Nagoya University Initiative for Nagoya University Initiative for Climatic Change Mitigation in Climatic Change Mitigation in CitiesCities

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IMURAIMURAGraduate School of Environmental StudiesGraduate School of Environmental Studies

Nagoya UniversityNagoya University

International Workshop on Urban Energy and Carbon ModelingFebruary 5February 5--66, 200, 20088

AIT Centre, Asian Institute of TechnologyAIT Centre, Asian Institute of TechnologyPathumthaniPathumthani, , TailandTailand

BackgroundBackgroundMay 2007: IPCC WGIII Assessment ReportJune 2007: G8 Summit

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Halving of GHG emissions by 2050Oct 2007: IPCC and Al Gore Jr. were awarded of the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change".December 2007

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COP13 in BaliJune 2008: G8 Summit in Hokkaido, Japan

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Stronger commitments expected, post-Kyoto arrangement?

Where CO2 comes from?

Asia in Urban and Industrial Transformation

The Role of Cities in Climatic Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Science of Climate ChangeUnderstanding of the Phenomena

Adaptation Strategies Mitigation Strategies

Supply SideTechnology Innovation in Industries,

Energy Supply, Vehicles, Buildings, Etc.

Demand SideSocio-economic Innovation in Spatial

Planning, Urban Design, Behaviors, Etc.

Top-DownApproach

Bottom-UpApproach

CitiesRegions

IPCC

Need of Ed & R Programmes

on Low-Carbon Cities： The Role of Universities

Climatic Change

Energy Consumption ReductionGHG Emission Reduction

Supply Side

Demand Side

Population IncreaseEconomic Growth

UrbanizationChina, India, South-East

Asia

BuildingsTransportationConsumption Life styles, Business styles

Energy SupplyIndustries

The Role of Universities

Research and Education

Halving of GHG Emissions by 2050

Need of Systematic Ed & RResearch on Asian citiesImprovement of System Efficiency

Technology R&D

Social TechnologyManagementPlanning

Low AwarenessFew ExpertsNeed of Ed & Research

Systematic Development of High Level Education and Research Prorammes on Climatic Change Mitigation in Cities

Cities

Low Carbon Cities

Areas of disciplines/studies in the proposed program

Civil engineeringArchitecture

“Low- Carbon”

Cities

Urban infrastructure technologies

Stra

tegic

urb

an d

evelo

pmen

tDisaster prevention and

managem

ent

Energy technologiesHa

rmon

izatio

n wi

th n

atur

eSociety and Human being

- Construction/ maintenance/ renewal of buildings

- Materials, durability, and lifetime

- Roads/railways, houses, buildings, water and sewerage, and waste treatment

- telecommunication

- Urban climate- Heat island- Water circulation

- “Cool and smart” city and disaster prevention

- Power supply (electricity and gas)- Use of renewable energy- Centralized /decentralized energy system - Energy-efficient equipment

- Control and management of urbanization

- Urban energy strategies

- Land use

- Economy and environment

- Economy of low- carbon society

- Lifestyle- Business style- Institutions, law and

regulation- Taxation system- Financial resources

Mechanical engineeringOther majors in engineering

Mitigation Strategies

Adaptation Strategies

Social environmental studies(Dept. Social and Human Environment)

Urban environmental studies(Dept. Environmental Engineering and Architecture)

Earth and environmental sciences(Dept. Earth and Environmental Sciences)

SustainabilitySafety and

security

Unique course works•Water and environment

•Population and environment

•Frontiers of environmental studies

•Sustainability and environmental studies (in English)

•Curriculum development of social environmental studies

Graduate School of Environmental Studies, NU

Dept. Environmental Engineering and Architecture

Dept. Social and Human Environment

Dept. Earth and Environmental Sciences

GHG emission reduction in transport and public sectors

Social impacts of climatic change and responses

Science of climatic change, local climate & metrology

Education

A number of student prize winning in the areas of environmental science, energy & resources, geography, architecture, civil engineering, ecology, etc.

No. of doctoral degree issued: 57

Urban energy・GHG emissions in Asian mega-cities・LCA of urban infrastructure・Heat island・Energy management in commercial &

residential sectorsUrban transport

・Environmentally Sustainable Transport

・Comparative analysis of urban transport and the environmentUrban infrastructure

・Life extension of social infrastructure (e.g. bridges)Disaster prevention

・Coastal and regional disaster prevention

Research

“Low-carbon” citiesAC21Overseas partner universities

International network (APN, GCP, etc.)

Our achievements at Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University

Nagoya University InitiativesNagoya University InitiativesRecognition and Understanding

Increasing role of cities in both industrialized and developing countries to promote Sustainable Buildings, Environmentally Sound Transportation, Energy Efficiency, Etc.Need of Integrating Climatic Change Mitigation Measures in Urban Development, especially in rapidly growing Asian cities in China, India, and South-East Asian CountriesUniversities and research institutions in Asia must cooperate more closely to provide opportunities for education and research activities, especially for students and young researchers

Start of the InitiativeNagoya University decided to start an initiative to promote research and education programmes related to the climatic change mitigation in cities, especially in the rapidly developing Asian cities, in cooperation with Universities, Research Institutions, Industries, Goverments, NGOs, and Citizens.

ObjectiveObjectiveBuild an International Network (“Consortium” , or “Platform of Joint Research Initiative”) of Universities, Research Institutes, International Organizations, NGOs and Others

Explore a Research & Education Programme

related to the

Climatic Change Mitigation and Adaptation Policies / Measures in Cities

Exchange information

Form an International Research Team

Hold International Meetings

GoalGoalBuild “low-carbon” cities, halving the GHG emissions by 2050

Improve energy efficiency drastically

Seek for “macro-efficiency” (or “social system efficiency”) rather than “micro-efficiency”Find a transition path to a “low-carbon” society, or “low-carbon city” through integrating environmental measures in urban development

Incorporate technological and socio-economic options

Establish a platform of research and education for young researchers, especially those who will lead the initiatives in developing countries

Field studies on developing Asian cities

Feasible measures enforceable in developing Asian cities

Land U se

RUSSIA

FINLAND

AUSTRIA

ITALY

SPAIN

SWEDEN

NORWAY

GERMANY

FRANCE

PORTUGAL

HUNGARY

ROMANIA

BULGARIATURKEY

DENMARKPOLAND

BELARUS

UKRAINE

CZECHSLOVAKIA

GREECE

ANDORRA

NETH.

BELGIUMIRELAND

MOLDOVA

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

LUX.

SWITZERLAND

GREENLAND

ICELAND

U. S. A.

CANADA

MEXICO

THE BAHAMAS

CUBA

PANAMA

EL SALVADOR

GUATEMALA

BELIZE

HONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

JAMAICA HAITIDOM. REP.

ARGENTINA

BOLIVIA

COLOMBIAVENEZUELA

PERU

BRAZIL

FRENCH GUIANASURINAME

GUYANA

CHILE

ECUADOR

PARAGUAY

URUGUAY

SUDAN

EGYPT

NIGER

MAURITANIA

MALI

NIGERIA

NAMIBIA

LIBYA

CHAD

CONGO

ANGOLA

ALGERIA

GABON

C.A.R.

TUNISIA

MOROCCO

TOGO

BENIN

GHANAIVORY COAST

LIBERIA

SIERRA LEONE

GUINEA

BURKINA

GAMBIACAMEROON

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

CONGOEQUATORIAL GUINEA

WESTERN SAHARA

SENEGAL

GUINEA BISSAU

Canary Islands

ISRAEL

LEBANON

SYRIA IRAQ

IRAN

SAUDIARABIA

RUSSIA

U. K.

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

ARCTIC

OCEAN

Mississ

ippi

Missouri

Colorado

Amazon

Nile

Cong

o

Niger

Ob'

Yenisey

Ohio

MacKen

zie

Rio G

r a nd e

Orinoco

Negro

Madeira

Para

na

Rhine

Dnieper

Great Lakes

�Great Slave L.

�Great Bear L.

L. Winnipeg

L. Chad

Chukchi Sea

Beaufort Sea

Caribbean Sea

Hudson Bay

Gulf ofAlaska

Baffin Bay

Gulf of Mexico

Norwegian Sea

GreenlandSea

NorthSea

Mediterranean Sea

BalticSea

Black Sea

Aral Sea

Barents Sea

Kara Sea

Caspian SeaRed Sea

2007　N ew C onstruction⇒ O peration & M aintenance ⇒ R enew al⇒・・・　2050　・・・・・　2100

G H G s, W astes, A ir and W ater P ollutants

Input & O utput of M aterial and E nergy

S pill-O ver E ffect

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2000 2030 2050 2100

NorthWestEast

Local C lim ate andM etrologyH eat Island

H ouses and B uildingsP hysical S tructure

Life C ycleP rolongation

Long-T erm P lanningand D esign

InternationalT rade

C arbonLeakage

S tabilizationS cenario

エネルギーシステム

T ransportation S ystem

LifestyleB usiness S tyle

N ew T echnologyT echnical P otencial

S ocial S ystem E fficincyFactor ５

Inform ationS ociety

M aterial

E xtended L C AE nvironm ental R esource

A ccounting

United States

Transition to “Low-Carbon” City and Its Impact

Material Flow / Stock and Energy Consumption

Change of …BuildingsInfrastructuresits Structure

Cause change of ..Functions of cityLife style of residenceEnergy cons.

StocksStocks

ConstructionConstruction

Estimating a MF / MS of city link to consider Energy Cons. Estimating a MF / MS of city link to consider Energy Cons. and the climate change.and the climate change.

Material Material StocksStocks / Accumulations / Accumulations for for Urban MetabolismUrban Metabolism

DemolitionDemolition

Material Material FlowsFlows forforUrban DevelopmentUrban Development

Prof. Hiroki TANIKAWA, Wakayama University

Historical Change of Material Stock #2 by construction material

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Material Stock (1000ton)

ＲａｉｌｗRoadwayBuilding

1849 1896 1908 1932 1953 1972 1980 1990 2004

Others

Wood

Brick

Steel

Morotar

Concrete

Aggregate/StoneBlock

In 2004, Aggregate and Stone Block is 28%, 24% of Concrete, 20% of Bricks.

Prof. Hiroki TANIKAWA, Wakayama University

Integrated model for “low-carbon” cities

Organic integration of technologies and systems

Building design, facilities (ventilation, home appliances etc.), vehicles, energy-efficient materials, recycling, various construction methods etc.

Population dynamics

Urban planning

Resource efficiency

Transportation system and land use (infrastructure, buildings, houses, allocation of waterfronts and green spaces etc.)

Coordinating with disaster prevention

Vision of the program

BACKCASTING

Renovating existing cities Developing new citiesDeveloped countries Developing countries

(based on LCA approach)

“Cool and smart” cities

LONG-TERM TARGETHalving GHG emissions by 2050

New construction Maintenance Renewal

Strategic urban development

ROADMAP NC M R

Reuse of existing stocks Resource circulation

Stabilization, and low birthrate and aging population

Rapid population growth Drastic LB&AP

Technology innovation

The program aims to develop human resources that are capable to build “low-carbon cities” based on the knowledge and technologies ranging from urban planning, infrastructure and building design to appropriate materials and construction methods.

…

Socioeconomic Scenario: Population, Economic Growth, …

Land UsePhysical Planning

CompactnessGreen Space, Water

Houses, BuildingsStructure, Material

LifeRenewal

Transportation SystemMode

Travel MileageFuel Economy

Urban Climate

Urban Development Scenario

Urban EnvironmentalSimulator

LCA

Input-Output of Energy and MaterialInternational Trade

Energy Development Scenario

Resource Accounting

Life StyleConsumption

Energy SystemEnergy EfficiencySystem EfficiencyEnergy Sources

Renewable Energy

GISAnnual and Accumulated

GHG Emissions

Evaluation ofCarbon Leakage

Evaluation ofSystem Efficiency

SEA of “Low-Carbon” City

Strategic Environmental Assessment of “Low-Carbon” City

Research&EducationInterdisciplinary education by multiple researchersSupervision by Japanese and foreign researchersPractical education with actual cities as research targets

Curriculum for Vertical and horizontalapproaches

Integrating theory and practice

Internationally recognized

performance

Land useTransportationEnergyInfrastructure LCMDisaster prevention

AdaptationMitigationPolicy and

planning

Support for young researchersEnglish training, education materials in English, human resource exchange with partner university and institutes, international conferences

Graduate School for Environmental Studies, Nagoya

University

International Research Center for Sustainable Transport and Cities

Visiting professors

Visiting researchers

Doctoral course

students

Platform for international research and education

Young researchers

Active exchange of human resources and scientific knowledge

Overseas partner univ.UC Berkeley (US)Tsinghua Univ. (China)Tongji Univ. (China)IIT (India)AIT (Thailand) etc.

Domestic and overseas partner institutes and initiatives

GCP (Int’l)ADB-BAQ (Asia)TERI (India)Wuppertal Inst. (Ger.)NIES (Japan)CRIEPI (Japan)Private sector etc.

Study citiesNagoyaBeijing and ShanghaiBangkokDelhi and MumbaiEtc.

The Consortium for Research and Education for Low-Carbon Cities (Vision)

Thank you! Wishing Collaboration with You

Through Nagoya University Initiative