barrage
site
38 35 37
Confluence Tosh-Parbati
N9 Parbati-II dam site,
Barshani
55 38 46
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 89
CHAPTER-5
HYDROLOGY
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The project area interacts with the river Parbati and Tosh, which is one of the major
tributary of river Beas. Tosh nalla is a tributary of Parbati River which in turn is a
tributary of Beas River and joins the latter on the left bank near Bhunter, in District
Kullu, Himachal Pradesh. These are perennial glacier fed Nalla/river which emanates at
an Elevation of +6450 m and 6630 m from a glacier bed and flows mostly in south-
westerly to westerly direction before it joins Beas River. The project is located near
village Nakthan in District Kullu of Himachal Pradesh. The scheme is located between
32⁰02‟55” N and longitude 77⁰31‟51” E. The baseline data was studied to assess the
basin characteristics, drainage pattern and hydrology. The existing physico-chemical and
bacteriological parameters were analyzed for river at different sites.
5.2 BASIN CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER PARBATI
The Parbati River is a major tributary of the Beas River which itself is a prominent
tributary of the Ravi River. It rises from the ManTalai Glacier below the Pin Parbati pass
and flows in a gradual curve from north-northwest to west-southwest past the important
temple town of Manikaran. Before the confluence of Tosh and Parbati, the Upper Valley
is mostly narrow and characterized by steep slopes. The Parbati river catchment area is
given in Figure 5.1.
It is a rain and snow fed river. The bed gradient of the river; over the entire stretches
ranges between 15 and 40 m/Km but reaches values up to 200 m/Km in the upper most
regions. The river valley is located between steep and high mountain ranges in its upper
regions and is very narrow. Along the lower stretches, the valley is usually wider, and
part of the flood plains form cultivated land. The Parbati River delivers a substantial
amount of sediment load, particularly during snowmelt and flood seasons. It is joined by
various nallah/Khads in its course from its origin to Pong Barrage.
The river valley of the upper reaches of the river is deeply incised, with very steep
mountain slopes in some of the sections. The topography of the uppermost reaches is
formed by glacial action. Further downstream, between the Nakthan, Tosh village and
project area, the river valley is characterized by fluvial elements such as river terraces
and evident traces of fluvial erosion and sedimentation.
The longitudinal gradient of the Upper Parbati River is steep. In the hydropower project
area the gradient varies between 30 and 40 m per kilometer. Downstream of Nakthan the
gradient is considerably lower. A series of wide-open sections, with alluvial terraces,
floodplains and braided river systems characterize the valley down to the proposed
project site.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 90
Figure. 5.1: Showing the catchment area of of nakthan HEP and Parbati river
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 91
5.3 BASIN CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE DRAINING CATCHMENT OF
NAKTHAN HEP
River Parbati, a tributary of river Beas, originates from Mantalai Lake at an elevation of
± 6630 m and traverses in north direction. It takes a west turn after traversing about 7 km
from its origin i.e. Mantalai lake, a major nalla named Dibi Bokhari joins on right bank,
which originates from Dibi ka Glacier. Tosh is a major tributary of Parbati river which
originates from sara Umaga and Tichu glaciers and no major tributary joins river Parbati
from left bank through few small nalla originating from different glaciers join it the
highest peak in the catchment is at EL 6632 m and there are no. of peaks above EL 6000
m. Catchment area of Parbati river and Tosh Nalla at proposed diversion site is 687.445
sq. km. and 332.676 sq km. respectively. About 73% of the catchment lies in the Glacier
area. The catchment comprises of very steep hills with exposed rock and valleys filled
with fluvio-glacial deposits. The river bed slope between Mantalai lake and Dibi Bokhari
nalla confluences is flatter, while it is quite steep between proposed diversion site and
dibi Bokhari nalla confluences. Similarly the Tosh Nalla have flatter slope near the
diversion site.
The riverbed slope is comparatively steeper in upper reaches upto barrage site, and the
equivalent bed slope has been computed as 31 m/km. The altitude in the free draining
catchment area varies from El 1685 masl to 5274 masl and the area above El 4500 masl,
which is permanently snow covered, is approximately 305 sq km. As per the
nomenclature given in Water Atlas of India (Edition 1993), the free draining catchment
area under study lies in Water Resource Region-1, Basin 1B, Catchment 1B1, Sub
Catchment 1B1D and Watershed 1B1D4. The free draining catchment has been
subdivided further into ten sub-watersheds. The satellite imagery of free draining
catchment is presented in Figure 5.2 and the basin characteristics of different sub-
watersheds are given in Table 5.1 and Figure 5.3.
Table 5.1: Basin Characteristics of Different SWS in Free
Drainage Catchment area of the study area
Watershed
Details
SWS/MWS Total Catchment
Area of MWS (ha.)
Altitude of Highest
Point in MWS (metric
above masl)
Region (II) Indus
Drainage Basin
(B) and Beas Sub
Basin
SWS Tosh Nalla (33111.3)
1B1D4(3) 12117.5 5577
1B1D4(2) 8970.9 5736
1B1D4(1) 12022.8 5681
SWS Parbati River (70244.5)
1B1D4(6) 16272.9 6061
1B1D4(5) 12982.5 5151
1B1D4(7) 15667.1 5233
1B1D4(4) 25322.1 5828
Total Area of Free Draining Catchment 103355.8Ha
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 92
Figure 5.2: Satellite Imagery of Free Draining Catchment
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 93
Figure 5.3: Watershed Boundary of Nakthan HEP Free Draining Catchment Area
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 94
5.3.1 Drainage Pattern
Drainage is the single most entity that defines the network antecedent river. The drainage
pattern of the study area exhibits dendritic pattern as shown in Figure 5.4. The drainage
pattern of the area may be classified into following classes.
5.3.1.1 Gross Trellis
The trellis drainage pattern is normally developed in the hillside slopes and usually
aligned along the strike of the rock formation. The softer rocks like phyllitic slates
exhibit such drainage. The trellis drainage pattern is well developed in the terraces and
lower most reaches of the valley. The majority of the area possesses a dendritic to sub-
dendritic drainage containing irregular branching of the smaller tributaries. The closeness
of these small branches is dependent on the permeability of the underlying rocks and the
amount and nature of precipitation. It is the most common drainage pattern of hillside
slopes of the study area.
5.3.1.2 Gross Radial, Local Annular
The radial drainage pattern is a characteristic feature of the high altitudinal zone
specially the summit surfaces. Lithologically, these areas are constituted by the resistant
and impervious rocks with steep slopes. The sub-parallel drainage pattern comprises a
series of streams which run approximately parallel to each other. They are evolved in
areas of uniformly dipping rocks.
5.3.1.3 Gross Sub-Parallel, Local Sub-Rectangular
The major river in the study area is ancestral in nature. The sinuosity, braiding and
meandering in the river course is generally noticed, although at some places, it is straight
and narrow. Due to increase of the drainage area and the discharge the river valley
becomes wider in downstream side with generally flattened gradient.
5.4 HYDROLOGICAL DATA OF RIVER TOSH -PARBATI
The study of hydrology for the project involves the study of the flow data available at
various G & D sites and the consistency check of the flow data for establishing a long-
term water flow series for the purpose of the project planning and also to evolve design
flood and diversion flood. The hydrological data presented in Table 5.2.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 95
Figure 5.4: Drainage Map of Free Draining Catchment
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 96
5.4.1 Water Availability
(a) 90% and 50% availability
The discharge data being observed by HPSEB/NHPC Ltd has been tabulated and the
discharge at diversion site has been calculated by applying the catchment area factor.
The Combined (Tosh and Parbati River) availability has been tabulated which reveals
that the 90% and 50% water availability on Combined Discharge is 12.53 cumec &
25.47cumec respectively. However the design discharge 74.98 cumec will be available
for 24.08% time of the year. When we compare this to other projects of HPPCL like
Sainj Hydroelectric project the dependability or availability of the design discharge (28.6
cumec) of the Sainj HEP 100 MW is 20.92%. Thus the scheme ensures the better water
availability (Figure 5.5. and 5.6.).
Figure 5.5: Pattern of Flows in a 90% Dependable & 50% Mean Year
Figure 5.6: Pattern of Flows in a 50% Dependable & 50% Mean Year
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 97
(b) Combined Flow Series of Parbati and Tosh Nallah
The discharge data of these rivulets has further been added to obtain combined flow
series available to power generation from Parbati river, Tosh nallah and a complete
water series is given in Table 5.2 for Fifteen years.
Table 5.2: Average 10 Daily Discharge (cumec) of River Tosh + Parbati at El 2964
MONTH PERIOD 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-
76
1976-
77 1977-78 1978-79
JUN
I 111.43 55.40 98.18 52.80 65.98 95.34 235.12 99.88
II 116.46 60.32 223.16 112.41 97.68 75.38 29.65 102.35
III 116.21 87.35 178.95 86.44 92.84 113.69 98.43 95.98
JULY
I 125.65 122.51 176.15 133.61 97.78 145.37 216.59 203.66
II 137.81 141.42 155.04 222.77 194.33 178.56 215.38 207.27
III 152.01 139.26 84.19 224.35 149.71 210.62 194.95 262.18
AUGUST
I 102.05 146.76 147.10 193.02 193.18 192.73 191.22 203.65
II 34.54 134.39 155.04 167.38 227.45 164.23 119.69 207.64
III 38.12 105.72 137.80 174.20 169.80 114.73 77.68 170.18
SEPTEMBER
I 39.62 93.15 119.22 101.21 120.48 88.14 63.84 149.43
II 36.29 69.81 87.23 63.37 86.95 73.12 49.27 75.55
III 35.02 43.53 48.23 56.57 66.81 63.59 45.19 45.19
OCTOBER
I 33.22 31.28 28.82 32.65 40.53 43.99 74.64 41.94
II 31.52 29.49 27.34 31.49 34.86 40.18 38.13 39.03
III 27.79 26.44 26.38 25.12 36.34 36.45 36.42 35.67
NOVEMBER
I 27.35 23.27 26.60 24.00 25.85 26.40 28.77 31.46
II 24.73 24.51 26.65 20.64 21.35 20.83 23.60 25.94
III 21.95 19.72 26.27 25.99 19.20 20.22 20.36 20.59
DECEMBER
I 20.88 18.42 21.69 17.71 17.74 19.79 20.02 19.82
II 19.03 17.77 19.69 17.07 16.39 19.22 19.69 17.99
III 18.43 16.81 18.21 16.96 14.67 18.27 17.28 16.46
JANUARY
I 18.28 18.22 9.89 10.27 15.51 16.14 15.99 15.76
II 17.80 17.31 14.72 9.79 15.11 14.48 15.30 14.91
III 15.60 16.34 14.82 9.23 13.69 12.81 13.59 13.69
FEBRUARY
I 14.64 16.60 14.18 12.55 13.06 12.37 12.56 12.44
II 14.58 17.62 12.91 12.13 12.34 11.89 11.96 12.09
III 14.98 17.29 13.44 12.38 12.27 11.65 11.73 11.80
MARCH
I 17.52 20.06 13.44 13.07 12.78 11.77 11.77 11.68
II 20.07 21.83 13.40 12.75 13.40 12.18 11.96 12.09
III 22.55 23.42 16.24 12.94 15.55 12.88 12.62 12.51
APRIL
I 24.62 30.45 17.43 18.47 18.22 14.19 14.23 13.01
II 27.04 38.42 18.81 25.58 20.73 13.01 16.09 14.59
III 28.48 84.54 26.71 10.87 25.15 15.19 20.42 17.72
MAY
I 29.30 106.72 48.67 14.10 28.82 15.91 34.35 21.57
II 36.36 73.54 45.47 25.13 41.79 19.05 60.79 23.46
III 45.58 72.33 35.82 22.05 43.84 33.95 92.60 32.44
UNE
I 134.01 52.41 55.11 46.69 37.33 121.57 105.54 32.27
II 98.87 65.48 87.70 76.52 38.88 111.40 83.31 72.65
III 211.56 151.20 151.70 67.26 61.82 157.05 109.68 187.46
JULY
I 180.10 164.47 193.11 104.71 104.48 174.13 100.68 172.92
II 211.56 175.02 230.56 129.50 71.72 96.40 156.18 222.91
III 209.47 217.55 232.69 175.69 171.45 162.55 152.91 215.34
AUGUST
I 213.74 233.19 214.31 175.42 268.00 257.48 240.97 216.58
II 201.69 143.49 207.38 214.72 174.13 266.50 256.39 161.98
III 183.42 90.95 131.36 131.07 114.44 237.39 232.71 150.83
SEPTEMBER
I 153.31 70.33 77.42 114.61 120.22 132.65 141.55 141.88
II 99.61 60.89 48.10 73.75 83.20 81.36 105.14 80.42
III 62.10 51.45 44.73 50.18 47.31 36.18 66.90 67.27
OCTOBER
I 45.29 50.73 38.51 33.20 26.33 24.27 71.27 45.20
II 43.21 45.36 36.03 25.62 24.16 20.39 43.42 37.22
III 36.99 35.54 30.07 21.25 19.50 18.43 24.72 24.89
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 98
NOVEMBER
I 31.77 32.29 29.09 19.16 18.61 18.24 22.05 28.83
II 22.08 26.85 26.44 18.43 19.01 17.87 19.63 27.98
III 19.82 22.49 23.00 18.02 18.24 16.59 16.92 27.74
DECEMBER
I 20.22 20.94 20.58 14.92 15.86 15.46 16.07 22.50
II 17.69 18.05 18.36 14.58 14.63 14.91 15.01 20.04
III 16.48 16.88 17.18 14.37 14.22 14.19 14.64 19.39
JANUARY
I 15.95 16.63 16.17 14.08 14.15 14.48 14.42 19.77
II 14.70 15.47 15.07 14.14 14.12 13.92 14.00 18.73
III 13.01 13.66 12.94 13.83 13.61 13.80 13.93 16.61
FEBRUARY
I 12.35 12.82 13.04 13.32 13.18 13.13 13.38 16.77
II 12.06 13.13 13.12 13.59 12.93 12.90 13.74 17.13
III 11.77 13.06 13.13 16.07 12.83 12.88 13.47 16.90
MARCH
I 12.16 13.04 13.48 15.31 13.65 13.57 13.87 17.24
II 12.06 13.13 14.01 15.14 13.24 14.38 14.37 19.78
III 12.38 13.91 14.37 15.24 15.29 14.17 12.88 18.44
APRIL
I 13.37 14.48 16.08 16.86 14.98 14.48 12.31 20.35
II 14.78 15.38 16.89 16.95 16.78 15.35 15.60 20.84
III 17.07 17.86 17.95 19.05 18.91 18.02 17.71 27.88
MAY
I 21.31 23.27 17.46 21.80 30.41 18.65 23.82 29.92
II 24.96 26.71 18.71 24.52 35.51 27.71 36.13 27.61
III 44.08 41.85 19.61 27.85 63.06 60.23 28.58 64.48
JUN
I 44.93 51.34 93.06 134.16 85.29 47.07 59.50 69.05
II 47.93 73.20 86.29 115.96 112.72 67.28 76.99 66.20
III 62.15 183.90 63.34 165.21 121.60 98.79 108.39 110.09
JULY
I 83.92 172.42 94.88 138.32 149.85 118.09 142.73 134.96
II 127.76 201.47 131.30 150.15 159.76 148.51 169.65 140.19
III 172.44 196.17 149.31 163.87 155.52 137.31 174.41 137.03
AUGUST
I 177.68 169.71 124.67 174.85 139.36 111.49 166.47 134.11
II 214.61 165.77 127.38 139.06 113.30 95.45 167.16 122.20
III 238.39 155.47 124.38 105.41 124.19 103.69 169.81 102.24
SEPTEMBER
I 224.12 128.87 108.65 86.76 134.57 93.01 69.65 85.34
II 164.98 105.39 86.48 77.78 127.32 65.69 41.67 59.15
III 106.94 118.85 76.88 78.66 101.71 55.80 27.60 38.00
OCTOBER
I 55.98 60.87 62.64 74.99 77.15 43.78 22.92 28.94
II 36.37 39.65 55.08 70.91 47.83 36.08 21.33 26.50
III 31.51 31.52 49.23 64.50 35.57 32.39 19.57 22.01
NOVEMBER
I 28.66 29.23 43.12 59.66 27.16 28.83 18.97 19.88
II 24.97 26.47 41.31 56.46 24.04 25.24 17.77 18.27
III 23.12 25.62 33.67 44.77 20.70 21.60 16.26 16.21
DECEMBER
I 19.69 22.41 27.14 32.59 16.21 21.91 15.91 15.06
II 19.08 21.71 21.59 27.66 14.89 20.84 15.14 13.44
III 18.74 21.45 15.45 21.47 13.85 19.09 14.07 12.30
JANUARY
I 18.39 20.98 13.78 19.79 13.15 16.73 13.28 11.55
II 18.05 18.74 13.64 18.34 9.80 16.32 11.86 11.06
III 17.20 18.83 14.39 17.39 9.91 16.32 11.12 10.27
FEBRUARY
I 19.52 18.07 14.24 17.25 12.08 15.55 10.57 9.72
II 15.78 17.66 14.52 19.28 11.39 15.58 9.45 8.02
III 15.90 17.59 14.35 19.57 12.18 14.95 9.91 6.13
MARCH
I 16.87 17.60 15.41 18.08 15.03 16.07 11.23 6.85
II 17.18 23.62 16.12 15.69 18.70 16.98 13.38 7.06
III 16.96 18.19 18.91 18.09 20.21 18.49 14.76 10.49
APRIL
I 18.12 18.94 18.55 20.29 21.35 20.10 16.21 12.65
II 26.06 19.61 18.40 18.53 22.86 22.79 14.43 13.53
III 29.73 19.98 21.63 26.04 27.66 130.55 19.79 18.49
MAY
I 36.09 21.95 27.49 32.12 27.29 420.78 25.00 22.98
II 46.29 22.61 85.34 39.92 35.89 36.30 26.04 50.30
III 45.49 41.96 105.07 41.67 41.98 46.82 50.87 40.14
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 99
5.5 WATER USE
5.5.1 Upstream Water Use
The Nakthan hydro-electric schemes are based on non-consumptive use of water. There
does not exist either any industry or any lift/flow irrigation or water supply scheme that
utilizes the direct flow of river Tosh or Parbati. Besides all flow irrigation schemes (FIS)
and water supply schemes on the upstream of the project take water from the local Nallas
and springs respectively and thus are not dependent upon the discharge of the River Tosh
and Parbati.
5.5.2 Downstream Water Use
There are numerous hill torrents/streams as shown in Table 5.3 which join it from either
of the flanks and no direct use of water was noticed in the study area.
Table 5.11 : Details showing Nallas joining with River Parbati & Tosh Nalla
downstream of Barrages
S.No. Name of Nallas Location Month of
Observation
Discharge
observed in
m3/sec
Remarks
A) On Parbati river (Proposed Barrage axis to TRT outlet)
1 Bakar Khol Nalla Near Barrage
Axis (Nihara
Thach)
10/2013 0.80 Joins
Parbati
river on left
bank
11/2013 0.50
12/2013 0.47
2 Shella Nalla Near
Kheerganga
10/2013 0.55 -do-
11/2013 0.30
12/2013 0.28
3 Choti ka Nalla Upstream
Nakthan
Village
10/2013 0.35 -do-
11/2013 0.15
12/2013 0.13
4 Rudarnag Nalla -do- 10/2013 0.30 Meets
Parbati
river on
right bank
11/2013 0.10
12/2013 0.08
B) On Tosh Nalla (Barrage axis to lip of reservoir on Tosh)
5 Maru Khud Nalla At Wanshil
Thach
10/2013 0.10 Join Tosh
on right
bank 11/2013 0.10
12/2013 0.08
6 Maskar Nalla Near Kutla 10/2013 0.45 -do-
11/2013 0.44
12/2013 0.40
7 Jirah Nalla Near Tosh
Village
10/2013 0.50 -do-
11/2013 0.45
12/2013 0.40
Though immediately d/s of barrage and up to Parbati II dam area there is no direct
consumptive use of water of river Parbati either for industry or in irrigation/water supply
scheme, yet there exist a few flow irrigation schemes which take off from the hill
streams that drain into the catchment downstream of the proposed diversion barrage. In
view of the fact that the cultivable area is limited in the hilly terrain, minor irrigation
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 100
schemes, mainly small section khules and sprinkler irrigation, are generally practiced.
Due to high elevation and the low evapo-transpiration, the net irrigation water
requirement is also insignificant.
The general altitude of the cultivable area varies between El 1900 m to 2200 m, and the
agro-climatic condition in the area is congenial for production of crops like potato,
ginger, and off-season vegetable and fruits like apple and chuli besides conventional
wheat in Rabi season. The water requirement for irrigation is comparatively
inconsequential as compared to the flow/yield of the streams from which kul/gul system
off takes and thus not withstanding their existence there is no significant decrease in
discharge of these streams.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 101
CHAPTER-6
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
6.1 General
The proposed run-off-river Nakthan HEP of 460 MW is an immediate upstream
development of Parbati Stage-II HEP (800 MW) of NHPC utilizing water of Parbati
river and Tosh Nalla, a tributary of Parbati river. The project requires a total land area of
97.67 Ha that consists of forest 80.56 Ha. and 17.208 Ha private land. Of the total land
an area 5.0 ha have been proposed to be submerged for barrage. And also, river section
length of 7.50Km in Tosh 9.50km in Parbati is proposed to be diverted from barrage site
to powerhouse site for power generation. Biological environment comprises of all living
creatures of the studied area. The biological study of the area was carried out to
understand the ecological status, to generate baseline information and to predict the
probable impacts due to the proposed project on the biological environment. Therefore, a
detailed survey was conducted in the project area to collect the baseline information on
terrestrial and aquatic bio-diversity within 10 km radius from the dam site.
6.2 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
6.2.1 Forest Types of the Study Area
Himachal Pradesh situated in the western Himalaya has 14,369 km2 forests cover (1.97%
very dense forests, 14.07% moderately dense forest, 9.77% open forest and 0.69% scrub.
Vegetation in the state is predominantly influenced by elevation and precipitation.
According to the classification given by Champion and Seth (1968), there are 35 forest
types in Himachal Pradesh.
The project area falls under Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests distributed in the
temperate Zone, chiefly dominated by the conifers, main tree species are Deodar, Fir,
Spruce, Alder, Poplar and Walnut. The habitat quality has been reported to be reduced in
some areas with high resource extraction in terms of firewood resulting into habitat
conversion and encroachment, particularly in the apple- growing belt. Sub-Alpine and
Alpine Forests -distributed in the Alpine zone (above 3,000 m) is ecologically very
important, as it is in these areas that the rivers originate from the glaciers. Vegetation is
mostly herbs and shrubs with occasional trees of the temperate zone. Major species
observed include Birch, Juniper, Willow, Artemisia, Podophyllum hexandrum, Kutki,
Atis etc. Narrow gorges and valleys have higher moisture availability and support
broadleaf forest whereas coniferous forests are confined to drier regions on the ridges in
the project area. Secondary scrub is found mainly in the subtropical and lower-temperate
zone where human activities such as overgrazing or cultivation. Slope grasses occur on
the southern aspects on very steep slopes. Riverine forest occurs in subtropical and
temperate zones and mapping of these forests was difficult because of the shadow. These
occur in very narrow belts along streams. Subtropical Riverain have Prunus sp., Pyrus
sp., Girardinia sp. and Berberis sp., which dominate the community. The project area is
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 102
rich in medicinal plants. The scruby plants provide shelter to Chukors, Partridges, Red
Jungle Fowl and Kaleej pheasant – common bird species along the slopes. Musk Deer,
Barking Deer, Snow Cock, Ibex, Himalayan Tahr, Snow Leopard, Monal, Cheer
Pheasant, Kalij, Koklas, Black Bear, and Western Tragopanan are the important faunal
species reported from the above forest types.
6.2.2 Flora of the Project Area
The field survey to conduct studies for baseline data were made using standard methods
for which the sampling sites were selected based on topography and floristic
composition within the study area. The various aspects such as density, frequency and
abundance of species of trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses were assessed. Plants of
economical species, medicinal use and endangered species were also listed as a part of
the study to assess the structure and function and the impact due to proposed
intervention. The details of sampling sites for floral assessment are given in the Table
6.1.
Table 6.1: Sampling points for the terrestrial flora and fauna in the study area of Nakthan
HEP
Sl. No. Sampling Points Latitude Longitude Altitude
(m)
Barrage /upstream site
Site-1 Left Bank of Tosh Nalla N 32⁰00'59.3" E 077⁰27'32.7" 2495
Site-2 Right Bank of Tosh Nalla N 32⁰01'33.6" E 077⁰27'55.3" 2605
Site-3 Left Bank of Parbati River N 31⁰59'57.6" E 077⁰27'6.3" 2270
Site-4 Right Bank of Parbati River N 32⁰00'11.5" E 077⁰28'48.4" 2650
Diversion Point
Site-5 Diversion point at Tosh
Nalla N 32⁰00'59.3" E 077⁰27'32.7" 2495
Site-6 Diversion point at Parbati
River N 31⁰59'39.1" E 077⁰30'54.2" 2850
Power House Site and down stream
Site-7 Power house site N 31⁰54'25.1" E 077⁰32'14.5" 2456
Site-8 Right Bank of power house
site N 31⁰59'58.6" E 077⁰27'22.5" 2310
A total of 329 species, under 217 genera, were recorded belonging to 77 families viz.10
Pteridophytes, 3 Gymnosperms and 64 Angiosperms (9 Monocots and 55 Dicots
families). The maximum species recorded in the study area falls in the family Poaceae
and Asteraceae followed by Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae,
Cyperaceae and Polygonaceae (Table 6.3). These eight dominant families, having 159
species, constitute the 48.33% of the total floristic composition of the study area. 13
dominant genera (Table 6.4) with 60 species compose 18.23% part of total species of
this area. 19 families were recorded as monotypic family (Table 1 of Aappendix I). The
plant diversity includes 23 tree, 35 Shrubs and 245 herb species.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 103
Table 6.2: Status of Plant Diversity at the Study Site of Nakhthan HEP
Division Family Genera Species
Angiosperms Dicots 55 153 238
Monocots 9 44 65
Gymnosperms 3 6 8
Pteridophytes 10 14 18
Total 77 217 329
Table 6.3: Dominant family of the study area
S. No. Name of Family No. of species No. of Genera
1 Asteraceae 34 24
2 Poaceae 34 28
3 Rosaceae 22 11
4 Fabaceae 17 8
5 Lamiaceae 16 12
6 Ranunculaceae 14 6
7 Cyperaceae 12 4
8 Polygonaceae 10 5
Total 159 98
Table 6.4: Dominant Genera of the study area
S. No. Name of Genera Name of Family No. of species
1 Impatiens Balsaminaceae 6
2 Clematis Ranunculaceae 6
3 Salix Salicaceae 6
4 Arisaema Araceae 5
5 Rubus Rosaceae 5
6 Acer Aceraceae 4
7 Artemisia Asteraceae 4
8 Gnaphalium Asteraceae 4
9 Berberis Berberidaceae 4
10 Cyperus Cyperaceae 4
11 Desmodium Fabaceae 4
12 Indigofera Fabaceae 4
13 Polygonum Polygonaceae 4
Total 60
6.2.3 Phytosociological Analysis
Phytosociological Analysis is based on the Vegetational analysis carried out in the study
area of Nakthan HEP during pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter. The detail assessments
of the vegetation at various sites of are presented in Tables 2 to 41 in Appendix II.
6.2.3.1 Vegetation composition in the study area along the barrage site, upstream
and influence area along the left bank of Tosh Nalla
TREES: A total of 24 tree species were recorded from the barrage site upstream and
influence area in the left Bank of Tosh Nalla, of which Picea smithiana a gymnosperm
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 104
dominated followed by Juglans regia and Abies spectabilis as co-dominant tree species
on the basis of their respective IVI values (Table 2 in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: Shrub community recorded 24 species of which 10 species were of trees
saplings. Among the tree saplings Indigofera gerardiana, Viburnum nervosum and
Cotoneaster capillaris dominated the community. Among the shrub species Desmodium
elegans, Spiraea canescens, Berberis chitria and Rubus niveus dominated the
community with maximum IVI value. However, Berberis umbellata, Rosa macrophylla
and Clematis graveolens recorded with least IVI value (Table 3 in Appendix I).
HERBS
Pre-monsoon: Herb layer recorded 50 (43herbs + 7 seedlings of shrubs and trees)
species of which, Trifolium pretense followed by Arctium lappa and Salvia
moorcroftiana (seedling of shrub), Oxalis corniculata, Rumex nepalensis, Anthoxanthum
odoratum and Poa annua dominated the herbaceous community. Species such as
Dioscorea sceleratus, Melothria heterophylla and Hypericum perforatum recorded as
least dominant (Table 4 in Appendix I).
Monsoon: During monsoon a maximum of 72 (68 herbs + 4 seedlings of shrubs and
trees) herb species of which Senecio chrysanthemoides recorded dominant followed by
Fragaria vesca and Polygonum amplexicaulis on the basis of their IVI values. Species
such as Clematis vestitum, Heliotropium strigosum and Asparagus filicinus recorded
least dominant (Table 5 in Appendix I).
Winter: A total of 44 (36 herbs + 8 seedlings of shrubs and trees) species were recorded
of which, Senecio chrysanthemoides dominated followed by Eriophorum comosum,
Viola canescens, Artemisia scoparia and Trifolium pretense. Malva parviflora, Apluda
mutica, Euphorbia geniculata and Agrimonia pilosa were reported least dominant
species on the basis of their IVI values (Table 6 in Appendix I).
6.2.3.2 Vegetation composition in the study area along the barrage site, upstream
and influence area along the right bank of Tosh Nalla
TREES: A total of 13 tree species were recorded of which Acer caesium dominated the
community followed by Ulmus villosa, Picea smithiana, Populus ciliata and Cedrus
deodara on the basis of their respective IVI values. Pinus wallichiana, Prunus cornuta
and Sorbaria tomentosa rerecorded least dominant tree species (Table 7 in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: A total of 17-shrub species recorded, of which 7 were saplings of trees. The
tree saplings of Indigofera gerardiana, Sorbaria tomentosa, Cotoneaster bacillaris and
Viburnum nervosum reworded dominant with maximum IVI value. Among the shrub
species Desmodium elegans followed by Elsholtzia fruticosa, Salix tetrasperma,
Berberis glaucocarpa and Spiraea canescens dominated the community (Table 8 in
Appendix I).
HERBS
Pre-monsoon: A total of 29 (28 herbs + 1 seedlings of shrubs and trees) were recorded,
of which Trifolium pratense recorded most dominant followed by Arisaema intermedium
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 105
and Duchesnea indica. The least dominant species include Origanum vulgare, Roscoea
alpina, Dioscorea deltoidea and Clematis buchananiana (Table 9 in Appendix I).
Monsoon: During monsoon 44 (41 herbs + 3 seedlings of shrubs and trees) herb species
were recorded. Poa annua, Senecio chrysanthemoides, Fagopyrum esculentum,
Scrophularia himalensis and Arisaema costatum recorded with maximum IVI dominated
the community on the basis of their respective IVI values. (Table 10 in Appendix I)
Winter: A total of 47 (41 herbs + 6 seedlings of shrubs and trees) species recorded, of
which Eriophorum comosum dominated the community followed by Fagopyrum
esculentum, Artemisia scoparia, Senecio chrysanthemoides, and Apluda mutica on the
basis of their respective IVI values (Table 11 in Appendix I).
6.2.3.3 Vegetation composition in the study area along barrage site, upstream and
influence area on the left bank Parbati River
TREES: A total of 12 trees species were recorded of which, Picea smithiana dominated
the community followed by Abies spectabilis, Juglans regia and Abies pindrow on the
basis of their respective IVI values. However, Ulmus villosa, Acer caudatum and Pinus
roxburghii recorded least dominant (Table 12 in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: Shrub layer recorded 11 species of which 5 species of tree saplings. Tree
saplings of Viburnum nervosum Abies spectabilis and Indigofera gerardiana dominated
with maximum IVI followed by Staphylea emodi, Lonicera angustifolia, Hedera
nepalensis, Rosa macrophylla and Cissus repanda recorded dominant shrub species
(Table 13 in Appendix I).
HERBS
Pre-monsoon: During this season, 35 herb species with 6 seedlings of woody species
were recorded, of which Trifolium pretense, Cirsium wallichii, Fimbristylis sp., Mentha
longifolia and Rumex nepalensis with maximum IVI value (Table 14 in Appendix I).
Monsoon: During monsoon, 38 herb species and seedlings of 4 woody species recorded
with dominance of Fragaria vesca followed by Arisaema intermedium and Viola
canescens as co-dominant species (Table 15 in Appendix I).
Winter: The study area recorded dominance of Inula cappa followed by Rumex
nepalensis and Galium aparine among total 36 species including Rubus lasiocarpus as a
seedling (Table 16 in Appendix I).
6.2.3.4 Vegetation composition in the study area along barrage site, upstream and
influence area along the right bank Parbati River
TREES: A total of 20 trees species were recorded of which, Picea smithiana dominated
maximum value of IVI followed by Ulmus villosa and Corylus colurna. Pinus
roxburghii, Acer caudatum and Ilex dipyrena recorded least dominant species (Table 17
in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: Shrub layer recorded 17 species shrub has been recorded including 8 species
of saplings of trees. Tree saplings of Viburnum nervosum recorded dominant species
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 106
followed by Sorbaria tomentosa and Indigofera gerardiana. Among the shrubs
Desmodium elegans, Spiraea canescens, Elsholtzia fruticosa and Buddleja utilis
recorded dominant species on the basis of their respective IVI values (Table 18 in
Appendix I).
HERBS
Pre-monsoon: Fragaria vesca recorded with maximum IVI value among the 38 herb
species, followed by Agrimonia pilosa, Strobilanthes atropurpureus and Cirsium
wallichii. 4 seedlings of woody species were also observed. Clematis Montana and
Cyathula tomentosa recorded the least dominant herb species on the basis of their
respective IVI values (Table 19 in Appendix I).
Monsoon: During monsoon, 56 herb species including seedlings of 8 woody species
were recorded with dominance of Fragaria vesca followed by Cirsium wallichii, Rumex
nepalensis and Trifolium pretense on the basis of their respective IVI values (Table 20 in
Appendix I).
Winter: Winter season 52 species were recorded with 5 seedlings of trees/srubs of
which Trifolium pretense followed by of Salvia moorcroftiana, Arisaema utile and
Arisaema intermedium are the dominant species on the basis of their respective IVI
values (Table 21 in Appendix I).
6.2.3.5 Vegetation composition in the study area along the diversion point and
influence area Tosh Nalla
TREES: A total 15 tree species were recorded at Tosh Nalla Diversion Point, among
which Abies spectabilis dominated the tree community followed by Pinus wallichiana
and Picea smithiana (Table 22 in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: A total 13 shrub species were recorded at Tosh Nalla Diversion Point, among
which 6 were saplings of trees. Saplings of Cotoneaster capillaris dominated the shrubs
community followed by saplings of Indigofera gerardiana and Elsholtzia fruticosa (Table
23 in Appendix I).
HERBS
Pre-monsoon: A total of 37 herbaceous species were recorded of which Fragaria vesca
dominated the herb community followed by Viola canescens and Oplismenus burmannii.
However out of total 37 fopund species, 10 were seedlings of woody species (Table 24
in Appendix I).
Monsoon: The study area recorded a maximum of 57 species of which 5 were seedlings
of woody species. Fragaria vesca was the most dominant herb species followed by
Trifolium pretense and Cyperus cuspidatus (Table 25 in Appendix I).
Winter: During the winter season a total of 50 species were recorded of which 6 were
seedlings of woody species. Arisaema utile with maximum IVI value dominated this
sub-site followed by seedling of Salvia moorcroftiana, Trifolium pratense and Arisaema
intermedium (Table 26 in Appendix I).
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 107
6.2.3.6 Vegetation composition in the study area of diversion site and influence
area - Parbati River
TREES: A total 11 tree species were recorded at Parbati River Diversion Point, among
which Abies spectabilis dominated the trees followed by Taxus baccata and Acer
caudatum which existed as co-dominating tree species (Table 27 in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: A total of 9 shrub species were recorded of which only two species namely
Rosa macrophylla and Elsholtzia fruticosa were shrubs and the rest were saplings of
trees. Of which Viburnum nervosum dominated the community followed by Hippophae
salicifolia and Pinus wallichiana (Table 28in Appendix I).
HERBS
Pre-monsoon: In case of herbs, a total of 26 herbaceous species were recorded of which
2 shrub seedling species (Rubus lasiocarpus and Impatiens cristata). Trifolium pretense
followed by Rumex nepalensis and Galium aparine were the dominant herb community
species on the basis of IVI (Table 29 in Appendix I).
Monsoon: A total of 36 species were recorded of which 3 species Salvia moorcroftiana
and Viburnum nervosum were seedlings of woody species. Arisaema intermedium being
dominant species recorded maximum IVI value followed by Fragaria vesca, Trifolium
pretense and Rumex nepalensis (Table 30 in Appendix I).
Winter: Viola canescens was recorded as the dominant species during winter among 33
recorded species of which 5 species were seedlings of trees and shrubs. Fragaria vesca
and seedlings of Salvia moorcroftiana were recorded co-dominant species (Table 31 in
Appendix I).
6.2.3.7 Vegetation composition in the study area of right bank of Parbati River-
Power House Site
TREES: A total of 11 tree species were recorded from this site, of which Taxus baccata
dominated followed by Abies spectabilis and Acer caudatum recorded as co-dominant
species on the basis of IVI (Table 32 in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: -Indigofera gerardiana (sapling) followed by Desmodium elegans and
Plectranthus rugosus were the dominant species among the 21 shrub species recorded
from this site. However, of these 21 species 6 were saplings of tree species (Table 33 in
Appendix I).
HERBS
Pre-monsoon: In case of herbs, a total of 43 herbaceous species were recorded of which
Cenchrus ciliaris dominated followed by Desmodium tiliaefolium and Neyraudia
arundinacea as co-dominant herbaceous species. Of these species recorded 6 were the
seedlings of woody species (Table 34 in Appendix I).
Monsoon: A total of 89 herbaceous species including seedlings of 7 woody species were
recorded from the site. Chenopodium album was found dominant species on the basis of
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 108
IVI, followed by Bromus japonicus and Oxalis corniculata as co-dominant species
(Table 35 in Appendix I).
Winter: During this season, a total of 61 species, including seedlings of 3 shrubs, were
recorded. Imperata cylindrica with maximum IVI value was recorded as the dominant
species followed by Erianthus rufipilum and Trifolium pratense as the co-dominant
species on the basis of IVI (Table 36 in Appendix I).
6.2.3.8 Vegetation composition in the study area of left bank of Parbati River-
Power House Site
TREES: A total 9 trees species were recorded along the left bank of Power House Site
of which Picea smithiana dominated followed by Aesculus indica and Viburnum
nervosum were co-dominating tree species (Table 37 in Appendix I).
SHRUBS: A total 7 species, including 5 tree seedlings, were recorded at left bank of
Power House Site. Of which, Desmodium elegans and Rosa macrophylla dominated the
community followed by Viburnum nervosum and Sorbaria tomentosa as co-dominant
species (Table 38 in Appendix I).
HERBS
Premonsoon:In case of herbs, a total of 31 herbaceous species were recorded, of which
Trifolium pratense was the dominant species. Among the herbaceous species 3 seedlings
of woody species were recorded. Strobilanthes atropurpureus and Rumex nepalensis
were the co-dominant herb species on the basis of IVI (Table 39 in Appendix I).
Monsoon: 39 species were recorded of which Anemone rivularis recorded dominant.
Among the herbaceous species 4 seedlings of woody species were recorded. Rumex
nepalensis and Cirsium wallichii were the co-dominant herb species (Table 40 in
Appendix I).
Winter: A total of 31 species were recorded winter season including one seedling. Inula
cappa the dominant species during winter season was followed by Themeda anathera
and Galium aparine as co-dominant during winter on the basis of IVI (Table 41 in
Appendix I).
6.2.3.9 Comparative Assessment of the Diversity Indices of the Vegetation
Composition
A comparison of diversity indices of the trees, shrubs and herbs in all the three seasons is
presented in Tables 6.4 and 6.5.
TREES: The maximum trees was recorded at the upstream of the Left bank of Tosh
Nalla (24) and Right Bank of Parbati river (20) whereas minimum richness recorded at
the left bank of power house site (9) and right bank of power house site (11). The value
of Shannon-Weiner Index (H) ranged between a maximum of 2.83 to a minimum of 1.62
however, the evenness (E) recorded indicates low pattern of distribution of trees i.e. 0.82
to 0.45 (Table 6.2).
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 109
SHRUBS: The maximum richness of shrubs was recorded at the left bank of Tosh Nalha
(24) and right bank of Power House Site (21) whereas the minimum density recorded at
the left bank of power house site (7) and Parbati river diversion point (9). The value of
Shannon-Weiner Index (H) ranged between a maximum of 2.60 to a minimum of 1.49
and the Evenness (E) recorded indicates low pattern of distribution of shrubs i.e. 0.88 to
0.51 (Table 6.5).
Table 6.5: Comparative assessment of tree and shrub species Richness, Shannon-
Weiner Index and eveness of the vegetation in the study area Nakhthan HEP
HERBS: The herbs recorded high species diversity in all the study site during all the
season however the evenness recorded low pattern community distribution (Table 6.6)
Table 6.6: Comparative assessment of herb species Richness, Shannon-Weiner
Index and eveness of the herbaceous vegetation in the study area Nakhthan HEP.
Name of Site Herbs
Premonsoon Monsoon Winter
R H’ E R H’ E R H’ E
Barrage site and upstream
Left Bank of Tosh Nallafg 50 3.581 0.718 72 3.611 0.514 44 3.467 0.728
Right Bank of Tosh Nalla 29 2.958 0.664 44 3.447 0.714 47 3.245 0.546
Left Bank of Parbati River 35 3.292 0.768 38 3.284 0.702 36 3.258 0.722
Right Bank of Parbati River 38 3.296 0.730 66 3.492 0.498 52 3.183 0.482
Diversion Site
Tosh Nalla Diversion Point 37 2.869 0.048 57 3.541 0.605 50 3.308 0.547
Parbati River Diversion Point 26 2.913 0.708 36 3.019 0.569 33 3.490 0.707
Power House Site
Right Bank of Power House Site 43 3.33 0.65 89
g
3.841 0.523 61 3.642 0.626
Left Bank of Power House Site 31 2.963 0.624 39 3.259 0.668 31 2.695 0.478
R=Richness, H’= Shannon-Weiner Index, E= Evenness
Name of Site TREES SHRUBS
R H’ E R H’ E
Barrage site, upstream
Left Bank of Tosh Nalla 24 2.832 0.708 24 2.601 0.562
Right Bank of Tosh Nalla 13 2.366 0.820 17 2.164 0.512
Left Bank of Parbbati River 12 2.242 0.785 11 2.157 0.786
Right Bank of Parbati River 20 2.166 0.723 17 2.207 0.535
Diversion Site
Tosh Nalla Diversion Point 15 2.342 0.694 13 2.438 0.881
Parbati River Diversion Point 11 1.619 0.459 9 1.699 0.607
Power House Sit, Down stream
Right Bank of Power House Site 11 2.024 0.688 21 2.43 0.541
Left Bank of Power House Site 9 1.618 0.561 7 1.49 0.63
R=Richness, H’= Shannon-Weiner Index, E= Evenness
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 110
The maximum richness 89 was recorded during monsoon at Right Bank of Power House
Site and minimum 26 during pre-monsoon at Parbati River Diversion Point. The value of
Shannon-Weiner Index (H) ranged between 3.58 to 2.86, 3.84 to 3.01 and 3.49 to 2.69
during pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter season respectively. Evenness (E) ranged
between 0.76 to 0.47, 0.71 to 0.49 and 0.72 to 0.47 during pre-monsoon, monsoon and
winter season respectively (Table 6.6).
6.2.4 Economically and Ethno-Botanically important species
A total of 80 species were recorded as economically and ethno-botanically important
species of which 22 were edible, 15 fodders, 47 medicinal and aromatic, 7 timber, 2 fuel
wood, 6 ornamental, 4 spice and condiments, and few are of religious and spiritual
importance (Table 42 of Appendix I). Among the medicinal plants species such as
Atish/Patish (Aconitum heterophyllum), Karu (Picrorhiza kurrooa), Bankakiri
(Podophyllum hexandrum), are commercially exploited by the people in and around
parbati valley, which is dwindling with natural populations largely. The valley also falls
in the apple orchard zone and thus, people do not show keen interest for the cultivation
of the medicinal plants. Catchment area receives good rainfall and moist conditions
favour good vegetation growth. There are extensive grasslands above the tree line and
below snow line. During summer, grazing is very common. Medicinal plants are found
in abundance and ground flora is very rich i.e. Meconopsis, Aconitum and Podophyllum
etc. Trade in medicinal plant is most important activity in this area and is significantly
related to local economy i.e. from 0.54 to 2.92 lakhs per annum in Parbati Valley
(Shalini Vidyarthi, 2013). These species are exploited without any cultivation-
commercialisation. Plant species such as, Quercus spp, Alnus nitida, Ulmus villosa,
Ulmus wallichiana, Morus serrata, Celtis australis, etc. are collected as fodder and
majority of the people are dependent on these species for fuel wood.
6.2.5 Agriculture
The economy of the region is basically agriculture and more than 80% of the workers are
engaged in agricultural activities. Terrain in the region is undulating with varied agro-
climatic conditions. The texture of soil varies from sandy loam to clay loam and the
color of the soil varied from brown to dark brown. Generally the soil is acidic in nature
and the terrain except in valley undulating. Depth of the soil varied from 50 to 100 cm.
However, agro-climatic condition provides a range of potentialities for growing cash
crops. Wheat and potato cultivation, as a part of annual /cash crops in the past, has been
replaced with apple orchards in villages in Parbti Valley i.e. Nakthan, Tosh, Pulga. The
holdings are small and the production is very low. Cultivation is not possible by tractors
because the fields are small and terraced. The sources of irrigation are kuhls, lifts and
tanks where rainwater is stored. Development of horticulture occupies an important
place in the economy of the region. Agro-climatic conditions offer a great variety for the
production of temperate and sub tropical crops especially apple, peach, apricot, chestnut,
almonds, cherries, gooseberries and olive.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 111
6.2.6 Species requiring special attention for conservation
A total of 6 species have been recorded from various project sites require special
attention for conservation because of their status as included in the Red Data book and
Flora of Great Himalayan National Park (Table 6.7 underhere and Table 43 of Appendix
I).
Table 6.7: Species of conservation status recorded from the study area of Nakthan HEP
Name of species Category Mentioned In
IUCN Red
Data Book
Flora of Great Himalayn
National Park
Acer caesium Wallich ex Brandis Vulnerable -
Berberis chitria Edwards - Vulnerable
Dioscorea deltoidea Wallich ex
Grisebach
Vulnerable Rare
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle - Rare
Polygonatum verticillatum (L.)
Allioni
- Endangered
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch Endangered -
6.3 Faunal diversity
The baseline assessment in the study area recorded 3 species of mammals during survey
and 13 species of mammals from secondary sources that is spotted by local community,
forest department officials and published research materials during recent times. 312
birds, 6 reptiles and 4 amphibians were check listed in the catchment area. Out of which
3 mammals and 8 birds are enlisted in the Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972,
as the endangered animals. The baseline data on terrestrial fauna were collected from
area of 10 Km radius of the proposed project site using standard methods. The details of
sampling sites for faunal assessment are given in the Table 6.8.
Table 6.8: Sampling points for the terrestrial flora and fauna in the study area of
Nakthan HEP
Sl. No. Sampling Points Latitude Longitude Altitude (m)
Barrage /upstream site
Site-1 Left Bank of Tosh Nalla N 32⁰00'59.3" E 077⁰27'32.7" 2495
Site-2 Right Bank of Tosh Nalla N 32⁰01'33.6" E 077⁰27'55.3" 2605
Site-3 Left Bank of Parbati River N 31⁰59'57.6" E 077⁰27'6.3" 2270
Site-4 Right Bank of Parbati River N 32⁰00'11.5" E 077⁰28'48.4" 2650
Diversion Point
Site-5 Diversion point at Tosh
Nalla N 32⁰00'59.3" E 077⁰27'32.7" 2495
Site-6 Diversion point at Parbati
River N 31⁰59'39.1" E 077⁰30'54.2" 2850
Power House Site and down stream
Site-7 Power house site N 31⁰54'25.1" E 077⁰32'14.5" 2456
Site-8 Right Bank of power house
site N 31⁰59'58.6" E 077⁰27'22.5" 2310
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 112
6.3.1 Terrestrial Fauna
Four linear transects of 2 km each were chosen along the Influence Zone of Tosh Nalla
Right Bank, Tosh Nalla Left Bank, Diversion Site Tosh Nalla, Parbati Right Bank,
Parbati Left Bank, Power House Site, and Kheri Ganga Diversion Site. Each transects
was trekked for 2 h to 3 h for sampling animals using standard methods.
Butterflies
A total of 20 species of butterflies belonging to 4 families were recorded from the study
area (Table 1 of Appendix II). Most of the butterflies recorded from the study area are
representatives of high altitudinal species.
Figure 6.1: Over all butterfly diversity in the study area of Nakthan HEP
The dominant family recorded was Nymphalidae (10 sp.) followed by Lycaenidae (6
sp.). Over all high species richness of 44, 33 and 24 was recorded along Parbati river
right bank, Tosh Nalla right and left bank respectively whereas low species richness of
11 and 13 was recorded at diversion site Tosh Nalla and powerhouse site respectively
(Figure 6.1). The Shannon diversity recorded high during post monsoon in Parbati river
right bank followed by powerhouse site and Tosh nalla right bank (Figure 6.2).
Figure 6.2: Butterfly Shannan diversity during three seasons in the study area of
Nakthan HEP
13
22
44
11
24
33
0.818
0.839
0.959
0.747
1.01
0.845
Powerhouse site
Parbati barrgae/Upstream left bank
Parbati barrgae/Upstream right bank
Tosh diversion site
Tosh barrage /upstream left bank
Tosh barrage /upstream right bank
Species richness Diveristy index
0.89
0.92
0.85
1.21
0.97
0.89
0.24
0.31
0.21
0.27
0.24
0.19
1.57
1.76
0.98
1.38
1.59
1.72
Parbati barrgae/Upstream left bank
Parbati barrgae/Upstream right bank
Tosh diversion site
Tosh barrage /upstream left bank
Tosh barrage /upstream right bank
Powerhouse site
Premonsoon Monsoon Postmonsoon
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 113
Avifauna
Several birds were recorded, of which some species are endemic while the other are
migratory in nature. It is difficult to count the number of species and number of
individuals of species due to their mobile nature. Some of birds frequently observed in
and around study area are Sparrow, Blue Rock Pigeon, Swift Jungle Crow, Myna and
Spotted Dove. A total of 36 species of birds belonging to 12 families were recorded from
the study area (Table 2 of appendix II) and birds reported to be present in the study area
through secondary sources is given in Table 3 of appendix II. All species falls under
Schedule IV of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and none are listed as globally threatened
animals under IUCN Red list 2010.
High species richness of 36, 35 and 32 was recorded from Parbati river right bank, left
bank and Tosh Nalla right bank respectively whereas the lowest species richness of 17
and 19 was recorded from diversion site Tosh Nalla and Tosh Nalla left bank
respectively (Figure 6.3). The most commonly occurring birds in the study area are
Large-billed Crow, Black Chinned Babbler, Common Kestrel; Green Backed Tit and
Himalayan Blue Whistling Thrush. The diversity index obtained for birds in the study
area shows rich diversity.
Birds reported from the secondary source are given in Table 4 of appendix II. Two
pheasant species Tragopan melanocephalus and Catrus wallichii that were recorded
during the survey are declared as vulnerable in IUCN list.
Figure 6.3: Birds diversity in the study area of Nakthan HEP
Amphibians and Reptiles
Four amphibians and two reptile species namely Indian Rock Lizard and Monitor Lizard
were recorded from the study area. The Indian Rock Lizard was found abundant along
the right bank of Parbati River due to rocky habitat (Table 6.9).
21
35
36
17
19
32
1.257
1.419
1.474
1.152
1.21
1.349
Powerhouse site
Parbati barrgae/Upstream left bank
Parbati barrgae/Upstream right bank
Tosh diversion site
Tosh barrage /upstream left bank
Tosh barrage /upstream right bank
Species richness Diveristy index
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 114
Table 6.9: List of amphibians and reptiles recorded from the study area of Nakthan
HEP Sl. No Common Name
Scientific Name
IUCN
Status
Parbati
Left Bank
Parbati
Right
Bank
Ambhibians
1 Rana cynanophlyctis + +
2 Rana limnocharis +
3 Amolops himalayanus + +
4 Bufo melanostictus Schneider +
Reptiles
1 Indian Rock Lizard
(Psammophilus dorsalis)
Least
concern
+ +
2 Monitor Lizard
(Varanus varanus)
Least
concern
+
Mammals
Mammals reported to be observed include monkey, wild cat, bear, leopard, barking deer.
Other mammals of this region include jackals, squirrels, rats, etc. A total of 3 mammals
belonging to 3 families were recorded from the study area. Among three mammals one
was recorded through direct sighting and two mammals through indirect sighting.
Among direct sighting Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta was found common than
Hanuman Langur Semnopithecus entellus in the study area (Table 6.10). Indian Jackals
were spotted near agriculture fields and other habitation in the study area.
Table 6.10: List of mammals observed from the study area of Nakthan HEP
Sl. No Common Name Scientific Name IUCN
Status
Parbati
Left
Bank
Parbati
Right
Bank
Indirect sighting
1 Jackal Canis aureus Least
concern
*
Direct Sighting
2 Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Least
concern
+ +
3 Hanuman Langur Semnopithecus
entellus
Least
concern
+ +
Mammals reported to be observed from the study area by the local community and state
forest department given in Table 4 of appendix II.
6.4 Aquatic Fauna
Aquatic faunal diversity in the study area showed low aquatic diversity due to freezing
temperature, torrent flow and heterogeneous substratum that consists of rocks, boulders,
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 115
cobbles, gravels and lesser amount of sand. The planktonic population the stream is
inherently poor due to constant change in water flow, habitat structure and low
temperature conditions. Therefore, the study area has insignificant role to play in
ecological niche. Stream geomorphology was also carried out as per the criteria
described in River Geomorphology by Rosgen (1996). The detail geomorphology of the
river Parbati and its streams falling in the project submergence zone and influence zone
is depicted in Table 6.11 & 6.12.
Table 6.11: Geomorphology of the Tosh Nalla and Its streams in
Project Influenced Area
Sites River/Stream Gradient (%
Slope) &
Stream type
Substratum with
stream/river morphology
Habitats El., Long, Lat.
Dam Site
I Diversion dam site
Tosh Nalla, d/s
confluence of
Trichu & Dalali nal
at Ahnt thach
>4%, and
Category A
Substratum is rocky with
large boulders and rocks
whereas cobbles, gravels and
sand present in lesser
amount and restricted to the
banks. Fluvial
geomorphology.
Cascade and Rapids
habitat is common
followed by step
polls. Valley is deep
and narrow.
Near Dam site
2930 m,
32o02.729‟/
077o29.115‟
Upstream of proposed Dam Site
II Trichu Nal, u/s
Ahnt thach
>10% and
Category A
Stream is with steep
gradient and peaks covered
with snow. Rocky hills.
Substratum dominates with
deposition of rocks,
boulders, cobbles and lesser
sand.
Falls and cascade
predominate
followed by step
pools. Banks are
stable, Torrent flow.
Not recorded
III Dalali nal at Tidam
Thach
>10% and
Category A
Stream is with steep gradient
and peaks covered with
snow. Rocky hills.
Substratum dominates with
deposition of rocks,
boulders, cobbles and lesser
sand.
Falls and cascade
predominate
followed by step
pools. Banks are
stable, Torrent flow.
Not recorded
Downstream of proposed Dam Site
VI Tosh Nalla near
suspension bridge-
Budha ban
>10% slope and
Category A
Mainly rocks and boulders
where gravels and sand
absent. Steep slope channel
receives water from snow
clad peaks
Falls and cascade
followed by scour
pools
Not recorded
VII Maskar Gaur near
Kolbati
>10% slope and
Category A
Mainly rocks and boulders
where gravels and sand
absent. Steep slope channel
receives water from snow
clad peaks
Falls and cascade
followed by scour
pools
El 2569 m,
N 32001.409‟
L 077027.788‟
VIII Jirah ka Nalla near
village Tosh
>10% &
Category A
Rocks predominate, Valley
narrow and confined. Fair
riparian cover exists.
Step pools
predominate with
cascade & fall
habitat followed by
rapids.
Not recorded
IX Tosh Nalla before
confluence with
Parbati or u/s
Parbati II HE
project
>10% slope and
Category A
Mainly rocks and boulders
where gravels and sand
absent. Steep slope channel
receives water from snow
clad peaks
Rapids, riffle and
pool habitat
cascades.
Not recorded
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 116
Table 6.12: Geomorphology of the Parbati River and its streams in
Project Influenced Area Sites River/Stream Gradient
(% Slope)
& Stream
type
Substratum with
stream/river
morphology
Habitats El., Long, Lat.
Dam site
I Diversion dam site
at Dharo Thach (u/s
khirganga thach)
>4%, and
Category A
Substratum and river
banks consist of rocks.
River flows through
deep cut valley. On
side slopes thick dense
forest is present.
Cascade and
falls followed
by rapids and
scour pools are
present.
Not Recorded
Upstream of proposed Dam Site
II u/s of diversion
(near Kuri Thach):
water fall at Right
bank of Parbati
>50% and
Category A
Substratum and
riverbanks consist of
rocks. Stream is a
waterfall and joins
river Parbati on its left
Bank.
Water fall is
present.
Not Recorded
III u/s diversion (near
Nihar Thach):
water fall /stream at
left bank of Parbati
>50% and
Category A
Substratum and
riverbanks consist of
rocks. On side slopes
thick dense forest is
present.
Cascade and
falls are
present.
El 2830 m,
N 31059.629‟
L 077031.468‟
Downstream of proposed Dam Site
VI Khirganga (Sulphur
spring water): at
left bank of Parbati
river, Khirganga
Thach
>10% slope
and
Category A
Mainly rocks and
boulders where gravels
and sand absent. Steep
slope channel receives
water from snow clad
peaks
Falls and
cascade
followed by
scour pools
Not recorded
VII Rudra Nag stream/
water fall on right
bank of river
Parbati, near
wooden bridge
>10% slope
and
Category A
Mainly rocks and
boulders where gravels
and sand absent. Steep
slope channel receives
water from snow clad
peaks
Falls and
cascade
followed by
scour pools
El 2569 m,
N 32001.409‟
L 077027.788‟
VIII Spring water near
village Nakthan
4-10% &
Category A
Rocks predominate,
Valley narrow and
confined. Fair riparian
cover exists.
Step pools
predominate
with cascade
habitat
followed by
rapids.
Not Recorded
IX River Parbati
downstream
Nakthan and u/s
Guochhi village
(Power house site)
>10% slope
and
Category A
Mainly rocks and
boulders where gravels
and sand absent. Steep
slope channel receives
water from snow clad
peaks
Falls and
cascade
followed by
scour pools
Not Recorded
X Confluence Parbati
& Tosh near
Guochhi village u/s
Parbati-II HE
Project réservoir,
Barsheni
Category A Mainly rocks and
boulders where gravels
and sand absent. Steep
slope and narrow
valley
Rapids and run
are common
followed by
cascade and
pools.
Not Recorded
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 117
Baseline information on aquatic fauna collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon and
winter, within catchment area through extensive field survey. Three categories of
planktons i.e., green algae (Chlorophyceae), diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) and blue green
algae (Cyanophyceae) were recorded (Table 6.13). The stream being a freshwater body,
the presence of Chlorophyceae was more prominent. The variation in occurrence of
phytoplankton taxa may be due to the water quality, channel morphology, elevation,
geomorphology that occurs in the project site in river Parbati and its tributaries. No
macrophytes are found attached to the rocks, boulders; stones, etc. Zooplanktons are
poorly represented group due to torrent water flow and low water temperature. The
group shows minimum species richness that could be due to the presence of temperate
climatic conditions.
Table 6.13: Comparative assessment of aquatic microflora/funna during
three seasons in the study area of Nakthan HEP Groups Family Taxa
Pre-Monsoon Monsoon Post-
Monsoon
Phytoplankton Blue Green Algae Oscillatoria sp. Oscillatoria
sp.
Oscillatoria
sp.
Green Algae Chlamydomonas sp. Chlamydomonas sp.
Chlamydomonas sp.
Spirogyra sp. Spirogyra
sp.
Spirogyra
sp.
Zygnema sp. Zygnema sp. Zygnema sp.
Chlorella sp. Chlorella
sp.
Chlorella
sp.
Diatoms
Navicula sp. Navicula sp. Navicula sp.
Cymbela sp. Cymbela sp. Cymbela sp.
Nitzschia sp Nitzschia sp Nitzschia sp
Fragellaria sp. Fragellaria
sp.
Fragellaria
sp.
Zoo-planktons
Protozoan Arcella sp. Arcella sp. Arcella sp.
Peridiinium sp. Peridiinium
sp.
Peridiinium
sp.
Ceratium sp. Ceratium sp. Ceratium sp.
Crustacean - - -
Rotifers Keratella sp. Keratella sp. Keratella sp.
Brachionus sp. Brachionus
sp.
Brachionus
sp.
Benthos
Invertebrates
Ephemeroptera (May
flies)
Baetis sp. Baetis sp. Baetis sp.
Ephemeralla sp. Ephemeralla
sp.
Ephemeralla
sp.
Stenonema sp. Stenonema sp
Stenonema sp.
Plecoptera (Stoneflies) Isoperla sp. Isoperla sp. Isoperla sp.
Diptera (Crane flies) Chironomous sp. Chironomous sp.
Chironomous sp.
Tipula sp. Tipula sp. Tipula sp.
Bibliocephala sp. Bibliocephal
a sp.
Bibliocephal
a sp.
Trichoptera-(Caddis Rhycophilla sp. Rhycophilla Rhycophilla
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 118
Groups Family Taxa
Pre-Monsoon Monsoon Post-
Monsoon
flies) sp. sp.
Ochrotricha sp. Ochrotricha
sp.
Ochrotricha
sp.
Fishes Endemic Species Absent Absent Absent
Exotic species-
Rainbow trout
Salmo gairdenerii
gairdenerii
Salmo
gairdenerii
gairdenerii
Salmo
gairdenerii
gairdenerii
Brown Trout Salmo trutta fario Salmo trutta
fario
Salmo trutta
fario
The variation in the aquatic faunal communities are due to water velocities, ice
formation during winter, floods due to snow melts in summer and due to rains in
monsoon and rolling of stream bottom material consisting such as boulders, stones,
gravels etc. The faunal communities have developed an inherent capability to adapt to
the tough hydrological conditions of fast flowing riverine conditions. The zoo benthos
invertebrates are very important part of the food chain and act as cleaning agents of river
and stream waters. Hence, their presence or absence plays very important role to sustain
the integrity of aquatic ecosystem.
The macro benthic fauna / Zoo benthos recorded in the project sites represents four
orders of insects. The most dominant order among insects comprises of mayflies
(ephemeroptera). Among invertebrates recorded naids, larvae and imago of various
insects contributed to about 90 % of the total aquatic fauna. The poor occurrence of
benthos during study period could be due to low water temperature, high turbidity,
torrent flow, rapids, and cascade habitat in river Tosh & Parbati followed falls in side
streams.
i) Fish Diversity
The fish management plan involves various options for management of the two fish
species i.e. Schizothorax plagiostomus and Rainbow trout are found in the Parbati river
as habitat fish species. Moreover, presence of exotic Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus
mykiss and Brown Trout Salmo trutta have been observed downstream of confluence
during study period. The presence of introduced exotic rainbow trout was confirmed
during summer and monsoon month and which was also authenticated from the State
fisheries department as well as from locals.
The presence of fish may be attributed to the favourable water temperature (5.5 0C to 9.5
0C) and dissolved oxygen (9-12 mg/l) during summer and monsoon period. Other
attributes such as high gradient streams („A‟ type streams, 4-10% slope) with rocky
substratum, and habitat like rapids and cascades were also found governing factors for
occurrence of fish species and other aquatic fauna. It has been inferred from the field
survey that temperature has become a limiting factor /deciding factor for aquatic life and
endemic fishes. Captive fishery is practiced in these regions. The stocking of brown trout
has been in rivers from year 1995. The introduction of brown trout and rainbow trout
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 119
which rely heavily on EPT fauna also excert great pressure on endemic fish species
population.
ii) Micro Fauna
Data indicates that the bottom substratum of the stream is poorly supporting green
matters or Phytobenthos. Low concentration of Phytobenthos observed during study
period may be due to low temperature and torrent water flow and presence of brown and
rainbow trout that heavlity rely on microfauna.
Also, the glacial fed stream consists of heterogeneous substratum with bed rocks,
boulders, cobbles and gravels with lesser amount of sand however low diversity of
benthos indicating the state of quality of the aquatic environment related to climatic
conditions in the study area. The low species richness of phytobenthos is also associated
with poor growth of macro invertebrates where temperature is found a limiting factor.
ii) Fisheries Potentials and Economics
The altitudinal range of the submergence area of proposed dam/barrage lies between
2290 m to 3000 m msl. Sparse habitation near the project site on the Parbati River was
observed and most of the human habitations are situated on the higher slopes. Negligible
habitation near the project site on the Parbati River was observed however from 8 km
downstream of the project site human habitations is present. No fishing activity was
observed during study period. There were no fisherman families; hence no commercial
fishing exists in the study area. The area did not show any significant potential for trout
fishery especially due to sub temperate to temperate type climate.
6.5 STATUS OF MICROBIAL DIVERSITY (BACTERIA, FUNGI AND
ACTINOMYCETES)
6.5.1 Location/ Data Collection
Soil samples and fungal fruiting bodies were collected from 11 different locations from
the proposed study area. The samples were collected in polythene and paper bags and
brought to the laboratory for processing and estimation of microbial population. The list
of the sampling locations is as follows:
Table 6.14: Sampling locations for the microflora
SN. Sampling locations Habit
1. Tosh Nalla Right Bank (1) Grass land
2. Tosh Nalla Right Bank (2) Grass land
3. Tosh Nalla Right Bank (3) Grass land
4. Tosh Nalla Left Bank (4) Forest
5. Tosh Nalla Left Bank (5) Forest
6. Rudar Nalla Right Bank (6) Grass + trees
7. Rudar Nalla Left Bank (7) Forest
8. Rudar Nalla Left Bank (8) Forest
9. Left Bank Parbati River (9) Forest
10. Left Bank Parbati River (10) Forest
11. Left Bank Parbati River (11) Forest
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 120
6.5.2 Population Status of Soil Bacteria:
The bacterial population (colony forming units per gram of soil) varied between 38-61 x
106
cfu g-l (Table 6.15). Among the different sampling locations, the location 10 had
highest bacterial population (61 x 106
cfu g-l), followed by the location 11 (57 x 10
6 cfu
g-l), 8 (55 x 10
6 cfu g
-l.) and lowest in location 2 (38 x 10
6 cfu g
-l). The soil includes both
gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria. The dominant bacteria include the
species of Bacillus, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing
Bacteria (Table 6.16).
6.5.3 Population Status of Soil Actinomycetes:
Actinomycetes are the organisms with characteristics common to both bacteria and fungi
but yet possessing distinctive features to keep them into a distinct category. The
population of actinomycetes varies from 3-7 x 105 cfu g
-1 of soil in different locations.
Maximum population of actinomycetes have been recorded in locations 3, 6 and 8 (7 x
105
cfu g-1
) followed by location 1, 5, 9 and 11 (6 x 105
cfu g-1
) and minimum at location
7 (3 x 105 cfu g
-1). The majority of the population represents the species of Streptomyces
and Actinomyces.
6.5.4 Population Status of Soil Fungi:
The population of different fungi recorded from soil samples from 11 different locations
is presented in Table 6.15. The results revealed that the population of fungi ranged
between 16-37 x 103 cfu g
-1. Maximum population was recorded at location 8 (37 x 10
3
cfu g-1
), followed by location 10 (36 x 103 cfu g
-1), location 11 and 5 (29 x 10
3 cfu g
-1)
and minimum at location 1 (16 x 103 cfu g
-1). The dominant soil microfungi include
Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Cladosporium
herbarum, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium sp. etc.
6.5.5 Population Status of Macrofungi (Mushrooms):
The macrofungi (mushrooms) play an important role in health and ecology of forest.
Like other microbes they are also associated as symbionts, parasite or saprophytes. The
common macrofungi recorded are Heterobasidium annusom, Rigidoporus almarius,
Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma appalanatum, Fomitopsis rosea, Fomitopsis pinicola
and species of Gleophyllum, Russula, Laccaria, Amanita etc. (Table 6.17, Plate-2).
Table 6.15: General microbial population at different sampling locations from the
areas under Nakthan HEP
Sampling
Location No.
Microbial population (cfu/g soil)
Bacteria
(No. × 106)
Actinomycetes
(No. × 105)
Fungi
(No. × 103)
1. 41 6 16
2. 38 5 21
3. 45 7 19
4. 49 4 28
5. 53 6 29
6. 42 7 22
7. 53 3 31
8. 55 7 37
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 121
9. 48 6 32
10. 61 4 36
11. 57 6 29
Table 6.16: Dominant microbial species recorded from areas under Nakthan
HEP
Microbial groups
Bacteria Actinomycetes Fungi
Species of Bacillus,
Azotobacter, Azospirillum,
Rhizobium and
Pseudomonas
Species of
Streptomyces and
Actinomyces
Trichoderma harzianum, T.
viride, Aspergillus niger, A.
flavus, Aspergillus sp.,
Cladosporium herbarum,
Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium
sp.
Table 6.17: Species of mushrooms recorded from selected sampling sites under
different habitats
S.
No.
Sampling area Sampling
location No.
Macrofungi (Mushroom)
1. Toash Nalla Right Bank 1, 2, 3 Gleophyllum striatum,
Heterobasidium annusom,
Rigidoporus almarius,
Heterobasidium annusom,
Amanita sp.
2. Toash Nalla Left Bank 4, 5 Trametes versicolor, Russula sp.
3. Rudar Nalla Right Bank 6 Trametes versicolor, Amanita sp.
4. Rudar Nalla Left Bank 7, 8 Rigidoporus almarius, Ganoderma
appalanatum, Russula sp.,
Laccaria sp.
5. Left Bank Parbati River 9, 10, 11 Fomitopsis rosea, Trametes
tephroleuca, Fomitopsis pinicola
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 122
CHAPTER-7
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Most often, many of the hydropower development projects are commissioned in
economically and socially backward areas, which are inhabited by some of the
indigenous populations. Commissioning of development project invariably brings about
a number of desired and undesired impacts along with it. As part of the comprehensive
EIA study, a comprehensive assessment of socioeconomic aspects was undertaken
during 2011-2012. The land to be acquired for the project include 17.20 ha private land
for various component including project roads. Thus, the objective of this study was to
ascertain the overall socio-economic conditions prevailing in the study area, as well as
among the project affected families, which is yet to be identified.
Further, impacts, both positive as well as negative, that are likely to occur during the
construction and operation phase of the proposed project on the socio-economic aspects
of the environment have also been assessed, which has been described in Chapter 8 of
EIA report. A Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) plan has been proposed for the
Project Affected Families (PAFs) who are likely to lose land, homestead or both due to
land acquisition for various project appurtenances as a part of the present studies. The
baseline setting for socio-economic aspects are outlined in the following paragraphs.
7.1.1 Survey Methods
The survey was undertaken by the following methods:
Structural interviews
Group discussions
Door to door household survey
Village level surveys
Collection of data/information from various agencies
Source of Information
1. Information on the total landholdings with the affected families/individual, their
land proposed to be acquired and remaining land with the affected
families/individual has been collected from the people concerned of the family.
2. The details of permanent assets (individuals or Governmental) proposed to be
submerged in the Dam, their ownership and tentative/approximate cost has been
collected from the owners.
3. Details of Community/Government Assets to be acquired/submerged for the
Nakthan HEP has been collected from villagers.
4. Information on Villages within the radius of 10 kms from the Hydroelectric
Power Dam site has been collected from the farmers and through questionnaires.
Information on general socioeconomics of families (within 10 kms of the Dam Site) of
Nakthan HEP District Kullu (H.P.) has been collected through structured
interviews/questionnaires.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 123
7.2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AND KULLU
DISTRICT
The demographic profile of Himachal Pradesh is summarized in Table 7.1 and 7.2.
Table 7.1: Demographic profile of Himachal Pradesh
Parameter Value
A Population
Male 34,73,892
Female 33,82,617
Total 68, 56,509
No. of females/1000 males 974
Density of population (Nos./km2) 123
Rural population 6,167,805
Urabn population 688,704
Scheduled Caste (SC) population 1,502,171
Scheduled Tribe (ST) population 244,587
B Literacy
Literate Persons 5,104,506
Total Literacy rate 83.78 %
Male Literacy rate (%) 90.83%
Female Literacy rate (%) 76.60%
Table 7.2: Demographic profile of Kullu District
Parameters Value
Population
Male 224320
Female 213154
Total 437474
No. of females/1000 males 950
Density of population (Nos./km2) 79
Rural population 351478
Urban population 30093
Scheduled caste9SC) population 107,897
Scheduled tribes (ST) population 11351
Literacy
Literate Persons 310487
Male litrate 176552
Female litrate 133935
Total Literacy rate 80.14
Male Literacy rate (%) 88.80
Female Literacy rate (%) 71.01
Source: Censu, 2011
7.3 BASELINE SURVEY
The secondary sources of information pertaining to population, education, transport,
agriculture, public amenities were collected from the Village Panchayat Secretary
Office, Patwari office and Census of 2001.The details are presented below:
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 124
7.3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC SATUS OF PROJECT AFFECTED VILLAGE
A total of eight villages of Barshani panchayat will be affected directly and indirectly
due to the proposed NHEP. To gather the status of the household within the project-
affected village the survey were made. The caste wise distribution of household from the
eight project affected families are given in Table 7.3.
Table 7.3: Village Wise Household Distribution
S.
No
Name of
panchayat
Name of
village
Total
population
Female Male HH Gen SC ST
1 Barshani Nakhthan 259 138 121 39 149 110 -
2 Tosh 485 262 223 96 424 61 -
3 Barshani 636 301 335 121 606 30 -
4 Tahuk 253 124 129 45 253 - -
5 Ueichdhar 241 118 123 43 135 101 5
6 Shilla 468 231 237 118 340 128 -
7 Pulga 361 183 178 82 134 227 -
8 Tulga 155 86 69 31 155 - -
Total 2858 1404 1454 575 2196 657 5
7.3.1.1 Livestock population
It is observed from the village census information, that total livestock is 3877, of which,
sheep and goat population was higher than cow, buffalo and ox (Table 7.4).
Table 7.4:Panchayat and village wise livestock details in the study area of Nakthan
HEP
Name of Panchayat Cow Ox Buffalloes Sheep Goat
Barshani 943 138 609 1167 1020
Village wise livestock population
Name of
Panchayat
Name of
Village
Household Cow Ox Buffaloes Sheep Goat
Barshani Nakthan 39 119 36 13 299 179
Pulga 82 156 6 80 226 214
Shilla 118 45 8 80 77 56
Tulga 31 48 30 42 35 82
Tosh 96 180 10 120 240 214
Ueichdhar 43 92 16 62 80 65
Tahuk 45 88 12 52 60 70
Barshani 121 215 20 160 150 140
Total 575 943 138 609 1167 1020
Source: village census
7.3.2 Amenities and Infrastructure Resource Base in the Project Affected Villages
7.3.2.1 Educational Institution
A total of 17 schools comprising of Primary, Nursery, High and Sr. Secondary is
available in the panchayat. The ratio of Nursery, Primary, High and Senior Secondary
School is 47.05, 41.17, 5.88 and 5.88 per cent respectively (Table 7.5).
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 125
Table 7.5: Panchayat and village wise education institutions in the study area of
Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Nursery
School
Primary
School
High
School
Senior
Secondary
School
Barshani 8 7 1 1
Village wise
Name of
Panchayat
Name of
Village Nursery Primary High
Senior
Secondary
Barshani
Nakthan 1 1 - -
Pulga 1 1 - -
Shilla 1 1 - -
Tulga 1 1 - -
Tosh 1 1
Ueichdhar 1 1 -- -
Tahuk 1 - -
Barshani 1 1 1 1
Total 8 (47.05%) 7 (41.17%) 1(5.88%) 1(5.88%)
Source: village census
7.3.2.2 Health care facilities
The nearest district hospital and zonal hospital for panchayat is situated at Kullu. None
of the villages have health facilities except for the Primay Health Centre that is available
in Barshani of panchayat Barshani. The distances between villages are presented in
Table 7.6.
Table 7.6: Panchayat and village wise health facilities available in the study area of
Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
District
Hospital
(Place)
Distance
in Km
Zonal
Hospital
(Place)
Distance
(Km)
PHC
(Place)
No. Distance
(Km)
Barshani Kullu 62 Kullu 62 Barshani 1 0
Village wise health facilities
Name
of Village
District
Hospital
( Place)
Distance
(Km)
Zonal
Hospital
(Place)
Distance
(Km)
PHC
(Place)
No. Distance
(Km)
Nakthan Kullu 66 Kullu 66 Barshani - 4
Pulga Kullu 64 Kullu 64 Barshani - 2
Shilla Kullu 58 Kullu 58 Barshani - 4
Tulga Kullu 65 Kullu 65 Barshani - 3
Tosh Kullu 65 Kullu 65 Barshani - 3
Ueichdhar Kullu 63 Kullu 63 Barshani - 5
Tahuk Kullu 66 Kullu 66 Barshani - 6
Barshani Kullu 62 Kullu 62 Barshani 1 0
Source: village census
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 126
7.3.2.3 Water and Electricity
There are three types of water sources i.e. tap, bawari and river in all the villages in the
panchyat and all the villages are electrified (Table 7.7).
Table 7.7: Panchayat and village wise electricity and water availability in the study
area of Nakthan HEP
Name of Panchayat Tap Bawari River Electricity
Barshani Yes Yes Yes Yes
Name of Village Tap Bawari River Electricity
Nakthan Yes Yes Yes Yes
Pulga Yes Yes Yes Yes
Shilla Yes Yes Yes
Tulga Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tosh Yes Yes Yes Yes
Ueichdhar Yes Yes Yes
Tahuk Yes Yes Yes
Barshani Yes Yes Yes Yes
Source: village census
7.3.2.4 Transportation Communication and bank facilities
All villages of this panchayat are not inter-connected with roads, except Barshani and
Tosh. Post offices are available in panchayat Barshani and no Banking facilities are
available in this panchayat (Table 7.8).
Table 7.8: Panchayat and village wise transport connectivity, post office and bank
facilities in the study area of Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Metalled
Road
Post Office
(Place)
Bank
(Place)
Barshani Yes Barshani (1) No
Village wise
Name of
Village
Metalled
Road
Post office Bank
Nakthan No No No
Pulga No No No
Shilla No No No
Tulga No No No
Tosh No No No
Ueichdhar No No No
Tahuk No No No
Barshani Yes No No
7.3.2.5 Forest Dependence
The valley also falls in the apple orchard zone and thus, people do not show keen interest
for the cultivation of the medicinal plants. Catchment area receives good rainfall and
moist conditions favor good vegetation growth. There are extensive grasslands above the
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 127
tree line and below snow line. During summer, grazing is very common. Medicinal
plants are found in abundance and ground flora is very rich i.e. Meconopsis, Aconitum
and Podophyllum etc. Trade in medicinal plant is most important activity in this area and
is significantly related to local economy ie from 0.54 to 2.92 lakhs per aanum in Parbati
valley (Shalini Vidyarthi, 2013). These species are exploited without any cultivation-
commercialisation. Plant species such as, Quercus spp, Alnus nitida, Ulmus villosa,
Ulmus wallichiana, Morus serrata and Celtis australis etc. are collected as fodder by
majority, as they dependent on it for fuel wood.
7.4 DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF PROJECT AFFECTED AREA
Door to door household were made from all the 8 projects affected villages in Barshani
panchayat of District Kullu, Himachal Pradesh. The household number in all the eight
villages consists of 612. Out of 612 household, 109 households from the eight villages
were surveyed randomly i.e., 18.95 % in each villages to assess the family sturctutre and
socioeconomic status.
7.4.1 Demographic structure of the house holds
The total surveyed population in 109 household constitutes 54.24 and 45.75 per cent of
male and female respectively. Within the surveyed household 75.81 per cent belongs to
the general category and 24.18 per cent belong to the scheduled caste category (Table
7.9).
Table 7.9: Composition of household population from the household surveyed in
the study area of Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Total
Population
Surveyed
Total
Households
Surveyed
Males Females General SC
Barshani 612 109 332 280 464 148
Village wise
Name of
Village
Total
Population
Total
Households
Male Female General SC
Nakthan 169 29 90 79 82 87
Pulga 50 11 31 19 41 9
Shilla 76 9 43 33 44 32
Tulga 62 10 35 27 62
Tosh 89 19 50 39 83 6
Ueichdhar 31 7 17 14 21 10
Tahuk 67 10 34 33 67
Barshani 68 14 32 36 64 4
Total 612 109 332 280 464 148
7.4.1.1 Village household wise educational status
The ratio of illiterate and literate person from the household surveyed consists of 25.00
and 63.56 percent. In the panchayat there are 14 schools and the number of nursery
school was high followed by Pimary, High and Sr. Sec respectively (Table 7.10).
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 128
Table 7.10: Educational facilities and status of educated population from the
household surveyed in the study area of Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Total
Population
Surveyed
Literate Illiterate No. of
Nursery
School
No. of
Primary
School
No. of
High
School
Sr. Sec.
School
Barshani 612 389 153 8 7 1 1
Village wise
Name of Village Total Population Literate Illiterate
Nakthan 169 116 43
Pulga 50 39 11
Shilla 76 45 17
Tulga 62 29 11
Tosh 89 61 22
Ueichdhar 31 14 12
Tahuk 67 44 19
Barshani 68 41 18
Total 612 389 153
7.4.1.2 Village household wise land holding pattern
The total 109 households surveyed had 612 people. As informed by the respondents in
all 109 household surveyed the total land holdings is 1136 Bighas. Of which, 68.30 per
cent is cultivated land and 31.69 per cent is as uncultivated land (Table 7.11).
Table 7.11: Land holding pattern of the household surveyed in the study area of
Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Total HH
Surveyed
population
Total House
Hold Surveyed
Total Land
Owned
(Bigha-
Biswa-
Biswansi)
Uncultivated
(Bigha-
Biswa-
Biswansi)
Cultivated
(Bigha-
Biswa-
Biswansi)
Barshani 612 109 1136-00-00 360-00-00 776-00-00
Village household wise
Name
of Village
Total HH
Surveyed
population
Total Land Owned
(Bigha-Biswa-Biswansi)
Uncultivated
(Bigha-Biswa-
Biswansi))
Cultivated
(Bigha-
Biswa-
Biswansi)
Nakthan
109/612
334-00-00 72-00-00 262-00-00
Pulga 127-00-00 29-00-00 98-00-00
Shilla 99-00-00 24-00-00 75-00-00
Tulga 96-00-00 27-00-00 69-00-00
Tosh 182-00-00 141-00-00 41-00-00
Ueichdhar 50-00-00 14-00-00 36-00-00
Tahuk 116-00-00 23-00-00 93-00-00
Barshani 132-00-00 30-00-00 102-00-00
Total 1136-00-00 360-00-00 776-00-00
Sources: Survey
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 129
7.4.1.3 Crop production of the household
From the household survey in 109 houses in all eight villages, the crop production was
recorded to be 61.47 quintals. Of the crop production maize constituted high followed by
wheat, barely and rajmah (Table 7.12).
Table 7.12: Panchayat and village Crop production in the study area of Nakthan
HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Total House
Hold Surveyed
Wheat
(Quintals)
Maize
(Quintals)
Barley
(Quintals)
Rajmah
(Quintals)
Barshani 109 11.29 37.37 3.78 9.03
Village wise
Name
of Village
Wheat
(Quintals)
Maize
(Quintals)
Barley
(Quintals)
Rajmah
(Quintals)
Nakthan 3.32 11.22 0.98 2.63
Pulga 1.40 2.95 0.30 0.47
Shilla 0.84 3.90 0.23 1.06
Tulga 1.03 3.60 0.40 1.04
Tosh 1.61 5.95 0.79 1.94
Ueichdhar 0.72 2.30 0.23 0.76
Tahuk 1.26 3.45 0.46 1.13
Barshani 1.11 4 0.39
Total 11.29 37.37 3.78 9.03
7.4.1.4 Income pattern of the household
The sources of income for the household surveyed consist of agriculture, business
government job and private. The source of income from business (79.78%) was high
followed by government jobs (9.65%), Agriculture (6.86%) and private job (3.70%)
respectively (Table 7.13).
Table 7.13: Income pattern of the household surveyed from the study area of
Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Agriculture
income
(Lakhs)
Government
Job Income
(Lakhs)
Private Job
Income
(Lakhs)
Business Job
Income
(Lakhs)
Barshani 13.11 18.43 7.07 152.342
Village wise sources of income
Na
me
of
Pa
nch
ay
at
Ba
rsh
an
i
Name of
Village
Household Agriculture
Income
(Lakh)
Government
Job
Income
(Lakh)
Private
Job
Income
(Lakh)
Business
Job
Income
(Lakh)
Nakthan 29 1.20 1.68 1.28 17.20
Pulga 11 1.55 1.08 0.50 8.222
Shilla 9 1.80 1.55 0.70 13.05
Tulga 10 1 1.68 0.48 18.05
Tosh 19 1.80 4.20 1.30 48.00
Ueichdhar 7 0.96 1.58 0.33 8.72
Tahuk 10 1.60 1.66 0.48 5.60
Barshani 14 3.20 5.0 2.0 33.50
Total 612 13.11 18.43 7.07 152.342
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 130
7.4.1.5 Expenditure of the household
As informed by the respondents total food expenditure in 8 villages was Rs. 236621 per
month and non food articles expenditure was Rs. 624426 per month. The average
expenditure per person on food articles was Rs. 386.63 per month, whereas nonfood
expenditure per person was recorded Rs.1020.30 per month.
7.4.1.6 Household livestock population
As informed by the respondents, total livestock in all the 109 household is 1702, of
which goat constituted high in number followed b sheep, cow, ox and buffalo (Table
7.14).
Table 7.14: Household livestock holding pattern in the project affected village in
the study area of Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Household
Surveyed
Cow Ox Buffaloes Sheep Goat
Barshani 109 360 310 33 304 695
Village household wise livestock population
Pan
chaya
t
Bars
han
i
Name
of Village
Cow Ox Buffaloes Sheep Goat
Nakthan 119 36 13 299 179
Pulga 39 22 81 30
Shilla 34 16 88 16
Tulga 36 20 20 47 5
Tosh 48 30 102 28
Ueichdhar 22 9 34
Tahuk 26 20 18 31
Barshani 36 20 26 15
Total 360 310 33 304 695
7.4.1.7 Immovable assets
In all 109 household surveyed the kuccha houses constitute 3.57 percent; semi pucca
house 79.98 per cent and pucca house 16.44 per cent. Average cost of one kuccha house
was estimated to be 1.30 lakh, Semi pucca 1.95 lakh, and pucca was 2.75 lakh. The cost
of one cattle shed was estimated to be 0.41 lakh, and the cost of sauchalaya was 0.22akh
(Table 7.15).
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 131
Table 7.15: House pattern of the household surveyed and its value in the study area of Nakthan HEP N
am
e of
Pan
chaya
t B
ars
han
i
Nam
e of
Vil
lage
Residential Structure Cattle Shed Sauchalaya
Ku
cch
a
Valu
e
(Lak
h)
Sem
i
Pu
cca
Valu
e
(Lak
h)
Pu
cca
Valu
e
(Lak
h)
Tota
l
Valu
e
Leg
al
Sta
tus
No.
Valu
e
(Lak
h)
No.
Valu
e
(Lak
h)
Nakthan 28 50.50 1 2.50 53.00 Yes 26 10.55 27 5.73
Pulga 10 24.70 1 1.85 26.55 Yes 10 3.88 10 2.25
Shilla 4 8.50 5 14.50 23.00 Yes 9 4.54 9 2.16
Tulga 1 1.00 9 18.00 19.00 Yes 9 3.78 9 2.02
Tosh 1 1.50 15 29.30 2 6.00 36.80 Yes 19 7.87 17 3.88
Ueichdhar 2 2.50 5 9.50 12.00 Yes 7 2.78 6 1.34
Tahuk 1 1.80 8 15.80 1 2.50 20.10 Yes 10 4.06 10 2.21
Barshani 1 1.00 10 18.10 3 8.50 27.60 Yes 14 5.62 12 2.62
Total 6 7.80 89 174.40 13 35.85 218.05 104 43.08 100 22.21
Source: survey
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 132
7.4.1.8 Fuel consumption value of the Household
Fuel consumption per family was estimated to be Rs. 1742.09 based on the prevailing
rate and the rate of firewood consumption per family was 86.47 Kg (Table 7.16).
Table 7.16: Panchayat wise details of household assets value, farm machinery and
fuel consumption value under Nakthan HEP
Name of
Panchayat
Household Assets Value Fuel Consumption
Household
Assets Value
(Rs.)
Farm Machinery
and Implements’
(Rs.)
LPG, Kerosene Oil
and Electricity
(Rs.)
Firewood
(Kg)
Barshani 1351315 418630 189888 9426
Village household wise
Name of
Panchayat Name of
Village
Household Assets Value Fuel Consumption
Household
Assets Value
(Rs.)
Farm Machinery
& Implements’
(Rs.)
LPG,
Kerosene Oil
& Electricity
(Rs.)
Firewood
(Kg)
Barshani
Nakthan 365225 129770 44458 2767
Pulga 129140 43230 21074 1003
Shilla 133290 38230 19688 761
Tulga 121980 42170 19120 783
Tosh 208110 71050 33668 1438
Ueichdhar 67690 21840 8990 671
Tahuk 151620 37580 18720 1000
Barshani 174260 34760 24170 1003
Total 1351315 418630 189888 9426
7.4.1.9 Estimate of fodder
It is observed from the field survey and response from the household that they meet their
fodder needs from their own land. The green grass as fodder requirement per family
during winter, summer and rainy season was in the order of 26.47 per cent, 21.55 per
cent and 18.11 per cent, respectively. In addition, the leaf fodder requirement per family
during winter, summer and rainy season was in the order of 28.62 per cent, 22.86 per
cent and 17.69 per cent respectively.
It was understood from the respondent that green leaf fodder from forest land per family
during winter, summer and rainy season was in the order of 21.54 per cent, 18.01 per
cent and 14.52 per- cent respectively (Table 7.17 to 7.20).
Table 7.17: Panchayat wise details of fodder from own land under Nakthan HEP
Own Land
Panchayat Green Grass (Kg.) Leaf Fodder (Kg.)
Winter Summer Rainy Winter Summer Rainy
Barshani 2886 2349 1972 3120 2492 1929
Table 7.18: Panchayat-wise details of fodder from forest land under Nakthan
HEP.
Forest Land
Panchayat Green Grass (Kg.) Leaf Fodder (Kg.)
Winter Summer Rainy Winter Summer Rainy
Barshani 2348 1964 1583 2459 1953 1573
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 133
Table 7.19: Village-wise fodder detail from own land Nakthan HEP as per field
survey
Own Land Green Grass (Kg.) Leaf Fodder (Kg.)
Panchayat Village Winter Summer Rainy Winter Summer Rainy
Barshani
Nakthan 656 550 456 748 594 432
Pulga 260 195 180 283 220 185
Shilla 325 275 225 310 273 220
Tulga 270 225 185 288 245 183
Tosh 525 417 353 573 455 352
Ueichdhar 180 145 125 200 150 120
Tahuk 295 235 195 280 215 180
Barshani 375 307 253 438 340 257
Total 2886 2349 1972 3120 2492 1929
Table 7.20: Village wise fodder detail from forestland under Nakthan HEP as per
field survey
Forest Land Green Grass (Kg.) Leaf Fodder (Kg.)
Panchayat Village Winter Summer Rainy Winter Summer Rainy
Barshani
Nakthan 553 484 376 664 552 408
Pulga 270 215 178 265 195 185
Shilla 250 225 170 225 176 143
Tulga 215 178 148 230 194 140
Tosh 400 323 268 395 314 251
Ueichdhar 150 115 95 150 120 95
Tahuk 230 181 155 250 183 170
Barshani 280 243 193 280 219 181
Total 2348 1964 1583 2459 1953 1573
7.5 HOUSEHOLD DETAILS OF MOST PROJECT AFFECTED FAMILIES
(MPAFs) UNDER NAKTHAN HEP
As per the records available from HPPCL 2 villages i.e. Tosh and Barshiani are likely to
be affected due to land acquistopn and other activities.The survey has been undertaken in
20 households in village Tosh and 5 households in village Burshaini under Nakthan HEP
in District Kullu of Himachal Pradesh.
The total population in the project affected 20 Households of Tosh village is 112, out of
which the male population constitute 62 (55%) and female population is 50 (45%). The
population falling under general category are 90% and population falling under Schedule
Caste category Constitutes 10%. The majority of the population in the study area belongs
to Hindu religion, out of the 20 families of Tosh village surveyed, it revealed from the
data that 10 (50%) families belongs to nuclear and 10 (50%) families belongs to joint
family. The details have been given in Figure 7.1a -7.1b and Table 1-2 of Appendix III.
The total population of the project affected five families of Barshani village is 23. It
revealed from survey that Total population of village Barshani mainly belongs to general
category and 4 (60%) families belongs to nuclear and 1 (40%) belongs to joint family.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 134
Figure 7.1a: Families Types of the village Tosh and Barshani
Figure 7.1b: Social structure of the village Tosh and Barshani
7.5.1 Family Structure of Villages Tosh and Barshani
Information is being collected from door to door survey, educational status has been
noted down as per the information provided by the respective households. Literacy
percentage of Tosh village household is 79% and 21% constitutes the illiteracy
percentage. It was further revealed that 100% of families do agriculture. Details have
been given in Table 3 of Appendix III. The total population in the project affected 5
households of village Barshani is 23, out of which the male population constitute 12
(52%) and female population is 11(48%). Literacy percentage of Barshani village
household is 87% and 13% constitutes the illiteracy percentage. It was further revealed
that 100% families of village Barshani do agriculture. Details have been given in Table 4
of Appendix III. The male female percentage of village Barshani and Tosh has been
given in the Figure 7.2.
4
1
1010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Nuclear Joint Nuclear Joint
Barshaini Tosh
18
2
5
002468
101214161820
General SC General SC
Tosh Barshaini
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 135
Figure 7.2: Family Structure of Village Tosh and Village Barshani
7.5.2 Household Income of Villages Tosh and Barshani
The population in the project affected village (Tosh) earns income through three main
sources i.e. from agriculture, trade/business and from shop. Agriculture is main
occupation of people and their dependency on agriculture is high. Because their 86%
income comes from agriculture (Apple orchards) remaining 14 % comes from part time
trade and business. The average income of Tosh village per house hold from agriculture
is 157500 and 27200 from trade and business. The Surveyed population in the project
affected village Barshani earns income through main sources i.e. from agriculture and
from trade. The average income of per house hold from agriculture is 132000 (83%) and
27200 (17%) from trade and business. Details have been given in the Table 5-6 of
Appendix III and Figure 7.3.
Figure 7.3: Household Income of Villages Tosh and Barshani
25
112
6250
88
24
5
23
1211
20
3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Ho
use
Ho
ld
Po
pu
lati
on
Mal
e
Fem
ale
Lite
rate
Illit
rate
Barshaini Toash
157500
27200
132000
27200
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
Agriculture (Rs.) Trade/ Business (Rs.)
Agriculture (Rs.) Trade/ Business (Rs.)
Toash Barshaini
An
nu
l In
com
e (R
s.)
Source of Income
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 136
7.5.3 Information of Kaccha and Semi-pakka House of Village Tosh
Information is being collected from the project affected families of Tosh village about
their houses and it has been found that Semipucca house constitutes about 10% of total
households and that of pakka-house constitutes 90%. In Barshani village about their
houses, it has been found that Pucca house constitutes about 100% of total households.
Details have been given in the (Table 7-8 of Appendix III and in Figure 7.4).
Figure 7.4: House Types in project affected villages Barshani and Tosh
7.5.4 Moveable Household Assests
Every surveyed family has the important basic assets (TV, Watch, Mobile and Radio)
and very few families have modern furniture. The use of LPG is low in study area
because people mostly prefer wood for cooking. Details about Moveable household
assests-Information is being collected from the door to door survey of the affected
families of village Tosh and Barshani details have been given in the Table 9 and 10 of
Appendix III.
7.5.5 Agriculture
The predominant crops of the study villages are wheat, maize, barley and paddy. Stone
embedded mountainous soil is found in this area. The soil is suitable for the cultivation
of maize, wheat and pulses. Agriculture is mostly done by traditional method, obsolete
equipment and inadequate financial resources. Due to paucity of funds and finances,
farmers are unable to apply chemical fertilizer and other input in required quantities. The
fragmentation and small size of holding and land tenancy system are also some of
serious barriers in the modernization and agribusiness. People dependency on agriculture
is high in this area. Their livelihood is sustained by agriculture. The facility of irrigation
is not available and intervention of horticulture and agriculture department is low. Land
is suitable for growing of Rajmah, Moog, Mash and Vegetables. The horticulture crops
can raise the economy of people. If government helps people in right way, then it would
be right effort for the socio economic development of area. As per the information
collected from door to door survey of the project affected families details of the farm
machinery and implements are given in the Table 16 of Appendix III.
2
18
0
5
02468
101214161820
Semi Pucca Pucca Semi Pucca Pucca
Toash Barshaini
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 137
7.5.6 Crop production, Crop pattern Detail of MPAFs of village Tosh and Barshani
under Nakthan HEP
There are mainly 4 types of crops produced during different seasons. Sowing time of
wheat is Nov-Dec and harvested during March-April, Maize sowing time is June-July
and harvested in sept-oct. Barley sowed during Nov-dec and harvested in March-April
Rajmah sowed during June- July and harvested in September-October. Out of these crops
wheat constitutes about 57%, Maize 19%, Barley 9% and lastly Rajmah 15%. Details
have been given in the Table 13(a & b) of Appendix III and in Figure 7.5.
Figure 7.5: Crop production of the surveyed families of the village Tosh and
Barshani
7.5.7 Land Holding Size
The land holdings of project affected villages are also investigated in the project area.
Maximum numbers of farmers are small farmer types and which followed by medium
types of farmers. The division of land among the families member is major cause of
decreasing land holding size. It is clear from the statics that total land of village Tosh is
318 Bigga. The average size land holding is 15.9 Bigga/household. 3Bigga is lowest land
holding while 40 Bigga is highest land holding size in village Tosh. Land holding senario
of village Barshani is slightly different then village Tosh. Total land of village Barshani
is 67 Bigga. The average size land holding is 13.4 Bigga/household. 5 Bigga is lowest
land holding while 18 Bigga is highest land holding size in village Tosh. It is clear from
the field survey social vulnerability chance of small land holding owner is high. Details
of total land holding and land acquired from villages Tosh and Barshani by the HPPCL is
given in the Table 11-12 of Appendix III.
7.5.8 Orchard Details of Tosh & Barshani Villages
Horticulture plays an important role in the economic life and prosperity of the people of
Kullu. During the last three decades, Kullu has made tremendous progress in the field of
Horticulture. Greater emphasis is being laid on this sector because the geographical
57%
19%
9%15%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Wheat Maize Barley Rajmah
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 138
features and climatic conditions prevailing in the district are ideally suited for fruit
farming. Among all the fruits grown in Kullu, apples are most widely grown and
represent commercially the most important fruit crop.
All surveyed families (25) have apple orchard and they grow Royale golden variety of
apple which have high demand in market. The production of apple in village Tosh is 136
quintals and 34 quintals of village Barshani The total surplus of apple production is Rs.
680000. Horticulture and agriculture are their main source of livelihood and their life is
sustained by primary activities. Orchard details of the project affected families are given
in the Table 14 and 15 of Appendix III.
7.5.9 Livestock Detail of MPAF of Village Tosh and Barshani
Livestock is a chief wealth next to the agriculture and every house invariably keeps a few
cows Sheep and goats. 100 % of the sampled family owned livestock. Cows, Sheep and
Goat are important livestock of villagers. Sheep are the largest livestock possessed by the
PAFs in the project affected area. The Goat is the second largest number of livestock.
Horses & Ponies, Mules & Donkeys, Poultry and dogs are few in numbers. Cows are
used for milk production contributing to household‟s income, while bullocks are used as
animal labour in agriculture. Goat and sheep are kept as economic point of view. The
detail of live stock holding pattern of Tosh and Barshani villages are shown in the Table
18 and 19 of Appendix III and Figure 7.6.
Figure 7.6: livestock of surveyed families of Villages Tosh and Barshani
7.5.10 Expenditure on Food and other Articles Detail of MPAF of villages Tosh and
Barshani
As informed by the respfondent the total food expenditure of Tosh village expenditure
per family on food articles was Rs.6092 per month, where as non food expenditure per
family was recorded Rs.3415 per month and the total food expenditure of Barshani
village per family per month is 343200 and on non food articles is 185580 per annum.
The average expenditure per family on food articles was Rs.5720 per month, where as
30
191
160
1 516 7 4 8 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
Cow Sheep Goat Yong Stock Cow
Bullock Horse Cow Sheep Goat Yong Stock Cow
Toash Barshaini
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 139
non food expenditure per family recorded Rs.3093 per month. Detail has been given in
the Table 20, 21 of Appendix III and in Figure 7.7.
Figure 7.7: Food and Non Food expenditure of project affected families of Tosh
and Barshani villages
7.5.11 Dependence on Common Property Resources (CPR) of village Tosh and
Barshani
It has been found from the survey that the fodder dependence of the village Tosh is 35
Qtl of green grass,9 Qtl of leaf fodder and 2 Qtl is of the straw. The details of which have
been given in the Figure 8, as well as mention in below Table 24 of Appendix III. The
fodder dependence of the village Barshani is 8 Qtl of green grass,2 Qtl of leaf fodder.
The details of which have been given in the Figure 7.9, as well as mention in below
Table 25 of Appendix III.
Figure 7.8: Graphical rpresentation of
dependence on CPR of village Tosh
Figure 7.9: Graphical representation of
dependence on CPR of village Barshani
6092
3415
5720
3093
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Non Food Articles
Food Articles Non Food Articles
Food Articles
Toash Barshaini
Ru
pe
es
Expenditure/month
35
9
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Green grass(Qtl)
Leaf fodder(Qtl)
Straw(Qtl)
8
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Green Grass (Qt) Leaf Fodder (Qt)
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 140
Government grid is main supplier of electricity. Electricity is main source of light in
houses of study villages. Wood is main heating source of energy. People used wood for
cooking food; the use of LPG is limited in this area. However, economically sound
people used LPG and other electric heating equipments. People use electricity for light
and television. However the use of electronics (washing machine, induction heater and
heater) is very limited. Basically people used agriculture waste and dry wood as energy
resource People dependency on natural resource is high and basic naturally resources
(fuel Wood, fodder and drinking water) are available in periphery of villages. As per the
information provided by the families of the project affected village Tosh, fuel energy
details have been given in the Table 22 of Appendix III.
7.5.12 Utilization of Item
Agriculture is subsistence types and the production of wheat and rice is very low. People
purchases wheat, rice, pulses (Mash, Mong, Rajmaha etc) from market and Rashan shop.
Milk, Ghee and Vegetable are home produce and people also sell these products in
market as economic point of view. Home production in terms of wheat, rice and Maize is
low. This is supportive and very important for sustenance of family. The consumption of
meat and fish is low; they consume meat and liquor on special equation of their culture
activities. As per the information provided by the respondents of the project affected
families of the villages Barshani and Toah, data have been recorded on monthly basis
and a detail of it is given in the Table 26 and 27 of Appendix III.
7.6 Summary of Socioeconomic aspect of Project affected villages
The total population in the project affected area is 20 Households of village Tosh (112
person), out of which the male population constitute 62 (55%) and female population is
50 (45%). The population falling under general category are 90% and population falling
under Schedule Caste category Constitutes 10%. The total population in the project
affected 5 households of village Barshani is 23, out of which the male population
constitute 12 (52%) and female population is 11(48%). Literacy percentage of Tosh
village household is 79% and 21% constitutes the illiteracy percentage. Literacy
percentage of Barshani village household is 87% and 13% constitutes the illiteracy
percentage. It was further revealed that 100% of families of study villages do agriculture.
The populations of the project affected villages (Tosh and Barshani) are earns income
through three main sources i.e. from agriculture 100%, trade/business (100%) and from
shop constitute about 10%. The average income of per house hold from agriculture is
157500 and 27200 from trade and business. In village Tosh it has been found that Semi-
pucca house constitutes about 10% of total households and that of pakka-house
constitutes 90%and in village Barshani it has been found that Pucca house constitutes
about 100% of total households. Surveyed families of study villages have the important
basic assets (TV, Watch, Mobile and Radio) and very few families have modern
furniture. The use of LPG is low in study area because people mostly prefer wood for
cooking. The predominant crops of the study villages are wheat, maize, barley and
paddy. Agriculture is mostly done by traditional method, obsolete equipment and
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 141
inadequate financial resources. People dependency on agriculture is high in this area.
Their livelihood is sustained by agriculture. The average size land holding is 15.9
Bigga/household in village Tosh and 13.4 Bigga/household in village Barshani. The
production of apple in village Tosh is 136 quintals and 34 quintals of village Barshani
The total surplus of apple production is Rs. 680000. 100 % of the sampled family owned
livestock. Cows, Sheep and Goat are important livestock of project affected villages.
Tosh village expenditure per family on food articles was Rs.6092 per month and
Barshani village is Rs.5720 per month. It has been found from the survey that the fodder
dependence of the village Tosh was 35 Qtl of green grass, 9 Qtl of leaf fodder and 2 Qtl
is of the straw and the fodder dependence of the village Barshani was 8 Qtl of green
grass,2 Qtl of leaf fodder.
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 142
CHAPTER-8
IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND EVALUTION
OF IMPACTS 8.1 GENERAL
Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts as a
result of the construction and operation of the proposed Nakthan HEP have been
identified. This Chapter addresses the basic concepts and methodological approach for
conducting a scientifically based analysis of the potential impacts likely to accrue as a
result of the proposed project. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for quite a
few disciplines is subjective in nature and cannot be quantified. Wherever possible, the
impacts have been quantified and otherwise, qualitative assessment has been undertaken.
This Chapter deals with the anticipated positive as well as negative impacts due to
construction and operation of the proposed project. The construction and operation phase
comprises of various activities each of which is likely to have an impact on environment.
Thus, it is important to understand and analyze each activity so as to assess its impact on
environment. The key activities have been categorized for construction and operation
phases.
8.2 Construction Phase Activities
• Site preparation icluding tree cutting
• Land use changes i.e., river, riparian, froest and agriculture and other land into use for
project activity.A total area of 90.07 ha including forest are of 81.85 ha and 8.22 ha
private land will result in land iuse changes
• Earthwork and excavation including controlled blasting and drilling
• Construction of a diversion cum intake structure; with a storage capacity for 40.1
cumecs and 60.9 cumecs on Tosh nalla and Parbati River respectively for total storage
capcity of 101 cumecs with a single flushing discharge.
• Water conductor concreate with a length of 5786 m and 5 m horse shoe shaped on
Parbati River; 4000 m length and 3.76 horse shoe shaped on Tosh nalla to discharge
74.98 cumecs.
• Underground surge shaft and penstock
• Underground power house on right bank to generate 4 x 115= 460 MW of power
• Tail Race Tunnel Horseshoe shaped 5 m dia with + 600 m long to discharge flow into
river
• Construction of new roads and upgradation of existing roads
• Project headquarter, offices and colonies
• Disposal of muck and construction wastes
• Transportation of construction material
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• Operation and maintenance of construction equipment
• Civil and mechanical fabrication works for construction of various project components.
• Operation of DG sets
• Disposal of pollutants from workshops, etc.
• Disposal of effluents and solid waste from labour camps and colonies
8.2.1 Operation Phase Activities
• Diversion of water from river for hydropower generation
• Equipment maintenance and equipment restoration
• Sewage and solid waste generation from project colonies
• Transport and civil amenities
The various project activities and associated potential environmental impacts on various
environmental parameters have been identified and summarized in a matrix and the same
is outlined in Table 8.1.
The impacts predicted are categorized as below:
- Impacts on Water Environment
- Impacts on Air Environment
- Impacts on Noise Environment
- Impacts on Land Environment
- Impacts on Biological Environment
- Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
Table 8.1: Matrix for various project activities and associated potential
Environmental Impact on various Environmental Parameters
S.N
o
Pro
ject
inte
rven
tion
Soil
& l
an
d
Geo
logy
Hyd
rolo
gy
Wate
r Q
uali
ty
Air
Qu
ali
ty
Nois
e Q
uali
ty
Flo
ra/F
au
na
Em
plo
ym
ent
Soci
o-e
con
om
ic
A. Construction Phase
1
Site preparation
including tree
cutting
√ √ √ √
2
Earthwork and
excavation
including blasting
and drilling
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
4 Construction √ √ √
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diversion cum
intake structure,
sucha as
approach
channel,
balancing
reservoir, spilling
arrangement,
water conductor,
( adit-I &II)
5
Construction of
underground
surge shaft
√ √ √
6
Concstruction of
pressure
shaft/penstock
7
Construction of
surface
power house
√ √ √
8 Widening of
approach roads √ √ √ √ √
9
Disposal of muck
and
construction
wastes
√ √ √ √
10
Transportation of
construction
materials
√ √ √ √
11
Operation and
maintenance of
construction
equipment
√ √ √ √
12
Disposal of
sewage and solid
waste from labour
camps
√ √
13 Acquisition of
private land √ √
14 Acquisition of
forest land √ √ √
15
Acquisition of
labour
population
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
B. Operation Phase
1
Diversion of
water for
hydropower
generation
√ √ √
2 Equipment √ √ √ √
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maintenance
3
Disposal of
sewage and solid
waste from
project colony
√ √
4
Mushrooming of
allied
activities
√ √ √ √ √ √
8.3 WATER QUALITY
8.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The major sources of surface water pollution during project construction phase are as
follows:
• Sewage from labour camps/colonies
• Effluent from crushers
• Pollution due to muck disposal
• Effluents from other sources
i) Sewage from labour camps
The project construction is likely to last for a period of 4 years. As mentioned earlier,
about 1200 workers and technical staff are likely to work during project construction
phase. Assuming that 70% of the work force shall be available from the nearby areas,
only 360 workers shall reside in the project area, of which, 60 workers shall be provided
family accommodation and 300 workers shall reside in dormitories. The total increase in
population shall be about 1380 considering family size of 4 in respect of workers
provided with family accommodation. The domestic water requirement for the
construction worker and the technical staff migrating into the project area shall be
worked out @25 lpd for 840 workers and @70 lpd for 540 members residing in the
colony and shall be 58.8 kl/d, assuming that about 80% of the water supplied will be
generated as sewage, i.e., 47.04 m3/day. The BOD load contributed by domestic sources
will be about 62.1kg/ day, assuming per capita BOD contribution as 45 g/day.
The disposal of untreated sewage can lead to water pollution, resulting in increase in
coliforms and other various pathogens, which can lead to incidence of water borne
diseases. Therefore, project authorities would be taking appropriate measures to check
such disposal into the river. In order to avoid any deterioration in water quality due to
disposal of untreated sewage from labour camps, appropriate sewage treatment facilities
will be commissioned in the labour camps.
ii) Effluent from crushers
During construction phase, one crusher will be commissioned at the quarry site by the
contractor involved in construction activities. It is proposed only crushed material would
be brought at construction site. Water is required to wash the boulders and to lower the
temperature of the crushing edge. About 0.1 m3 of water is required per ton of material
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crushed. The effluent from the crusher would contain high-suspended solids. The
effluent, if disposed without treatment can lead to marginal increase in the turbidity
levels in the receiving water bodies. The natural slope in the area is such that, the effluent
from the crushers will ultimately find its way in to the river. The suspended solids as
observed at various sampling locations, during water quality monitoring studies were
observed to be between 2-24 mg/l. The composite value of suspended solids would
increase slightly. Thus it is proposed to treat the effluent from crushers in settling tank
before disposal so as to ameliorate even the marginal impacts likely to accrue on this
account.
iii) Excavation of construction material from river bed
During construction phase, a large quantity of construction material like stones, pebbles,
gravel and sand would be needed. It is proposed to extract construction material from the
riverbed. The extraction of construction material may affect the river water quality due to
increase in the turbidity levels. This is mainly because the dredged material gets released
during one or all the operations mentioned below:
Excavation of material from the river bed.
Loss of material in the river section during transport to the bank
Overflow from the dredger while loading
Loss of material from the dredger during transportation.
The cumulative impact of these operations is to increase the turbidity levels. Good
dredging practices can however, minimize turbidity. It has also been observed that slope
collapse is the major factor responsible for increase in the turbidity levels. If the depth of
cut is too high, there is possibility of slope collapse, which releases a sediment cloud.
This will further move outside the suction radius of dredged head.
8.3.2 Cohesive strength of soil
The dredging and deposition of dredged material may affect the survival and propagation
of benthic organisms. The macro-benthic life which remains attached to the stones,
boulders etc. gets dislodged and is carried away downstream by turbulent flow. The areas
from where construction material is excavated, benthic fauna get destroyed. In due
course of time, however, the area gets decolonized, with fresh benthic fauna. The density
and diversity of benthic fauna will however, be less as compared with the pre-dredging
levels.
The second important impact is on the spawning areas of fishes. Almost all the cold
water fish breed in the flowing waters. The spawning areas of these fish species are
found amongst pebbles, gravel, sand etc. The eggs are sticky in nature and remain
embedded in the gravel and subsequently hatched. Any disturbance of stream bottom
will result in adverse impacts on fish eggs. Even increase in fine solids beyond 25 ppm
will result in deposition of silt over the eggs, which would result in asphyxiation of
developing embryo and also choking of gills of young newly emerged fry. Thus,
adequate engineering measures have been recommended to mitigate the adverse impacts
on aquatic ecology.
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iv) Pollution due to muck disposal
About 13.67 lac cum muck is expected to be generated as a result of construction of
intake works, head race tunnel, power house and other appurtenant works. It is proposed
to utilize 4.78 lac cum of muck as construction material in various project structures.
Remaining 8.89 lac cum of muck shall be proposed to be disposed at designated nine
such disposal dumpling sites, which shall be well supported at base and at also at higher
elevation by suitable retaining structures. The muck will essentially come from the road-
building activity, tunneling and other excavation works. The unsorted waste going into
the river channel will greatly contribute to the turbidity of water continuously for long
time periods. The high turbidity is known to reduce the photosynthetic efficiency of
primary producers in the river and as a result, the biological productivity will be greatly
reduced. Therefore, the prolonged turbid conditions would have negative impact on the
aquatic life. Therefore, muck disposal has to be done in line with the Muck Disposal Plan
given in EMP to avoid any negative impact.
v) Due to road development
The project powerhouse is located near village Guwachha, on left bank of Tosh nallah.
The various sites of the project are approachable by NH-21 from Bhunter. For reaching
HRT Portal, Adits, Powerhouse site etc., about 28.50 km of new roads have to be
constructed as a part of the project. The details are given in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2: Project Roads to the Different Work Sites
Sl.
No. FROM TO
Length
(Km)
1. TOSH VILL. TAXI STAND TOSH BARRAGE 11.245
2. BUDHAVAN DUMPING SITE COMMON MEETING POINT 3.660
3. COMMON MEETING POINT SURGE SHAFT 2.400
4. GUWACHHA TOSH NALLAH
BRIDGE PARBATI BARRAGE 11.670
Total Length (Km) 28.975
The topography of the project area has steep to mild slopes, which descend rapidly into
valleys. The conditions can give rise to erosion hazards due to downhill movement of the
excavated mall. The project construction would entail significant vehicular movement
for transportation of construction material and heavy construction equipment. Most of
the roads in the project area would require widening apart from the new roads proposed
to be constructed for this project.
The major impacts likely to accrue as a result of construction of the roads are:
Removal of trees on slopes and re-working of the slopes in the immediate vicinity of
roads can trigger landslides, erosion gullies, etc. With the removal of vegetal cover,
erosive action of water gets pronounced and accelerates the process of soil erosion and
formation of deep gullies. Consequently, the hill faces are denuded of soil vegetative
cover and enormous quantities of soil and rock can move down the river, and in some
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 148
cases, the road itself may get washed out. To reduce the adverse impact on water quality
due to road construction adequate management plan has been formulated.
vi) Effluent from other sources
Substantial quantities of water would be used in the construction activities. With regard
to water quality, waste water from construction activities and runoff from construction
site would mostly contain suspended impurities. Adequate care should be taken so that
excess suspended solids in the wastewater are removed before discharge into water body.
The effluent is proposed to be treated by collecting the waste water and runoff from
construction sites and treating the same in settling tanks.
8.3.3 OPERATION PHASE
The major sources of water pollution during project operation phase include:
• Effluent from project colony.
• Sediments
i) Effluent from project colony
During project operation phase, due to absence of any large-scale construction activity,
the cause and source of water pollution will be much different. Since, only a small
number of O&M staff will reside in the area in a well-designed colony with sewage
treatment plant and other infrastructure facilities, the problems of water pollution due to
disposal of sewage are not anticipated.
In the operation phase, limited population will be residing in the project colony proposed
to be developed. It is proposed to provide biological treatment facilities including
secondary treatment units for sewage so generated from the BOD load after treatment. It
shall be ensured that sewage from the project colony be treated in a sewage treatment
plant so as to meet the disposal standards for effluent. Thus, with commissioning of
facilities for sewage treatment, no impact on receiving water body is anticipated. Thus,
no impacts are anticipated as a result of disposal of effluents from the project colony.
ii) Sedimentation
When a river flows along a steep gradient, it could carry a significant amount of
sediment load, depending on the degradation status of the catchment. When a hydraulic
structure is built across the river, it creates a reservoir, which tends to accumulate the
sediment, as the suspended load settles down due to decrease in flow velocity. The
proposed project is envisaged as a runoff the river scheme, with a barrage. At regular
intervals, the gates of the barrage shall be opened to flush out the sediments. Thus, in the
proposed project, sedimentation problems are not anticipated.
iii) Water resources and downstream users
The diversion of water to HRT for power generation would lead to the reduction in water
discharge in about 6.8 km river stretch downstream of Parbati barrage up to tailrace
channel of proposed power house site. There are few villages in this stretch. None of
these villages are directly dependent upon river Parbati for meeting their water
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 149
requirements. No significant impact is foreseen downstream of the head works on the
water requirement of the people living in this stretch. However, a minimum of 0.97
cumec discharge shall be released from the tailrace discharge of power house as
environmental flow. After taking into account the contribution of intervening catchment,
the flow available at the diversion cum intake structure of Nakthan HEP, shall be 2.68 +
0.97 = 3.65 cumec, which is more than 2.27 cumec (15% of average lean season flow)
and is 24% of the average flow of lean season.
iv) Impacts on river bed stability
During the construction phase a large quantity of construction material like stones,
pebbles, gravel and sand would be needed. Significant amount of material is available in
the river bed. It is proposed to extract construction material from borrow areas in the
river bed. The extraction of construction material will lead to formation of pits. The
dredging and deposition of dredged material may affect the survival and propagation of
benthic organisms. The macro-benthic life which remains attached to the stones,
boulders etc. gets dislodged and is carried away downstream by turbulent flow. Almost
all the cold water fish breed in the flowing waters. The spawning areas of these fish
species are found amongst pebbles, gravel, sand etc. The eggs are sticky in nature and
remain embedded in the gravel and subsequently hatched. Any disturbance of stream
bottom will result in adverse impacts on fish eggs. Even increase in fine solids beyond
25 ppm will result in deposition of silt over the eggs, which would result in asphyxiation
of developing embryo and also choking of gills of young newly emerged fry. Thus,
adequate precautions during dredging operations are needs to be undertaken to avoid
significant adverse impacts to aquatic ecology.
Normally, deposition of material takes place at sites where velocity reduces on account
of flattening of slopes, increase in cross-sectional area. Such sites are used for extraction
of construction material. The pits at sites after extraction of construction material will be
under constant action on account of erosion in high flows and deposition under low
flows. These pits with passage of time will be stabilized due to settlement of silt and
sediments in the pits created on the river bed. Thus, no major impacts are anticipated o
this account.
8.4. IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT
8.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The major impacts anticipated on land environment during construction are as follows:
• Quarrying operations
• Operation of construction equipment
• Soil erosion
• Muck disposal
i) Quarrying operations
The total quantities required for the construction of civil components of the SSHEP are
as follows:
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Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 150
• Concrete and Shotcrete Volume : 188697cum
• Fine Aggregate : 72105cum
• Coarse Aggregate : 116592cum
The above construction material shall be arranged from the identified quarry site. The
quantities from the HRT excavated muck and quarry site has also been proposed to be
utlized.
Fine aggregate
Requirement shall be met locally from the river bed and crushed sand.
River Bed Material for Aggregates
For the construction purpose river bed materials shall be utilized.
ii) Operation of construction equipment
During construction phase, various types of equipment will be brought to the site. These
include crushers, batching plant, drillers, earthmovers, rock bolters, etc. The siting of this
construction equipment would require significant amount of space. Similarly, space will
be required for storing various other construction equipment. In addition, land will also
be temporarily acquired, i.e. for the duration of project construction for storage of
quarried material before crushing, crushed material, cement, rubble, etc. Efforts must be
made for proper siting of these facilities.
Various criteria for selection of these sites would be:
• Proximity to the site of use
• Sensitivity of forests in the nearby areas
• Proximity from habitations
• Proximity to drinking water source
Efforts must be made to site the contractor‟s working space in such a way that the
adverse impacts on environment are minimal, i.e. to locate the construction equipment,
so that impacts on human and faunal population are minimal.
iii) Soil erosion
The runoff from the construction sites will have a natural tendency to flow towards river
or its tributaries. For some distance downstream of major construction sites, there is a
possibility of increased sediment levels which will lead to reduction in light penetration,
which in turn could reduces the photosynthetic activity to some extent of the aquatic
plants as it depends directly on sunlight. This change is likely to have an adverse impact
on the primary biological productivity of the affected stretch of river. The impacts on
these streams and rivulets thus, would be significant. Adequate measures need to be
implemented as a part of EMP to ameliorate this adverse impact to the extent possible.
iv) Muck Disposal
It is that 13.67 lac cum of muck will be generated due to excavation, out of which 4.78
lac cum is proposed to be utilized as construction material for consumptive use in non
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wearing surface like back fill, shortcreting and plumb concrete in construction of water
conductor system like HRT, surge shaft, pressure shaft, TRC, other adits and in
development works. Thus the remaining 8.89 lac cum quantity which becomes 12.88 lac
cum considering the 45% swell factor shall be disposed-off at six sites viz. D-1to D-9.
Details of the dumping sites and muck management are given in Environment
Management Plan.
8.5. IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT
In a water resources project, air pollution occurs mainly during project construction
phase. The major sources of air pollution during construction phase are:
• Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
• Emission from various crushers
• Fugitive emissions from various sources.
• Blasting Operations
• Pollution due to increased vehicular movement
• Dust emission from muck disposal.
i) Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
The operation of various construction equipments require of combustion of fuel.
Normally, diesel is used in such equipment. The major pollutant, which gets emitted as a
result of diesel combustion, is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash
content. Based on past experience in similar projects, SPM and SO2 are not expected to
increase significantly. Thus, no significant impact on ambient air quality is expected as a
result of operation of various construction equipments.
ii) Emissions from crushers
The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to generate fugitive
emissions, which can move even upto 1 km in predominant wind direction. During
construction phase, one crusher each is likely to be commissioned at the head works and
powerhouse sites. During crushing operations, fugitive emissions comprising of the
suspended particulate will be generated. There could be marginal impacts to settlements
close to the sites at which crushers are commissioned. However, based on past
experience, adverse impacts on this account are not anticipated. However, during
finalizing the project layout, it should be ensured that the labour camps, colonies, etc. are
located on the leeward side and outside the impact zone (about 1.5 to 2 km) of the
crushers. In addition, appropriate management measures have been suggested as a part of
the Environmental Management Plan.
iii) Blasting Operations
Blasting will result in vibration, which shall propagate through the rocks to various
degrees and may cause loosening of rocks/boulders. The overall impact due to blasting
operations will be restricted well below the surface and no major impacts are envisaged
at the ground level.
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During tunneling operations, dust will be generated during blasting. ID blowers will be
provided with dust handling system to capture and generated dust. The dust will settle on
vegetation, in the predominant down wind direction. Appropriate control measures have
been recommended to minimize the adverse impacts on this account.
iv) Pollution due to increased vehicular movement
During construction phase, there will be significant increase in vehicular movement for
transportation of construction material. As the proposed power house site is, at present,
not accessible by vehicle, thus, no vehicle movement exists. During construction phase,
the increase in vehicular movement is expected to increase upto a maximum of 5 to 6
trucks/hour. Thus the increase in vehicular density is not expected to significant. In
addition, these ground level emissions do not travel for long distances. Thus, no major
adverse impacts are anticipated on this account. However, green belt management has
been developed to rescue the adverse impact due to vehicular movement.
v) Dust emission from muck disposal
The loading and unloading of muck is one of the sources of dust generation. The much
will be mainly in form of small rock pieces, stone, etc., with very little dust particles.
And, significant amount of dust is not expected to be generated on this account, thus,
adverse impacts due to dust generation during muck disposal are not expected. However,
afforestation in the muck management plan will reduce negative impact.
8.6 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT
8.6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
In a water resource projects, the impacts on ambient noise levels are expected only
during the project construction phase, due to earth moving machinery, stone aggregate
crusher and concrete mixing and batching plants etc. Likewise, noise due to quarrying,
blasting, vehicular movement will have some adverse impact on the ambient noise levels
in the area. Due to underground power house, ambient air noise level shall not increase
and could be about 50 dB(A).
i) Operation of construction equipment
The noise level due to operation of various construction equipments are given in Table
8.3.
Table 8.3: Noise level due to operation of various construction equipments
Equipment Noise level dB(A)
Earth moving
Compactors 70-72
Loaders and Excavator 72-82
Dumper 72-92
Tractors 76-92
Scrappers, graders 82-92
Pavers 86-88
Truck 84-94
Materials handling
Concrete mixers 75-85
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Equipment Noise level dB(A)
Movable cranes 82-84
Stationary
Pumps 68-70
Generators 72-82
Compressors 75-85
Others
Vibrators 69-81
Saws 74-81
Under the worst-case scenario, considered for prediction of noise levels during
construction phase, it is assumed that all these equipment generate noise from a common
point. The major construction activity shall be at power house site and tunnel adits and at
intake where different construction equipment shall be deployed. The increase in noise
levels due to operation of various construction equipments is given in Table 8.4.
Table 8.4: Increase in noise levels due to operation of various Construction
equipment
It would be worthwhile to mention here that in absence of the data on actual location of
various construction equipment, all the equipment have been assumed to operate at a
common point. This assumption leads to over-estimation of the increase in noise levels.
Also, it is a known fact that there is a reduction in noise level as the sound wave passes
through a barrier. The transmission loss values for common construction materials are
given in Table 8.5.
Table 8.5: Transmission loss for common construction materials Material Thickness of construction
material (inches)
Decrease in noise level dB(A)
Light concrete 4 38
6 39
Dense concrete 4 40
Concrete block 4 32
6 36
Brick 4 33
Granite 4 40
Dis
tan
ce (
m)
Am
bie
nt
Air
No
ise
Lev
els
dB
(A)
Am
bie
nt
Air
No
ise
lev
el d
ue
to
Dep
loy
men
t o
f co
nst
ruct
ion
Eq
uip
men
t d
B(A
)
Res
ult
an
t A
mb
ien
t A
ir N
ois
e
lev
el d
ue
to c
on
stru
ctio
n
act
ivit
ies
dB
(A)
Incr
ea
se i
n A
mb
ien
t A
ir N
ois
e
Lev
el o
ver
th
e E
xis
tin
g L
evel
Du
e
to c
on
stru
ctio
n a
ctiv
itie
s
dB
(A)
0 80 85.0 86.0 6.0
100 40 45.0 46.0 6.0
200 34 39.0 40.0 6.0
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 154
Thus, the walls of various houses will attenuate at least 30 dB(A) of noise. In addition,
there are attenuation due to the following factors.
Air absorption
Rain
Atmospheric inhomogeneties.
Vegetal cover
Thus, no increase in noise levels is anticipated as a result of various activities, during the
project construction phase. Blasting can have adverse impact on wildlife, especially
along the alignment of the tunnel portion. However,, it is worthwhile to mention that no
major wildlife was observed in and around the project site. Hence, no significant impact
is expected on this account.
ii) Increased vehicular movement
During construction phase, the increase in vehicular movement is expected to increase
upto a maximum of 5 to 6 trucks/hour.As mentioned earlier, there will be significant
attenuation due to various factors, e.g. absorption by construction material, air
absorption, atmospheric in-homogeneities, and vegetal cover. Thus, no significant impact
on this account is anticipated. Sources of noise will be the vehicles and equipment for
excavation and stationary equipment, including concrete batch plant located at the
construction sites. Other sources of noise will be the use of explosives for blasting
purposes for construction activities, drilling machines and quarrying and crushing
activities.
iii) Noise Generated due to Drilling
The noise levels during various construction activities have been compared to various
standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which
are being implemented in our country through rules framed under Factories Act. It can be
observed that for an 8 hour duration, equivalent noise level exposure should be less than
90 dB(A). The Director General of Mines Safety in its Circular number DG(Tech)/18 of
1975, has prescribed the noise level in mining operations for workers in 8 hour shift
period with unprotected ear as 90 dB(A) or less. This norm can be adopted for
construction phase of the proposed project as well. The workers who are expected to be
exposed to noise levels greater than 90 dB(A), should work in these areas up to 6 to 8
hours. In addition, they also need to be provided with earplugs. Thus, increased noise
levels due to drilling are not expected to adversely affect the workers operating the drill
or involved in other mining activities closely.
iv) Due to Labour camp
The effect of high noise levels on the operating personnel has to be considered as this
may be particularly harmful. It is known that continuous exposures to high noise levels
above 90 dB(A) affects the hearing ability of the workers/operators and hence, should be
avoided. To prevent these effects, it has been recommended by Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) that the exposure period of affected persons be limited as
in Table 8.6.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 155
Table 8.6: Maximum Exposure Periods Specified by OSHA Maximum equivalent continuous
noise level dB(A)
Unprotected exposure period per day
for 8 hrs/day and 5 days/week
90 8
95 4
100 2
110 ½
120 ¼
8.7 IMPACT ON TERRESTRIAL FLORA
8.7.1 Construction Pahse
The direct impact of construction activity for any water resource project in a
mountainous terrain similar to that of proposed project is generally limited in the vicinity
of the construction sites only. As mentioned earlier, a large population including
technical staff, workers and other group of people are likely to congregate in the area
during peak project construction phase. It can be assumed that the technical staff will be
of higher economic status and will live in a more urbanized habitat, and will not use
wood as fuel, if adequate alternate sources of fuel are provided. However, workers and
other population groups residing in the area may use fuel wood (if no alternate fuel is
provided) for whom firewood/coal depot could be provided. To mitigate such impacts, it
is proposed to provide alternate fuel for cooking e.g. LPG to the Construction Workers.
The other alternative is to provide community kitchens on a cooperative basis by the
contractor. The details of the same have been covered in Environmental Management
Plan.
The other major impact on the flora in and around the project area would be due to
increased level of human interferences. The workers may also cut trees to meet their
requirements for construction of houses, furniture, etc. Normally in such situations, lot of
indiscriminate use or wastage of wood is also observed, especially in remote or
inaccessible areas. The demand for firewood and timber will increase due to increased
energy requirements for cooking for workers, camp followers, and other incoming
households and restaurants. Using timber for house construction both in working camps
and service area might also increase. Exploitation of forest produce, fruits, medicinal
plants and even wildlife hunting will also increase to meet the demand for forest
resources in the area during the project construction period. Thus, it is necessary to
implement adequate surveillance to ameliorate the adverse impacts on terrestrial flora
during project construction phase.
8.7.2 Operation Phase
The total land required for the project is 90.07 ha. Loss of agriculture land, as discussed
above, is a serious environmental impact, however, it is essential for project
development. Efforts have been made during project planning to acquire minimum
possible agriculture land.
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 156
8.8 IMPACT ON TERRESTRIAL FAUNA
Habitat loss and fragmentation are direct effects of the dam and the reservoir that is
created. However, habitats may also be lost as a result of the induced activities related to
forest clearance and change, isolation of habitats, and the creation of assess.
Habitat isolation/fragmentation might happen due to creation of Built environment
which will indirectly affect animals dependent on these habitats.
Construction Areas and Roads
There will be greater access to the forests in the catchment areas due to construction of
new access/approach roads proposed to be constructed for various project activities.
Illegal timber logging and harvesting NTFP activities might also increase due to influx of
population for the project construction. With the construction of new access roads, area
of higher altitudes covered with dense forests will become vulnerable to illegal logging,
hunting, and NTFP harvesting. These activities result in increase in erosion vulnerability,
fragmentation, and access to nearby forested areas.
8.9 IMPACT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY
Impact during Construction Phase
During construction phase, a large quantity of construction material like stones, pebbles,
gravel and sand would be needed. During mining of certain quarry areas there is a
possibility of washing down of material into the river which will lead to increase in
turbidity levels. Good mining practices can however, minimize the washing down of
material into river thus checking increase in turbidity.
The second important impact is on the spawning areas of fishes. Almost all the cold
water fish breed in the flowing waters. The spawning areas of these fish species are
found amongst pebbles, gravel, sand etc. The eggs are sticky in nature and remain
embedded in the gravel and subsequently hatched. Any disturbance of stream bottom
will result in adverse impacts on fish eggs. Even increase in fine solids beyond 25 ppm
will result in deposition of silt over the eggs, which would result in asphyxiation of
developing embryo and also choking of gills of young newly emerged fry. Thus, if
adequate precautions during mining, road construction and muck dumping operations are
not undertaken, then significant adverse impacts on aquatic ecology are anticipated.
8.10 IMPACT ON THE TERRESTIAL MICROBES
As such, there may not be any adverse impact on these microbial species including
mashrooms due to the establishment of the proposed hydropower project, as there are
similar habitats present in the catchment area harboring such microbial species.
8.11 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
A project of this magnitude is likely to entail both positive as well as negative impacts on
the socio-cultural fabric of area.
As 8.22 ha private land and 81.85 ha forest land will be acquired for the project, families
using this land are likely to be affected due acquisition for the project. In order to
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 157
compensate for the loss of their land and income from agricultural activities an
appropriate R&R compensation package has been formulated for the project affected
families. This will ensure the participation of the local population in the all round
development of the area which is otherwise neglected and lack the basic infrastructure
facilities and civic amenities.
Impact during Operation Phase
There are chances that incidence of water borne disease may increase as a result of the
construction and operation of the proposed project. In addition to the construction of the
reservoir, the following factors too would lead to the increased incidence of health
problem in and around the project area:
• Aggregation of Construction Worker
• Excavation, and
• Inadequate & facilities in Construction Worker camp
The laborers would be housed in dormitories provided by the contractor. Proper sanitary
facilities have been provided under the Waste Management Plan. Hence, a proper
surveillance and immunization schedule needs to be developed for the Construction
Worker population migrating into the project area.
Improperly planned Construction Worker camps generally tend to become slums, with
inadequate facilities for poTable water supply and sewage treatment and disposal. This
could lead to outbreak of epidemics of waterborne diseases. Adequate measures for
supply of poTable water and sewage treatment have been recommended as a part of
Environmental Management plan.
8.12 SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION
With large scale increase in construction activity of river valley projects, the number of
major accidents during construction stage has increased. Further, increased construction
activity has also created construction related hazards for persons working on the projects.
The degree of safety achieved in project constructions has a direct bearing on the amount
of effort expanded to avoid accidents by those who control the conditions and practices
on the project. In order to avoid accidents it should be the overall responsibility of the
project authorities to provide measures for the safety of all persons working on the
projects. The standards laid down for the safety aspects should be taken during
construction work. Construction activities at the site of a hydro-electric project need to
take care of safety aspect for all the activities in general and for following critical
activities in particular:
• Storage, handling, transportation, and operation of explosives required for blasting
and tunneling activities
• Underground construction work including tunneling, excavation, and other related
activities
• Construction at heights
• Fire safety aspects
• Cross drainage construction work
Draft EIA Report for Proposed Nakthan HEP (460 MW), Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 158
• Storage, handling, detection, and safety measures for gases, chemicals and
flammable liquids
• Movement of vehicles on construction site
All persons need to be made aware of the dangerous conditions and risks involved in
their activities. They should be trained to take necessary precautions for their own safety
as well as that of others working at site. This should typically involve following the Safe
Operating Procedure (SOP) wherever applicable, use of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) such as helmets, gloves, gum boots, safety harness, etc., remain active and alert
without any influence of alcohol or other intoxicating substances during working hours.
The safety requirement generally vary according to the type of structure, type of
construction methodology, type of strata encountered and number of men and type of
machinery deployed at site, therefore, it is important to develop site specific construction
safety procedures. Such SOPs need to be incorporated in letter and spirit and all the staff
involved need to be sensitized to the importance of safety and trained. A full time safety
manager, will be appointed by the project developer with duties of monitoring and audit
delegated to other staff members on safety aspects. Apart from procuring the appropriate
and adequate number of PPEs it is also important to maintain sufficient number of first
aid boxes and some volunteer strained in giving first aid treatment. Further, the outsiders
coming to site such as drivers, helpers, etc. also need to be made aware of safety
requirement of their activity. This can be achieved by putting posters carrying safety
instructions for the benefit of all and giving verbal instructions at the entry point also. A
list of BIS Standards, related to safety aspects, is provided in Table 8.7.
Table 8.7: List of BIS Standards related to safety aspects during various stages of
construction, installation, erection of different components and appurtenance of
river valley projects, including inspection, observation and maintenance aspects
from safety consideration IS No. Title
IS 10386
(Part 1):1983
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 1
General aspects
IS 10386
(Part 2):1982
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 2
Amenities, protective clothing and equipment
IS 10386
(Part 3):1992
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 3
Plant & machinery
IS 10386
(Part 4):1992
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 4
Handling, transportation and storage of explosives
IS 10386
(Part 5):1992
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 5
Electrical aspects
IS 10386
(Part 6):1983
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 6
Construction
IS 10386
(Part 7):1993
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part 7
Fire safety aspects
IS 10386
(Part 8):1995
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 8
Excavation
IS 10386
(Part 9):1998
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects Part 9
Canals and cross drainage works
IS 10386
(Part 10):1983
Safety code for construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects: Part
10 Storage, handling, detection and safety measures for gases, chemicals and
flammable liquids
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 1
Image of Parvati river near Power hose site & its confluence with Tosh in the project Influenced area
Tosh and Parvati river and their confluence
point u/s of village Barshaini Rudranath Stream and its confluence with the river Parvati
Plate-1 : General features of the study area
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 2
Parvati river at Power house side near
village Nakthan, Manikaran Sahib Parvati river at proposed dam site near
DharoThach
Water fall on right bank joins Parvati u/s
dam site at Kuri Thach View of Kuri Thach at u/s of dam site
Water fall at Nihar thach on left bank of
Parvati river at u/s of dam site Rudranath water fall on right bank of river
Parvati d/s dam site
Plate-2 : General features of the study area
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 3
Image of Tosh village and Tosh river River morphology of river Tosh near Diversion site,
Budha Van Jir Nalla near village Tosh
Midway point Kotla in Kaliveli Forest area View of Tosh Village
Plate-3 : General features of the study area
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 4
General View Of Confluence Of Tosh Nallah
And Parbati River Tosh Nallah Near Diversion Point Khirganaga –a sulphur spring origin point
A Forest Patch Of Populas Ciliata Parbati River Near Diversion Point Khirganga –a sulphur spring water on left
bank of river Parvati d/s of dam site Plate-4 : General features of the study area
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 5
View of Alpine Pasture in the study area
Catchment Forests in and around the HEP
Habitats for Wildlife along the river banks in the study area
Plate-5 : General features of the study area
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 6
Plate-6: Photograph Showing Sampler Installed for
Ambient Air Monitoring in the Area
Plate-7: Photograph Showing Noise Quality Monitoring
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 7
Indigophera gerardiana Corylus colurnea Geranium rotundifolium Calanthe tricarinata
Staphylea emodi Acer oblongum Piecia smithiana Caltha poulteris
Apple (Malus pumila) Desmodium elegans Osmunda claytoniana Sorbaria tomentosa
Plate-8 : General Flora in the study area
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 8
Spiraea sorbifolia Indigofera heterantha Euphorbia helioscopia Geranium wallichianum
Viburnum nervosum Hippophae rhamnoides Pedicularis hoffmeisteri Delphinium denudatum
Phytoleca acinosa Anemone rivularis Arisaema intermedium Asculas indica
Plate-9: General Flora in the study area
DRAFT EIA RPORT OF NAKTHAN HEP -520 MW FOR HPPLC , HP ICFRE
Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun 9
Agama lizard Common Argus Common Cerulean Dark clouded yellow
Azure saphire Fly Indian Tortoiseshell Cabbage white
Eastern Comma Ground skink Plains cupid Large Hedge Blue
Silver Hairstreak Yellow swallowtail Wasp Honey Bee
Plate-10: General Fauna in the study area
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
1
Appendix -I
Table 1: Floristic Diversity in the study area a Nakhthan HEP
S.N
o.
Fam
ily
Spec
ies
sample sites
Pla
nt g
rop
Gro
wth
form
s
LB
T
RB
T
LB
P
RB
P
DP
TN
DP
PR
PH
RB
PH
LB
ANGIOSPERMS1 Acanthaceae Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees - - - - - - + - DC H2 Strobilanthes atropurpureus Nees + + + + - + + + DC H3 Aceraceae Acer acuminatum Wallich ex D.Don + - - - - - - - DC T4 Acer caesium Wallich ex Brandis + + + + + + + + DC T5 Acer caudatum non Wallich + - + + + + + + DC T6 Acer pictum non Thumb + - - - - - - - DC T7 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. + - - + + + - DC H8 Achyranthes bidentata Blume - + + - - + - - DC H9 Acroglochin persicarioides (Poir.) Moq - - - - - - + - DC H10 Celosia argentea L. - + + + - - + + DC H11 Cyathula tomentosa (Roth) Moq. + + - + - - + - DC H12 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss + + - - + + - - DC H13 Apiaceae Bupleurum hamiltonii Balakrishnan - - - - + - - DC H14 Heracleum candicans DC. + + - - - - - - DC H15 Pimpinella acuminata (Edgew.) C.B. Clarke + - - - + - - - Dc H16 Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don - - - - - - + - DC H17 Selinum candollii DC. - - - - - - + - DC H18 Aquifoliaceae Ilex dipyrena Wallich - - - + + - - - DC T19 Araceae Arisaema costatum Wallich + + - + + + - - MC H20 Arisaema flavum (Forsk.) Schott - + + - - - - MC H21 Arisaema intermedium Blume + + + + + + + + MC H22 Arisaema tortuosum (Wallich) Schott - - + - - - + - MC H23 Arisaema utile Hk.f. ex Schott + - - + + - - - MC H24 Sauromatum guttatum (Wallich) Schott - - - + - - - - MC H
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
2
25 Typhonium diversifolium Wallich ex Schott - - - - + - - - MC H
26 Araliaceae Hedera nepalensis K. Koch - + + + + + - + DC C27 Asclepiadaceae Cynanchum auriculatum Wight - - - - + - - - DC H28 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medikus - - - + - - - + DC H29 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoidesL. - - - - + - - - DC H30 Ainsliaea aptera DC. - - + + - - - + DC H31 Ainsliaea latifolia (D.Don) Schultz + + + + + - - - DC H32 Anaphalis busua (Buch. Ham.ex D.Don) DC. - + - + + + + - DC H33 Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) C. B. Clarke + - - + + - - - DC H34 Arctium lappa L. + - + - - + + + DC H35 Artemisia indica Willd. + - + + + + + + DC H36 Artemisia parviflora Roxb.ex D.Don + - - + - - + - DC H37 Artemisia scoparia Waldstein & Kitaibel + + + + + + + - DC H38 Artemisia vulgaris auct.non L. + + - + + - + - DC H39 Aster thomsonii C.B.Clarke - - - - - + + - DC H40 Bidens pilosa L. - - - - - - + - DC H41 Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson - - - - + - - - DC H42 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. - - - - - + + - DC H43 Circium wallichii DC. + + + + + + + + DC H44 Conyza stricta Willd. + + + - - - + - DC H45 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. - - + - - - - - DC H46 Galinsoga parviflora Cav. - - - - - - + - DC H47 Gnaphalium affine D.Don - - + - + - + + DC H48 Gnaphalium coarctatum Willd. + - - - - - - - DC H49 Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC. - - - + - + - - DC H50 Gnaphalium luteo-album L. - + - - + - - + DC H51 Inula cappa (Buch. Ham.ex D.Don) Dc. + + + + + + + + DC H52 Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch - - - - - + - - DC SH53 Senecio chrysanthemoides DC. + + - + + - + - DC H54 Senecio nudicaulis Buch. Ham.ex D.Don + + + + - + - - DC H55 Senecio rufinervis DC. + + + + + + - - DC H56 Siegesbeckia orientalis L. + + - - - + - DC H57 Tagetes minuta L. - - - - - - + - DC H58 Taraxacum officinale Weber - + - - + - + - DC H
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
3
59 Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) Gray + - - - - - - - DC H60 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Lessing - - - - - - + - DC H61 Balsaminaceae Impatiens amplexicaulis Edgew. - - - + + - - - DC H62 Impatiens balsamina L. - - - + + - - - DC H63 Impatiens cristata Wall. + - + + + + + + DC SH64 Impatiens racemosa DC. + - - + + + + DC H65 Impatiens scabrida DC. - + + - - - - DC H66 Berberidaceae Berberis chitria Edwards + + - - + - - - DC SH67 Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf. - + - * + - + - DC SH68 Berberis sp. - - - - + - - - DC SH69 Berberis umbellata Wall.ex G.Don + - - + + - + - DC SH70 Betulaceae Betula utilis D.Don + - + - + + + - DC T71 Boraginaceae Hackelia uncinata (Royle ex Benth.)
C. E. C. Fischer- - - + + + - - DC H
72 Heliotropium strigosum Willd. + - - - - - - - DC H73 Myosotis alpestris L. + - - + + + - - DC H74 Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. + - - - + + + - DC H75 Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br. - - - - - - + - DC H76 Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus + + - + + - + - DC H77 Coronopus didymus (L.) J. Smith - - - - - - + - DC H78 Eruca sativa Garsault - - - - - - + - DC H79 Eruca versicaria (L.) Cav. + - - - + - + + DC H80 Erysimum hieracifolium V.I. Dorof - + - + + - + - DC H81 Thlaspi arvense L. - - - + + - + - DC H
82 Buddlejaceae Buddleja crispa Benth. - - - + - - + - DC SH83 Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa L. + + + + - - + - DC H
84 Caprifoliaceae Leycesteria formosa Wallich + - - - - - - DC SH85 Lonicera angustifolia Wallich ex DC. - - + - - - - - DC SH86 Viburnum cotinifolium D.Don - - - - + - - - DC SH87 Viburnum nervosum D.Don + + + + + + - + DC T88 Caryophyllaceae Arenaria edgeworthiana Majumdar - + - - - - - - DC H89 Arenaria serpyllifolia L. + - - + + - - - DC H90 Gypsophila cerastioides D.Don - + + - - - + - DC H
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
4
91 Lychnis indica (Roxb.ex Otth) Benth. - - - - + - - - DC H92 Silene conoidea L. + + + - - - - + DC H93 Stellaria media (L.) Villars + + - + - - + - DC H94 Celastraceae Celastrus paniculatus Willd. - - - - + + - - DC SH95 Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album L. - + - + + - + - DC H96 Chenopodium botrys L. + - - - - - + - DC H97 Commelinaceae Commelina paludosa Blume - - - - - - + - MC H98 Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) J.A. & J.H. Schultes - - - - - - + - MC H99 Corylaceae Corylus colurna non L. + + + + + + + - DC T100 Crassulaceae Sedum adenotrichum Wallich ex Edgew - - - - - - + - DC H101 Sedum ewersii Ledeb. + - - - - - - - DC H102 Sedum linearifolium Royle - - - - - - + - DC H103 Sedum multicaule Wallich ex Lindley - - - - - - + - DC H104 Cucurbitaceae Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogniaux + + - - - - + - DC H105 Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata (Rottboell) C.B. Clarke - - - - - - + - MC SED106 Bulbostylis sp. - - - + - - + - MC SED107 Carex filicina Nees - + + + + + - + MC SED108 Carex ligulata Nees - - - + + - - - MC SED109 Carex nubigena Tilloch & Taylor + - + - - + + + MC SED110 Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth + - + - + - + + MC SED111 Cyperus niveus Retz. + - - + + - + + MC SED112 Cyperus rotundus L. - - - + - - - - MC SED113 Cyperus sp. + - - - - + - - MC SED114 Eriophorum comosum (Wallich) Wallich ex
Nees+ + - + - - + + MC Sed
115 Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl - + - - - - + - MC Sed116 Fimbristylis sp. - - + - + - - - MC Sed117 Fimbristylis tenera Schultes - + - - - - - - MC Sed118 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea deltoidea Wallich ex Grisebach * * - * * * + - MC C119 Dioscorea glabra Roxb. - - - + - - - - MC H120 Elaeagnaceae Hippophae salicifolia D.Don - + - + - + + - DC T121 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia geniculata Ortega + - - - - - - - DC H122 Euphorbia helioscopia L. + + - - + - - - DC H123 Fabaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. - + - - - + - - DC H
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
5
124 Argyrolobium flaccidum (Royle) Jaubert &Spach
- + - - - - - - DC H
125 Desmodium concinnum DC. + - - - - - - - DC SH126 Desmodium elegans DC. + + - + - - + + DC SH127 Desmodium heterocarpan (L.) DC. - - - - - + - DC H128 Desmodium tiliaefolium (D.Don) Wallich - + - - - * - DC SH129 Indigofera cassioides Rottler ex DC. + - - + - - + - DC SH130 Indigofera elegans Schumach - - - - - - + - DC H131 Indigofera gerardiana Wallich ex Baker + + + + + + + + DC T132 Indigofera heterantha Wallich ex Brandis + + - + + - + + DC SH133 Parochetus communis Buch.- Ham. ex D.Don + - - - - - + - DC H134 Trifolium pratense L. + + + + + + + + DC H135 Trigonella sp. + - - - - - - - DC H136 Trigonella fimbriata Royle ex Bentham - - - - + - + - DC H137 Vicia bakeri Ali + + - - - - + - DC H138 Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray + - - - - - + - DC H139 Vicia sativa L. - - - - - - + - DC H140 Fagaceae Castanea sativa Miller + - - - - - - - DC T141 Fumariaceae Corydalis ramosa Hk.f. & Thoms - - - - - - + - DC H142 Gentianaceae Swertia cordata (G.Don) C. B. Clarke - + - - - - - DC H143 Geraniaceae Geranium nepalense Sweet + + + + + + + + DC H144 Geranium rotundifolium L. - - + - - + - + DC H145 Geranium wallichianum D.Don ex Sweet + + + + + + + + DC H146 Hippocastanaceae Aesculus indica ( Colebr.ex Cambess.) Hook. - - + + - + + + DC T147 Hydrangeaceae Deutzia staminea R.Br. ex Wallich + - - - - - - - DC SH148 Hypericaceae Hypericum cernuum Roxb.ex D.Don - - + - - - - - DC H149 Hypericum perforatum L. + - - - - - + - DC H150 Juglandaceae Juglans regia L. + - + + + + + - DC T151 Lamiaceae Ajuga parviflora Benth + + - - + - - - DC H152 Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze - - - + - - - - DC H153 Elsholtzia fruticosa (D.Don) Rehder + + - + + + + - DC SH154 Leonurus cardiaca L. + + + + + - - - DC H155 Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Sprengel + - - - - - + - DC H156 Leucas lanata Benth - - - - - + - - DC H
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157 Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson - - + + - - + - DC H158 Nepeta laevigata (D.Don) Hand.-Mazz - - - - - - + - DC H159 Origanum vulgare L. + + - + + - + - DC H160 Plectranthus rugosus Wallich ex Benth + + - + - - + - DC SH161 Prunella vulgaris L. - - - - - - + - DC H162 Salvia moorcroftiana Wallich ex Benth. + + + + + + + + DC SH163 Salvia lanata Roxb. + - - + - - + DC H164 Teucrium quadrifarium Buch.- Ham.ex
D.Don+ - + - - + - + DC H
165 Teucrium royleanum Wallich ex Benth. + + - - - - + - DC H166 Thymus linearis (Benth.Benth) - - - - - - + - DC H167 Liliaceae Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. apud D.Don + - - + + - - - MC H168 Asparagus racemosus Willd. + - - - - - - - MC H169 Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Allioni + + + + + - - - MC H170 Malvaceae Malva parviflora L. + - - - - - - - DC H171 Malva verticellata L. - + + - + - + - DC H172 Myrsinaceae Maesa indica auct.non (Roxb.) A.DC. - - - - + - - - DC SH173 Oleaceae Jasminum humile L. + + - - + - + + DC SH174 Onagraceae Oenothera rosea L' Herit. ex Aiton - - + - - - - - DC H175 Orchidaceae Calanthe tricarinata Lindley - - + + - - - - MC H176 Epipactis gigantea Douglas ex Hook. - - - - + - + - MC H177 Habenaria acuminata (Thwaites) Trimen + - - - - + - - MC H178 Habenaria edgeworthii Hk. F.ex Collett - - - + + - - + MC H179 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. + + + + - - + - DC H180 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. + - + - - + + - DC SH181 Plantaginaceae Plantago erosa Wallich in Roxb. - + - + + - - - DC H182 Plantago lanceolata L. + - + + + + - DC H183 Poaceae Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. - - - - - - + - MC G184 Anthoxanthum odoratum L. + - - - - - + - MC G185 Apluda mutica L. + + + - - - + - MC G186 Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. - - - + + - + + MC G187 Arthraxon lancifolius (Trinius) Hochst - + + - - - + - MC G188 Arundinella nepalensis Trinius + + + + + - + + MC G189 Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf - - - - - - + - MC G
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190 Briza minor L. - - - - - - + - MC G191 Bromus japonicus Thunb. - - - + - - + + MC G192 Cenchrus ciliaris L. - + - - - - + - MC G193 Chrysopogon fulvus (Sprengel) Chiovenda - + - - - - - - MC H194 Chrysopogon serrulatus Trinius - + - - - - - - MC H195 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Persoon - - - + - - + - MC G196 Dichanthium annulatum (Forsk.) Stapf - - - + - - + - MC G197 Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv.ex Roemer &
Schultes- - - - - - + - MC G
198 Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steudel - - - - - - + - MC G199 Erianthus rufipilum (Steudel) Grisebach - - + + - - + - MC G200 Eulalia mollis (Grisebach) Kuntze - - - - - - + - MC G201 Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv - - + - - + - MC G202 Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard + + - - - - + - MC G203 Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P.Beauv. - - - + + - - + MC G204 Pennisetum orientale L. + - - - - - - + MC G205 Phalaris minor Retz. - - - + - - + - MC G206 Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud - - - - - - + - MC G207 Poa alpina L. - + - - - - - - MC G208 Poa annua L. + + + + + + + + MC G209 Poa supina Schrad. - + - + - - - + MC G210 Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steudel - - - - - - + + MC G211 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desfontaines + - - - - - - - MC G212 Rottboeilia sp. - - - - - - + - MC G213 Saccharum rufipilum Steudel - - - - - - + - MC G214 Themeda anathera (Nees ex Steudel) Hackel - - + + - - + + MC G215 Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze + - - - - - - - MC G216 Podophyllaceae Podophyllum hexandrum Royle + - + + + - - - DC H217 Polygonaceae Bistorta amplexicaulis (D.Don) Greene - - + + - + + + DC H218 Bistorta vaccinifolia (Wallich ex Meisn.)
Greene- - - - - - + - DC H
219 Fagopyrum esculentum (L.) Moench + + + + + + + + DC H220 Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don)
H.Gross+ + + - + - + - DC H
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221 Polygonum amplexicaulis D.Don + - - - + + - - DC H222 Polygonum barbatum L. + + - + + - + - DC H223 Polygonum hydropiper L. - + - - - - + - DC H224 Polygonum plebeium R.Br. - - - - - - + - DC H225 Rumex hastatus D.Don + - - - - - - + DC H226 Rumex nepalensis Sprengel + + + + + + + + DC H227 Primulaceae Androsace rotundifolia Hardwicke + - - - - - - - DC H228 Ranunculaceae Anemone obtusiloba D.Don - - - + + - - - DC H229 Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC. + + - + + + - + DC H230 Aquilegia pubiflora Wallich ex Royle + - - + + - - - DC H231 Caltha palustris L. - + - - + - + DC H232 Clematis buchananiana DC. - + - + + - - - DC C233 Clematis connata DC. + - + - - + - + DC C234 Clematis grata Wallich + + - - - - - - DC C235 Clematis graveolens Lindl. + - - - - + - + DC C236 Clematis montana Buch.-Ham ex DC. - - - + - + + + DC C237 Ranunculus pulchellus C. Meyer - + - - - - - - DC H238 Ranunculus sceleratus L. + - - - - - + - DC H239 Thalictrum javanicum Blume - - - - + - - - DC H240 Thalictrum reniforme Wallich - - + + + + - + DC H241 Rosaceae Agrimonia pilosaLedebour + - + + + + + + DC H242 Cotoneaster bacillaris Wallich + + - + + - - - DC T243 Cotoneaster microphyllus Wallich ex Lindley - - - - + - - - DC SH244 Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke + + + + + + - + DC H245 Fragaria vesca L. + + + + + + + + DC H246 Potentilla argyrophylla Wallich ex Lehmann + - - - - - - - DC H247 Potentilla eriocarpa Wallich ex Lehmann + - - - - - - - DC H248 Potentilla nepalensis Hk. F. - - - - - + - - DC H249 Prinsepia utilis Royle - - + - + - + - DC SH250 Prunus avium (L.) L. + - - + - - - - DC T251 Prunus cornuta (Wallich ex Royle) Steudel + + - + + - + - DC T252 Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don - - - - + - - - DC T253 Rosa brunonii Lindley - + - - - + + - DC SH254 Rosa macrophylla Lindley + - + - - + + + DC SH
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255 Rosa moschata non Miller ex Herrmann - - - - - - + - DC SH256 Rubus ellipticus Smith. + + + - - - - - DC SH257 Rubus lasiocarpus Smith + + + + + + + + DC SH258 Rubus nepalensis (Hk. F.) Kuntze - - - - - - - + DC H259 Rubus niveus Thunb. + + + + - + - DC SH260 Rubus paniculatus Smith - - + + - + - + DC C261 Sorbaria tomentosa ( Lindley) Rehder + + - + + - + + DC T262 Spiraea canescens D.Don + + - + - - + - DC SH263 Rubiaceae Galium aparine L. + - + + + + + + DC H264 Galium asperifolium Wallich + - - + + - - + DC H265 Galium asperuloides Edgew. - + + - + + + + DC H266 Leptodermis lanceolata Wallich + - - - - - - - DC T267 Rubia cordifolia non L. + + - + - - + + DC C268 Sabiaceae Meliosma dilleniifolia ( Wallich ex Wight &
Arn.) Walpers- - - + - - - + DC T
269 Salicaceae Populus cilliata Wallich ex Royle + + + + + - + - DC T270 Salix acutifolia Willd. - - - + - - - - DC T271 Salix denticulata Anderson - + - - - - - - DC T272 Salix elegans Wallich ex Anderson - - - - - - - + DC T273 Salix oxycarpa Andersson - - - + + + + - DC T274 Salix tetrasperma Roxb. - + - + - - - - DC SH275 Salix wallichiana Anderson + - - - + - - - DC T276 Saxifragaceae Astilbe rivularis Buch.- Ham. ex D.Don - + - - - - - + DC SH277 Parnassia nubicola Wallich ex Royle - - - + + - - - DC H278 Scrophulariaceae Buddleja crispa Benth. - - - - - - + - DC H279 Mazus surculosus D.Don + - - - - - + - DC H280 Pedicularis albida Pennell - - - + + - - - DC H281 Pedicularis hoffmeisteri Klotzsch + - + - + + - - DC H282 Scrophularia himalensis Royle ex Benth. - + + - + + + + DC H283 Verbascum thapsus L. - + + + + - + - DC H284 Veronica biloba L. - - - - + - + - DC H285 Solanaceae Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertner + - - - - - - - DC H286 Solanum nigrum L. - - - - - - + - DC H287 Staphyleaceae Staphylea emodi Wallich ex Brandis - - + - - - - - DC SH
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288 Ulmaceae Celtis australis L. - - - + - - + + DC T289 Ulmus villosa Brandis ex Gamble + + + + + + + + DC T290 Ulmus wallichiana Planchon + + - - - - - - DC T291 Urticaceae Girardinia heterophylla (Vahl) Decne - - - + + - - - DC H292 Pilea scripta (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Wedd. - - + + - + - + DC H293 Pilea umbrosa Wedd. - - + - - + - + DC H294 Urtica mairei H. Lev. - - - - - - + - DC H295 Urtica parviflora Roxb. + + + - + + + - DC H296 Valerianaceae Nardostachys jatamansi DC. - - - + - + - - DC H297 Verbenaceae Caryopteris wallichiana Schauer - - - - - + - - DC H298 Violaceae Viola biflora L. - - - - - - + - DC H299 Viola canescens Wallich + + + + + + + + DC H300 Vitaceae Cissus himalayana Walp. - - - - + - - - DC C301 Cissus repanda Vahl - - + - - - - - DC C302 Parthenocissus semicordata ( Wallich)
Planchon- - + - - + - + DC C
303 Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planchon - - - + - - - - DC C304 Zingiberaceae Roscoea alpina Royle - + - - - - - - MC HGYMNOSPERMS305 Pinaceae Abies pindrow Royle - - + + - - - - GYM T306 Abies spectabilis (D.Don) Mirbel + - + - + + + - GYM T307 Cedrus deodara (Roxb.ex D.Don) G.Don + + - - - - - - GYM T308 Picea smithiana (Wallich) Boissier + + + + + - - + GYM T309 Pinus roxburghii Sargent + + + + + - - - GYM T310 Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson + + - - + + - - GYM T311 Taxaceae Taxus baccata L. + - - - + + + - GYM TPTERIDOPHYTES
312 Adiantaceae Adiantum lunulatum Burm. + + + - + + - + Pte H313 Stegnogramma mollissima (Kunze) Fraser-
Jenk- - + - - - - - Pte H
314 Aspleniaceae Asplinium sp. - - + - - - - + Pte H315 Athyriaceae Diplazium sp. - - - + + + + + Pte H316 Cryptogrammaceae Onychium contiguum Wall.ex C.Hope + - - + - - - - Pte H317 Onychium sp. - - - - + - - - Pte H
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318 Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium sp. + - - - - - + Pte H319 Sphenomeris sp. - - + + - - - - Pte H320 Dryopteridaceae Cyrtomium sp. - - - - + - + Pte H321 Dryopteris barbigera (Hk.) O. Ktze - + + - - - - - Pte H322 Dryopteris sp. + - - - - + - + Pte H323 Polystachium sp. + - - - - + - - Pte H324 Polystichum obliquum (D.Don) Moore. - - - - - - - + Pte H325 Polystichum squarrosum (D.Don) Fee - - - - - - + - Pte H
326 Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris linearis (Burm f.) Undrew - - - - - - - - Pte H327 Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana L. - - - - - - - + Pte H328 Polypodiaceae Drynaria sp. - - - + - - + + Pte H329 Thelypteridaceae Pseudophegopteris sp. + - + - - - - - Pte H330 Unidentified Unidentified Fern - - - - - - - + Pte HAbbrivations : C= Climber; DC= Dicot; DPPR= Diversion Point Parvati River; DPTN= Diversion Point Tosh Nallaha; G= Grass; H= Herb; LBP= LeftBank of Parvati River; LBT= Left Bank of Tosh Nallaha; MC= Monocot; PHLB= Power House Left Bank; PHRB= Power House Right Bank; RBP= RightBank Parvati River; RBT= Right Bank Tosh Nallaha; SED= Sedge; SH= Shrub; T= Tree; + = presence of species at the sample sites ; - = absence of speciesat the sample sites.
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Table 2: Phytosociological analysis of tree species along the left bank of Tosh Nallha during pre-monsoon Season for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No. Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Picea smithiana 33.33 75.76 2.27 0.07 18.23 52.742 Juglans regia 18.18 30.30 1.67 0.09 15.16 34.623 Abies spectabilis 24.24 45.45 1.88 0.08 3.00 21.044 Ulmus villosa 24.24 36.36 1.50 0.06 3.70 20.435 Corylus colurna 15.15 27.27 1.80 0.12 5.18 17.956 Prunus cornuta 18.18 33.33 1.83 0.10 2.87 16.587 Betula utilis 21.21 36.36 1.71 0.08 1.46 16.038 Acer pictum 24.24 30.30 1.25 0.05 0.92 15.109 Pinus wallichiana 15.15 24.24 1.60 0.11 3.56 14.9310 Pinus roxburghii 12.12 27.27 2.25 0.19 2.69 13.1611 Acer caesium 15.15 21.21 1.40 0.09 2.71 13.0912 Salix wallichiana 15.15 21.21 1.40 0.09 0.50 9.7413 Viburnum nervosum 12.12 27.27 2.25 0.19 0.37 9.6614 Ulmus wallichiana 9.09 12.12 1.33 0.15 1.33 7.2915 Cedrus deodara 6.06 9.09 1.50 0.25 1.99 6.7216 Cotoneaster bacillaris 6.06 21.21 3.50 0.58 0.19 6.2417 Indigofera gerardiana 6.06 18.18 3.00 0.50 0.18 5.6718 Taxus baccata 6.06 9.09 1.50 0.25 0.25 4.0819 Prunus avium 3.03 6.06 2.00 0.66 0.51 2.9120 Acer caudatum 3.03 9.09 3.00 0.99 0.11 2.8521 Castanea sativa 3.03 6.06 2.00 0.66 0.39 2.7222 Populus cilliata 3.03 3.03 1.00 0.33 0.49 2.3223 Leptodermis lanceolata 3.03 6.06 2.00 0.66 0.07 2.2524 Acer acuminatum 3.03 3.03 1.00 0.33 0.20 1.88
Table 3: Phytosociological analysis of shrub species at left bank of Tosh Nallha during pre-monsoonSeason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No. Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Indigofera gerardiana* 51.5 1414.1 2.5 0.1 1.54 74.42 Viburnum nervosum* 36.4 909.09 2.3 0.1 1.24 54.33 Cotoneaster microphyllus 21.2 572.39 2.4 0.1 0.27 22.84 Desmodium elegans 18.2 471.38 2.3 0.1 0.18 18.25 Sorbaria tomentosa * 21.2 404.04 1.7 0.1 0.14 17.36 Spiraea canescens 15.2 404.04 2.4 0.2 0.1 14.37 Salix wallichiana * 9.09 134.68 1.3 0.2 0.26 11.18 Berberis chitria 12.1 269.36 2 0.2 0.1 119 Rubus niveus 12.1 269.36 2 0.2 0.04 9.610 Plectranthus rugosus 9.09 202.02 2 0.2 0.08 8.3211 Acer caesium * 3.03 67.34 2 0.7 0.23 6.9812 Elsholtzia fruticosa 9.09 168.35 1.7 0.2 0.04 6.9113 Pinus wallichiana * 6.06 101.01 1.5 0.3 0.12 6.4914 Acer pictum * 9.09 134.68 1.3 0.2 0.03 6.1515 Phytolacca acinosa 6.06 67.34 1 0.2 0.13 5.9816 Ulmus villosa * 3.03 101.01 3 1 0.06 3.9917 Cotoneaster bacillaris* 6.06 67.34 1 0.2 0.03 3.8718 Salvia moorcroftiana 3.03 134.68 4 1.3 0.01 3.419 Leycesteria formosa 3.03 101.01 3 1 0.02 3.1620 Pinus roxburghii * 3.03 33.67 1 0.3 0.07 3.0521 Deutzia staminea 3.03 33.67 1 0.3 0.06 2.9222 Berberis umbellata 3.03 67.34 2 0.7 0.01 2.423 Rosa macrophylla 3.03 33.67 1 0.3 0.01 1.824 Clematis graveolens 3.03 33.67 1 0.3 0.01 1.77
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Table 4: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of Tosh Nallha during pre-monsoonSeason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Trifolium pratense 25.00 53125.00 21.25 0.85 0.340 25.482 Arctium lappa 6.25 11250.00 18.00 2.88 0.758 19.033 Salvia moorcroftiana** 18.75 8750.00 4.67 0.25 0.590 17.444 Oxalis corniculata 31.25 35000.00 11.20 0.36 0.042 16.045 Rumex nepalensis 25.00 16250.00 6.50 0.26 0.351 15.936 Anthoxanthum odoratum 12.50 15000.00 12.00 0.96 0.324 12.697 Poa annua 18.75 16875.00 9.00 0.48 0.209 12.138 Viola canescens 25.00 21250.00 8.50 0.34 0.087 12.089 Polypogon monspeliensis 12.50 28750.00 23.00 1.84 0.050 10.9710 Artemisia indica 31.25 14375.00 4.60 0.15 0.059 10.9111 Anemone rivularis 6.25 7500.00 12.00 1.92 0.301 9.0812 Arisaema intermedium 6.25 3750.00 6.00 0.96 0.293 7.9313 Origanum vulgare 12.50 10000.00 8.00 0.64 0.135 7.6814 Teucrium quadrifarium 12.50 4375.00 3.50 0.28 0.199 7.4415 Carex nubigena 18.75 6250.00 3.33 0.18 0.109 7.3716 Heracleum candicans 18.75 8125.00 4.33 0.23 0.069 7.0717 Duchesnea indica 12.50 9375.00 7.50 0.60 0.077 6.3818 Plantago lanceolata 6.25 7500.00 12.00 1.92 0.107 5.2719 Geranium nepalense 6.25 5000.00 8.00 1.28 0.140 5.2620 Rubus lasiocarpus ** 12.50 6875.00 5.50 0.44 0.054 5.2521 Fagopyrum esculentum 6.25 9375.00 15.00 2.40 0.078 5.20
22 Strobilanthes atropurpureus 6.25 5625.00 9.00 1.44 0.089 4.4323 Desmodium concinnum** 6.25 8750.00 14.00 2.24 0.040 4.3024 Conyza stricta 12.50 5000.00 4.00 0.32 0.025 4.1925 Impatiens racemosa 12.50 3125.00 2.50 0.20 0.029 3.7726 Rubia cordifolia 12.50 3125.00 2.50 0.20 0.014 3.4927 Impatiens cristata** 6.25 3750.00 6.00 0.96 0.063 3.4128 Leonurus cardiaca 6.25 5000.00 8.00 1.28 0.035 3.1929 Capsella bursa-pastoris 6.25 5000.00 8.00 1.28 0.027 3.0430 Anaphalis triplinervis 6.25 2500.00 4.00 0.64 0.058 2.9931 Myosotis sylvatica 6.25 5000.00 8.00 1.28 0.023 2.9732 Leucas cephalotes 6.25 5000.00 8.00 1.28 0.020 2.9133 Thysanolaena maxima 6.25 3125.00 5.00 0.80 0.042 2.8434 Podophyllum hexandrum 6.25 625.00 1.00 0.16 0.063 2.5835 Senecio rufinervis 6.25 2500.00 4.00 0.64 0.036 2.5636 Silene conoidea 6.25 2500.00 4.00 0.64 0.031 2.4637 Circium wallichii 6.25 1250.00 2.00 0.32 0.035 2.2038 Inula cappa 6.25 1250.00 2.00 0.32 0.027 2.0539 Indigofera heterantha** 6.25 2500.00 4.00 0.64 0.009 2.0340 Vicia hirsuta 6.25 2500.00 4.00 0.64 0.005 1.9541 Mazus surculosus 6.25 1875.00 3.00 0.48 0.009 1.8742 Agrimonia pilosa 6.25 1875.00 3.00 0.48 0.007 1.8143 Asparagus racemosus 6.25 1250.00 2.00 0.32 0.012 1.7644 Desmodium elegans** 6.25 1250.00 2.00 0.32 0.012 1.7545 Jasminum humile** 6.25 1250.00 2.00 0.32 0.005 1.6246 Clematis grata 6.25 1250.00 2.00 0.32 0.004 1.6147 Dioscorea deltoidea 6.25 625.00 1.00 0.16 0.005 1.4548 Ranunculus sceleratus 6.25 625.00 1.00 0.16 0.003 1.4249 Melothria heterophylla 6.25 625.00 1.00 0.16 0.001 1.3850 Hypericum perforatum 6.25 625.00 1.00 0.16 0.001 1.38
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14
Table 5: Phytosociological analysis of Herb species at left bank of Tosh Nallha (IZ) during monsoonseason for Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Senecio chrysanthemoides 30.30 33636.36 11.10 0.37 2.348 36.612 Fragaria vesca 45.45 115151.52 25.33 0.56 0.168 28.003 Polygonum amplexicaulis 24.24 24848.48 10.25 0.42 1.515 24.844 Viola canescens 36.36 46060.61 12.67 0.35 0.048 13.605 Myosotis sylvatica 21.21 21212.12 10.00 0.47 0.339 10.496 Poa annua 27.27 30303.03 11.11 0.41 0.012 9.217 Leonurus cardiaca 24.24 16060.61 6.63 0.27 0.247 9.018 Rumex nepalensis 27.27 10909.09 4.00 0.15 0.276 8.919 Geranium wallichianum 27.27 20909.09 7.67 0.28 0.055 8.1010 Arisaema intermedium 12.12 4848.48 4.00 0.33 0.483 8.0211 Anemone rivularis 21.21 13939.39 6.57 0.31 0.210 7.8012 Arisaema costatum 21.21 4242.42 2.00 0.09 0.346 7.6913 Salvia moorcroftiana ** 24.24 10303.03 4.25 0.18 0.140 6.8314 Circium wallichii 21.21 3333.33 1.57 0.07 0.254 6.5015 Cyperus niveus 9.09 27878.79 30.67 3.37 0.020 6.2716 Plantago lanceolata 15.15 12121.21 8.00 0.53 0.167 6.1217 Agrimonia pilosa 3.03 4242.42 14.00 4.62 0.397 5.6518 Podophyllum hexandrum 18.18 2727.27 1.50 0.08 0.225 5.6219 Ainsliaea latifolia 12.12 14545.45 12.00 0.99 0.081 5.1320 Senecio rufinervis 9.09 3939.39 4.33 0.48 0.263 4.9521 Chenopodium botrys 6.06 3333.33 5.50 0.91 0.251 4.2722 Parochetus communis 6.06 18484.85 30.50 5.03 0.014 4.1723 Polygonatum verticillatum 15.15 6363.64 4.20 0.28 0.080 4.16
24 Dioscorea deltoidea 21.21 3030.30 1.43 0.07 0.007 3.6525 Cyperus sp. 6.06 14545.45 24.00 3.96 0.011 3.4726 Galium asperifolium 9.09 10909.09 12.00 1.32 0.009 3.2727 Artemisia scoparia 12.12 5454.55 4.50 0.37 0.037 3.0928 Trifolium pratense 6.06 9696.97 16.00 2.64 0.022 2.7729 Onychium contiguum 9.09 6060.61 6.67 0.73 0.036 2.7430 Fagopyrum esculentum 6.06 6666.67 11.00 1.82 0.065 2.7431 Artemisia vulgaris 9.09 6060.61 6.67 0.73 0.029 2.6632 Pimpinella acuminata 3.03 1212.12 4.00 1.32 0.158 2.4333 Myosotis alpestris 9.09 4242.42 4.67 0.51 0.023 2.3034 Teucrium royleanum 6.06 5454.55 9.00 1.49 0.024 2.0735 Stellaria media 6.06 5757.58 9.50 1.57 0.017 2.0436 Cyperus cuspidatus 3.03 7272.73 24.00 7.92 0.019 1.8837 Cannabis sativa 6.06 909.09 1.50 0.25 0.068 1.8038 Pupalia lappacea 6.06 4545.45 7.50 1.24 0.009 1.7539 Arisaema utile 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.107 1.7040 Arenaria serpyllifolia 6.06 4242.42 7.00 1.16 0.001 1.6141 Capsella bursa-pastoris 6.06 3636.36 6.00 0.99 0.010 1.6042 Polystichum sp. 6.06 3636.36 6.00 0.99 0.009 1.6043 Silene conoidea 6.06 2727.27 4.50 0.74 0.018 1.5444 Dryopteris Sp. 6.06 2424.24 4.00 0.66 0.005 1.3445 Euphorbia helioscopia 3.03 2424.24 8.00 2.64 0.037 1.2746 Mazus surculosus 3.03 3636.36 12.00 3.96 0.017 1.2447 Androsace rotundifolia 3.03 2424.24 8.00 2.64 0.016 1.0348 Inula cappa 3.03 1515.15 5.00 1.65 0.023 0.9549 Salvia lanata 3.03 1818.18 6.00 1.98 0.015 0.9150 Pennisetum orientale 3.03 909.09 3.00 0.99 0.026 0.8851 Potentilla argyrophylla 3.03 1818.18 6.00 1.98 0.005 0.8052 Galium aparine 3.03 1818.18 6.00 1.98 0.001 0.75
53 Persicaria capitata 3.03 1212.12 4.00 1.32 0.009 0.7554 Adiantum lunulatum 3.03 1515.15 5.00 1.65 0.000 0.69
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
15
55 Pedicularis hoffmeisteri 3.03 1212.12 4.00 1.32 0.005 0.6956 Rubia cordifolia 3.03 1212.12 4.00 1.32 0.004 0.6857 Potentilla eriocarpa 3.03 1212.12 4.00 1.32 0.002 0.6658 Pseudophegopteris Sp. 3.03 1212.12 4.00 1.32 0.002 0.6659 Clematis connata 3.03 606.06 2.00 0.66 0.009 0.6460 Gnaphalium coarctatum 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.013 0.6361 Aquilegia pubiflora 3.03 606.06 2.00 0.66 0.008 0.6362 Pteridium sp. 3.03 909.09 3.00 0.99 0.001 0.6063 Eruca sativa 3.03 606.06 2.00 0.66 0.004 0.5964 Habenaria acuminata 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.008 0.5865 Impatiens cristata** 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.007 0.5766 Trigonella sp. 3.03 606.06 2.00 0.66 0.002 0.5767 Jasminum humile** 3.03 606.06 2.00 0.66 0.002 0.5768 Sedum ewersii 3.03 606.06 2.00 0.66 0.001 0.5569 Clematis vestitum 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.005 0.5470 Heliotropium strigosum 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.003 0.5371 Asparagus filicinus 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.003 0.5272 Viburnum nervosum ** 3.03 303.03 1.00 0.33 0.001 0.50
Table 6: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of Tosh Nallha) during winter season forthe Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Senecio chrysanthemoides 37.5 16875 4.5 0.1 0.1 31.72 Eriophorum comosum 25 9375 3.8 0.2 0.08 22.13 Viola canescens 37.5 11875 3.2 0.1 0.02 16.54 Artemisia scoparia 31.3 12500 4 0.1 0.02 15.75 Trifolium pratense 18.8 16250 8.7 0.5 0.01 15.36 Cirsium wallichii 31.3 6250 2 0.1 0.03 14.67 Fagopyrum esculentum 18.8 8125 4.3 0.2 0.03 13.58 Cyathula tomentosa 12.5 4375 3.5 0.3 0.04 10.59 Urtica parviflora 18.8 6250 3.3 0.2 0.02 10.210 Heracleum candicans 18.8 4375 2.3 0.1 0.03 9.9311 Tithonia diversifolia 12.5 3750 3 0.2 0.03 9.3512 Salvia moorcroftiana** 6.25 5000 8 1.3 0.03 8.7113 Indigofera heterantha** 12.5 2500 2 0.2 0.02 7.3714 Fragaria vesca 12.5 6250 5 0.4 0.01 7.2415 Geranium nepalense 12.5 3125 2.5 0.2 0.02 7.0816 Nicandra physalodes 12.5 2500 2 0.2 0.02 7.0317 Neyraudia arundinacea 6.25 3750 6 1 0.02 6.3218 Rumex nepalensis 12.5 5000 4 0.3 0.01 6.2719 Ajuga parviflora 12.5 1875 1.5 0.1 0.02 5.8520 Vicia bakeri 6.25 2500 4 0.6 0.02 5.8221 Indigofera cassioides** 12.5 3125 2.5 0.2 0.01 4.9422 Arundinella nepalensis 6.25 2500 4 0.6 0.01 4.8223 Poa annua 6.25 3125 5 0.8 0.01 4.4924 Senecio nudicaulis 12.5 2500 2 0.2 0 4.4325 Rumex hastatus 6.25 2500 4 0.6 0.01 4.2326 Dioscorea deltoidea 12.5 1250 1 0.1 0 3.727 Artemisia vulgaris 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0.01 3.0728 Siegesbeckia orientalis 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0.01 2.9229 Conyza stricta 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0.01 2.930 Strobilanthes alropurpureus 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0.01 2.931 Artemisia parviflora 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0.01 2.7132 Achyranthes aspera 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.5133 Senecio rufinervis 6.25 625 1 0.2 0.01 2.4434 Polygonum barbatum 6.25 625 1 0.2 0.01 2.3535 Cannabis sativa 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.2136 Malva parviflora 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.21
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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37 Sorbaria tomentosa** 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.2138 Apluda mutica 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.1739 Euphorbia geniculata 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.1740 Rubus ellipticus** 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.1741 Plectranthus rugosus** 6.25 1250 2 0.3 0 2.0942 Jasminum humile** 6.25 625 1 0.2 0 2.0643 Agrimonia pilosa 6.25 625 1 0.2 0 1.744 Deutzia staminea** 6.25 625 1 0.2 0 1.64
Table 7: Phytosociological analysis of tree species at right bank of Tosh Nallha during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No. Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Acer caesium 23.08 38.46 1.67 0.07 8.30 51.482 Ulmus villosa 30.77 61.54 2.00 0.07 4.35 50.553 Picea smithiana 15.38 46.15 3.00 0.20 7.19 46.294 Populus ciliata 23.08 23.08 1.00 0.04 2.92 29.325 Cedrus deodara 7.69 15.38 2.00 0.26 2.43 16.916 Salix denticulata 15.38 23.08 1.50 0.10 0.24 16.617 Pinus roxburghii 15.38 15.38 1.00 0.07 0.89 16.188 Viburnum nervosum 7.69 30.77 4.00 0.52 0.36 15.339 Hippophae salicifolia 15.38 15.38 1.00 0.07 0.51 14.9510 Corylus colurna 7.69 15.38 2.00 0.26 1.78 14.8511 Pinus wallichiana 7.69 7.69 1.00 0.13 1.50 11.4512 Prunus cornuta 7.69 7.69 1.00 0.13 0.83 9.3213 Sorbaria tomentosa 7.69 7.69 1.00 0.13 0.03 6.76
Table 8: Phytosociological analysis of shrub species at right bank of Tosh Nallha during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Indigofera gerardiana* 84.62 3333.33 3.55 0.04 4.876 121.212 Desmodium elegans 38.46 1623.93 3.80 0.10 1.239 45.263 Elsholtzia fruticosa 23.08 854.70 3.33 0.14 0.284 20.634 Sorbaria tomentosa* 15.38 427.35 2.50 0.16 0.374 14.255 Cotoneaster bacillaris* 7.69 341.88 4.00 0.52 0.567 12.856 Salix tetrasperma 15.38 170.94 1.00 0.07 0.441 12.157 Viburnum nervosum * 15.38 427.35 2.50 0.16 0.146 11.678 Berberis glaucocarpa 7.69 341.88 4.00 0.52 0.276 9.569 Spiraea canescens 15.38 256.41 1.50 0.10 0.038 8.5510 Rubus niveus 15.38 170.94 1.00 0.07 0.022 7.4211 Saussurea costus 7.69 256.41 3.00 0.39 0.085 6.4512 Salix denticulata * 7.69 170.94 2.00 0.26 0.162 6.3713 Impatiens cristata 7.69 256.41 3.00 0.39 0.063 6.2014 Ulmus wallichiana * 7.69 85.47 1.00 0.13 0.141 5.1815 Ulmus villosa * 7.69 85.47 1.00 0.13 0.075 4.4316 Berberis chitria 7.69 85.47 1.00 0.13 0.042 4.0617 Rosa brunonii 7.69 85.47 1.00 0.13 0.016 3.77
Table 9: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at right bank of Tosh Nallha during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Trifolium pratense 42.86 124285.71 29.00 0.68 0.508 43.462 Arisaema intermedium 42.86 12857.14 3.00 0.07 1.086 37.043 Duchesnea indica 42.86 108571.43 25.33 0.59 0.221 33.304 Poa annua 42.86 101428.57 23.67 0.55 0.104 29.015 Rumex nepalensis 28.57 18571.43 6.50 0.23 0.387 18.106 Verbascum thapsus 14.29 8571.43 6.00 0.42 0.457 15.557 Viola canescens 28.57 21428.57 7.50 0.26 0.057 10.348 Fagopyrum esculentum 14.29 15714.29 11.00 0.77 0.183 10.00
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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9 Seneciochrysanthemoides
14.29 5714.29 4.00 0.28 0.221 9.06
10 Leonurus cardiaca 28.57 10000.00 3.50 0.12 0.070 8.5111 Silene conoidea 28.57 8571.43 3.00 0.11 0.035 7.3712 Gypsophila cerastioides 14.29 17142.86 12.00 0.84 0.011 5.9513 Carex filicina 14.29 5714.29 4.00 0.28 0.074 5.3714 Anemone rivularis 14.29 2857.14 2.00 0.14 0.095 5.3615 Plantago erosa 14.29 8571.43 6.00 0.42 0.052 5.3616 Ainsliaea latifolia 14.29 2857.14 2.00 0.14 0.072 4.7917 Persicaria capitata 14.29 5714.29 4.00 0.28 0.037 4.4618 Malva veticellata 14.29 5714.29 4.00 0.28 0.037 4.4419 Geranium nepalense 14.29 7142.86 5.00 0.35 0.026 4.4420 Cannabis sativa 14.29 5714.29 4.00 0.28 0.035 4.3921 Erysimum hieracifolium 14.29 7142.86 5.00 0.35 0.022 4.3422 Cirsium wallichii 14.29 2857.14 2.00 0.14 0.051 4.2523 Arthraxon lancifolius 14.29 7142.86 5.00 0.35 0.017 4.2224 Salvia moorcroftiana** 14.29 2857.14 2.00 0.14 0.044 4.0825 Oxalis corniculata 14.29 5714.29 4.00 0.28 0.015 3.9026 Origanum vulgare 14.29 2857.14 2.00 0.14 0.025 3.6027 Roscoea alpina 14.29 2857.14 2.00 0.14 0.020 3.4728 Dioscorea deltoidea 14.29 1428.57 1.00 0.07 0.009 2.9429 Clematis buchananiana 14.29 1428.57 1.00 0.07 0.009 2.93
Table 10: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at right bank of Tosh Nallha during monsoon seasonfor the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Poa annua 38.46 72307.69 18.80 0.49 0.462 25.792 Senecio
chrysanthamoides38.46 28461.54 7.40 0.19 0.607 20.83
3 Fagopyrum esculentum 46.15 35384.62 7.67 0.17 0.344 18.734 Scrophularia himalensis 15.38 4615.38 3.00 0.20 0.786 16.315 Fragaria vesca 30.77 54615.38 17.75 0.58 0.116 15.836 Arisaema costatum 15.38 6923.08 4.50 0.29 0.683 14.987 Rumex nepalensis 38.46 16153.85 4.20 0.11 0.340 14.268 Trifolium pratense 30.77 41538.46 13.50 0.44 0.055 12.589 Chrysopogon serrulatus 30.77 39230.77 12.75 0.41 0.070 12.4610 Rubus lasiocarpus ** 7.69 35384.62 46.00 5.98 0.276 11.7711 Salvia moorcroftiana** 30.77 26153.85 8.50 0.28 0.157 11.7012 Senecio rufinervis 7.69 8461.54 11.00 1.43 0.435 9.9113 Viola canescens 15.38 36153.85 23.50 1.53 0.033 8.9914 Cirsium wallichii 30.77 3076.92 1.00 0.03 0.196 8.4715 Viburnum nervosum** 7.69 1538.46 2.00 0.26 0.361 7.4916 Oxalis corniculata 23.08 20000.00 8.67 0.38 0.004 6.9417 Teucrium royleanum 7.69 11538.46 15.00 1.95 0.128 5.2618 Poa supina 7.69 20769.23 27.00 3.51 0.016 4.9319 Chenopodium album 7.69 13076.92 17.00 2.21 0.072 4.5920 Artemisia vulgaris 15.38 7692.31 5.00 0.33 0.046 4.4021 Inula cappa 15.38 2307.69 1.50 0.10 0.091 4.2522 Adiantum lunulatum 7.69 9230.77 12.00 1.56 0.085 4.1423 Geranium wallichianum 15.38 10000.00 6.50 0.42 0.006 4.1224 Poa alpina 7.69 14615.38 19.00 2.47 0.012 3.8325 Silene conoidea 7.69 9230.77 12.00 1.56 0.062 3.7626 Capsella bursa-pastoris 15.38 6153.85 4.00 0.26 0.011 3.5527 Leonurus cardiaca 7.69 5384.62 7.00 0.91 0.085 3.5028 Pupalia lappacea 7.69 6153.85 8.00 1.04 0.076 3.4929 Stellaria media 15.38 6153.85 4.00 0.26 0.004 3.4330 Dryopteris barbigera 7.69 6153.85 8.00 1.04 0.066 3.3131 Clematis grata 7.69 3846.15 5.00 0.65 0.050 2.65
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
18
32 Polygonum hydropiper 7.69 4615.38 6.00 0.78 0.041 2.6333 Euphorbia helioscopia 7.69 2307.69 3.00 0.39 0.057 2.5134 Cotoneaster bacillaris ** 7.69 1538.46 2.00 0.26 0.064 2.4935 Anaphalis busua 7.69 3846.15 5.00 0.65 0.015 2.0636 Ranunculus pulchellus 7.69 3076.92 4.00 0.52 0.006 1.7837 Fimbristylis dichotoma 7.69 3076.92 4.00 0.52 0.003 1.7338 Galium asperuloides 7.69 2307.69 3.00 0.39 0.004 1.6239 Arenaria edgeworthiana 7.69 2307.69 3.00 0.39 0.001 1.5740 Polygonatum
verticillatum7.69 1538.46 2.00 0.26 0.008 1.56
41 Anaphalis triplinervis 7.69 1538.46 2.00 0.26 0.007 1.5442 Alysicarpus vaginalis 7.69 1538.46 2.00 0.26 0.003 1.4743 Argyrolobium flaccidum 7.69 1538.46 2.00 0.26 0.002 1.4544 Melothria heterophylla 7.69 769.23 1.00 0.13 0.002 1.32
Table 11: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at right bank of Tosh Nallha during winter season forthe Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Eriophorum comosum 23.53 10588.24 4.50 0.19 2.636 70.892 Fagopyrum esculentum 35.29 16470.59 4.67 0.13 0.204 19.713 Artemisia scoparia 29.41 17647.06 6.00 0.20 0.154 18.164 Senecio chrysanthemoides 23.53 13529.41 5.75 0.24 0.235 16.805 Apluda mutica 23.53 11176.47 4.75 0.20 0.041 11.046 Cyathula tomentosa 17.65 7647.06 4.33 0.25 0.161 10.907 Viola canescens 23.53 11764.71 5.00 0.21 0.011 10.678 Heracleum candicans 35.29 6470.59 1.83 0.05 0.011 9.859 Conyza stricta 23.53 4705.88 2.00 0.09 0.085 8.5810 Celosia argentea 17.65 7058.82 4.00 0.23 0.040 7.7811 Cirsium wallichii 17.65 3529.41 2.00 0.11 0.099 7.2412 Strobilanthes atropurpurreus 17.65 7058.82 4.00 0.23 0.015 7.2213 Gnaphalium luteo-album 17.65 4705.88 2.67 0.15 0.017 5.9814 Trifolium pratense 11.76 4705.88 4.00 0.34 0.006 4.7015 Arundinella nepalensis 11.76 4117.65 3.50 0.30 0.013 4.5516 Ajuga parviflora 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.115 4.3217 Neyraudia arundinacea 5.88 2352.94 4.00 0.68 0.075 4.0418 Sorbaria tomentosa** 11.76 2352.94 2.00 0.17 0.023 3.8519 Indigofera heterantha** 11.76 2352.94 2.00 0.17 0.013 3.6120 Jasminum husmile** 11.76 1764.71 1.50 0.13 0.025 3.5621 Spiraea canescens** 11.76 2352.94 2.00 0.17 0.010 3.5522 Rumex nepalensis 5.88 2352.94 4.00 0.68 0.053 3.5223 Pupalia lappacea 11.76 1764.71 1.50 0.13 0.019 3.4224 Adiantum lunulatum 5.88 3529.41 6.00 1.02 0.008 3.1025 Siegesbeckia orientalis 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.062 3.1026 Urtica parviflora 11.76 1764.71 1.50 0.13 0.002 3.0327 Fimbristylis tenera 5.88 3529.41 6.00 1.02 0.002 2.9828 Rubus ellipticus 11.76 1176.47 1.00 0.09 0.011 2.9329 Chrysopogon fulvus 5.88 2941.18 5.00 0.85 0.010 2.8530 Cenchrus ciliaris 5.88 2352.94 4.00 0.68 0.020 2.7431 Hedera nepalensis 5.88 2352.94 4.00 0.68 0.019 2.7232 Rubia cordifolia 11.76 1176.47 1.00 0.09 0.001 2.7133 Taraxacum officinale 11.76 1176.47 1.00 0.09 0.000 2.6834 Cannabis sativa 5.88 2352.94 4.00 0.68 0.014 2.6135 Swertia cordata 11.76 588.24 0.50 0.04 0.004 2.4536 Senecio nudicaulis 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.029 2.3337 Chenopodium album 5.88 2352.94 4.00 0.68 0.001 2.3138 Polygonum barbatum 5.88 1764.71 3.00 0.51 0.009 2.1739 Dioscorea deltoidea 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.010 1.8840 Plectranthus rugosus** 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.009 1.87
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
19
41 Anaphalis triplinervis 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.006 1.8042 Rosa brunonii** 5.88 588.24 1.00 0.17 0.019 1.7943 Geranium nepalense 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.003 1.7244 Astilbe rivularis 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.002 1.7145 Fragaria vesca 5.88 1176.47 2.00 0.34 0.002 1.6946 Vicia bakeri 5.88 588.24 1.00 0.17 0.005 1.4547 Achyranthes bidentata 5.88 588.24 1.00 0.17 0.004 1.44
Table 12: Phytosociological analysis of tree species at left bank of Parvati river during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Picea smithiana 25.00 41.67 1.67 0.07 49.19 64.852 Abies spectabilis 33.33 58.33 1.75 0.05 15.22 44.473 Juglans regia 25.00 66.67 2.67 0.11 15.23 42.444 Abies pindrow 25.00 58.33 2.33 0.09 8.18 34.335 Acer caesium 33.33 41.67 1.25 0.04 6.18 32.556 Aesculus indica 8.33 16.67 2.00 0.24 15.92 21.927 Populus ciliata 8.33 25.00 3.00 0.36 3.31 13.358 Corylus colurna 8.33 25.00 3.00 0.36 1.09 11.489 Betula utilis 8.33 16.67 2.00 0.24 2.22 10.3010 Ulmus villosa 8.33 16.67 2.00 0.24 0.59 8.9311 Acer caudatum 8.33 16.67 2.00 0.24 0.28 8.6612 Pinus roxburghii 8.33 8.33 1.00 0.12 0.51 6.72
Table 13: Phytosociological analysis of shrub species at left bank of Parvati river during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Viburnum nervosum* 66.67 1111.11 1.50 0.02 61.433 90.962 Abies spectabilis * 8.33 185.19 2.00 0.24 71.674 33.963 Staphylea emodi 8.33 462.96 5.00 0.60 40.500 32.224 Lonicera angustifolia 16.67 277.78 1.50 0.09 43.137 31.925 Indigofera gerardiana* 25.00 277.78 1.00 0.04 10.925 25.826 Phytolacca acinosa 16.67 277.78 1.50 0.09 3.829 18.937 Acer caesium* 8.33 185.19 2.00 0.24 22.364 17.658 Aesculus indica * 8.33 92.59 1.00 0.12 20.808 14.289 Hedera nepalensis 8.33 92.59 1.00 0.12 15.508 12.5310 Rosa macrophylla 8.33 185.19 2.00 0.24 1.963 10.9111 Cissus repanda 8.33 92.59 1.00 0.12 10.329 10.82
Table 14: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of Parvati river during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No. Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Trifolium pratense 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.335 30.192 Cirsium wallichii 66.67 14166.67 2.13 0.03 0.076 29.203 Fimbristylis sp. 25.00 10833.33 4.33 0.17 0.096 19.714 Mentha longifolia 16.67 13333.33 8.00 0.48 0.096 19.645 Rumex nepalensis 41.67 10833.33 2.60 0.06 0.003 16.306 Adiantum lunalatum 25.00 9166.67 3.67 0.15 0.021 12.957 Urtica parviflora 25.00 5000.00 2.00 0.08 0.052 12.518 Oenothera rosea 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.094 11.61
9Desmodiumtiliaefolium** 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.112 11.23
10 Fragaria vesca 25.00 8333.33 3.33 0.13 0.003 11.0511 Viola canescens 16.67 8333.33 5.00 0.30 0.003 9.3012 Arundinella nepalensis 8.33 5833.33 7.00 0.84 0.042 8.8113 Rubus paniculatus 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.044 8.4214 Apluda mutica 8.33 8333.33 10.00 1.20 0.011 8.1915 Salvia moorcroftiana** 16.67 2500.00 1.50 0.09 0.021 6.78
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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16 Prinsepia utilis** 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.056 6.4917 Celosia argentea 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.035 6.0618 Phytolacca acinosa** 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.035 6.0619 Inula cappa 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.027 6.0420 Caltha palustris 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.038 5.7021 Poa annua 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.017 5.2722 Hypericum cernum 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.005 4.3323 Emilia sonchifolia 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.017 4.1724 Rubus ellipticus** 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.017 4.1725 Viburnum nervosum** 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.015 3.9826 Geranium nepalense 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.014 3.9427 Artemisia scoparia 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.014 3.9028 Pilea scripta 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.009 3.5429 Geranium wallichianum 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.006 3.3230 Senecio nudicaulis 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.006 3.3231 Hedera nepalensis 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.004 3.1532 Gnaphalium affine 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.002 3.0233 Conyza stricta 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.004 2.6334 Themeda anathera 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.004 2.6335 Achyranthes bidentata 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.001 2.39
Table 15: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of Parvati river during monsoon seasonfor the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Fragaria vesca 41.67 90000.00 21.60 0.52 0.197 25.512 Arisaema intermedium 16.67 14166.67 8.50 0.51 1.645 23.723 Viola canescens 58.33 35833.33 6.14 0.11 0.594 22.87
4Polygonatumverticillatum 16.67 13333.33 8.00 0.48 1.524 22.21
5 Pilea scripta 25.00 58333.33 23.33 0.93 0.636 21.876 Urtica parviflora 16.67 21666.67 13.00 0.78 1.339 21.677 Rumex nepalensis 50.00 19166.67 3.83 0.08 0.589 18.398 Agrimonia pilosa 33.33 23333.33 7.00 0.21 0.071 10.599 Trifolium pratense 16.67 39166.67 23.50 1.41 0.057 10.5410 Adiantum lunulatum 25.00 30833.33 12.33 0.49 0.011 9.9011 Erianthus rufipilum 8.33 28333.33 34.00 4.08 0.105 7.7112 Salvia moorcroftiana ** 16.67 8333.33 5.00 0.30 0.289 7.5213 Impatiens scabrida 8.33 10000.00 12.00 1.44 0.287 6.4114 Arisaema tortuosum 16.67 13333.33 8.00 0.48 0.085 6.1615 Calanthe tricarinata 16.67 1666.67 1.00 0.06 0.264 6.0316 Sphenomeris sp. 16.67 10833.33 6.50 0.39 0.109 5.9617 Ainsliaea latifolia 16.67 7500.00 4.50 0.27 0.113 5.40
18Strobilanthesatropurpureus 16.67 4166.67 2.50 0.15 0.166 5.39
19 Galium asperuloides 8.33 20000.00 24.00 2.88 0.003 5.0620 Leonurus cardiaca 8.33 7500.00 9.00 1.08 0.187 4.8421 Pseudophegopteris sp. 8.33 11666.67 14.00 1.68 0.116 4.8122 Geranium wallichianum 16.67 5000.00 3.00 0.18 0.044 4.1823 Cyperus cuspidatus 8.33 11666.67 14.00 1.68 0.013 3.6624 Clematis connata 16.67 1666.67 1.00 0.06 0.037 3.49
25Stegnogrammamollissima 8.33 8333.33 10.00 1.20 0.048 3.44
26 Asplinium sp. 8.33 10000.00 12.00 1.44 0.011 3.3327 Impatiens cristata 8.33 7500.00 9.00 1.08 0.049 3.3028 Viburnum nervosum ** 8.33 7500.00 9.00 1.08 0.034 3.1329 Geranium rotundifolium 8.33 5833.33 7.00 0.84 0.056 3.0730 Podophyllum hexandrum 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.123 2.9131 Dryopteris barbigera 8.33 5833.33 7.00 0.84 0.035 2.84
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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32 Senecio rufinervis 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.048 2.6833 Arisaema flavum 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.049 2.5434 Ainsliaea aptera 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.005 2.2035 Oxalis corniculata 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.002 1.8736 Pedicularis hoffmeisteri 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.009 1.6437 Rosa macrophylla** 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.006 1.6138 Rubus paniculatus** 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.001 1.55
Table 16: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of Parvati river during winter season forthe Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Inula cappa 40.00 27333.33 6.83 0.17 1.079 23.962 Rumex nepalensis 86.67 37333.33 4.31 0.05 0.613 23.493 Galium aparine 66.67 32000.00 4.80 0.07 0.620 20.774 Arisaema intermedium 33.33 12666.67 3.80 0.11 1.070 20.555 Trifolium pratense 73.33 54000.00 7.36 0.10 0.221 19.736 Strobilanthes
atropurpureus53.33 29333.33 5.50 0.10 0.605 18.84
7 Rubus lasiocarpus** 73.33 34000.00 4.64 0.06 0.364 18.128 Duchesnea indica 60.00 41333.33 6.89 0.11 0.084 14.269 Thalictrum roniforme 53.33 21333.33 4.00 0.08 0.145 10.8710 Scrophularia himalensis 40.00 19333.33 4.83 0.12 0.200 10.0511 Impatiens cristata** 40.00 20000.00 5.00 0.13 0.166 9.6812 Poa annua 26.67 34666.67 13.00 0.49 0.046 9.4213 Arctium lappa 46.67 12000.00 2.57 0.06 0.194 9.2414 Pilea umbrosa 33.33 20000.00 6.00 0.18 0.163 9.0415 Viola canescens 40.00 19333.33 4.83 0.12 0.051 7.9516 Agrimonia pilosa 33.33 14000.00 4.20 0.13 0.069 6.6217 Geranium nepalense 20.00 9333.33 4.67 0.23 0.201 6.3918 Ainsliaea latifolia 20.00 8000.00 4.00 0.20 0.202 6.1719 Geranium rotundifolium 33.33 15333.33 4.60 0.14 0.011 6.0320 Teucrium quadrifarium 20.00 5333.33 2.67 0.13 0.218 5.9021 Carex filicina 20.00 9333.33 4.67 0.23 0.120 5.2522 Gypsophila cerastioides 26.67 12000.00 4.50 0.17 0.008 4.7623 Fagopyrum esculentum 20.00 7333.33 3.67 0.18 0.085 4.3924 Verbascum thapsus 6.67 4000.00 6.00 0.90 0.213 4.3725 Cirsium wallichii 13.33 6000.00 4.50 0.34 0.106 3.8326 Galium asperuloides 13.33 7333.33 5.50 0.41 0.006 2.6527 Leonurus cardiaca 13.33 4666.67 3.50 0.26 0.033 2.5428 Bistorta amplexicaulis 6.67 6000.00 9.00 1.35 0.050 2.4129 Arthraxon lancifolius 13.33 5333.33 4.00 0.30 0.013 2.3930 Silene conoidea 13.33 4000.00 3.00 0.23 0.016 2.1931 Carex nubigena 6.67 5333.33 8.00 1.20 0.024 1.9332 Artemisia indica 6.67 4000.00 6.00 0.90 0.013 1.5333 Persicaria capitata 6.67 2666.67 4.00 0.60 0.017 1.3534 Malva veticellata 6.67 2666.67 4.00 0.60 0.017 1.3435 Cannabis sativa 6.67 2000.00 3.00 0.45 0.012 1.1536 Parthenocissus
semicordata6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.005 0.81
Table 17: Phytosociological analysis of tree species at right bank of Parvati river during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Picea smithiana 37.50 45.83 1.22 0.03 60.18 61.442 Ulmus villosa 37.50 100.00 2.67 0.07 19.39 22.123 Corylus colurna 16.67 20.83 1.25 0.08 9.30 10.634 Aesculus indica 4.17 8.33 2.00 0.48 4.36 6.845 Salix acutifolia 8.33 37.50 4.50 0.54 0.84 5.88
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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6 Hippophae salicifolia 8.33 29.17 3.50 0.42 0.78 4.707 Acer caesium 4.17 12.50 3.00 0.72 0.97 4.698 Viburnum nervosum 16.67 62.50 3.75 0.23 0.65 4.629 Juglans regia 12.50 16.67 1.33 0.11 1.99 3.4310 Salix oxycarpa 12.50 29.17 2.33 0.19 0.42 2.9411 Prunus cornuta 12.50 20.83 1.67 0.13 0.93 2.7312 Populus ciliata 16.67 16.67 1.00 0.06 1.37 2.4313 Sorbaria tomentosa 12.50 25.00 2.00 0.16 0.27 2.4314 Abies pindrow 4.17 4.17 1.00 0.24 0.53 1.7715 Prunus avium 4.17 4.17 1.00 0.24 0.48 1.7216 Celtis australis 4.17 4.17 1.00 0.24 0.46 1.7017 Meliosma dillenifolia 8.33 8.33 1.00 0.12 0.54 1.6618 Pinus roxburghii 4.17 4.17 1.00 0.24 0.42 1.6619 Acer caudatum 4.17 4.17 1.00 0.24 0.12 1.3620 Ilex dipyrena 4.17 4.17 1.00 0.24 0.03 1.27
Table 18: Phytosociological analysis of Shrub species at right bank of Parvati River (IZ) for NakhthanHEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Viburnum nervosum* 54.17 3009.26 5.00 0.09 3.578 92.402 Sorbaria tomentosa * 45.83 1851.85 3.64 0.08 1.430 51.813 Indigophera gerardiana* 54.17 1527.78 2.54 0.05 0.750 43.194 Desmodium elegans 29.17 694.44 2.14 0.07 0.438 22.405 Salix acutifolia * 16.67 324.07 1.75 0.11 0.678 17.296 Spiraea canescens 16.67 694.44 3.75 0.23 0.264 15.937 Elsholtzia fruticosa 12.50 555.56 4.00 0.32 0.120 11.348 Buddleija crispa 8.33 324.07 3.50 0.42 0.111 7.489 Prinsepia utilis 12.50 231.48 1.67 0.13 0.055 7.3310 Plectranthus rugosus 8.33 231.48 2.50 0.30 0.031 5.5811 Berberis umbellata 4.17 92.59 2.00 0.48 0.250 5.4212 Populus ciliata * 4.17 92.59 2.00 0.48 0.241 5.3113 Cotoneaster bacillaris * 4.17 138.89 3.00 0.72 0.116 4.2514 Rubus niveus 4.17 92.59 2.00 0.48 0.020 2.6215 Juglans regia * 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.054 2.5716 Rubus lasiocarpus 4.17 92.59 2.00 0.48 0.014 2.5417 Acer caudatum* 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.051 2.54
Table 19: Phytosociological analysis of Herb Species at Right bank of Parvati River during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Fragaria vesca 25.00 55000.00 22.00 0.88 0.065 26.802 Agrimonia pilosa 33.33 31666.67 9.50 0.29 0.133 25.323 Strobilanthes
atropurpureus33.33 25000.00 7.50 0.23 0.151 24.36
4 Cirsium wallichii 25.00 4166.67 1.67 0.07 0.229 21.365 Fagopyrum esculentum 16.67 8333.33 5.00 0.30 0.161 16.636 Trifolium pratense 25.00 25000.00 10.00 0.40 0.056 16.457 Rumex nepalensis 33.33 9166.67 2.75 0.08 0.070 13.718 Mentha longifolia 8.33 14166.67 17.00 2.04 0.093 12.389 Eriophorum comosum 25.00 7500.00 3.00 0.12 0.061 11.0310 Inula cappa 25.00 7500.00 3.00 0.12 0.054 10.5711 Spiraea canescens** 25.00 5000.00 2.00 0.08 0.056 9.9112 Senecio nudicaulis 25.00 13333.33 5.33 0.21 0.010 9.5113 Viola canescens 16.67 12500.00 7.50 0.45 0.032 9.2014 Plantago lanceolata 16.67 7500.00 4.50 0.27 0.045 8.5015 Salix tetrasperma** 16.67 4166.67 2.50 0.15 0.029 6.3116 Bromus japonicus 8.33 10000.00 12.00 1.44 0.019 6.0517 Arundinella nepalensis 8.33 5833.33 7.00 0.84 0.032 5.56
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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18 Artemisia parviflora 16.67 5833.33 3.50 0.21 0.004 5.1919 Chenopodium album 8.33 8333.33 10.00 1.20 0.014 5.1420 Gerardiana heterophylla 8.33 5833.33 7.00 0.84 0.023 4.9221 Calanthe tricarinata 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.044 4.7722 Senecio
chrysanthemoides16.67 3333.33 2.00 0.12 0.002 4.21
23 Celosia argentea 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.025 3.9924 Themeda anathera 8.33 6666.67 8.00 0.96 0.002 3.7825 Bulbostylis sp. 16.67 1666.67 1.00 0.06 0.001 3.5926 Onychium contiguum 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.008 3.3827 Indigofera cassioides** 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.014 3.2528 Oxalis corniculata 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.002 3.2529 Diplazium sp. 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.009 2.9230 Anisomeles indica 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.005 2.8931 Rubus paniculatus 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.008 2.5532 Artemisia scoparia 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.007 2.2433 Hedera nepalensis 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.003 2.2334 Geranium nepalense 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.002 2.2035 Plectranthus rugosus** 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.003 2.0037 Clematis montana 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.003 1.9638 Cyathula tomentosa 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.002 1.87
Table 20: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at right bank of Parvati River during monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Fragaria vesca 54.167 195416.667 36.077 0.666 0.280 30.4652 Cirsium wallichii 50.000 11666.667 2.333 0.047 1.135 23.1413 Rumex nepalensis 50.000 30416.667 6.083 0.122 0.840 20.8924 Trifolium pratense 54.167 123750.000 22.846 0.422 0.092 20.3745 Salvia moorcroftiana** 29.167 20000.000 6.857 0.235 0.861 17.7006 Erianthus rufipilum 12.500 11250.000 9.000 0.720 1.045 17.4817 Anemone rivularis 58.333 45000.000 7.714 0.132 0.322 15.9898 Rubus lasiocarpus** 8.333 15833.333 19.000 2.280 0.766 13.4999 Arthraxon lanceolatus 45.833 62083.333 13.545 0.296 0.022 12.04510 Viola canescens 37.500 49583.333 13.222 0.353 0.073 10.50911 Cyperus niveus 25.000 47916.667 19.167 0.767 0.061 8.71512 Poa annua 33.333 40000.000 12.000 0.360 0.020 8.28713 Fagopyrum esculentum 12.500 5833.333 4.667 0.373 0.334 6.80114 Oplismenus burmannii 25.000 32500.000 13.000 0.520 0.023 6.58615 Artemisia vulgaris 25.000 12500.000 5.000 0.200 0.103 5.66116 Cyperus rotundus 8.333 38333.333 46.000 5.520 0.049 5.61917 Geranium nepalense 16.667 17916.667 10.750 0.645 0.028 4.177
18 Imperata cylindrica 12.500 21250.000 17.000 1.360 0.027 4.024
19 Sphenomeris sp. 12.500 15416.667 12.333 0.987 0.051 3.76720 Pteridium sp. 8.333 11250.000 13.500 1.620 0.100 3.557
21 Origanum vulgare 16.667 7500.000 4.500 0.270 0.022 3.01522 Pilea scripta 12.500 6666.667 5.333 0.427 0.036 2.65023 Oxalis corniculata 8.333 13333.333 16.000 1.920 0.007 2.44724 Senecio rufinervis 12.500 2083.333 1.667 0.133 0.051 2.38525 Hedera nepalensis 16.667 2500.000 1.500 0.090 0.007 2.29126 Galium aparine 8.333 11666.667 14.000 1.680 0.001 2.19127 Capsella bursa-pastoris 8.333 9583.333 11.500 1.380 0.016 2.18728 Dicranopteris linearis 4.167 6666.667 16.000 3.840 0.071 2.18729 Plectranthus rugosus** 12.500 2500.000 2.000 0.160 0.010 1.85330 Sorbaria tomentosa ** 12.500 2083.333 1.667 0.133 0.010 1.80531 Ainsliaea latifolia 4.167 5833.333 14.000 3.360 0.050 1.79232 Carex filicina 4.167 7500.000 18.000 4.320 0.036 1.776
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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33 Seneciochrysanthemoides
4.167 2500.000 6.000 1.440 0.066 1.683
34 Poa supina 8.333 6666.667 8.000 0.960 0.001 1.67335 Gnaphalium
hypoleucum8.333 3333.333 4.000 0.480 0.025 1.662
36 Arenaria serpyllifolia 8.333 6250.000 7.500 0.900 0.003 1.65937 Arisaema flavum 8.333 1250.000 1.500 0.180 0.036 1.61438 Cynodon dactylon 4.167 9583.333 23.000 5.520 0.005 1.54039 Onychium contiguum 4.167 5416.667 13.000 3.120 0.032 1.49540 Geranium wallichianum 4.167 6250.000 15.000 3.600 0.019 1.39841 Mentha longifolia 4.167 2916.667 7.000 1.680 0.042 1.38242 Leonurus cardiaca 4.167 1666.667 4.000 0.960 0.044 1.28643 Diplazium sp. 4.167 3750.000 9.000 2.160 0.027 1.26144 Agrimonia pilosa 8.333 1666.667 2.000 0.240 0.005 1.21145 Sauromatum guttatum 4.167 1250.000 3.000 0.720 0.042 1.20646 Drynaria Sp. 4.167 2916.667 7.000 1.680 0.026 1.15347 Polygonum barbatum 4.167 5833.333 14.000 3.360 0.004 1.13948 Dicanthium annulatum 4.167 5000.000 12.000 2.880 0.009 1.12649 Inula cappa 4.167 833.333 2.000 0.480 0.022 0.88050 Impatiens scabrida 4.167 1250.000 3.000 0.720 0.012 0.78351 Nardostachys jatamansi 4.167 1250.000 3.000 0.720 0.011 0.76552 Verbascum thapsus 4.167 1250.000 3.000 0.720 0.010 0.75453 Vincetoxicum
hirundinaria4.167 1666.667 4.000 0.960 0.004 0.710
54 Cannabis sativa 4.167 833.333 2.000 0.480 0.009 0.70255 Ainsliaea aptera 4.167 1666.667 4.000 0.960 0.002 0.68156 Asparagus filicinus 4.167 833.333 2.000 0.480 0.006 0.658
57 Tetrastigma serrulatum 4.167 833.333 2.000 0.480 0.004 0.62658 Bistorta amplexicaulis 4.167 416.667 1.000 0.240 0.004 0.588
59 Dioscorea glabra 4.167 833.333 2.000 0.480 0.001 0.58860 Stellaria media 4.167 833.333 2.000 0.480 0.000 0.57661 Picea smithiana ** 4.167 416.667 1.000 0.240 0.003 0.57362 Phalaris minor 4.167 833.333 2.000 0.480 0.000 0.57263 Berberis glaucocarpa ** 4.167 416.667 1.000 0.240 0.002 0.55764 Desmodium elegans ** 4.167 416.667 1.000 0.240 0.002 0.55565 Rubia cordifolia ** 4.167 416.667 1.000 0.240 0.001 0.54166 Dioscorea deltoidea 4.167 416.667 1.000 0.240 0.001 0.536
Table 21: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at right bank of Parvati River during winter seasonfor the Nakhthan HEP
S.No. Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Trifolium pratense 50.00 87000.00 17.40 0.35 6.795 62.112 Salvia moorcroftiana** 55.00 35000.00 6.36 0.12 2.520 28.753 Arisaema utile 5.00 58000.00 116.00 23.20 1.491 20.024 Arisaema intermedium 55.00 17500.00 3.18 0.06 1.551 19.965 Fagopyrum esculentum 25.00 17000.00 6.80 0.27 1.935 17.786 Duchesnea Indica 35.00 45500.00 13.00 0.37 0.136 14.247 Poa annua 35.00 30500.00 8.71 0.25 0.000 10.688 Anemone rivularis 35.00 25500.00 7.29 0.21 0.060 10.089 Rumex nepalensis 20.00 19000.00 9.50 0.48 0.403 8.6910 Galium asperifolium 30.00 22000.00 7.33 0.24 0.047 8.6511 Geranium nepalense 25.00 16000.00 6.40 0.26 0.324 8.4012 Viola canescens 15.00 23000.00 15.33 1.02 0.042 6.6613 Senecio chrysanthemoides 25.00 11000.00 4.40 0.18 0.106 6.2214 Polygonatum verticillatum 15.00 8500.00 5.67 0.38 0.066 4.10
15 Artemisia indica 15.00 6500.00 4.33 0.29 0.051 3.6416 Impatiens amplexicaulis 10.00 10000.00 10.00 1.00 0.046 3.55
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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18 Thalictrum reniforme 15.00 6500.00 4.33 0.29 0.020 3.4719 Arisaema costatum 15.00 4000.00 2.67 0.18 0.082 3.3620 Impatiens balsamina 10.00 6500.00 6.50 0.65 0.120 3.3221 Cirsium wallichii 15.00 4000.00 2.67 0.18 0.061 3.2422 Agrimonia pilosa 15.00 4500.00 3.00 0.20 0.024 3.1223 Carex ligulata 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.302 3.0924 Indigofera heterantha** 15.00 4500.00 3.00 0.20 0.014 3.0625 Origanum vulgare 10.00 7500.00 7.50 0.75 0.032 3.0126 Anemone obtusiloba 10.00 7500.00 7.50 0.75 0.017 2.9227 Myosotis alpestris 10.00 4500.00 4.50 0.45 0.111 2.9028 Podophyllum hexandrum 10.00 2500.00 2.50 0.25 0.141 2.7029 Plantago erosa 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.224 2.6430 Rubus lasiocarpus ** 10.00 4500.00 4.50 0.45 0.006 2.3031 Aquilegia pubiflora 5.00 2000.00 4.00 0.80 0.173 2.0732 Anaphalis triplinervis 5.00 5000.00 10.00 2.00 0.063 2.0033 Hedera nepalensis 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.130 1.6434 Erysimum hieracifolium 5.00 4000.00 8.00 1.60 0.025 1.6035 Polygonum barbatum 5.00 4000.00 8.00 1.60 0.016 1.5536 Pedicularis albida 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.020 1.4837 Impatiens cristatum** 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.020 1.4838 Habenaria edgeworthii 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.097 1.4539 Senecio rufinervis 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.012 1.4440 Parnassia nubicola 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.088 1.4041 Anaphalis busua 5.00 2000.00 4.00 0.80 0.044 1.3443 Arenaria serpyllifohia 5.00 2500.00 5.00 1.00 0.019 1.2944 Ainsliaea latifolia 5.00 1500.00 3.00 0.60 0.010 1.0545 Artemisia vulgaris 5.00 1500.00 3.00 0.60 0.007 1.0346 Indigofera gerardiana** 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.023 1.0347 Hackelia uncinata 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.018 1.0148 Clematis buchananiana 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.007 0.9449 Arisaema tortuosum 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.007 0.9450 Thlaspi arvense 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.006 0.9451 Chenopodium album 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.004 0.8352 Dioscorea deltoidea 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.001 0.81
Table 22: Phytosociological analysis of Tree species at Tosh Nallha (Diversion Point) for Nakhthan HEPS.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI
1 Abies spectabilis 50.00 135.00 2.70 0.05 3.00 62.342 Pinus wallichiana 40.00 105.00 2.63 0.07 2.72 51.933 Picea smithiana 45.00 110.00 2.44 0.05 2.24 50.684 Prunus cornuta 20.00 60.00 3.00 0.15 0.58 20.895 Betula utilis 15.00 45.00 3.00 0.20 0.94 19.746 Pinus roxburghii 20.00 35.00 1.75 0.09 0.47 16.267 Taxus baccata 15.00 40.00 2.67 0.18 0.36 14.328 Populus ciliata 15.00 20.00 1.33 0.09 0.63 13.439 Acer caesium 15.00 30.00 2.00 0.13 0.34 12.6510 Acer caudatum 15.00 20.00 1.33 0.09 0.45 11.9711 Corylus colurna 10.00 20.00 2.00 0.20 0.13 7.6812 Juglans regia 5.00 20.00 4.00 0.80 0.24 6.7213 Ulmus villosa 5.00 5.00 1.00 0.20 0.40 5.7314 Salix wallichiana 5.00 5.00 1.00 0.20 0.04 2.8615 Salix oxycarpa 5.00 5.00 1.00 0.20 0.03 2.81
Table 23: Phytosociological analysis of Shrub species at Tosh Nallha (Diversion Point) for Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Cotoneaster capillaris* 26.67 444.44 1.50 0.06 0.140 54.882 Indigofera gerardiana* 13.33 296.30 2.00 0.15 0.088 32.73
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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3 Elsholtzia fruticosa 20.00 296.30 1.33 0.07 0.049 32.424 Cotoneaster microphyllus 6.67 222.22 3.00 0.45 0.113 28.33
5 Viburnum nervosum* 13.33 222.22 1.50 0.11 0.068 27.246 Picea smithiana* 6.67 148.15 2.00 0.30 0.091 22.497 Sorbaria tomentosa* 13.33 222.22 1.50 0.11 0.018 20.738 Maesa indica 6.67 148.15 2.00 0.30 0.073 20.139 Berberis glaucocarpa 6.67 222.22 3.00 0.45 0.038 18.4810 Pinus wallichiana* 6.67 74.07 1.00 0.15 0.036 12.4111 Viburnum cotonifolium 6.67 74.07 1.00 0.15 0.033 11.9412 Berberis umbellata 6.67 74.07 1.00 0.15 0.013 9.3313 Berberis chitria 6.67 74.07 1.00 0.15 0.009 8.89
Table 24: Phytosociological analysis of Herb species at Tosh Nallha (Diversion Point) during pre-monsoonseason for Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Fragaria vesca 85.71 177857.14 20.75 0.24 0.327 58.552 Viola canescans 85.71 67857.14 7.92 0.09 0.954 50.383 Oplismenus burmannii 50.00 51428.57 10.29 0.21 0.180 22.794 Diplazium sp. 14.29 7142.86 5.00 0.35 0.767 22.225 Cirsium wallichii 50.00 16428.57 3.29 0.07 0.454 21.996 Geranium nepalense 42.86 25714.29 6.00 0.14 0.220 17.237 Ageratum conyzoides 35.71 19285.71 5.40 0.15 0.105 12.008 Rumex nepalensis 14.29 8571.43 6.00 0.42 0.253 10.099 Salvia moorcroftiana** 21.43 12857.14 6.00 0.28 0.057 7.3310 Trifolium pratense 14.29 10714.29 7.50 0.53 0.060 5.8611 Cyperus cuspidatus 7.14 12857.14 18.00 2.52 0.081 5.7612 Achyranthes aspera 28.57 4285.71 1.50 0.05 0.019 5.6713 Carex filicina 14.29 8571.43 6.00 0.42 0.052 5.2414 Urtica parviflora 7.14 2142.86 3.00 0.42 0.150 5.1515 Ajuga parviflora 7.14 1428.57 2.00 0.28 0.140 4.7516 Cissus himalayana 21.43 2857.14 1.33 0.06 0.015 4.2017 Gnaphalium luteo-album 7.14 2857.14 4.00 0.56 0.074 3.4618 Fimbristylis sp. 7.14 3571.43 5.00 0.70 0.061 3.3119 Gerardiana heterophylla 7.14 2142.86 3.00 0.42 0.041 2.5320 Sorbaria tomentosa** 14.29 1428.57 1.00 0.07 0.003 2.5221 Berberis sp.** 14.29 1428.57 1.00 0.07 0.001 2.4822 Arundinella nepalensis 7.14 4285.71 6.00 0.84 0.012 2.2823 Pupalia lappacea 7.14 3571.43 5.00 0.70 0.016 2.2124 Adiantum lunulatum 7.14 4285.71 6.00 0.84 0.002 2.0425 Salvia lanata 7.14 3571.43 5.00 0.70 0.007 2.0126 Picea smithiana** 7.14 1428.57 2.00 0.28 0.018 1.8127 Arthraxon lanceolata 7.14 2857.14 4.00 0.56 0.003 1.7628 Hedera nepalensis 7.14 1428.57 2.00 0.28 0.009 1.6029 Prinsepia utilis** 7.14 1428.57 2.00 0.28 0.009 1.5930 Dioscorea deltoidea 7.14 1428.57 2.00 0.28 0.004 1.4831 Blainvillea acmella 7.14 714.29 1.00 0.14 0.010 1.4732 Celastrus paniculatus** 7.14 714.29 1.00 0.14 0.010 1.4733 Inula cappa 7.14 1428.57 2.00 0.28 0.003 1.4534 Artemisia scoparia 7.14 714.29 1.00 0.14 0.007 1.3935 Jasminum humile** 7.14 714.29 1.00 0.14 0.006 1.3736 Ilex dipyrena** 7.14 714.29 1.00 0.14 0.002 1.2837 Pyrus pashia** 7.14 714.29 1.00 0.14 0.001 1.25
Table 25: Phytosociological analysis of Herb species at Tosh Nallha (Diversion Point) during monsoonseason for Nakhthan HEP
S.No. Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Fragaria vesca 90.00 416000.00 46.22 0.51 0.091 46.83
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2 Trifolium pratense 20.00 43000.00 21.50 1.08 0.005 22.583 Cyperus cuspidatus 30.00 61000.00 20.33 0.68 0.039 21.054 Cyperus niveus 5.00 8000.00 16.00 3.20 0.001 19.205 Viola canescens 55.00 91500.00 16.64 0.30 0.027 16.976 Poa annua 15.00 20000.00 13.33 0.89 0.002 14.227 Polygonum amplexicaulis 20.00 25500.00 12.75 0.64 0.102 13.498 Persicaria capitata 5.00 5000.00 10.00 2.00 0.010 12.019 Anemone rivularis 30.00 32500.00 10.83 0.36 0.160 11.3510 Rumex nepalensis 60.00 60500.00 10.08 0.17 0.272 10.5211 Plantago lanceolata 10.00 9000.00 9.00 0.90 0.044 9.9412 Geranium wallichianum 60.00 57000.00 9.50 0.16 0.043 9.7013 Artemisia vulgaris 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.005 8.4014 Capsella bursa-pastoris 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.004 8.4015 Gnaphalium affine 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.003 8.4016 Leonurus cardiaca 20.00 15500.00 7.75 0.39 0.066 8.2017 Galium asperifolium 20.00 12000.00 6.00 0.30 0.002 6.3018 Agrimonia pilosa 10.00 5500.00 5.50 0.55 0.049 6.1019 Impatiens racemosa 5.00 2500.00 5.00 1.00 0.040 6.0420 Malva verticellata 5.00 2500.00 5.00 1.00 0.006 6.0121 Senecio chrysanthemoides 20.00 11000.00 5.50 0.28 0.059 5.8322 Myosotis alpestris 25.00 13500.00 5.40 0.22 0.020 5.6423 Salvia moorcroftiana ** 65.00 34000.00 5.23 0.08 0.151 5.4624 Galium asperuloides 10.00 4500.00 4.50 0.45 0.001 4.9525 Onychium sp. 5.00 2000.00 4.00 0.80 0.029 4.8326 Senecio rufinervis 5.00 2000.00 4.00 0.80 0.027 4.8327 Adiantum lunulatum 10.00 4000.00 4.00 0.40 0.000 4.4028 Arisaema intermedium 15.00 5500.00 3.67 0.24 0.192 4.1029 Polygonatum verticillatum 15.00 5500.00 3.67 0.24 0.027 3.9430 Arisaema costatum 50.00 11500.00 2.30 0.05 0.288 2.6331 Myosotis sylvatica 30.00 7000.00 2.33 0.08 0.019 2.4332 Sorbaria tomentosa** 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.004 2.4033 Typhonium diversifolium 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.004 2.4034 Artemisia scoparia 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.001 2.4035 Eruca sativa 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.001 2.4036 Veronica biloba 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.001 2.4037 Pedicularis hoffmeisteri 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.001 2.4038 Dioscorea deltoidea 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.001 2.4039 Chenopodium album 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.001 2.4040 Podophyllum hexandrum 25.00 3500.00 1.40 0.06 0.065 1.5241 Taraxacum officinale 15.00 2000.00 1.33 0.09 0.011 1.4342 Verbascum thapsus 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.068 1.2743 Scrophularia himalensis 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.021 1.2244 Viburnum nervosum** 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.002 1.2045 Clematis buchananiana 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.002 1.2046 Ainsliaea latifolia 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.002 1.2047 Rubus niveus** 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.002 1.2048 Epipactis gigantea 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.001 1.2049 Thalictrum javanicum 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.001 1.2050 Lychnis indica 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.001 1.2051 Cynanchum auriculatum 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.001 1.2052 Indigofera gerardiana** 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.000 1.2053 Trigonella fimbriata 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.000 1.2054 Galium aparine 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.000 1.2055 Pimpinella acuminata 10.00 1000.00 1.00 0.10 0.013 1.1156 Asparagus filicinus 10.00 1000.00 1.00 0.10 0.003 1.1057 Cirsium wallichii 25.00 2500.00 1.00 0.04 0.060 1.10
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Table 26: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at Tosh Nallha (diversion point) during winter seasonfor the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Arisaema utile 5.00 58000.00 116.00 23.20 6.979 52.752 Salvia moorcroftiana** 70.00 35000.00 5.00 0.07 2.277 27.373 Trifolium pratense 40.00 87000.00 21.75 0.54 0.575 24.004 Arisaema intermedium 20.00 17500.00 8.75 0.44 1.362 13.445 Duchesnea Indica 30.00 45500.00 15.17 0.51 0.276 13.356 Anemone rivularis 35.00 25500.00 7.29 0.21 0.647 12.297 Poa annua 30.00 30500.00 10.17 0.34 0.263 10.448 Galium asperifolium 40.00 22000.00 5.50 0.14 0.325 10.249 Senecio
chrysanthemoides20.00 11000.00 5.50 0.28 0.748 8.58
10 Thlaspi arvense 75.00 1000.00 0.13 0.00 0.026 8.1611 Polygonum barbatum 65.00 4000.00 0.62 0.01 0.009 7.5812 Origanum vulgare 55.00 7500.00 1.36 0.02 0.021 7.2713 Plantago erosa 60.00 3500.00 0.58 0.01 0.039 7.1414 Geranium nepalense 25.00 16000.00 6.40 0.26 0.206 6.8415 Fagopyrum esculentum 25.00 17000.00 6.80 0.27 0.162 6.7716 Rumex nepalensis 20.00 13500.00 6.75 0.34 0.255 6.1417 Viola canescens 15.00 23000.00 15.33 1.02 0.018 6.0218 Indigofera
gerardiana**50.00 1000.00 0.20 0.00 0.003 5.42
19 Hedera nepalensis 45.00 1000.00 0.22 0.00 0.021 5.0020 Thalictrum reniforme 15.00 6500.00 4.33 0.29 0.295 4.5321 Arisaema costatum 5.00 4000.00 8.00 1.60 0.397 3.6222 Clematis buchananiana 30.00 1000.00 0.33 0.01 0.010 3.3823 Impatiens amplexicaulis 10.00 10000.00 10.00 1.00 0.068 3.33
24 Aquilegia pubiflora 5.00 5000.00 10.00 2.00 0.277 3.1025 Carex ligulata 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.304 2.9826 Anemone obtusiloba 5.00 7500.00 15.00 3.00 0.146 2.8027 Podophyllum
hexandrum10.00 2500.00 2.50 0.25 0.214 2.78
28 Cirsium wallichii 10.00 4000.00 4.00 0.40 0.151 2.6929 Artemisia indica 10.00 6500.00 6.50 0.65 0.022 2.4030 Impatiens balsamina 5.00 6500.00 13.00 2.60 0.108 2.39
31 Anaphalis triplinervis 5.00 5000.00 10.00 2.00 0.154 2.38
32 Rubus lasiocarpus ** 10.00 4500.00 4.50 0.45 0.050 2.19
33 Indigoferaheterantha**
10.00 4500.00 4.50 0.45 0.020 2.01
34 Agrimonia pilosa 10.00 4500.00 4.50 0.45 0.016 1.9835 Euphorbia helioscopia 5.00 5000.00 10.00 2.00 0.038 1.6936 Hackelia uncinata 10.00 1000.00 1.00 0.10 0.074 1.6737 Senecio rufinervis 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.080 1.6638 Anaphalis busua 10.00 2000.00 2.00 0.20 0.002 1.4339 Myosotis alpestris 5.00 4500.00 9.00 1.80 0.009 1.4340 Pedicularis albida 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.037 1.4041 Arenaria serpyllifohia 5.00 2500.00 5.00 1.00 0.066 1.3942 Impatiens cristatum** 5.00 3500.00 7.00 1.40 0.028 1.3443 Ainsliaea latifolia 5.00 2500.00 5.00 1.00 0.058 1.3344 Artemisia vulgaris 5.00 1500.00 3.00 0.60 0.016 0.9045 Habenaria edgeworthii 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.011 0.7846 Chenopodium album 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.027 0.7747 Parnassia nubicola 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.006 0.7548 Arisaema flavum 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.005 0.7449 Erysimum hieracifolium 5.00 1000.00 2.00 0.40 0.003 0.73
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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50 Dioscorea deltoidea** 5.00 500.00 1.00 0.20 0.003 0.63
Table 27 : Phytosociological analysis of tree species at Parvati river (diversion point) during pre-monsoon season for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Abies spectabilis 73.33 180.00 2.45 0.03 108.28 134.972 Taxus baccata 60.00 273.33 4.56 0.08 6.86 68.603 Acer caudatum 53.33 86.67 1.63 0.03 11.77 41.754 Betula utilis 26.67 53.33 2.00 0.08 3.29 20.455 Corylus colurna 13.33 13.33 1.00 0.08 0.61 7.456 Acer caesium 6.67 20.00 3.00 0.45 1.53 6.647 Aesculus indica 6.67 6.67 1.00 0.15 1.57 4.678 Pinus wallichiana 6.67 13.33 2.00 0.30 0.07 4.559 Juglans regia 6.67 6.67 1.00 0.15 0.35 3.7610 Salix oxycarpa 6.67 6.67 1.00 0.15 0.13 3.6011 Ulmus villosa 6.67 6.67 1.00 0.15 0.08 3.56
Table 28: Phytosociological analysis of shrub species at Parvati river (diversion point) during pre-monsoon season for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Viburnum nervosum * 40.00 3333.33 7.50 0.19 1.375 150.852 Hippophae salicifolia* 6.67 518.52 7.00 1.05 0.438 32.373 Pinus wallichiana* 13.33 222.22 1.50 0.11 0.147 21.554 Indigofera gerardiana* 6.67 222.22 3.00 0.45 0.248 19.505 Rosa macrophylla 13.33 296.30 2.00 0.15 0.049 19.266 Abies spectabilis* 13.33 148.15 1.00 0.08 0.121 19.197 Aesculus indica * 6.67 222.22 3.00 0.45 0.143 15.528 Elsholtzia fruticosa 6.67 222.22 3.00 0.45 0.032 11.329 Acer caesium* 6.67 74.07 1.00 0.15 0.083 10.45
Table 29: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at Parvati river (diversion point) during pre-monsoon season for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Trifolium pratense 100.00 123333.33 12.33 0.12 0.154 33.422 Rumex nepalensis 86.67 55333.33 6.38 0.07 0.908 33.043 Galium aparine 73.33 42666.67 5.82 0.08 0.826 28.214 Inula cappa 33.33 26000.00 7.80 0.23 1.026 24.595 Duchesnea indica 80.00 58000.00 7.25 0.09 0.159 20.526 Strobilanthes
atropurpureus53.33 29333.33 5.50 0.10 0.605 20.30
7 Rubus lasiocarpus ** 73.33 34000.00 4.64 0.06 0.364 19.188 Thalictrum reniforme 73.33 21333.33 2.91 0.04 0.145 13.479 Impatiens cristata** 40.00 24000.00 6.00 0.15 0.199 11.3810 Viola canescens 26.67 19333.33 7.25 0.27 0.298 10.8611 Scrophularia himalensis 40.00 19333.33 4.83 0.12 0.200 10.61
12 Poa annua 33.33 37333.33 11.20 0.34 0.049 10.4713 Arctium lappa 46.67 12000.00 2.57 0.06 0.194 9.9714 Pilea umbrosa 33.33 20000.00 6.00 0.18 0.163 9.4515 Geranium nepalense 26.67 10666.67 4.00 0.15 0.229 8.2816 Agrimonia pilosa 33.33 14000.00 4.20 0.13 0.069 6.9017 Carex filicina 26.67 10666.67 4.00 0.15 0.142 6.8618 Teucrium quadrifarium 20.00 5333.33 2.67 0.13 0.218 6.5119 Geranium rotundifolium 20.00 10666.67 5.33 0.27 0.008 3.9620 Galium asperuloides 13.33 7333.33 5.50 0.41 0.006 2.6921 Bistorta amplexicaulis 6.67 6000.00 9.00 1.35 0.050 2.5122 Carex nubigena 6.67 5333.33 8.00 1.20 0.024 1.9723 Artemisia indica 6.67 4000.00 6.00 0.90 0.013 1.57
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24 Cirsium wallichii 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.045 1.5325 Parthenocissus
semicordata6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.005 0.88
26 Clematis graveolens 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.003 0.85
Table 30: Phytosociological analysis of Herb species along the Parbati River (Diversion Point) duringmonsoon season for Nakhthan HEP
S.No. Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Arisaema intermedium 40.00 17333.33 4.33 0.11 2.282 48.942 Fragaria vesca 66.67 162000.00 24.30 0.36 0.293 42.723 Trifolium pratense 26.67 74000.00 27.75 1.04 0.123 18.744 Rumex nepalensis 46.67 18666.67 4.00 0.09 0.360 16.585 Salvia moorcroftiana
**40.00 26666.67 6.67 0.17 0.307 15.99
6 Viola canescens 46.67 38666.67 8.29 0.18 0.120 15.777 Plantago lanceolata 20.00 16000.00 8.00 0.40 0.538 15.178 Cirsium wallichii 26.67 6666.67 2.50 0.09 0.414 12.459 Anemone rivularis 40.00 28666.67 7.17 0.18 0.037 11.6310 Arisaema costatum 33.33 10666.67 3.20 0.10 0.199 10.3811 Poa annua 26.67 26666.67 10.00 0.38 0.093 10.2212 Adiantum lunulatum 20.00 41333.33 20.67 1.03 0.007 10.1713 Impatiens racemosa 33.33 18000.00 5.40 0.16 0.107 10.0114 Dryopteris sp. 20.00 18000.00 9.00 0.45 0.046 6.9115 Polygonum
amplexicaulis6.67 5333.33 8.00 1.20 0.250 6.30
16 Polystachium sp. 13.33 18000.00 13.50 1.01 0.022 5.4717 Geranium rotundifolium 13.33 8666.67 6.50 0.49 0.029 4.0218 Gnaphalium
hypoleucum13.33 4666.67 3.50 0.26 0.037 3.48
19 Myosotis sylvatica 6.67 4000.00 6.00 0.90 0.076 3.0220 Pedicularis hoffmeisteri 6.67 3333.33 5.00 0.75 0.071 2.8221 Alysicarpus vaginalis 6.67 9333.33 14.00 2.10 0.009 2.7622 Senecio rufinervis 6.67 2666.67 4.00 0.60 0.071 2.7123 Habenariaa acuminata 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.073 2.5224 Cyperus sp. 6.67 8000.00 12.00 1.80 0.007 2.4925 Galium asperuloides 6.67 8000.00 12.00 1.80 0.005 2.4626 Clematis connata 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.049 1.9827 Cyrtomium sp. 6.67 4000.00 6.00 0.90 0.004 1.7628 Fagopyrum esculentum 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.022 1.5229 Saussurea costus** 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.021 1.5030 Hackelia uncinata 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.013 1.4731 Bupleurum hamiltonii 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.012 1.4632 Polygonum barbatum 6.67 2000.00 3.00 0.45 0.005 1.4533 Viburnum nervosum** 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.009 1.4034 Agrimonia pilosa 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.001 1.2635 Myosotis alpestris 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.005 1.2336 Thalictrum reniforme 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.005 1.22
Table 31: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at parvati river (diversion point) during winterseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Viola canescens 46.67 28000.00 6.00 0.13 0.266 33.812 Fragaria vesca 40.00 54666.67 13.67 0.34 0.020 32.863 Salvia moorcroftiana** 20.00 5333.33 2.67 0.13 0.517 30.304 Inula cappa 26.67 9333.33 3.50 0.13 0.158 16.645 Galium aparine 33.33 16000.00 4.80 0.14 0.041 15.416 Rumex nepalensis 20.00 8666.67 4.33 0.22 0.159 15.10
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7 Geranium wallichianum 26.67 16666.67 6.25 0.23 0.036 14.19
8 Potentilla nepalensis 13.33 8000.00 6.00 0.45 0.162 13.659 Pupalia lappacea 13.33 6666.67 5.00 0.38 0.114 10.8310 Diplazium sp. 26.67 8000.00 3.00 0.11 0.038 10.4411 Anaphalis busua 26.67 7333.33 2.75 0.10 0.015 9.0812 Urtica parviflora 20.00 3333.33 1.67 0.08 0.075 8.8013 Phytolacca acinosa** 13.33 3333.33 2.50 0.19 0.081 7.8014 Caltha palustris 6.67 3333.33 5.00 0.75 0.096 7.2515 Artemisia scoparia 20.00 5333.33 2.67 0.13 0.017 7.0316 Hedera nepalensis 26.67 2666.67 1.00 0.04 0.014 6.9817 Strobilanthes atropurpuraeus 13.33 4666.67 3.50 0.26 0.025 5.80
18 Leucas lanata 20.00 3333.33 1.67 0.08 0.007 5.6619 Celastrus paniculatus** 13.33 2666.67 2.00 0.15 0.027 5.0120 Aster thomsonii 6.67 2000.00 3.00 0.45 0.053 4.6221 Senecio nudicaulis 6.67 2666.67 4.00 0.60 0.039 4.2922 Pilea scripta 6.67 2666.67 4.00 0.60 0.036 4.1523 Achyranthes aspera 6.67 2666.67 4.00 0.60 0.035 4.1124 Poa annua 6.67 4666.67 7.00 1.05 0.002 3.4725 Caryopteris wallichiana 6.67 2000.00 3.00 0.45 0.023 3.2526 Achyranthes bidentata 6.67 2000.00 3.00 0.45 0.015 2.8827 Clematis montana 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.020 2.8128 Adiantum lunulatum 6.67 2666.67 4.00 0.60 0.006 2.7429 Rosa brunonii** 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.020 2.5330 Nardostachys jatamansi 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.013 2.4631 Rubus paniculatus** 6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.009 2.2732 Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum6.67 1333.33 2.00 0.30 0.002 1.96
33 Dioscorea deltoidea 6.67 666.67 1.00 0.15 0.006 1.84
Table 32: Phytosociological analysis of trees at right bank power house site for the Nakhthan HEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Taxus baccata 50.00 291.67 5.83 0.12 18.61 71.932 Abies spectabilis 83.33 208.33 2.50 0.03 16.97 71.363 Acer caudatum 58.33 91.67 1.57 0.03 13.88 46.354 Betula utilis 25.00 100.00 4.00 0.16 8.30 29.585 Acer caesium 16.67 66.67 4.00 0.24 12.78 28.686 Aesculus indica 8.33 25.00 3.00 0.36 5.66 12.517 Corylus colurna 16.67 41.67 2.50 0.15 1.79 12.298 Juglans regia 16.67 25.00 1.50 0.09 1.94 10.609 Salix oxycarpa 16.67 25.00 1.50 0.09 0.55 8.8910 Pyrus pashia 8.33 8.33 1.00 0.12 0.31 4.0211 Ulmus villosa 8.33 8.33 1.00 0.12 0.13 3.80
Table 33: Phytosociological analysis of shrub species at right bank of power house site for the NakhthanHEP
S.No Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Indigofera gerardiana* 62.50 1805.56 2.60 0.04 1.892 63.622 Desmodium elegans 66.67 1851.85 2.50 0.04 0.818 48.433 Plectranthus rugosus 45.83 2453.70 4.82 0.11 0.498 43.584 Prinsepia utilis 45.83 1250.00 2.45 0.05 1.013 40.115 Elsholtzia fruticosa 20.83 648.15 2.80 0.13 0.073 12.956 Spiraea canescens 16.67 324.07 1.75 0.11 0.273 11.857 Berberis glaucocarpa 16.67 324.07 1.75 0.11 0.254 11.558 Berberis umbellata 8.33 185.19 2.00 0.24 0.453 11.099 Rosa moschata 16.67 324.07 1.75 0.11 0.217 10.9810 Salix oxycarpa* 12.50 231.48 1.67 0.13 0.285 10.03
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11 Buddleja crispa 8.33 324.07 3.50 0.42 0.229 8.9212 Sorbaria tomentosa* 12.50 231.48 1.67 0.13 0.160 8.0713 Ulmus villosa * 4.17 92.59 2.00 0.48 0.076 3.1914 Populus ciliata* 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.052 2.3815 Hippophae salicifolia* 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.040 2.2016 Celtis australis* 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.035 2.1217 Jasminum humile 4.17 92.59 2.00 0.48 0.003 2.0618 Phytolacca acinosa 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.028 2.0119 Rubus niveus 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.006 1.6720 Rubia cordifolia 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.003 1.6221 Dioscorea deltoidea 4.17 46.30 1.00 0.24 0.002 1.60
Table 34: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at right bank of power house site during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Cenchrus ciliaris 45.83 55000.00 12.00 0.26 0.464 43.072 Desmodium
tiliaefolium**33.33 6666.67 2.00 0.06 0.662 24.10
3 Neyraudia arundinacea 12.50 15833.33 12.67 1.01 0.642 23.164 Cyathula tomentosa 20.83 12083.33 5.80 0.28 0.254 15.025 Eriophorum comosum 8.33 2083.33 2.50 0.30 0.530 14.026 Diplazium sp. 12.50 5833.33 4.67 0.37 0.317 11.937 Plectranthus rugosus** 37.50 6666.67 1.78 0.05 0.021 11.268 Aster thomsonii 20.83 7916.67 3.80 0.18 0.136 10.719 Senecio
chrysanthemoides16.67 5833.33 3.50 0.21 0.210 10.53
10 Cirsium wallichii 12.50 3750.00 3.00 0.24 0.282 10.2811 Rumex nepalensis 16.67 5416.67 3.25 0.20 0.121 8.4512 Buddleja crispa 8.33 2916.67 3.50 0.42 0.240 8.1613 Clematis montana 20.83 6250.00 3.00 0.14 0.050 8.1514 Artemisia parviflora 20.83 6666.67 3.20 0.15 0.028 7.8615 Bulbostylis sp. 4.17 7083.33 17.00 4.08 0.175 7.6416 Arundinella nepalensis 16.67 5000.00 3.00 0.18 0.038 6.4717 Bidens pilosa 8.33 9166.67 11.00 1.32 0.007 5.8218 Apluda mutica 8.33 8333.33 10.00 1.20 0.011 5.5619 Artemisia scoparia 8.33 2916.67 3.50 0.42 0.105 5.2620 Rottboelia sp. 8.33 7500.00 9.00 1.08 0.004 5.0421 Rosa brunonii** 12.50 1666.67 1.33 0.11 0.072 4.9022 Celosia argentea 12.50 3750.00 3.00 0.24 0.014 4.5423 Eulalia mollis 4.17 5833.33 14.00 3.36 0.027 3.9524 Urtica parviflora 8.33 2083.33 2.50 0.30 0.053 3.7825 Themeda anathera 4.17 5000.00 12.00 2.88 0.031 3.6826 Strobilanthes
atropurpureus4.17 5000.00 12.00 2.88 0.024 3.53
27 Drynaria sp. 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.012 3.4528 Indigofera cassioides** 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.009 3.0229 Brachiaria ramosa 4.17 4583.33 11.00 2.64 0.002 2.8730 Rosa macrophylla** 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.002 2.5131 Conyza stricta 4.17 1250.00 3.00 0.72 0.035 2.1832 Siegesbeckia orientalis 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.039 2.0733 Fagopyrum esculentum 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.011 1.8334 Arthraxon lanceolatus 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.002 1.8235 Vicia bakeri 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.002 1.8136 Indigofera heterantha** 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.025 1.7837 Leucas cephalotes 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.000 1.7838 Vernonia cinerea 4.17 1250.00 3.00 0.72 0.005 1.5139 Oxalis corniculata 4.17 1250.00 3.00 0.72 0.000 1.4240 Eragrostis tenella 4.17 1250.00 3.00 0.72 0.000 1.42
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41 Eruca sativa 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.002 1.2842 Mentha longifolia 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 1.2743 Capsella bursa-pastoris 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.002 1.10
Table 35: Phytosociological analysis of Herb species at Right Bank of Power House site during monsoonseason for Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Chenopodium album 29.17 20833.33 7.14 0.24 3.177 35.722 Bromus japonicus 16.67 6250.00 3.75 0.23 2.817 28.923 Oxalis corniculata 41.67 63333.33 15.20 0.36 0.063 14.504 Trifolium pratense 91.67 26250.00 2.86 0.03 0.018 10.425 Rumex nepalensis 75.00 18750.00 2.50 0.03 0.212 9.916 Mentha longifolia 8.33 15833.33 19.00 2.28 0.587 8.937 Arthraxon lancifolius 12.50 37916.67 30.33 2.43 0.036 7.928 Fagopyrum esculentum 16.67 28750.00 17.25 1.04 0.153 7.649 Artemisia indica 33.33 22500.00 6.75 0.20 0.101 7.0210 Impatiens cristata 45.83 10833.33 2.36 0.05 0.202 6.6411 Viola biflora 95.83 1666.67 0.17 0.00 0.007 6.1412 Thalspi arvense 87.50 2500.00 0.29 0.00 0.022 5.9313 Origanum vulgare 58.33 6250.00 1.07 0.02 0.096 5.5514 Poa annua 66.67 5833.33 0.88 0.01 0.044 5.4915 Mazus surculosus 54.17 10833.33 2.00 0.04 0.021 5.4116 Capsella bursa-pastoris 20.83 17083.33 8.20 0.39 0.105 5.3317 Solanum nigrum 83.33 833.33 0.10 0.00 0.016 5.3218 Prunella vulgaris 70.83 3750.00 0.53 0.01 0.026 5.1919 Scrophularia
himalensis79.17 833.33 0.11 0.00 0.009 5.01
20 Erysimum hieracifolium 12.50 16250.00 13.00 1.04 0.107 4.6921 Salvia moorcroftiana** 4.17 4583.33 11.00 2.64 0.376 4.6522 Cannabis sativa 8.33 17916.67 21.50 2.58 0.061 4.3123 Phragmites australis 62.50 1666.67 0.27 0.00 0.009 4.1524 Viola canescens 16.67 13750.00 8.25 0.50 0.070 4.1425 Parochetus communis 4.17 20000.00 48.00 11.52 0.011 3.9526 Geranium nepalense 4.17 8333.33 20.00 4.80 0.216 3.8027 Eragrostis uniloides 37.50 6666.67 1.78 0.05 0.017 3.63
28 Rubus lasiocarpus** 8.33 10000.00 12.00 1.44 0.116 3.4129 Conyza stricta 16.67 10000.00 6.00 0.36 0.061 3.3830 Arisaema intermedium 12.50 2083.33 1.67 0.13 0.235 3.3631 Plectranthus rugosus** 16.67 8750.00 5.25 0.32 0.079 3.3332 Carex nubigena 4.17 9166.67 22.00 5.28 0.146 3.2933 Indigofera elegans 50.00 833.33 0.17 0.00 0.005 3.2134 Saccharum rufipilum 12.50 7916.67 6.33 0.51 0.077 2.9135 Galium asperuloides 41.67 1666.67 0.40 0.01 0.001 2.8336 Verbascum thapsus 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.143 2.7637 Achyranthes aspera 8.33 10000.00 12.00 1.44 0.010 2.3938 Desmodium heterantha 33.33 1666.67 0.50 0.02 0.007 2.3839 Cenchrus ciliaris 4.17 7916.67 19.00 4.56 0.065 2.2940 Senecio
chrysanthemoides4.17 2916.67 7.00 1.68 0.138 2.09
41 Corydalis ramosa 29.17 416.67 0.14 0.00 0.001 1.8442 Chenopodium botrys 25.00 833.33 0.33 0.01 0.005 1.7043 Bulbostylis barbata 4.17 2916.67 7.00 1.68 0.093 1.6644 Arctium lappa 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.112 1.6245 Cyanotis vaga 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.004 1.4446 Anthoxanthum
odoratum8.33 4583.33 5.50 0.66 0.006 1.38
47 Cyathula tomentosa 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.078 1.37
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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48 Cirsium wallichii 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.059 1.3649 Myosotis sylvatica 12.50 2916.67 2.33 0.19 0.007 1.3550 Malva verticellata 4.17 4166.67 10.00 2.40 0.027 1.2551 Ranunculus sceleratus 8.33 2916.67 3.50 0.42 0.016 1.18
52 Dicliptera bupleuroides 4.17 3333.33 8.00 1.92 0.024 1.0853 Phytolacca acinosa** 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.073 1.0254 Polygonum plebeium 4.17 4166.67 10.00 2.40 0.002 1.0255 Desmodium elegans** 8.33 2083.33 2.50 0.30 0.011 0.9856 Impatiens racemosa 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.034 0.9557 Vicia hirsuta 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.000 0.9558 Epipactis gigantea 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.016 0.9559 Thymus linearis 4.17 3333.33 8.00 1.92 0.009 0.9460 Chrysanthemum
leucanthansum4.17 2500.00 6.00 1.44 0.022 0.91
61 Strobilanthesatropurpureus
8.33 1250.00 1.50 0.18 0.017 0.89
62 Plantago lanceolata 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.022 0.8463 Anaphalis busua 4.17 1250.00 3.00 0.72 0.037 0.8364 Bistorta amplexicaulis 4.17 2500.00 6.00 1.44 0.013 0.8265 Gnaphalium affine 4.17 2500.00 6.00 1.44 0.012 0.8166 Buddleja crispa 8.33 1250.00 1.50 0.18 0.007 0.7967 Briza minor 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.017 0.7968 Melothria heterophylla 8.33 1250.00 1.50 0.18 0.004 0.7669 Taraxacum officinale 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.011 0.7370 Polygonum barbatum 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.005 0.6871 Urtica mairei 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.008 0.63
72 Hypericum perforatum 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.006 0.6173 Artemisia parviflora 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.004 0.5974 Indigofera cassioides** 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.002 0.5775 Selinum candollii 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.017 0.5676 Inula cappa 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.013 0.52
77 Bistorta vaccinifolia 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.020 0.5278 Indigofera hetrantha** 4.17 1250.00 3.00 0.72 0.001 0.4979 Tagetes minuta 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.006 0.4580 Phalaris minor 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.004 0.44
81 Trichodesma indicum 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.004 0.4482 Alopelurus
arundinaceus4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.004 0.44
83 Polypogon fugax 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.004 0.4484 Rubia cordifolia 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.004 0.4485 Galinsoga parviflora 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.004 0.4386 Sedum adenotrichum 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.4187 Jasminum humile** 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.4188 Sanicula elata 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.005 0.3789 Dioscorea deltoidea 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.002 0.35
Table 36: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at right bank of power house site during winterseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Imperata cylindrica 58.33 77500.00 13.29 0.23 0.071 26.082 Erianthus rufipilum 4.17 5833.33 14.00 3.36 0.730 25.963 Trifolium pratense 37.50 48750.00 13.00 0.35 0.078 17.634 Oxalis corniculata 45.83 50000.00 10.91 0.24 0.020 17.225 Artemisia vulgaris 37.50 20833.33 5.56 0.15 0.110 13.356 Polystichum
squarrosum4.17 3750.00 9.00 2.16 0.328 12.24
7 Rumex nepalensis 25.00 9166.67 3.67 0.15 0.198 12.16
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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8 Cynodon dactylon 16.67 34166.67 20.50 1.23 0.025 9.90
9 Conyza stricta 25.00 12083.33 4.83 0.19 0.113 9.8710 Cannabis sativa 12.50 18333.33 14.67 1.17 0.088 8.3411 Caltha palustris 25.00 16666.67 6.67 0.27 0.022 7.7512 Cirsium wallichii 16.67 3333.33 2.00 0.12 0.135 7.6613 Poa annua 12.50 25833.33 20.67 1.65 0.020 7.50
14 Mentha longifolia 16.67 7083.33 4.25 0.26 0.099 7.1815 Arthraxon lanceolatus 25.00 14166.67 5.67 0.23 0.012 6.94
16 Thlaspi arvense 16.67 12916.67 7.75 0.47 0.037 6.24
17 Eruca sativa 8.33 5416.67 6.50 0.78 0.104 5.76
18 Plantago lanceolata 8.33 1250.00 1.50 0.18 0.117 5.40
19 Capsela bursa-pastoris 8.33 4583.33 5.50 0.66 0.090 5.14
20 Mazus surculosus 12.50 13750.00 11.00 0.88 0.004 4.68
21 Salvia moorcroftiana** 8.33 2083.33 2.50 0.30 0.076 4.20
22 Geranium wallichianum 12.50 7916.67 6.33 0.51 0.015 3.92
23 Viola canescens 12.50 9166.67 7.33 0.59 0.006 3.8524 Chenopodium album 12.50 8333.33 6.67 0.53 0.009 3.8225 Plectranthus rugosus** 4.17 3333.33 8.00 1.92 0.068 3.5326 Saccharum rufipilum 4.17 2916.67 7.00 1.68 0.069 3.4927 Cyperus niveus 4.17 12916.67 31.00 7.44 0.009 3.4128 Fagopyrum esculentum 8.33 5416.67 6.50 0.78 0.030 3.3129 Bromus japonicus 12.50 1666.67 1.33 0.11 0.031 3.2630 Cyperus cuspidatus 4.17 8750.00 21.00 5.04 0.023 3.0631 Verbascum thapsus 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.063 2.7932 Dicanthium annulatum 4.17 9166.67 22.00 5.28 0.008 2.6533 Acroglochin
persicarioides8.33 6250.00 7.50 0.90 0.005 2.63
34 Desmodium tiliaefolium 8.33 6666.67 8.00 0.96 0.001 2.5835 Veronica biloba 8.33 5833.33 7.00 0.84 0.005 2.5436 Stellaria media 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.013 2.5037 Polygonum hydropiper 4.17 2916.67 7.00 1.68 0.026 2.0638 Arisaema tortuosum 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.040 2.0439 Polygonum plebeium 4.17 5416.67 13.00 3.12 0.008 1.9540 Teucrium royleanum 8.33 2083.33 2.50 0.30 0.008 1.9441 Scrophularia himalensis 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.030 1.8142 Erysimum
hieraciifolium4.17 3750.00 9.00 2.16 0.013 1.79
43 Vicia sativa 8.33 2083.33 2.50 0.30 0.002 1.7544 Fragaria vesca 4.17 2916.67 7.00 1.68 0.007 1.4445 Trigonella fimbriata 4.17 3333.33 8.00 1.92 0.004 1.4046 Persicaria capitata 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.011 1.3947 Nepeta laevigata 4.17 2916.67 7.00 1.68 0.004 1.3148 Fimbristylis dichotoma 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.003 1.1349 Chenopodium botrys 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.005 1.12
50 Sedum multicaule 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.002 1.0151 Urtica parviflora 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.006 0.9352 Commelina paludosa 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.004 0.9253 Vicia bakeri 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.002 0.8554 Coronopus didymus 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.8555 Prinsepia utilis** 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.8456 Alopecurus
arundinaceus4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.84
57 Agrimonia pilosa 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.8358 Phalaris minor 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.83
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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59 Sedum linearifolium 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.8260 Galium aparine 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.001 0.8261 Gypsophila cerastioides 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.000 0.80
Table 37: Phytosociological analysis of tree species at left bank of power house site during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Picea smithiana 58.33 83.33 1.43 0.02 3408.76 111.162 Aesculus indica 58.33 100.00 1.71 0.03 1685.66 82.013 Viburnum nervosum 50.00 141.67 2.83 0.06 82.88 57.724 Meliosma dilleniifolia 16.67 25.00 1.50 0.09 5.36 13.375 Sorbaria tomentosa 16.67 16.67 1.00 0.06 0.68 11.246 Acer caudatum 8.33 16.67 2.00 0.24 0.17 7.667 Ulmus villosa 8.33 8.33 1.00 0.12 0.35 5.628 Acer caesium 8.33 8.33 1.00 0.12 0.14 5.619 Salix elegans 8.33 8.33 1.00 0.12 0.10 5.61
Table 38: Phytosociological analysis of shrub species at left bank of power house site during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEPS.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Viburnum nervosum* 75.00 2407.41 2.89 0.04 4.948 140.332 Desmodium elegans 41.67 1574.07 3.40 0.08 0.878 56.463 Sorbaria tomentosa * 33.33 1574.07 4.25 0.13 0.970 53.704 Rosa macrophylla 25.00 277.78 1.00 0.04 0.099 17.695 Ilex dipyrena* 16.67 277.78 1.50 0.09 0.333 16.846 Indigofera gerardiana* 8.33 185.19 2.00 0.24 0.062 7.747 Salix elegans * 8.33 92.59 1.00 0.12 0.133 7.24
Table 39: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of power house site during pre-monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Trifolium pratense 62.50 102083.33 16.33 0.26 0.128 37.932 Strobilanthes
atropurpureus33.33 31666.67 9.50 0.29 0.653 29.07
3 Rumex nepalensis 54.17 27916.67 5.15 0.10 0.458 26.944 Galium aparine 45.83 26666.67 5.82 0.13 0.516 26.665 Duchesnea indica 33.33 52916.67 15.88 0.48 0.145 21.736 Inula cappa 12.50 14166.67 11.33 0.91 0.559 19.107 Rubus lasiocarpus ** 45.83 19583.33 4.27 0.09 0.209 17.508 Thalictrum reniforme 45.83 13333.33 2.91 0.06 0.090 13.129 Arctium lappa 29.17 12916.67 4.43 0.15 0.208 13.07
10 Impatiens cristata** 25.00 15000.00 6.00 0.24 0.124 10.8111 Viola canescens 16.67 12083.33 7.25 0.44 0.187 10.2312 Poa annua 20.83 23333.33 11.20 0.54 0.031 9.8113 Pilea umbrosa 20.83 12500.00 6.00 0.29 0.102 8.9814 Scrophularia himalensis 25.00 9166.67 3.67 0.15 0.095 8.7115 Carex filicina 16.67 6666.67 4.00 0.24 0.089 6.5716 Agrimonia pilosa 16.67 7083.33 4.25 0.26 0.035 5.3617 Arisaema intermedium 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.132 4.4218 Teucrium quadrifarium 4.17 2083.33 5.00 1.20 0.085 3.2719 Unidentified Fern 12.50 2916.67 2.33 0.19 0.011 3.0820 Geranium nepalense 4.17 2500.00 6.00 1.44 0.054 2.6121 Geranium rotundifolium 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.003 2.4722 Bistorta amplexicaulis 4.17 3750.00 9.00 2.16 0.031 2.3523 Artemisia indica 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.006 1.9424 Carex nubigena 4.17 3333.33 8.00 1.92 0.015 1.8625 Salvia moorcroftiana** 4.17 833.33 2.00 0.48 0.034 1.72
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
37
26 Galium asperuloides 4.17 3333.33 8.00 1.92 0.003 1.5627 Geranium wallichianum 4.17 1666.67 4.00 0.96 0.017 1.5328 Cirsium wallichii 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.028 1.4829 Impatiens racemosa 4.17 1250.00 3.00 0.72 0.012 1.2930 Parthenocissus
semicordata4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.003 0.89
31 Clematis graveolens 4.17 416.67 1.00 0.24 0.002 0.85
Table 40: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of power house site during monsoonseason for the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Anemone rivularis 58.33 42500.00 7.29 0.12 0.614 26.342 Rumex nepalensis 50.00 31666.67 6.33 0.13 0.523 21.903 Cirsium wallichii 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.987 21.754 Cyperus niveus 16.67 125833.33 75.50 4.53 0.106 20.405 Osmunda claytoniana 8.33 23333.33 28.00 3.36 0.678 18.096 Fragaria vesca 33.33 83333.33 25.00 0.75 0.138 18.097 Ainsliaea aptera 33.33 15833.33 4.75 0.14 0.477 16.598 Arthraxon
lanceolatus41.67 71666.67 17.20 0.41 0.060 16.21
9 Polystichumobliquum
25.00 72500.00 29.00 1.16 0.115 15.06
10 Oplismenusburmannii
41.67 51666.67 12.40 0.30 0.016 12.77
11 Viola canescens 41.67 42500.00 10.20 0.24 0.029 11.9012 Impatiens cristata 16.67 24166.67 14.50 0.87 0.271 11.0013 Salvia moorcroftiana
**33.33 10000.00 3.00 0.09 0.130 8.71
14 Cyrtomium sp. 25.00 28333.33 11.33 0.45 0.026 7.6715 Dryopteris sp 25.00 22500.00 9.00 0.36 0.058 7.59
16 Trifolium pratense 16.67 25833.33 15.50 0.93 0.043 6.5117 Arisaema
intermedium16.67 2500.00 1.50 0.09 0.152 5.83
18 Asplinium sp. 8.33 28333.33 34.00 4.08 0.030 5.3719 Fagopyrum
esculentum16.67 5833.33 3.50 0.21 0.057 4.28
20 Carex filicina 8.33 19166.67 23.00 2.76 0.019 3.9821 Strobilanthes
atropurpureus8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.100 3.77
22 Galium asperifolium 16.67 9166.67 5.50 0.33 0.008 3.7023 Vincetoxicum
hirundinaria16.67 4166.67 2.50 0.15 0.009 3.09
24 Salvia lanata 8.33 5833.33 7.00 0.84 0.047 2.9025 Cyperus cuspidatus 8.33 10000.00 12.00 1.44 0.021 2.8826 Pennisetum orientale 8.33 7500.00 9.00 1.08 0.005 2.2427 Astilbe rivularis 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.028 2.1928 Clematis connata 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.040 2.1229 Geranium
wallichianum8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.013 1.97
30 Rumex hastatus 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.010 1.8231 Poa annua 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.003 1.7832 Habenaria
edgeworthii8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.014 1.70
33 Hedera nepalensis* 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.006 1.5134 Polypogon fugax 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.004 1.4935 Viburnum
nervosum**8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.007 1.43
36 Agrimonia pilosa 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.004 1.37
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37 Jasminum humile ** 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.002 1.3438 Clematis graveolens 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.002 1.3439 Celtis australis ** 8.33 833.33 1.00 0.12 0.001 1.31
]Table 41: Phytosociological analysis of herb species at left bank of power house site during winter seasonfor the Nakhthan HEP
S.N Species F D A A/F TBA IVI1 Inula cappa 66.67 65833.33 9.88 0.15 3.826 107.132 Themeda anathera 33.33 29166.67 8.75 0.26 0.091 18.163 Galium aparine 33.33 27500.00 8.25 0.25 0.013 16.164 Gnaphalium luteo-album 25.00 11666.67 4.67 0.19 0.375 16.04
5 Poa annua 25.00 27500.00 11.00 0.44 0.017 14.516 Rubus paniculatus 8.33 11666.67 14.00 1.68 0.316 11.477 Carex filicina 25.00 8333.33 3.33 0.13 0.144 10.618 Pilea scripta 25.00 11666.67 4.67 0.19 0.060 10.129 Poa supina 16.67 15000.00 9.00 0.54 0.021 8.7610 Rumex nepalensis 25.00 5833.33 2.33 0.09 0.033 7.7011 Clematis montana 25.00 5000.00 2.00 0.08 0.025 7.2712 Silene conoidea 16.67 6666.67 4.00 0.24 0.034 6.2813 Fragaria vesca 8.33 8333.33 10.00 1.20 0.041 5.2214 Adiantum lunulatum 8.33 10000.00 12.00 1.44 0.004 5.07
15 Trifolium pratense 8.33 8333.33 10.00 1.20 0.018 4.8016 Gnaphalium affine 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.053 4.3617 Geranium wallichianum 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.042 4.15
18 Rubia cordifolia 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.014 3.6319 Fagopyrum esculentum 8.33 5000.00 6.00 0.72 0.013 3.61
20 Indigofera heterantha** 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.071 3.59
21 Geranium nepalense 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.020 3.46
22 Celosia argentea 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.033 3.4423 Cirsium wallichii 8.33 4166.67 5.00 0.60 0.007 3.2324 Bromus japonicus 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.017 3.14
25 Arundinella nepalensis 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.009 2.9926 Rubus nepalensis 8.33 3333.33 4.00 0.48 0.006 2.9427 Eruca sativa 8.33 2500.00 3.00 0.36 0.004 2.6228 Drynaria sp. 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.016 2.5729 Caltha palustris 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.005 2.3630 Diplazium sp. 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.002 2.3231 Eriophorum comosum 8.33 1666.67 2.00 0.24 0.001 2.29
Abbrivations: F = Frequency (%), D = Density (individuals/hectare), A = Abundance, A/F = DistributionPattern, TBA = Total Basal Area (m2), IVI = Importance Value Index, *= Seedlings of Trees (in shrub tables),**= Seedlings of Shrubs/Trees (in herbs tables).
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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Table 42: Ethnobotanically Important Species of Nakhthan HEP Study Site with Local Names
SNO
.
Spec
ies
Loc
al N
ame
Edi
ble
fodd
er
Med
cina
l &
Aro
mat
ic
Tim
ber
Fue
l woo
d
Orn
amen
tal
Rel
igio
us
To
ols
&M
inor
wor
ks
man
ure
Api
cult
ure
Dye
Pap
er
1 Abies pindrow Royle Tos + +2 Abies spectabilis (D.Don) Mirbel Poe + +3 Acer acuminatum Wallich ex D.Don Mandru + + + +4 Acer caesium Wallich ex Brandis Mandru + +5 Acer pictum non Thumb Mandru +6 Achyranthes bidentata Blume +7 Aesculus indica ( Colebr.ex Cambess.)
Hook.Khanor/Pangar + + + + + +
8 Ainsliaea aptera DC. Kadvibooti/Satjalari +9 Anemone obtusiloba D.Don Ratanjot +10 Artemisia indica Willd. +11 Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. apud
D.Don+
12 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Sahasimuli/Sari +13 Berberis chitria Edwards Kashmal,
Chindu/Masholi+ +
14 Betula utilis D.Don Bhoj patra + + +15 Caltha palustris L. +16 Cannabis sativa L. Bhang + + + +17 Celtis australis L. Khirik +18 Chenopodium album L. +19 Chenopodium botrys L. + +20 Corylus colurna non L. Kepeja +21 Dioscorea deltoidea Wallich ex Grisebach Shigli-Mingli + +
22 Dioscorea glabra Roxb. +23 Fagopyrum esculentum (L.) Moench Diha +24 Fragaria vesca L. +25 Geranium wallichianum D.Don ex Sweet Chowarhi +
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26 Heracleum candicans DC. +27 Hippophae salicifolia D.Don Soori/Pangidee + +28 Hypericum cernuum Roxb.ex D.Don Basanti +29 Hypericum perforatum L. +30 Ilex dipyrena Wallich Kandru/ Ghoogee +31 Impatiens balsamina L. + +32 Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv +33 Indigofera heterantha Wallich ex Brandis Kathii +
34 Jasminum humile L. Kunjee/Ranmalti/Sanjuyee
+
35 Juglans regia L. Akhrot/ Khor + + +36 Leucas lanata Benth +37 Lonicera angustifolia Wallich ex DC. +38 Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson Podina + +39 Origanum vulgare L. + +40 Oxalis corniculata L. +41 Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Rantlag/Jharka + +42 Picea smithiana (Wallich) Boissier Rae +43 Pinus roxburghii Sargent Chir + +44 Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson Kail + +45 Plantago lanceolata L. Isabgol +46 Plectranthus rugosus Wallich ex Benth Kot/ Chichri +47 Poa alpina L. Ghass +48 Poa annua L. Ghass +49 Poa supina Schrad. Ghass +50 Podophyllum hexandrum Royle* Bankakri/ Galakada + +51 Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Allioni Salam mishri +52 Populus cilliata Wallich ex Royle Poplar/ Fuls/ Chloona +53 Prinsepia utilis Royle Bekhal +54 Prunus cornuta (Wallich ex Royle)
SteudelJammu + + +
55 Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don Kainth/Shegal + +56 Rosa moschata non Miller ex Herrmann Kunja phool +
57 Rubus ellipticus Smith. Akhae/Kala Akh/Hisaloo
+
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58 Rubus lasiocarpus Smith Gulabari +59 Rubus niveus Thunb. + +60 Rumex hastatus D.Don Khatee-Mithee + +61 Rumex nepalensis Sprengel Albar/Malora/ +62 Salix denticulata Anderson + + +63 Salvia moorcroftiana Wallich ex Benth. Thut +
64 Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch* +65 Selinum candollii DC. Bhae +66 Solanum nigrum L. Baeri kateri +67 Spiraea canescens D.Don Lot/
Chakhu/Kusti/Kaltri+ +
68 Tagetes minuta L. Gangli-genda + +69 Taraxacum officinale Weber +70 Taxus baccata L. Rakhal + + +71 Thlaspi arvense L. +72 Thymus linearis (Benth.Benth) Ban ajawain + +73 Trifolium pratense L. +74 Ulmus villosa Brandis ex Gamble +75 Ulmus wallichiana Planchon Mann/Marinu +76 Urtica parviflora Roxb. +77 Verbascum thapsus L. Ban tambaku + +78 Viburnum cotinifolium D.Don Dab, Thanena +79 Viola biflora L. Banafsha +80 Viola canescens Wallich Banafsha +Api= Apiculture; D= Dye; Edi= Edible; Fod= Fodder; FW= Fuel wood; Man= Manure; Med & Aro= Medicinal and Aromatic; Orn= Ornamental; P= Paper; Rel &Spi= Religious and Spiritual; Tim= Timber; To & MW= Tools and other minor works
*Listed in IUCN red list
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Table 43: - Species of Special Importance at the Sub-sites of the Study Site Nakhthan HEPSpecies Category Mentioned In Sub-sites at which present
Red Data Book Flora of Great Himalayn National ParkAcer caesium Wallich ex Brandis Vulnerable - LBT; RBT; LBP; RBP; DPTN; DPPR; PHRB;
PHLBBerberis chitria Edwards - Vulnerable LBT; RBT; DPTNDioscorea deltoidea Wallich exGrisebach
Vulnerable Rare LBT; RBT; RBP; DPTN; DPPR; PHRB
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle - Rare LBT; LBP; RBP; DPTNPolygonatum verticillatum (L.)Allioni
- Endangered LBT; RBT; LBP; RBP; DPTN;
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch Endangered - DPPRDPPR= Diversion Point Parvati River; DPTN= Diversion Point Tosh Nallaha; LBP= Left Bank of Parvati River; LBT= Left Bank of Tosh Nallaha; PHLB=Power House Left Bank; PHRB= Power House Right Bank; RBP= Right Bank Parvati River; RBT= Right Bank Tosh Nallaha; - = not mentioned
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Appendix-IITable 1: List of butterfly species recorded from the study area of Nakthan HEP
Common Name Scientific Name
Tos
h R
iver
Rig
htB
ank
Tos
h R
iver
L
eft
Ban
k
Div
ersi
on
Site
Tos
h N
alla
Par
vati
R
ight
Ban
k
Par
vati
Lef
t B
ank
Pow
er H
ouse
Sit
e
Family: PapilionidaeParis Peacock Achillides paris + + +Yellow Swallow Tail Papilio machaon +Family: LycaenidaeAzure Saphire Heliophorus androcles + + + +Silver Hairstreak Chrysozephyrus syla + +Common Cerulean Jamides celeno + + +Large Hedge Blue Celastrina huegelii + + +Plain Hedge Blue Celastrina lavendularis + + + +Common Copper Lycaena phlaeas + + +Family: NymphalidaeCommon Five Ring Ypthima baldus + + + + +Common Argus Callerebia nirmala 2 1 +Common Sailor Neptis hylas + + +Eastern Comma Polygonia agnicula + + + +Common Wall Lasiommata schakra +Indian Red Admiral Vanessa indicaIndian Tortoiseshell Aglais cashmirensis + + +Painted Lady Vanessa cardui + + + + + +Queen of Spain Fritillary Issoria issaea + + +Himalayana Sergeant Athyma opalina + +Family: PieridaeDark Clouded Yellow Colias fieldii + + + +Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia + + + + + +Species Richness 33 24 11 44 22 13Shannon-weiner Index 0.845 1.010 0.747 0.959 0.839 0.818
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Table 2: Bird species recorded from the study areaCommon Name Scientific Name Species abundance
Tosh River RightBank
Tosh River LeftBank
DiversionSiteToshNalla
Parvati RightBank
Parbati LeftBank
Power HouseSite
Bar-tailed Tree Creeper Certhia himalayana + + + +Black Bulbul Hypsipetes
leucocephalus+ + + +
Black Chinned Babbler Stachyris pyrrhops + + +Blyth's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus
reguloides+ + + + +
Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus + + + +Golden SpectacledWarbler
Seicercus burkii + +
Great Barbet Megalaima virens + + + +Great Tit Parus major + + + + +Green backed Tit Parus monticolus + + + + +Grey Bush Chat Saxicola ferrea + + + + +Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea + + + +Grey-headed CanaryFlycatcher
Seicercusxanthoschistos
+ + + + + +
Yellow-breastedGreenfinch
Carduelis spinoides + + + + +
Himalayan BlueWhistling Thrush
Myiophonuscaeruleus
+ + + + + +
Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis + + + + +Large-billed Crow Corvus
macrorhynchos+ + + + + +
Longtailed Shrike Lanius Schach + + + + + +Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis + + + + + +Black Kite Milvus migrans + + + + +Plumbeous WaterRedstart
Rhyacornisfuliginosus
+ + + +
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Common Name Scientific Name Species abundanceTosh River Right
BankTosh River Left
BankDiversion
SiteToshNalla
Parvati RightBank
Parbati LeftBank
Power HouseSite
Red-billed BlueMagpie
Urocissaerythrorhyncha
+ + + + +
Rock Bunting Emberiza cia + + +Rose Finch Carpodacus
erythrinus+ + + +
Rufous GorgetedFlycatcher
Abroscopusalbogularis
+ + +
Rufous Magpie Dendrocittavagabunda
+ + + + +
Rufous Sibia Heterophasiacapistrata
+ + + + + +
Russet Sparrow Passer rutilans + + + + + +Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus
flammeus+ + + +
Schimitar Babbler Pomatorhinushorsfieldii
+ + + +
Spangled Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus + + + + +Streaked LaughingThrush
Garrulax lineatus + + + +
Tree Pipit Anthus hodgsoni + + + +Western Crowned LeafWarbler
+ + + +
White Throated Fantail Rhipidura albicollis + + +White Wagtail Motacilla alba + + +White-headed Redstart Chaimarrornis
leucocephalus+ + +
Species Richness 32 19 17 36 35 21Shannon-weiner Index 1.349 1.210 1.152 1.474 1.419 1.257
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Table 3: Birds reported from the study area enumerated from the secondary sourceS.N. Common Name Zoological Name1 Chakor Alectoris graeca2 Common Hill Partridge Arborophila torqueola3 White crested Kalij Pheasant Genuoens hamiltonin4 Cheer Pheasant Catreus wallichi5 Monal pheasant Lophophorus imajanus6 Koklash pheasant Cariornis mecrolophos7 The Western Horned Tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus8 Himalayan Wood Pecker Dendrocopos himalayensis9 Grey Capped Pygmy Wood Pecker Dendrocopos canicappillus10 Himalayan Snow Cock Tetraogalllus himalayensis11 Scaly Bellied Wood Pecker Picus squamatus12 Great Barbet Megalaima virens13 Blue Throated Barbet Melamaima asiatica14 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops15 Green Bee Eater Merops orientalis16 Rosy Ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri17 Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba18 Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris19 Oriental Dove Stretopelia orientalis20 Lammergier Gypaetus barbatus21 Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis22 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipter nisus23 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos24 Longtailed Shrike Lanius Schach25 Brown Dipper Cinclus pallasii26 Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius27 Blue Whistling Thrush Myophonus caerulens28 Dark Throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis29 Slaty Blue Fly Catcher Ficedula tricolor30 White Capped Red Start Chaimarrornis leucocephalus31 Common Stone Chat Saxicola torquater32 Common Myna Acridotheses tristis33 Green Back Tit Parus monticolus34 Himalayan Bulbul Pyenonotus leucogenys35 Hume's Warbler Phylloscopus humei36 Black Chinned Babbler Stachyris pyrrhops37 Rufous Sibia Heterophasia capistrata38 House Sparrow Passer domesticus39 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea40 Yellow Breasted Accentor Prunella strophiata41 Green Finch Carduelis spinoides42 Rock Bunting Emberiza cia
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Table 4: Mammals reported from the study area enumerated from the secondarysource
S.N. Common Name Zoological Name1 Leopard Panthera pardus2 Snow Leopard Panthera uncia3 Himalayan Black Bear Selenarctos thibetanus4 Himalayan Brown Bear Ursus arctos5 Musk Deer Moschus moschiferus6 Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjac7 Himalayan Goat Nemorhaedus bubalinus8 Himalayan Ibex Capra ibex sibirica9 Blue Mountain Sheep Pseudois nayaur10 Himalayan Tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus11 Golden Langur Trachypithecus geei12 Red Fox Vulpes vulpes13 Himalayan Pine Martin Martes flavigula
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
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Appendix IIITable 1: Household Details of VillageTosh
Sl.No.
Name of the Head of theHousehold (As perPanchayat Parivar
Register)
Name of theRespondent
Name of theAsset
Owner(s)
Caste RationCardNo.
VoterCardNo.
MPAFIdentity
Card No.
NewIdentification
No.
FamilyType
Size of Family/Family
Structure(Nos.)
1 Duni Chand Duni Chand Duni Chand General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 5
2 Hari Chand Hari Chand Hari Chand General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 3
3 Ved Ram Ved Ram Ved Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil Joint 7
4 Jagarnath Jagarnath Jagarnath General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 2
5 Galelu Ram Galelu Ram Galelu Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 2
6 Hukum Dassi Hukum Dassi Hukum Dassi General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 2
7 Anant Ram Anant Ram Anant Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 8
8 Amar Chand Amar Chand Amar Chand SC Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 8
9 Sher Singh Sher Singh Sher Singh General Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 6
10 Chaman Lal Chaman Lal Chaman Lal General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 4
11 Tedhi Singh Tedhi Singh Tedhi Singh General Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 8
12 Dharm Pal Dharm Pal Dharm Pal General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 2
13 Rohan Lal Rohan Lal Rohan Lal General Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 9
14 Kamal Kamal Kamal General Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 7
15 Chande Ram Chande Ram Chande Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 5
16 Sesh Ram Sesh Ram Sesh Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 10
17 Dhani Ram Dhani Ram Dhani Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil Joint 6
18 Puran Chand Puran Chand Puran Chand General Nil Nil Nil Nil JoInt 8
19 Deenu Ram Deenu Ram Deenu Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 5
20 Dharma Nand Dharma Nand Dharma Nand SC Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 5
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Table 2: Household Details of Village BarshainiSl.No.
Name of the Head of theHousehold (As per Panchayat
Parivar Register)
Name of theRespondent
Name of theAsset
Owner(s)
Caste RationCardNo.
VoterCardNo.
MPAFIdentity
Card No.
NewIdentificatio
nNo.
FamilyType
Size of Family/Family
Structure(Nos.)
1 Shini Bahadur Shini Bahadur Shini Bahadur General Nil Nil Nil Nil Joint 82 Kala Devi Kala Devi Kala Devi General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 53 Ail Ram Ail Ram Ail Ram General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 44 Tejja Tejja Tejja General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 55 Ludder Singh Ludder Singh Ludder Singh General Nil Nil Nil Nil Nuclear 1
Table 3: Family Structure of the Village Tosh
Sl.No
Name ofthe Village
Head ofthe Family
NameRelationshipwith Head
Sex(M/ F)
Age/Date of Birth
Education(I/P/M/H/D/NS)
OccupationLand
Acquiredby the Project
1 Tosh Duni Chand Duni Chand Head M 43 P AgricultureKala Devi Wife F 36 I AgricultureBhupinder Son M 19 H AgricultureYadvinder Son M 14 M AgricultureChandini Daughter F 10 P Agriculture
2 Tosh Hari Chand Hari Chand Head M 50 P AgricultureDilli Devi Wife F 45 P AgricultureShashi Daughter F 23 Sr.Sc Agriculture
3 Tosh Ved Ram Ved Ram Head M 60 I AgriculturePurna Devi Wife F 45 I AgricultureSarvu Devi Grand Mother F 90 I AgriculturePyare Lal Son M 35 M AgricultureKishor Chand Son M 30 M AgricultureKanchan Daughter In Law F 27 D AgricultureChandini Daughter In Law F 28 Sr.Sc Agriculture
4 Tosh Jagarnath Jagarnath Self M 60 I AgricultureHukumi Devi Wife F 52 I Agriculture
5 Tosh Galelu Ram Galelu Ram Self M 55 M AgricultureDhani Devi Wife F 45 I Agriculture
6 ToshHukumDassi Jagarnath Self M 60 I Agriculture
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
50
Sl.No
Name ofthe Village
Head ofthe Family
NameRelationshipwith Head
Sex(M/ F)
Age/Date of Birth
Education(I/P/M/H/D/NS)
OccupationLand
Acquiredby the Project
Hukum Dassi Wife F 52 I Agriculture7 Tosh Anant Ram Anant Ram Self M 85 P Agriculture
Durga Devi Wife F 75 I AgricultureLeela Devi Daughter F 36 H AgricultureAjay Son M 19 Sr.Secondary AgricultureLovely Son M 17 H AgricultureRaj Kumar Son M 14 H StudyingOm Prakash Son M 27 H AgricultureVidya Devi Daughter In Law F 25 D Agriculture
8 Tosh Amar Chand Amar Chand Self M 44 P AgricultureChassi Devi Wife F 40 I StudyingGomar Son M 20 Sr.Sc StudyingGita Devi Daughter F 19 H StudyingMunish Son M 15 H StudyingJitender Son M 14 H StudyingAmita Daughter F 12 M StudyingPawan Son M 10 P Studying
9 Tosh Sher Singh Sher Singh Self M 37 H AgricultureCherring Wife F 27 M AgricultureShalu Devi Daughter F 15 M StudyingDivya Devi Daughter F 12 M StudyingAbishek Son M 10 M StudyingAbijeet Son M 8 P Studying
10 Tosh Chaman Lal Chaman Lal Self M 44 H AgriculturePromilla Wife F 40 H AgricultureJivan Son M 19 D StudyingPankaj Son M 17 Sr.Sc Studying
11 Tosh Tedhi Singh Tedhi Singh Self M 51 P AgricultureLotma Devi Wife F 45 P AgricultureMaheshwar Son M 21 M AgricultureKrishanChand Son M 17 M StudyingMamta Devi Daughter In Law F 15 H StudyingChuni Devi Daughter In Law F 23 H Agriculture
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
51
Sl.No
Name ofthe Village
Head ofthe Family
NameRelationshipwith Head
Sex(M/ F)
Age/Date of Birth
Education(I/P/M/H/D/NS)
OccupationLand
Acquiredby the Project
Ashwin Grand Son M 3 P StudyingDeene Ram Son M 25 H Agriculture
12 Tosh Dharm Pal Dharm Pal Self M 48 P AgricultureShanno Devi Niece F 25 D Studying
13 Tosh Rohan Lal Rohan Lal Self M 45 IAgriculture/Shopkeeper
Hari Devi Wife F 40 I AgricultureSharmila Devi Daughter F 19 Sr.Sc StudyingRakesh Son M 23 D StudyingYugya Devi Daughter F 20 Sr.Sc StudyingHari Singh Brother M 48 I AgricultureSangita Devi Wife of Hari F 40 I AgricultureRishita Daughter of Hari F 19 Sr.Sc StudyingPingla Devi Mother of Roshan F 85 P Agriculture
14 Tosh Kamal Kamal Self M 48 P AgricultureLeela Wife F 42 M AgricultureDinesh Son M 23 H StudyingNarender Son M 15 H StudyingManisha Daughter F 17 H StudyingNisha Daughter F 13 H StudyingNirmala Wife of Dinesh F 20 H Studying
15 Tosh Chande Ram Chande Ram Head M 60 I AgricultureJanki Devi Wife F 55 I AgricultureDalip Son M 30 P AgricultureBhagpuri Daughter-in Law F 28 P AgricultureChaman Son M 16 Sr.Sc Studying
16 Tosh Sesh Ram Sesh Ram Head M 60 PAgriculture/Shopkeeper
Anarkali Wife F 55 I AgricultureLudar Son M 30 Sr.Sc AgricultureMan Bhari Daughter M 28 P AgricultureTek Chand Son F 28 M AgricultureShukantla Daughter F 25 P AgricultureBobby Son M 17 H studying
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
52
Sl.No
Name ofthe Village
Head ofthe Family
NameRelationshipwith Head
Sex(M/ F)
Age/Date of Birth
Education(I/P/M/H/D/NS)
OccupationLand
Acquiredby the Project
Sunny Son M 7 P studyingSachin Son F 13 P studyingMonika Daughter M 17 M studying
17 Tosh Dhani Ram Dhani Ram Self M 54 I AgricultureShardi Devi Wife F 43 I AgricultureBhoop Singh Son M 25 H AgricultureNaresh Son M 23 P AgricultureHukumi Devi Daughter F 21 H studyingSanjana Daughter F 19 H studying
18 ToshPuranChand Puran Chand Head M 60 M Agriculture
Tejji Devi Wife F 55 I AgricultureChaman Son M 27 M AgricultureNimo Devi Daughter F 29 I AgriculturePushpa Daughter F 21 M AgricultureThakari Devi Daughter F 22 M studyingTrilok Son M 21 sr.sc studyingThakur Chand Son M 17 sr.sc studying
19 Tosh Deenu Ram Deenu Ram Self M 51 I AgricultureNukki Devi Wife F 42 I AgricultureLeela Devi Son M 26 H AgricultureSher Singh Son M 27 D AgricultureYogna Daughter F 23 H Agriculture
20 ToshDharmaNand Dharma Nand Self M 70 P Agriculture
Dhani Ram Brother M 40 P AgricultureGhanshyam Brother M 42 H AgricultureHem Raj Son M 22 D AgricultureRam Krishan Son M 18 sr.sc Agriculture
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
53
Table 4: Family Structure of the Village Barshaini
Sl.No
Name ofthe Village
Head ofthe Family Name Relationship
with HeadSex
(M/ F)
Age/Date ofBirth
Education(I/P/M/H/D/NS) Occupation
LandAcquired
by the Project
1 BarshainiShiniBahadur Shini Bahadur Head M 80 M Agriculture
Khimu Devi Wife F 70 H AgricultureDaleep Son M 37 H Agriculture
RamaDaughter InLaw F 34 H Agriculture
Amra Devi Daughter F 32 D AgricultureTina Devi Grand Daughter F 11 M StudyingKartik Grand Son M 11 M StudyingPuneet Grand Son M 7 P Studying
2 Barshaini Kala Devi Kala Devi Head F 80 I AgricultureLala Chand Son M 50 M Agriculture
SavitriDaughter InLaw F 48 M Agriculture
Eaal Ram Grand Son M 28 D AgricultureRamdei Grand Daughter F 26 D Agriculture
3 Barshaini Ail Ram Ail Ram Head M 60 P AgricultureImla Devi Wife F 55 P AgricultureKushal Chand Son M 30 D AgricultureDugli Ram Daughter F 26 Sr.Sc Agriculture
4 Barshaini Tejja Tejja Self M 47 I AgriculturePhoola Devi Wife F 40 I AgricultureVed Kumar Son M 22 Sr.Sc AgricultureRadha Devi Daughter F 20 D AgricultureNaresh Kumar Son M 17 Sr.Sc Agriculture
5 Barshaini Ludder Singh Ludder Singh Head M 78 P Agriculture
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
54
Table 5: Household Income of the Village ToshSl.No
Nameof
Village
Head ofFamily
Agriculture(Rs.)
AlliedAgriculture
HouseholdIndustry
Forestry Trade/Business
(Rs.)
Shop-keeper
Contracting Govt.Service
(Rs)
PrivateService
AgricultureLabour
(Rs)
Non-Agricultural
Labour
AnyOther
(Specify)1 Tosh Duni Chand 200000 NIL NIL NIL 20000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL2 Tosh Hari Chand 150000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL3 Tosh Ved Ram 400000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL4 Tosh Jagarnath 80000 NIL NIL NIL 20000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL5 Tosh Galelu Ram 140000 NIL NIL NIL 32000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL6 Tosh Hukum Dassi 200000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL7 Tosh Anant Ram 150000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL8 Tosh Amar Chand 130000 NIL NIL NIL 28000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL9 Tosh Sher Singh 180000 NIL NIL NIL 44000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
10 Tosh Chaman Lal 100000 NIL NIL NIL 28000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL11 Tosh Tedhi Singh 60000 NIL NIL NIL 32000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL12 Tosh Dharm Pal 50000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL13 Tosh Rohan Lal 100000 NIL NIL NIL 32000 50000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL14 Tosh Kamal 180000 NIL NIL NIL 20000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL15 Tosh Chande Ram 170000 NIL NIL NIL 40000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL16 Tosh Sesh Ram 170000 NIL NIL NIL 32000 40000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL17 Tosh Dhani Ram 150000 NIL NIL NIL 28000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL18 Tosh Puran Chand 200000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL19 Tosh Deenu Ram 200000 NIL NIL NIL 20000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL20 Tosh Dharma Nand 140000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
Table 6: Household Income of the Village BarshainiSl.No
Name ofVillage
Head ofFamily
Agriculture(Rs.)
AlliedAgriculture
HouseholdIndustry
Forestry Trade/Business
(Rs.)
Shop-keeper
Contracting Govt.Service
(Rs)
PrivateService
AgricultureLabour
(Rs)
Non-Agricultural
Labour
AnyOther
(Specify)1 Barshaini Shini Bahadur 140000 NIL NIL NIL
28000NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
2 Barshaini Kala Devi 200000 NIL NIL NIL 36000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL3 Barshaini Ail Ram 100000 NIL NIL NIL 20000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL4 Barshaini Tejja 120000 NIL NIL NIL 24000 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL5 Barshaini Ludder Singh 100000 NIL NIL NIL
28000NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
55
Table 7: Particular of Household Assets of village BarshainiSl.No.
Name ofVillage
Head of theFamily
House Kutcha SemiPucca
Pucca No. ofStoreys
No. ofRooms
Electricity
(Yes/No)
HouseStead
CattleShed
Estimated
AssetValue
Godown Sauchalaya Estimated
AssetValue
AnyOther
No. ofUnits
Owned
Estimated
AssetValue
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
1Barshaini Shini
Bahadur 1 350000 0 0 1 350000 0 0 3 0 6 0 Yes 0 5
2 Barshaini Kala Devi 1 280000 0 0 1 280000 0 0 2 0 6 0 Yes 0 5
3 Barshaini Ail Ram 1 500000 0 0 1 500000 0 0 2 0 4 0 Yes 0 8
4 Barshaini Tejja 1 300000 0 0 1 300000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 6
5Barshaini Ludder
Singh 1 200000 0 0 1 200000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 6
Table 8: Particular of Household Assets of Village ToshSl.No.
Name ofVillage
Head of theFamily
House Kutcha SemiPucca
Pucca No. ofStoreys
No. ofRooms
Electricity(Yes/No)
HouseStead
CattleShed
EstimatedAssetValue
Godown Sauchalaya EstimatedAssetValue
AnyOther
No. ofUnits
Owned
EstimatedAssetValue
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned
No. ofUnits
Owned1 Tosh Duni Chand 1 210000 0 0 1 210000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 42 Tosh Hari Chand 1 250000 0 0 1 250000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 73 Tosh Ved Ram 1 400000 1 400000 0 0 0 0 2 0 12 0 Yes 0 64 Tosh Jagarnath 1 200000 1 200000 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 Yes 0 35 Tosh Galelu Ram 1 250000 0 0 1 250000 0 0 2 0 4 0 Yes 0 56 Tosh Hukum Dassi 1 80000 0 0 1 80000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 47 Tosh Anant Ram 1 250000 0 0 1 250000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 78 Tosh Amar Chand 1 300000 0 0 1 300000 1 0 2 0 4 0 Yes 0 59 Tosh Sher Singh 1 250000 0 0 1 250000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 4
10 Tosh Chaman Lal 1 200000 0 0 1 200000 0 0 2 0 6 0 Yes 0 511 Tosh Tedhi Singh 1 200000 0 0 1 200000 0 0 2 0 6 0 Yes 0 412 Tosh Dharm Pal 1 300000 0 0 1 300000 0 0 2 0 4 0 Yes 0 413 Tosh Rohan Lal 1 250000 0 0 1 250000 0 0 2 0 7 0 Yes 0 514 Tosh Kamal Chand 1 200000 0 0 1 200000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 615 Tosh Chande Ram 1 500000 0 0 1 500000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 616 Tosh Sesh Ram 1 300000 0 0 1 300000 0 0 2 0 6 0 Yes 0 517 Tosh Dhani Ram 1 300000 0 0 1 300000 0 0 3 0 7 0 Yes 0 618 Tosh Puran Chand 1 350000 0 0 1 350000 0 0 3 0 7 0 Yes 0 619 Tosh Deenu Ram 1 300000 0 0 1 300000 0 0 3 0 6 0 Yes 0 520 Tosh Dharma Nand 1 400000 0 0 1 400000 0 0 2 0 5 0 Yes 0 5
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
56
Table 9: Moveable Household Assets of Village ToshSl.No
Name ofVillage
Head ofFamily
Tables Chairs Sofaset Television(Coloured/Black &White)
PressureCooker
TotalValue(Rs.)
Fridge GasCylinder
TotalValue(Rs.)
LocalBrewery(Bhatti)
Khaddi(Loom)
Dish TV
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. No. No. No. TotalValue(Rs.)
1 Tosh Duni Chand 2 1600 7 1400 0 0 1 6000 1 800 0 0 2 5000 0 0 0 02 Tosh Hari Chand 4 3200 10 2000 0 0 1 6000 2 1600 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 03 Tosh Ved Ram 2 1600 8 3500 1 10000 1 10000 2 2400 0 0 1 8000 1 2500 0 04 Tosh Jagarnath 1 300 3 600 0 0 1 4000 1 800 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 05 Tosh Galelu Ram 3 1500 10 2000 0 0 1 6000 2 2400 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 06 Tosh Hukum Dassi 1 300 3 600 0 0 1 4000 1 800 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 07 Tosh Anant Ram 2 800 5 1000 0 0 1 5000 2 1500 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 08 Tosh Amar Chand 1 1000 6 1200 0 0 1 7000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 09 Tosh Sher Singh 2 1400 10 2000 2 10000 1 8000 2 1200 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 0
10 Tosh Chaman Lal 2 800 4 1000 0 0 1 6000 1 700 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 011 Tosh Tedhi Singh 3 1500 10 2400 1 8000 1 8000 3 1800 0 0 0 0 2 2500 0 012 Tosh Dharm Pal 1 400 5 1000 1 6000 1 5000 2 1200 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 013 Tosh Rohan Lal 4 2000 15 3000 2 15000 2 12000 2 1400 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 014 Tosh Kamal 4 1600 10 2000 2 13000 1 6000 2 1200 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 015 Tosh Chande Ram 1 300 6 1200 0 0 1 6000 2 1500 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 016 Tosh Sesh Ram 3 1200 10 2200 0 0 1 6000 2 1200 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 017 Tosh Dhani Ram 2 1600 4 1200 0 0 1 7000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 018 Tosh Puran Chand 3 1800 7 1400 0 0 1 5000 2 1400 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 019 Tosh Deenu Ram 3 2100 6 1200 0 0 1 6000 2 1800 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 020 Tosh Dharma Nand 4 2800 10 2200 1 12000 1 8000 2 1600 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 0
Table 10: Moveable Household Assets of Village BarshainiSl.No
Name ofVillage
Head of Family Tables Chairs Sofaset Television(Coloured/
Black & White)
PressureCooker
TotalValue(Rs.)
Fridge GasCylinder
TotalValue(Rs.)
LocalBrewery(Bhatti)
Khaddi(Loom)
Dish TV
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. No. TotalValue(Rs.)
No. No. No. No. TotalValue(Rs.)
1 Barshaini Shini Bahadur 3 2400 5 1000 0 0 1 6000 2 1600 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 02 Barshaini Kala Devi 2 1600 10 2000 0 0 1 6000 2 1600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Barshaini Ail Ram 2 800 5 1000 0 0 1 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Barshaini Tejja 2 1200 10 2000 0 0 1 8000 2 2400 0 0 0 0 2 5000 0 05 Barshaini Ludder Singh 3 400 8 350 0 0 1 7000 4 3200 0 0 0 0 1 2000 0 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
57
Table 11: Land Holdings in Bighas (Village-Tosh)
Sl.No
Nameof
Village
Head ofthe
Family
Total Land Owned Cultivated Area (Owned) Total Area Cultivated Pasture Ghasni/ BighaUncultivatedLand
Total(Bigha)
Irrigated
Un-irrigated
LandRevenue
(Rs.)
LandAcquired
byHPPCL
Total Irrigated Un-irrigated
LandAcquire
dby
HPPCL
Total Irrigated Un-Irrigated
LandAcquire
dby
HPPCL
Total Un-Irrigate
d
LandAcquire
dby
HPPCL
Total(Bigha)
1 ToshDuni
Chand 7 0 7 700000 00-06-00 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 0 0 2
2 ToshHari
Chand 12 0 12 1200000 00-06-00 6 0 6 6 0 6 2 0 0 3
3 ToshVedRam 15 0 15 1500000 00-12-00 8 0 8 8 0 8 0 0 0 6
4 Tosh Jagarnath 15 0 15 1500000 00-06-00 9 0 9 9 0 900-
10-00 0 0 5
5 ToshGaleluRam 5 0 5 500000 00-15-00 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 2
6 ToshHukumDassi 40 0 40 4000000 00-14-00 25 0 25 25 0 25 5 0 0 5
7 Tosh Anant Ram 8 0 8 800000 00-03-00 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 0 0 4
8 ToshAmarChand 4 0 4 400000 00-10-00 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 1
9 Tosh Sher Singh 18 0 18 1800000 00-19-00 8 0 8 8 0 8 0 0 0 9
10 ToshChaman
Lal 15 0 15 1500000 00-19-07 4 0 4 4 0 4 0 0 0 10
11 ToshTedhiSingh 20 0 20 2000000 00-07-00 13 0 13 13 0 13 0 0 0 5
12 Tosh Dharm Pal 15 0 15 1500000 00-07-00 10 0 10 10 0 10 0 0 0 413 Tosh Rohan Lal 15 0 15 1500000 01-15-00 8 0 8 8 0 8 3 0 0 314 Tosh Kamal 14 0 14 1400000 00-09-00 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 0 3
15 ToshChande
Ram 18 0 18 1800000 00-05-00 10 0 10 10 0 10 2 0 0 516 Tosh Sesh Ram 30 0 30 3000000 00-19-00 11 0 11 11 0 11 8 0 0 1017 Tosh Dhani Ram 12 0 12 1200000 00-06-00 6 0 6 6 0 6 4 0 0 1
18 ToshPuranChand 32 0 32 3200000 00-06-00 8 0 8 8 0 8 10 0 0 12
19 Tosh Deenu Ram 13 0 13 1300000 00-06-00 8 0 8 8 0 8 2 0 0 1
20 ToshDharma
Nand 10 0 10 1000000 00-16-00 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 0 0 3
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
58
Table 12: Land Holdings in Bighas (village-Barshaini)Sl.No
Name ofVillage
Head of theFamily
Total Land Owned Cultivated Area (Owned) Total Area Cultivated Pasture Ghasni/ Bigha UncultivatedLand
Tot
al(B
igha
)
Irri
gate
d
Un-
irri
gate
d
Lan
dR
even
ue(R
s.)
Lan
dA
cqui
red
byH
PP
CL
Tot
al
Irri
gate
d
Un-
irri
gate
d
Lan
dA
cqui
red
byH
PP
CL
Tot
al
Irri
gate
d
Un-
irri
gate
d
Lan
dA
cqui
red
byH
PP
CL
Tot
al
Un-
Irri
gate
d
Lan
dA
cqui
red
byH
PP
CL
Tot
al(B
igha
)
1 BarshainiShini
Bahadur 18 0 18 1800000 00-11-00 7 0 7 7 0 7 2 0 0 7
2Barshaini Kala
Devi 12 0 12 1200000 00-09-00 7 0 7 7 0 7 0 0 0 4
3Barshaini Ail
Ram 16 0 16 1600000 00-10-00 6 0 6 6 0 6 2 0 0 64 Barshaini Tejja 16 0 16 1600000 01-01-00 7 0 7 7 0 7 0 0 0 75 Barshaini Ludder Singh 5 0 5 500000 00-17-00 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 0 0 2
Table 13 (a) Cropping Pattern in Tosh and BarshainiCrop Sowing Time Harvesting
TimeIrrigated/
UnirrigatedProduction
(Kgs)Marketable
Surplus(Rs.)
Crop SowingTime
HarvestingTime
Irrigated/Unirrigated
Production(Kg)
MarketableSurplus
(Rs.)16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 20 240Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 10 80 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 30 360Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 20 240Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 6 48 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 30 360Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 7 56 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 20 240Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 10 80 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 30 360Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 12 96 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 12 96 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 30 360Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 5 40 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 6 48 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 30 360Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 3 24 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 20 240Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 5 40 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 12 144
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
59
Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 6 48 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 10 120Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 9 72 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 10 120Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 10 80 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 20 240Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 20 240Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 8 64 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 20 240Maize June-July Sept.-Oct. Unirrigated 5 40 Wheat Nov.-Dec. March-April unirrigated 25 300
Table 13 (b) Cropping Pattern in Tosh and BarshainiCrop-3 Crop-4
Crop SowingTime
HarvestingTime
Irrigated/Unirrigated
Production(Kgs)
MarketableSurplus
(Rs)
Crop SowingTime
HarvestingTime
Irrigated/Unirrigated
Production(Kg)
MarketableSurplus
(Rs)16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 8 560Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 5 75 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 5 350Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 5 75 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 6 420Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 4 60 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 8 560Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 4 60 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 10 700Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 6 420Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 4 60 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 7 490Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 2 30 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 8 560Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 4 60 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 6 420Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 6 90 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 5 350
Nil Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 5 75 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 4 280Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 5 75 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 6 420
Nil Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 5 350Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 7 490Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 7 490Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 4 60 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 5 350Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 6 420Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 5 350
Nil Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 4 280Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 6 420
Nil Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 4 60 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 7 490Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 5 350Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 6 420Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 2 30 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 5 350
Barley Nov.-Dec. March-April Unirrigated 3 45 Rajmah June-July September Unirrigated 4 280
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
60
Table 14: Orchad Details of village ToshSl.No.
Name OfVillage
Head ofFamily
Fruit - 1 Variety No. of PlantsBearing
Non Bearing Total Output(Qtls)
Marketable Surplus(Rs.)
Loss Of Tree Due toProject Activities
1 Tosh Duni Chand Apple Royale/Golden 8 20 5 20000 Total2 Tosh Hari Chand Apple Royale/Golden 10 30 6 24000 Total3 Tosh Ved Ram Apple Royale/Golden 10 15 6 24000 Total4 Tosh Jagarnath Apple Royale/Golden 9 35 5 20000 Total5 Tosh Galelu Ram Apple Royale/Golden 14 15 8 32000 Total6 Tosh Hukum Dassi Apple Royale/Golden 10 15 6 24000 Total7 Tosh Anant Ram Apple Royale/Golden 10 20 6 24000 Total8 Tosh Amar Chand Apple Royale/Golden 12 25 7 28000 Total9 Tosh Sher Singh Apple Royale/Golden 18 30 11 44000 Total10 Tosh Chaman Lal Apple Royale/Golden 12 20 7 28000 Total11 Tosh Tedhi Singh Apple Royale/Golden 14 10 8 32000 Total12 Tosh Dharm Pal Apple Royale/Golden 10 10 6 24000 Total13 Tosh Rohan Lal Apple Royale/Golden 14 15 8 32000 Total14 Tosh Kamal Apple Royale/Golden 8 10 5 20000 Total15 Tosh Chande Ram Apple Royale/Golden 16 20 10 40000 Total16 Tosh Sesh Ram Apple Royale/Golden 14 15 8 32000 Total17 Tosh Dhani Ram Apple Royale/Golden 12 20 7 28000 Total18 Tosh Puran Chand Apple Royale/Golden 10 20 6 24000 Total19 Tosh Deenu Ram Apple Royale/Golden 8 15 5 20000 Total20 Tosh Dharma Nand Apple Royale/Golden 10 20 6 24000 Total
Table 15: Orchad Details of village BarshainiSl.No.
Name OfVillage
Head ofFamily
Fruit - 1 Variety No. Of PlantsBearing
Non Bearing Total Output(Qtls)
MarketableSurplus
(Rs)
Loss Of Tree Due toProject Activities
1 Burshaini Shini Bahadur Apple Royale/Golden 12 25 7 28000 Total2 Burshaini Kala Devi Apple Royale/Golden 15 20 9 36000 Total3 Burshaini Ail Ram Apple Royale/Golden 8 20 5 20000 Total4 Burshaini Tejja Apple Royale/Golden 10 20 6 24000 Total5 Burshaini Ludder Singh Apple Royale/Golden 12 15 7 28000 Total
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
61
Table 16: Farm Machinery and Implements
Sl.No Name of
Village Head of Family
TraditionalPlough Iron Plough Planker
(Suhaga)Hand Sprayer/Power Sprayer
MaizeShetler
OilExtractor Kudab Spade
No. MarketValue
No.MarketValue(Rs.)
No.MarketValue(Rs.)
No. MarketValue
No. No. No.MarketValue(Rs)
No.MarketValue(Rs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 171 Barshaini Shini Bahadur 1 1200 1 1400 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 600 1 4002 Barshaini Kala Devi 1 1000 0 0 1 300 0 0 0 0 1 400 2 6003 Barshaini Ail Ram 1 1000 1 1200 1 300 0 0 0 0 1 400 2 8004 Barshaini Tejja 0 0 0 0 1 300 0 0 0 0 5 1000 2 5005 Barshaini Ludder Singh 1 800 1 900 1 300 0 0 0 0 4 1600 2 600
Drap Sickle MarketValue(Rs)
Pick Axe PruningScissors
MarketValue(Rs)
Axe MarketValue(Rs)
GraftingKnives
MarketValue(Rs)
WoodenStorageBeans
LadderNo.
MarketValue(Rs).No. No. No. Market Value
(Rs)No. No.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 310 6 1200 1 300 0 0 2 500 0 0 0 0 00 4 1200 1 300 0 0 3 600 0 0 0 0 00 7 1400 1 400 1 3000 1 200 2 800 0 0 00 5 1000 1 300 0 0 1 250 0 0 0 1 4000 8 1600 2 800 0 0 1 350 0 0 0 0 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
62
Table 17: Farm Machinery and Implements of Village Tosh
Sl.No
Name ofVillage Head of Family
TraditionalPlough Iron Plough Planker
(Suhaga)Hand Sprayer/Power Sprayer
MaizeShetler
OilExtractor Kudab Spade
No. MarketValue No.
MarketValue(Rs.)
No.MarketValue(Rs)
No. MarketValue No. No. No.
MarketValue(Rs)
No.MarketValue(Rs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 171 Tosh Duni Chand 2 2400 1 1300 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 800 2 6002 Tosh Hari Chand 1 1200 1 1500 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 1200 2 8003 Tosh Ved Ram 1 1000 1 1500 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 800 1 4004 Tosh Jagarnath 1 800 0 0 1 300 1 1800 0 0 2 600 1 4005 Tosh Galelu Ram 1 1000 1 1300 1 300 0 0 0 0 4 800 1 6006 Tosh Hukum Dassi 1 800 0 0 1 300 1 1800 0 0 2 600 1 4007 Tosh Anant Ram 1 1200 1 1500 1 300 1 1000 0 0 2 500 2 8008 Tosh Amar Chand 1 1000 0 0 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 800 1 4009 Tosh Sher Singh 1 1000 1 1200 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 800 0 010 Tosh Chaman Lal 1 1000 1 2000 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 800 1 40011 Tosh Tedhi Singh 1 1200 1 1300 2 600 0 0 0 0 2 800 2 60012 Tosh Dharm Pal 0 0 0 0 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 600 1 40013 Tosh Rohan Lal 2 2400 1 1400 1 300 0 0 0 0 1 400 1 30014 Tosh Kamal Chand 2 2000 1 1300 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 800 1 50015 Tosh Chande Ram 1 1200 1 800 1 300 0 0 0 0 1 500 1 40016 Tosh Sesh Ram 1 1200 1 1400 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 1200 1 40017 Tosh Dhani Ram 1 1200 1 1400 1 300 0 0 0 0 2 800 2 60018 Tosh Puran Chand 1 1300 1 1400 2 600 0 0 0 0 2 600 2 60019 Tosh Deenu Ram 1 1100 1 1300 1 300 0 0 0 0 4 800 2 120020 Tosh Dharma Nand 2 1800 1 1200 1 300 1 1000 0 0 2 1200 2 800
Drap Sickle MarketValue(Rs)
Pick Axe PruningScissors
MarketValue(Rs)
Axe MarketValue(Rs)
GraftingKnives
MarketValue(Rs)
WoodenStorageBeans
LadderNo.
MarketValue(Rs).No. No. No. Market Value
(Rs)No. No.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 310 4 800 2 500 0 0 2 600 0 0 0 0 00 4 800 2 600 0 0 2 500 0 0 0 0 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
63
0 6 1200 0 0 1 1200 3 800 2 600 0 0 00 4 800 0 0 2 4000 1 800 0 0 0 1 8000 2 400 0 0 0 0 2 600 0 0 0 1 4000 4 800 0 0 2 4000 1 800 0 0 0 1 8000 6 1200 0 0 2 5000 1 400 0 0 0 1 7000 6 1200 2 600 0 0 4 1000 0 0 0 1 4000 8 1600 4 8000 0 0 4 1000 0 0 0 1 4000 6 1200 1 300 0 0 3 800 0 0 0 1 4000 8 1600 1 400 0 0 4 1000 0 0 0 0 00 4 1400 1 300 0 0 3 900 0 0 0 0 00 4 600 2 400 0 0 3 800 0 0 0 0 00 6 1200 2 600 0 0 4 800 0 0 0 1 5000 4 800 1 400 0 0 3 900 0 0 0 0 00 5 1000 2 400 0 0 3 600 0 0 0 0 00 6 1200 2 1200 0 0 2 400 0 0 0 1 4000 6 1200 2 600 0 0 3 1200 0 0 0 1 6500 7 1400 0 0 1 3000 2 500 0 0 0 0 00 6 1200 1 400 1 3000 1 200 0 0 0 1 400
Table 18: Details of livestock of Village ToshSl.
No.Name ofVillage
Head OfFamily
Cow inMilk / LocalStaal fed
Grazing Improved Breed Buffaloes Young Stock CowsStallfed
Grazing TotalNo.
Value(Rs)
ImprovedBreed/
Stall feed
Local/Stallfed
TotalNo.
Value(Rs)
Local/Stallfed
Grazing TotalNo.
Value(Rs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 171 Tosh Duni chand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Tosh Hari Chand 2 0 0 0 2 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Tosh Ved ram 2 0 0 0 2 7000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Tosh Jagarnath 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 Tosh Galelu Ram 0 1 0 0 1 3000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6Tosh Hukum
Dassi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 Tosh Anant Ram 2 0 0 0 2 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 Tosh Amar chand 1 0 0 0 1 3500 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 8009 Tosh Sher singh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 Tosh Chaman lal 1 0 0 0 1 3500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 011 Tosh Tedhi singh 2 0 0 0 2 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 012 Tosh Dharm pal 1 1 0 0 1 3500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 013 Tosh Rohan lal 4 0 0 0 4 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 014 Tosh kamal chand 3 0 0 0 3 10500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
64
15 Tosh Chande Ram 2 0 0 0 2 7000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 016 Tosh Sesh Ram 1 0 0 0 1 3500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 017 Tosh Dhani Ram 2 0 0 0 2 7000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18Tosh Puran
Chand 2 0 0 0 2 7000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 019 Tosh Deenu Ram 2 0 0 0 2 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20Tosh Dharma
Nand 2 0 0 0 2 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bullock Goat Sheep HorseStallfed Total no. Value(Rs) Stall Fed Grazing Total No. Value(Rs) Grazing Total No. Value
(Rs)Grazing Total No. Value
(Rs)
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 5 10000 0 20 20 80000 15 15 45000 4 4 600000 0 0 0 4 4 20000 4 4 12500 0 0 00 0 0 0 25 25 100000 25 25 75000 1 1 250000 0 0 0 4 4 20000 4 4 12500 0 0 00 0 0 0 4 4 16000 6 6 18000 0 0 00 0 0 0 20 20 80000 14 14 42000 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 18 18 72000 22 22 66000 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 8 8 32000 4 4 12000 0 0 00 0 0 0 20 20 80000 28 28 78000 8 8 900000 0 0 0 24 0 96000 26 26 78000 0 0 00 0 0 0 4 4 16000 5 5 10000 0 0 00 0 0 0 8 8 32000 7 7 21000 0 0 00 0 0 0 3 3 12000 12 12 36000 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 22 22 88000 19 19 57000 3 3 75000
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
65
Table 19: Livestock in village BarshainiS.
No.Name ofVillage
Head OfFamily
Cow inMilk /LocalStaal fed
Grazing
Improved Breed Buffaloes Young Stock CowsStallfed
Grazing
TotalNo.
Value(Rs)
ImprovedBreed/
Stall feed
Local/
Stallfed
TotalNo.
Value(Rs)
Local/Stallfed
Grazing
Total No.
Value(Rs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1 Barshaini Shini Bahadur 2 0 0 0 2 5000 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 8002 Barshaini Kala devi 2 0 0 0 2 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Barshaini Ail Ram 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Barshaini Tejja 1 0 0 0 1 2500 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 10005 Barshaini Ludder singh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bullock Goat Sheep HorseStallfed Total no. Value(Rs) Stall Fed Grazing Total No. Value(Rs) Grazing Total No. Value
(Rs)Grazing Total No. Value
(Rs)
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 8 8 32000 4 4 12000 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
66
Table 20: Consumption expenditure on non food articles Village ToshSl.No.
Name ofVillage
Head Of Family ClothingValue(Rs)
Foot WearsValue(Rs)
Detergents/soapsValue(Rs)
Books/StationeryValue(Rs)
School Fee(Rs)
Entertainment(Rs)
Medicine/HealthCare(Rs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 Tosh Duni chand 1400 800 500 0 0 0 5002 Tosh Hari Chand 1500 1000 800 0 0 0 15003 Tosh Ved ram 1200 1000 1000 1000 0 0 10004 Tosh Jagarnath 500 300 400 0 0 0 5005 Tosh Galelu Ram 1000 500 400 0 0 0 5006 Tosh Hukum Dassi 500 300 400 0 0 0 5007 Tosh Anant Ram 3200 2200 600 600 0 0 12008 Tosh Amar chand 3500 1400 400 1000 0 0 15009 Tosh Sher singh 2500 2000 600 1500 0 0 80010 Tosh Chaman lal 2200 1100 600 400 0 0 110011 Tosh Tedhi singh 2200 1600 700 0 0 0 130012 Tosh Dharm pal 1600 1000 400 0 0 0 50013 Tosh Rohan lal 4000 2500 1200 800 0 0 190014 Tosh kamal chand 4000 2000 600 0 0 0 210015 Tosh Chande Ram 2800 1400 600 0 0 0 150016 Tosh Sesh Ram 3200 2200 1200 800 0 0 100017 Tosh Dhani Ram 2800 1200 600 0 0 0 160018 Tosh Puran Chand 3800 2100 1000 0 0 0 170019 Tosh Deenu Ram 3400 1800 600 0 0 0 140020 Tosh Dharma Nand 2500 1600 600 0 0 0 1000
Table 21: Consumption expenditure on non food articles of village BarshainiSl.No.
Name ofVillage
Head Of Family ClothingValue(Rs)
Foot WearsValue(Rs)
Detergents/soapsValue(Rs)
Books/StationeryValue(Rs)
School Fee(Rs)
Entertainment(Rs)
Medicine/HealthCare(Rs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 Tosh Shini bahadur 3500 2200 1200 0 0 0 21002 Tosh Kala devi 1200 1500 800 0 0 0 10003 Tosh Ail Ram 1000 700 400 0 0 0 5004 Tosh Tejja 1000 800 500 0 0 0 10005 Tosh Ludder singh 800 500 200 0 0 0 800
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
67
Table 22: Fuel Energy consumption of village ToshSl.No
Name ofVillage
Head of Family L.P.G. WinterValue(Rs)
SummerValue(Rs)
RainyValue(Rs)
Firewood Winter Summer RainySource Quantity Quantity Quantity Source Quantity
(Qtl)Quantity
(Qtl)Quantity
(Qtl)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 141 Tosh Duni Chand Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 12 10 22 Tosh Hari Chand Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 22 15 23 Tosh Ved Ram Shop 2 1000 2 1000 1 500 Own /Forest 12 4 34 Tosh Jagarnath Shop 1 500 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 20 10 55 Tosh Galelu Ram Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 12 7 16 Tosh Hukum Dassi Shop 1 500 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 20 10 57 Tosh Anant Ram Shop 2 1000 2 1000 2 1000 Own /Forest 20 8 28 Tosh Amar Chand Shop 1 500 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 10 4 29 Tosh Sher Singh Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 10 8 2
10 Tosh Chaman Lal Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 8 2 411 Tosh Tedhi Singh Shop 3 1500 2 1000 2 1000 Own /Forest 15 4 612 Tosh Dharm Pal Shop 3 1500 2 1000 1 500 Own /Forest 8 2 213 Tosh Rohan Lal Shop 2 1000 2 1000 1 500 Own /Forest 4 3 314 Tosh Kamal Chand Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 6 3 315 Tosh Chande Ram Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 3 2 216 Tosh Sesh Ram Shop 2 1000 2 1000 1 500 Own /Forest 8 2 117 Tosh Dhani Ram Shop 3 1500 2 1000 1 500 Own /Forest 5 3 418 Tosh Puran Chand Shop 2 1000 2 1000 2 1000 Own /Forest 10 5 519 Tosh Deenu Ram Shop 2 1000 2 1000 2 1000 Own /Forest 6 3 420 Tosh Dharma Nand Shop 2 1000 2 1000 1 500 Own /Forest 10 4 3
Table 23 Fuel Energy Consumption of Village BarshainiSl.No
Name ofVillage
Head of Family L.P.G. WinterValue(Rs)
SummerValue(Rs)
RainyValue(Rs)
Firewood Winter Summer RainySource Quantity Quantity Quantity Source Quantity
(Qtl)Quantity
(Qtl)Quantity
(Qtl)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 141 Tosh Shini Bahadur Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 13 8 32 Tosh Kala Devi Shop 2 1000 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 31 10 83 Tosh Ail Ram Shop 2 1000 2 1000 2 1000 Own /Forest 10 4 34 Tosh Tejja Shop 2 1000 2 1000 2 1000 Own /Forest 6 4 45 Tosh Ludder Singh Shop 1 500 1 500 1 500 Own /Forest 18 8 2
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
68
Table 24: Depedence on CPR of the Tosh VillageFarmers Own Sources
Green Grass Leaf Fodder Straw Hay Green FodderSl.No.
Head of Family WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 171 Duni Chand 25 30 80 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Hari Chand 20 40 70 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Ved Ram 24 35 55 0 0 8 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Jagarnath 18 30 45 0 0 10 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 Galelu Ram 16 25 45 0 0 10 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 Hukum Dassi 18 25 40 0 0 11 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 Anant Ram 29 40 60 0 0 10 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 Amar Chand 25 50 70 0 0 21 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 Sher Singh 10 25 40 0 0 22 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 Chaman Lal 10 25 40 0 0 23 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 011 Tedhi Singh 15 35 45 0 0 22 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 012 Dharm Pal 20 45 60 0 0 21 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 013 Rohan Lal 25 40 60 0 0 25 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 014 Kamal Chand 20 40 60 0 0 15 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 015 Chande Ram 15 50 70 0 0 12 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 016 Sesh Ram 20 55 80 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 017 Dhani Ram 20 65 80 0 0 17 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 018 Puran Chand 18 50 70 0 0 16 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 019 Deenu Ram 16 35 50 0 0 20 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 Dharma Nand 14 25 40 0 0 25 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Forest Land1 Duni Chand 15 18 35 0 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Hari Chand 15 20 35 0 4 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Ved Ram 18 20 30 0 8 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Jagarnath 15 20 27 0 10 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 Galelu Ram 20 25 30 0 12 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 Hukum Dassi 15 22 28 0 11 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 Anant Ram 10 18 22 0 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 Amar Chand 13 18 23 0 9 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 Sher Singh 13 20 25 0 8 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 Chaman Lal 15 20 27 0 6 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 011 Tedhi Singh 10 15 30 0 8 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 012 Dharm Pal 12 15 30 0 7 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 013 Rohan Lal 16 20 35 0 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
69
14 Kamal Chand 10 15 25 0 9 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 015 Chande Ram 5 15 27 0 11 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 016 Sesh Ram 10 15 25 0 13 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 017 Dhani Ram 11 20 28 0 11 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 018 Puran Chand 10 15 30 0 9 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 019 Deenu Ram 10 15 35 0 10 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 Dharma Nand 11 15 20 0 12 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 25: Depedence on CPR of the Barshaini villageName of the Vilage: Barshaini
Farmers Own SourcesGreen Grass Leaf Fodder Straw Hay Green Fodder
Sl.No.
Head of Family WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
WinterSeason
SummerSeason
RainySeason
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 171 Shini Bahadur 20 30 70 0 0 12 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Kala Devi 25 40 60 0 0 10 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Ail Ram 15 30 50 0 0 5 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Tejja 15 35 50 0 0 9 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 Ludder Singh 12 45 60 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Forest Land1 Shini Bahadur 10 15 30 0 7 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 Kala Devi 10 13 18 0 6 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 Ail Ram 20 25 34 0 11 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 Tejja 10 20 25 0 11 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 Ludder Singh 10 20 20 0 11 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
70
Table 26: Expenditure on Food Articles of the village Barshaini
Maize BarleyTotal Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 243 - - - 3 - 0 - - - 0 -2 - - - 2 - 1 - - - 1 -2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -3 - - - 3 - 0 - - - 0 -1 - - - 1 - 0 - - - 0 -
Maize BarleyTotal Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3615 222 15 222 - - 3 210 3 210 - -3 43 3 43 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
14 216 14 216 - - 2 140 2 140 - -12 173 12 173 - - 2 140 2 140 - -27 401 27 401 - - 3 210 3 210 - -
Sl.No.
Head ofFamily
Period ofConsump-
tion
FamilyMembers
Cereals WheatTotal Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1ShiniBahadur Per Month 8 72 - 65 860 7 - 42 180 38 459 4 0
2 Kala Devi Per Month 5 45 - 35 463 10 - 28 120 21 247 7 03 Ail Ram Per Month 4 36 - 28 371 8 - 22 180 16 198 6 04 Tejja Per Month 5 45 - 36 476 9 - 27 120 21 254 6 0
5LudderSingh Per Month 1 9 - 7 92 2 - 5 144 4 49 1 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
71
Mash MoongTotal Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 482 140 2 140 - - 1 65 1 65 - -1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -2 140 2 140 - - 1 65 1 65 - -1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -3 210 3 210 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
Table 26: Expenditure on Food Articles of the village BarshainiRajmah Sugar
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home ProduceKg. Value
(Rs.)Quantity Value
(Rs.)Quantity Value
(Rs.)Kg. Value
(Rs.)Quantity Value
(Rs.)Quantity Value
(Rs.)49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 603 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -1 - - - 1 - 1 45 1 45 - -3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -6 - - - 6 - 6 288 6 270 - -
Edible Oil MilkTotal Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 603 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -1 - - - 1 - 1 45 1 45 - -3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -6 - - - 6 - 6 288 6 270 - -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
72
Ghee Meat/ Fish
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 82 84
2 600 2 - 3 600 3 600 - -
0.5 150 .5 150 0 - 1 200 1 200 - -
2 600 - - 3 - 3 600 3 600 - -
2 600 - - 1 - 4 800 4 800 - -
2 600 - - 3 - 3 600 3 600 - -
Vegetables
Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
85 86 87 88 89 90
5 250 5 250 - -
2 100 2 100 - -
3 150 3 150 - -
5 250 5 250 - -
2 100 2 100 - -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
73
Table 27: Expenditure on Food Articles of the village ToshSl.No.
Head of Family Period ofConsump-
tion
FamilyMembers
Cereals WheatTotal Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 161 Duni Chand Per Month 5 45 - 30 397 15 - 25 120 18 212 7 02 Hari Chand Per Month 3 27 - 20 265 7 - 17 144 12 141 5 03 Ved Ram Per Month 7 63 - 55 728 8 - 37 96 32 388 5 04 Jagarnath Per Month 2 18 - 12 159 6 - 11 120 7 85 4 05 Galelu Ram Per Month 2 18 - 13 172 5 - 11 96 8 92 3 06 Hukum Dassi Per Month 2 18 - 13 172 5 - 11 120 8 92 3 07 Anant Ram Per Month 8 72 - 65 860 7 - 43 120 38 459 5 08 Amar Chand Per Month 8 72 - 65 860 7 - 43 120 38 459 5 09 Sher Singh Per Month 6 65 - 58 768 7 - 39 104 34 409 5 0
10 Chaman Lal Per Month 4 36 - 27 357 9 - 21 120 16 191 5 011 Tedhi Singh Per Month 8 72 - 65 860 7 - 42 96 38 459 4 012 Dharm Pal Per Month 2 18 - 12 159 6 - 11 180 7 85 4 013 Rohan Lal Per Month 9 81 - 75 993 6 - 48 120 44 529 4 014 Kamal Chand Per Month 7 65 - 60 794 5 - 38 60 35 424 3 015 Chande Ram Per Month 5 45 - 38 503 7 - 25 96 22 268 3 016 Sesh Ram Per Month 10 90 - 80 1059 10 - 51 60 47 565 4 017 Dhani Ram Per Month 6 54 - 48 635 6 - 32 120 28 339 4 018 Puran Chand Per Month 8 72 - 68 900 4 - 42 120 40 480 2 019 Deenu Ram Per Month 5 45 - 40 529 5 - 27 96 24 282 3 020 Dharma Nand Per Month 5 45 - 39 516 6 - 27 120 23 275 4 0
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
74
Maize Barley
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
6 - - - 6 - 2 - - - 2 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
3 - - - 3 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 2 - - - 2 -
2 - - - 2 - 1 - - - 1 -
1 - - - 1 - 1 - - - 1 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 2 - - - 2 -
4 - - - 4 - 2 - - - 2 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
2 - - - 2 - 0 - - - 0 -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
75
Rice Gram
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
12 185 12 185 - - 2 140 2 140 - -
8 124 8 124 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
23 340 23 340 - - 3 210 3 210 - -
5 74 5 74 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
5 80 5 80 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
5 80 5 80 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
27 401 27 401 - - 3 210 3 210 - -
27 401 27 401 - - 4 280 4 280 - -
24 358 24 358 - - 2 140 2 140 - -
11 167 11 167 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
27 401 27 401 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
5 74 5 74 - - 1 70 1 70 - -
31 463 31 463 - - 3 210 3 210 - -
25 371 25 371 - - 2 140 2 140 - -
16 235 16 235 - - 2 140 2 140 - -
33 494 33 494 - - 4 280 4 280 - -
20 296 20 296 - - 2 140 2 140 - -
28 420 28 420 - - 3 210 3 210 - -
16 247 16 247 - - 2 140 2 140 - -
16 241 16 241 - - 2 140 2 140 - -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
76
Mash Moong
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
1 70 1 70 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
2 140 2 140 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
2 140 2 140 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
3 210 2 140 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
2 140 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
2 140 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
1 70 1 70 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
3 210 3 210 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
2 140 2 140 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
2 140 2 140 - - 1 65 1 65 - -
3 210 3 210 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
2 140 2 140 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
3 210 3 210 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
1 70 2 140 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
1 70 2 140 - - 2 130 2 130 - -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
77
Rajmah Sugar
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -
1 - - - 1 - 2 108 2 90 - -
5 - - - 5 - 6 252 6 270 - -
0 - - - 0 - 2 72 2 90 - -
0 - - - 0 - 2 72 2 90 - -
0 - - - 0 - 2 72 2 90 - -
6 - - - 6 - 6 288 6 270 - -
6 - - - 6 - 6 288 6 270 - -
4 - - - 4 - 5 216 5 225 - -
2 - - - 2 - 3 144 3 135 - -
6 - - - 6 - 6 288 6 270 - -
0 - - - 0 - 2 72 2 90 - -
7 - - - 7 - 7 324 7 315 - -
5 - - - 5 - 6 252 6 270 - -
3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -
8 - - - 8 - 8 360 8 360 - -
4 - - - 4 - 5 216 5 225 - -
6 - - - 6 - 6 288 6 270 - -
3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -
3 - - - 3 - 4 180 4 180 - -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
78
Edible Oil Milk
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
2 160 2 160 - - 25 25 500 - -
1 80 1 80 - - 15 - - 15 -
2 160 2 160 - - 35 - - 35 -
1 80 1 80 - - 10 10 200 - -
1 80 1 80 - - 10 - - 10 -
1 80 1 80 - - 10 10 200 0 -
3 240 3 240 - - 40 - - 40 -
3 240 3 240 - - 40 - - 40 -
2 160 2 160 - - 45 45 950 - -
2 160 2 160 - - 20 - - 20 -
3 240 3 240 - - 40 - - 40 -
1 80 1 80 - - 10 - - 10 -
3 240 3 240 - - 45 - - 45 -
2 160 2 160 - - 35 - - 35 -
1 80 1 80 - - 25 - - 25 -
3 240 3 240 - - 50 - - 50 -
2 160 2 160 - - 30 - - 30 -
2 160 2 160 - - 40 - - 40 -
2 160 2 160 - - 25 - - 25 -
2 160 2 160 - - 25 - - 25 -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
79
Ghee Meat/ Fish
Total Purchase Home Produce Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 82 84
2 600 - - 0 - 3 600 3 600 - -
1 300 - - 1 - 2 400 2 400 - -
2 600 - - 2 - 4 800 4 800 - -
1 300 1 300 0 - 2 400 2 400 - -
1 300 1 300 0 - 2 400 2 400 - -
1 300 1 300 0 - 2 400 2 400 - -
2 600 - - 2 - 3 600 3 600 - -
2 600 - - 2 - 4 800 4 800 - -
2 600 2 600 0 - 4 800 4 800 - -
1 300 - - 1 - 4 800 4 800 - -
2 600 - - 2 - 8 1600 8 1600 - -
1 300 1 300 0 - 2 400 2 400 - -
2 600 - - 2 - 6 1200 6 1200 - -
2 600 - - 1 - 4 800 4 800 - -
2 600 - - 2 - 5 1000 5 1000 - -
3 900 - - 2 - 6 1200 6 1200 - -
2 600 - - 2 - 6 1200 6 1200 - -
2 600 - - 1 - 8 1600 8 1600 - -
1 300 - - 1 - 3 600 3 600 - -
1 300 - - 1 - 2 400 2 400 - -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
80
Vegetables
Total Purchase Home Produce
Kg. Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
Quantity Value(Rs.)
85 86 87 88 89 90
2 100 2 100 - -
2 100 2 100 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
6 300 6 300 - -
3 150 3 150 - -
5 250 5 250 - -
3 150 3 150 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
3 150 3 150 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
5 250 5 250 - -
5 250 5 250 - -
6 300 6 300 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
5 250 5 250 - -
4 200 4 200 - -
3 150 3 150 - -
Draft Report on EIA & EMP of Nakthan HEP (460 MW) for HPPLC
81