The Nordic Association of Architectural Research

NAF 2016 Booklet of Abstracts

The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by PhD Research in the Nordic Countries

Eds, Charlie Gullström Hughes, Daniel Koch, Magnus Rönn, Anne Elisabeth Toft

Title: NAF 2016, Booklet of Abstracts

Publisher: The Nordic Association of Architectural Research

Year: 2016

Author(s): Charlie Gullström Hughes, Daniel Koch, Magnus Rönn, Anne Elisabeth Toft

_________________________________________________________________________

Content:

Foreword

Introduction

Authors

Abstracts

Reviewers

Foreword

Nordisk Arkitekturforskning (NAF) is an independent association of architectural researchers from universities and schools of architecture in the Nordic countries. The association has existed since 1987. Its primary function is to facilitate the research collaborations of its mem-bers and their exchange and dissemination of research results. Through its research sympo-sia and its peer-reviewed scientific journal NJAR, NAF sets a standard for the scientific and artistic level of architectural research produced in the Nordic countries. NAF represents a pluralist approach to research in the area of architecture, urban planning and landscape ar-chitecture, supporting academic freedom and scientific independence. It welcomes re-searchers from PhD-level to senior researcher level, providing them with critical mass and an engaging and supportive research community. NAF symposia are held once a year. They are important platforms for critical reflection on architecture and architectural research in the Nordic countries. The fact that the symposia are conceptualized and organized in collaboration with various partners and each year host-ed by a different university or school of architecture ensures their dynamic and democratic format. Each year the symposium is focusing its discussions on a topic or theoretical frame-work representing the current research interests of NAF and its collaborating partner. The plug-in structure of NAF symposia allows for cross over collaborations between research institutions, and it stimulates individual researchers to explore new research contexts and cultures within the larger research community of NAF. The 2016 NAF symposium The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by PhD Research in the Nordic Countries is a co-production between NAF and the PhD School at KTH Stock-holm. Due to their shared interest in mapping and critically discussing the latest research taking place in the Nordic countries, the symposium will focus on PhD projects which are currently being carried out in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. In a self-reflexive manner, NAF and the PhD School at KTH Stockholm will raise a number of epistemological questions regarding the notion of architecture and architectural research as it presents itself in various research contexts. The symposium has been generously supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council Formas and Sven Tyréns Stiftelse, for which KTH Stockholm and NAF are very grateful. Anne Elisabeth Toft President of Nordisk Arkitekturforskning (NAF)

Introduction What does a PhD in architecture lead to? What kind of PhD research is carried out in the Nordic countries, why, and how? What does performing research in architecture mean? What is the relevance and value of PhD research in architecture for the architectural educa-tion, the profession and society? What are the traditions and cultures of research at Nordic PhD schools, universities, institutes, art academies, architectural offices, municipalities and the industry? What is the significance of research settings in the Nordic countries for the emergence of research practices, formats, methods and discourses that determine the way we understand architecture as a field of research? Researcher training in and about architecture has gained visibility over the past 25 years. Since the 1990s institutional and individual based frameworks for PhD training have been developed at both schools of architecture and universities. This has not just created an extra level of qualification but has also contributed to a reflective interest in the architectural field in the broadest sense: interior design, architectural design, city and landscape planning, urban-ism, architectural history and architectural heritage, conservation and preservation - in short, all forms of spatial culture. For 25 years The Nordic Association of Architectural Research has been a unifying key play-er for architectural research in the Nordic countries, and thus also an important representa-tive for the different research cultures at PhD schools. With the symposium The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by PhD Research in the Nordic Countries the association wants to shed light on and map architectural research by starting a critical discussion on PhD re-search. At the symposium this will be done by asking questions about the benefit, relevance, formats, explorations, and interfaces of research - and about its current state and the per-spectives for its future. The symposium seeks to connect subjective experience with the discipline-specific issues that researcher training programmes have made possible as PhD training has gained ground. Which notions on architecture have been promoted? What methodologies have been developed? In what way have the forms of presentation and dissemination changed since the 1990s? The mapping will take into consideration differences and similarities between the Nordic na-tions and between their different discursive traditions. Fundamentally, researcher training in and about architecture supports an institutionalised process of knowledge production that, among other things, includes grants, PhD positions, supervision, courses, project work, etc. From the perspective of The Nordic Association of Architectural Research it is also essential to make visible and discuss these elements in order to support trans-disciplinary and cross-institutional research development in the wide-ranging field of architecture. The symposium aims at illustrating the Nordic research community and its positioning in a self-reflexive manner by putting into perspective the above. It is primarily aimed at PhD stu-dents and PhD supervisors, but will be relevant to anyone who works with research and knowledge production within interior design, architectural design, urban design and devel-

opment, landscape architecture and physical planning, architectural history and theory or architectural heritage, conservation and preservation and who has an interest in the episte-mological questions raised by the way the concept of architecture and the concept of re-search are interpreted in various research-related contexts. The symposium aims at provid-ing a broad platform for researchers, educators and professionals to share views, results and experiences on the production of knowledge in architecture, and it welcomes representatives from both academia and practice. Nordic as well as International PhD-supervisors and senior researchers can attend the symposium.

The symposium invites all PhD students in the Nordic countries who engage in architectural research. It gives participants an opportunity to present their dissertation projects and dis-cuss their experience from researcher training in a qualified context. The symposium have been aimed at PhD students who have dissertation projects in the following areas of re-search: • Interior design • Architectural design • Urban design and development • Landscape architecture and physical planning • Architectural theory and history • Architectural heritage, conservation and preservation The Call for Papers resulted in 43 abstracts. After a blind review process conducted by the scientific committee 31 abstracts by PhD students have been accepted for paper presenta-tion at the symposium. These abstracts are presented unedited in this booklet of abstracts, where they have been collected in an arbitrary order. The symposium will take place in Stockholm in 2016, 19-20 May. Charlie Gullström Hughes, Daniel Koch, Magnus Rönn, Anne Elisabeth Toft Organizing committee

Authors

Anja Standal, PhD student The Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Anna Katrine Hougaard, PhD stipendiat

IThe Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design & Conservation

Anne Corlin, PhD fellow Kolding Design School

Anne Sigrid Nordby, PhD student, Asplan Viak Trondhem,

Catarina Tormark, PhD student, Malmö University, Søren Nielsen, PhD fellow, Vandkunsten

Barbro Grude Eikseth, PhD student

Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Bente Melgaard, PhD student Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University

Claudia Auer, PhD student

Aalto University

Collins Sasakah Makunda, PhD fellow Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Elin Manker, PhD student

Stockholm University

Elin T. Sørensen, PhD candidate Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Elisabeth Sjödahl, PhD student

Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Espen Lunde Nielsen, PhD student Aarhus School of Architecture

Fabio Hernandez-Palacio, PhDsStudent

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Inger-Marie Hølmebakk, PhD student Oslo School of architecture and design

Ira Verma, PhD student

Aalto University

Iver Tangen Stensrud, PhD candidate Oslo School of architecture and design

Kaisa Kilpeläinen, PhD student

Aalto University

Katja Maununaho, PhD student TUT School of Architecture

Kristine Sundahl, PhD student

The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design & Conservation

Anders Kruse Aagaard, PhD fellow Aarhus School of Architecture

Mathilde Sprovin, PhD stipendiat

Oslo School of architecture and design

Morten Birk Jørgensen, PhD student, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design & Conservation

Natalie Koerne, PhD candidate

The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design & Conservation

Nicholas Thomas Lee, PhD fellow The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design & Conservation

Ola Svenle, PhD student

KTH/School of Architecture

Saija Hollmén, PhD student Aalto University

Torben Thyregod, PhD Student

The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Design and Conservation

Turid B. Øien, PhD student Danish Building Research Institute and Aalborg University, Denmark

Ute Groba, PhD fellow

The Oslo School of Architecture and Design

Yrsa Cronhjort, PhD student Aalto University

Abstracts

Title: X

Abstract

This  paper  looks  at  the  interface  between  public  and  private  realms  through  microe morphological   spatial  investigation  and  the  key  role  this  plays  within  Compact  City  development,  a  preferred  response  in  attaining  sustainability  in  the  Norwegian  urban  environment.  The  paper  forms  part  of  a  PhD,  which  aims  to  develop  better  methods  of  practice  for  urban  densification  investigating  and  testing  potential  solutions  for  publice private  interface  and  how  this  contributes  quality  to  the  urban  realm.  A  vital   aspect  of  the  research  is  to  understand  the  relationship  between  public  and  private  space  in  the  compact  city,  going  a  step  further  from  policy  and  planning  to  investigate  the  spatial  realm.  

A  focus  on  the  understanding  of  physical  urban  form  in  a  compact  city  framework  is  approached  through  the  field  of  Urban  Morphology.  This  looks  to  assess  how  spatial  connections,  details  and  design  on  the  microe morphological  level  can  give  knowledge  and  vital  input  to  meso  and  macro  level.  It   explores  Urban  Morphology  as  a  method  in  architectural  research  together  with  the  fundamental  principles  that  comprise  the  theoretical  basis  of  that  field.  A  key  focus  in  this  will  be  a  discussion  of  the  content  of  the  term  microa morphology  and  what  role  it  can  play  in  urban  architectural  research.  

The  hypothesis  for  this  paper  is  that  the  spatial  details  and  microe morphological  urban  design   elements  of  the  interface  zone  play  a  significant  role  in  densification  processes  and  compact  city  development.  A  photographic  survey  of  publice private  interfaces  in  a  range  of  neighbourhoods  within   the  compact  city  framework  will  be  conducted  and  serve  as  an  important  empirical  basis  for  the  paper.  In  addition,  a  systematic  literature  survey  of  relevant  books  and  contemporary  articles  will  support  the  findings.  This  aims  to  gain  an  understanding  of  the  interface  zone  in  reale life  and  theory  by  describing,   reducing,  sorting  and  analyzing  data,  to  find  patterns  and  develop  a  typology.  

Keywords:  compact  city,  urban  densification,  publica private  interface,  urban  morphology,  microa morphology  

Contact  details:  

NN

Title: X

NN

Abstract:

Mit Ph.d. projekt, der er udf0rt på KADK i K0benhavn handler om den konventionelle arkitekturtegnings

intenst diskuterede rolle i dens nuvcerende computeriserede kontekst, hvor nogle arkitekter og

arkitekturteoretikere, f.eks. Mario Carpo,1 forudser at tegningen er et udd0ende fcenomen.2 Dette stemmer

dog ikke overens med samtidens realitet, såvel som at en 'enten tegning eller computer' distinktion virker

alt for grov og temmelig u-nyttig.

Ph.d.en foreslår, at den cendring der sker i samtidens arkitekturmedier snarere lader sig beskrive som en

form for mutation,3 hvorfra meget forskelligartede blandingsformer mellem analoge og digitale

mediepraksisser fremkommer. Af denne grund bliver en h0jnet mediebevidsthed meget vigtig for

arkitekter. Desuden foreslår ph.d.en, at den konventionelle arkitekturtegning - scerligt med henblik på plan,

snit, og opstalt - spiller en n0glerolle som en form for delt 'arvemasse' fra hvilken nye mediepraksisser

bryder frem.

Ph.d.en er udf0rt som 'artistic research' - kort sagt betyder dette for projektets metodologi og

arbejdsmåde, at mine egne tegninger finder en plads i den teoretiske del af ph.d.en, hvor tegning bruges til

at tcenke over de samme temaer, som behandles i den teoretiske del af projektet.

Det at tcenke-igennem-tegning-og-design-proces betones og underst0ttes ved at koble videnskabsteori

omhandlende det at r<Esonnere i forhold til nye ideers fremkomst. S<Erligt kobles til diagramt<Enkere som

Charles S. Peirce og i mindre grad til Gilles Deleuze. På denne videnskabsteoretiske baggrund bliver det

argumenteret, at det, at sammenstille et arkitektonisk arbejdsmedium af diverse teknikker og

notationsformer udg0r en egen tcenkemodus, der rcekker langt ind i bygningens realitet og endog

medformer denne.

Mine egne tegninger hand ler iscer om bevcegelsesnotation og trcekker på en tegningsdiskurs reprcesenteret

af f.eks. Bernard Tschumi's The Manhattan Transcripts,4 dog er mine tegninger udf0rt med

computerteknikker.

Keywords:

Architectural drawing, artistic research in PhD projects, diagram, analogue and digital notation

1 Mario Carpo, The Alphabet and the Algorithm, (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The MIT Press,

2011). 2

For eksempel blev der I 2012 afholdt et symposium på Yale School of Architecture kaldt "Is Drawing Dead?"

http:ljwww.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL79A5264AOADED746 (accessed 14.12.2015). 3

At kalde det en mutation er inspireret af Robin Evans, der i essayet "The Developed Surface - An Enquiry into the

Brief Life of an Eighteenth-Century Drawing Technique" beskriver en mutation i de britiske arkitekters brug af den

konventionelle tegning. Robin Evans, Translations from Drawing to Building and Other Essays, (London: Architectural

Association Publishers, 1997), 195-233. 4

Bernard Tschumi, The Manhattan Transcripts, Expanded 2.nd edition, (London: Academy Editions, 1994).

Title: X

Abstract

Superkilen is a public park, located at Ydre N0rrebro in Copenhagen, Denmark. It barders

Mj0lnerparken1 one of the most deprived social housing areas in Den mark. It is a former working

dass district that is now a multicultural area with mixed income groups. For many years it had a

reputation for severe social problems. In 2005 the Copenhagen Municipality and the Real Dania fund

initiated a renewal project for the city area. Superkilen was a part of this plan. The aim was to deal

with the problems of migration in this neighbourhood.

The research question for this study deals with the way Superkilen urban renewal has influenced the

social life in Mj0lnerparken and Ydre N0rrebro.

Data collection for this study was done by triangulating three methods: field observations, literature

studies from books, articles and films about the project and qualitative interviews. The interviews

are with 50 different informants consisting of residents living in Superkilen, inhabitants in

Mj0lnerparken and key stakeholders in the neighbourhood, who have also being involved in the

process of renewing of the park.

The findings from the case study are elaborated and discussed in relation to the hierarchy and social

parameters outlined in Eckhardt and Stauskis (2011). Through case studies in Vilnius and Weimar,

Eckhardt and Stauskis discuss how urban spaces can support social life on different scales. Those are

the neighbourhood, the local territorial community, the city and nation.

The findings from Superkilen are also discussed in relation to theory about performative architecture

and an increasing focus on architecture and design's narrative significance.

This paper shows the way the different levels of organisation (neighbourhood, local territorial

community, city and nation) affects the social interaction between people in the city.

It also indicates that creating an urban park that is an urban art exhibition and which takes the

multiculturality of the neighbourhood as a starting point, also has a beneficial effect on the social life

in the area.

Keywords Urban spaces, social sustainability, physica/ configuration. interaction, storyte/ling, performative design

Author:

NN

NAF Symposium 2016

NN

Title: X

Abstract:

Even though all Nordic countries show very high rates of reusing building waste, a vast amount of

embodied energy from manufacturing and construction processes is lost in down-cycling processes.

High-level reuse requires changes in the current construction practice. Future construction practice

may be based upon strategies for preserving material resources - its embodied energy and its cultural

value, including:

1. Repurposing of building waste from demolishing and dismantling operations. Repurposing is defined

as high-level reuse where components change function and position in the classification system.

2. Reversible assembly methods preparing for future dismantling and repurposing. Reversible assembly

method is defined as design for disassembly aiming for direct reuse in same function.

In the publicly co-funded innovation-project Nordic Built Component Reuse a series of full-scale

product prototypes were created in an explorative process in order to exemplify and demonstrate

practical pursuing of such strategies. Processes were mapped and Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) were

performed.

As the cases confront the regimes of current regulations and market conditions, numerous obstacles

and dilemmas are revealed:

• A technological gap, where a mutual dependency exists between the critical demand for

secondary products and the invention of more advanced demolition tools.

• An environmental challenge in documenting compliance with current critical limits for toxins

in waste.

• A commonly found cultural resistance towards the aesthetics of weathering wear and tear.

The above obstacles disregarded, a novel architectural potential results from the resource preserving

strategies, including:

• lncreased uncertainties and larger construction tolerances found with repurposed

components, which leads to novel assembly motifs.

• Visible connections enabling dismantling can articulate the identity of buildings by forming

ornamental motifs.

• Architectural typologies emerged as a consequence of resource-preserving strategies.

Keywords:

Reversible construction, repurposing, structural hierarchy, life-cycle hierarchy, technology gap,

cultural inertia, assembly details, tectonic language

The Non.lic Association of Architecturnl Research S) mposium 2016 in Stockholm: The

Prod11ctio11 of Knn11'/edge in Archi1eC111re hy PhD Re\C:affh in the Nordic Co11111rie.,

Title: X

Stikkord: Ark itekturfor�kning. ark itektutdanning. ark itektprofesjonen. profesjonsforstaelsc.

kunnskapsteori. profes_ionsk unnskap. 1, crrfaglige perspekti,er

NN

Sammendrag

Arkitektprofesjon og arkitektutdanning er et lite utforsket felt, både i nordisk og europeisk

sammenheng. PhD-prosjektet Arkitekter i emning - profesjom:forståelser i norsk arkitektutdanning

(under arbeid) bidrar dermed til utvikling av el viktig kunnskapsfelt med stort utviklingspotensial. I

avhandlingen unders0ker jeg hvilke former for profesjonsforståelse man kan finne i dagens

arkitektutdanning, og hvordan disse står i forhold til krav og forventninger i arkitektpraksis, med

srerlig vekt på dialog og samhandling med brukere (og klienter). Avhandlingen er et kvalitativt

forskningsarbeid, i hovedsak inspirert av samfunnsfaglige metoder og teknikker (intervjuer,

observasjoner med mer).

Hensikten med artikkelen er å belyse det kunnskapsteoretiske grunnlaget i avhandlingen, med

utgangspunkt i profesjonsteoretiske perspektiver på kunnskap. Det trekkes et grunnleggende skille

mellom profesjonskunnskap og vitenskapelige disipliners kunnskapsbase (Grimen 2008). I motsetning

til vitenskapelige disipliner som fysikk, lingvistikk, sosiologi eller 0konomi, har profesjonene sine

formål utenfor seg selv; de har et praktisk siktemål. Praktisk kunnskap står er dermed sentralt i

profesjonenes kunnskapsanvendelse (Aristoteles, Johannessen 1984, Polanyi 1967). Det er den enkelte,

konkrete arbeidsoppgaven som bestemmer hvilke kunnskapselementer som er relevant, og hvordan de

knyttes sammen. Profesjonsut0vere må i de fleste tilfeller anvende kunnskap fra.flere u/ike

kunnskapsfelt i sitt arbeid, og har dermed en heterogen kunnskapsbase. Det er et av trekkene som

skiller profesjoner fra disipliner, som har en homogen kunnskapsbase. Dette diskuteres i forhold til

teorien om the making disciplines (Dunin-Woyseth 2002).

Artikkelen viser at jeg, arkitekt og profesjonsut0ver, også somforsker bygger på en tverrfaglig og

sammensatt kunnskapsbase. Det er avhandlingens problemstilling og forskningsmateriale som gir

foringer for hvilke teorier og kunnskapselementer som er relevante. Kunnskapsbasen er utviklet i

dialog med litteratur og fagpersoner innenfor de respektive fagområdene, men er hele veien forankret

i arkitektfaglige perspektiver og prosjektets problemstillinger. Artikkelen viser at avhandlingens ulike

kunnskapselementer dermed må sees og vurderes som noe annet enn i en disiplinfaglig kontekst.

Artikkelens underoverskrifter:

1. lnnledning. Kort om eget PhD-prosjekt

2. Profesjonsteoretiske perspektiver på kunnskap vs. teorien om the "Making

disciplines"

3. Avhandlingens konkrete kunnskapsgrunnlag. Prosess og resultat.

4. Konkluderende refleksjoner

5. Referanser

1

Abstract to Nordic Association of Architectural Symposium 2016 in Stockholm

NN

Title: X

This paper will outline the research methods, which are used to explore suburban life and suburban space. Through architectural analysis and urban life registrations a study of suburban physical frames are conducted to reflect upon how the space have im pact and shape the use of the suburban public spaces. There are relatively many people who pass the suburban spaces, hut fewer who actually make a stay - because the frames are not offering the possibilities. Therefore, to comprehend the people, their everyday life and the social connections of the suburb, anthropology methods are also tested in the project. Qualitative interviews, logbook and fieldwork have been used to see and engage with the lived everyday life, as it is taking place in a typical

Danish suburb. As a result of this interest, my family and I have moved in to the case study area 'S0ndermarken' in Vejle for 9 months. From here the everyday life and the social connections and community was examined through daily registrations (pictures, notes and GPS-tracking) and broad participation in collective activities of the suburb.

The objective is to see how the physical connections have impact on the social connections in the suburb and to find potentials in the everyday life to develop suitable suburban spaces.

KEYWORDS

Suburbs, urban life, urban space, methods, architecture, anthropology, physical and social connections.

Title: X

Finnish kindergarten architecture is created based on a state of need for space. Buildings are accurately designed to

predefined program, standards and regulations within strictly limited schedule and budget. How and whether the

objective ofarchitectural quality has been defined depends on the form ofthe acquisition. The clients and project

partners will and skill to define architecture mostly forms the baseline for the project.

r

The doctoral research examines Finnish school and kindergarten construction practice f om the perspective of

architecture. How is architecture created?

This study concentrates on the Suurpelto case. The Suurpelto Childrens House is built based on a competition

winning entry for the City of Espoo. The project has been a case project for several research studies on sustainable

building design. It was planned and built as pilot project for energy efficient building construction. The aim ofthis

paper is to investigate the role of architecture in the kindergartens design practice in relation to knowledge

creation. The author and architect hersel fis the research er.

Hermeneutic narrative writing tries to capture the process of getting to know the known in profession. The paper

introduces autoreflective writing as starting point in practice led architectural research. Knowledge produced in

pragmatic architecture practice is knowledge by doing hut not knowing. Handling the mess in the professional

practice is a process led by embodied tacit knowledge. The professional architect uses her knowledge as starting

point for architectural quality. By addressing words as concreter of architectural knowledge in different contextual

situations the idea of architecture is transformed into projective sense. Projective practice in architecture is

transformed into an oscillative project in the practice of architectural research.

The central point ofthe research is the research question 'what!*?architecture?+!!!#' Only by introducing a research

question as leading line through the fictional autobiographic narrative the method ofreflecting on one owns practice

can be addressed as research. Production of subjectivity is a significant factor for value production in architecture.

Thus the recognition of subjective knowing in research is suggested to form an important method in architectural

knowledge production.

NN

keywords: architecture, practice led research, project, knowledge production

Author: NN

Title: X

Key words: PhD research, East Africa, Urban Context, Methodology, AHO.

ABSTRACT:

Over the years a number of PhDs have successfully been completed at the Oslo School of Architecture

and Design (AHO) with a focus on the urban context of East Africa. In the research undertaken in the

PhDs, various divergent and interrelated facets of the urban context have been explored. This paper

reviews the architectural and urbanism knowledge gained from the research that has been undertaken

thus far and especially what has been achievable through the methodologies employed. The paper

highlights some of the lessons learned and challenges encountered in the research as documented in

these pioneering PhDs as well as research opportunities made possible by what has been accomplished

so far. The author's own current PhD research is focused on the urban context of East Africa and

especially one that is now rapidly transforming as typified by the specific case of Nairobi's residential

habitats and seeks to build on prior related research on the region. Methodologically, the investigations

for the paper are undertaken through a review of previous AHO PhDs that deal with any of a number of

aspects of the built environment in the urban context of East Africa. The paper's findings are that:

knowledge on the nature of urban informality in the East African context has been gained through the

research undertaken for the PhDs although room still exists to further expand the knowledge of the built

environment; valuable lessons have been learnt on how to undertake sim ilar research and these should

inform further research; strategies have been developed by the researchers for overcoming some of the

challenges encountered in the collection of empirical data but other challenges still remain; and

opportunities exist for pushing the knowledge frontier much further especially in terms of how the

empirical findings are discovered, documented and disseminated.

Abstract for attending the Conference The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by PhD Research in the Nordic Countries

NN

Title: X

NN

Abstract

My on-going PhD-project (working title: Historicism as aesthetic strategy. Design criticism

and practice in Sweden 1850-1890) concerns the aesthetic debate during 191h century

regarding interior design, and more specifically the arguments that encapsulated historicism

and eclecticism as an appropriate, or not appropriate, way of designing, as well as the pros

and eons of industrial production processes at the time. The main source is periodicals that

dealt with these issues. Being in the beginning of my investigation, I am looking for proper

theoretical and methodological approaches to think about and treat this debate. In my

paper I want to discuss and give examples of how to tackle this, a sharing of my

work-in-progress that hopefully opens for discussions on theory, methods and experiences

related to research that looks inta architecture and design as producers of knowledge.

At core in my thesis is a communication process between editors of the journals and

target groups, and between editors and a wider European movement, where the call is to

enlighten the bourgeoisie and affect society. At stake are also the design objects themselves. I

will therefore tum to Actor-Network Theory in the first place for handling this matter. ANT

has been used in design research during the last decade, the approach is not new in that

sense, but it has scarcely been used when it comes to 191h century issues. One can wonder: is this a fruitful approach or is ANT adapted more to contemporary practices? Moreover, I have

noted that both Latour and Law lately have tum to the arts for new inspiration in research

methods.' I therefore want to rise the question what it mean to

art/architecture/design researchers when sociologists, which we have turned to for

theoretical and methodological working tools, now tum to us for the same reasons.

KeyWords

Interior design, industrial design, 191h century, Actor-Network Theory, aesthetic, criticism

1 For example: Bruna Latour: "An attempt at a 'Composionist Manifesta"', New Literary History, 2010:4, 471-

490 and John Law: Assembling the Baroque, CRESC Working Paper Series no.109, 2011

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium:

The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by PhD Research

in the Nordic Countries

Title: X

Author: NN

Keywords: Ph.D.-research, Research by Design, reflecting on practice, 'reflection-action'

relationship, concept fonnation, 'art-knowledge'

Abstract (299 words)

I am entering a Ph.D.-scholarship from visual art and urban design practice. The field of arts

may be a place for !raders of imagination embedded in subjectivity. Do we encounter predominant

assumptions on the validity of'art-knowledge'? Leading to questions on how to approach

'scientific nonns and rules' from an art-practitioner perspective? It is intriguing to reflect on how to

link the seemingly ungraspable to research methodology. Then which methods are useful? How can

practice and reflection feed into each other here? I see concept fonnation and design-process

(within architectural context) as a tool to inquire and solve problems. Research by Design as a

framework comprising theories, methods and strategies - making design related knowledge-

production explicit. To pin down particular artistic inquiry, the Ph.D.-initial-phase will reflect on

practice by analysing and describing visual arts methods, their intluence on landscape design work

and vice versa.For insights and support in this writing, I engage in a literature survey on John

Dewey's Art as experience: A work on the phenomenology of aesthetic experience. His views has

influenced 'relational aesthetics' and 'social interventions' - directions within the arts tangent to

architectural thinking and action. The practice-reflection will focus on concept-formation, prior to

drawing out design-plans:

A phase where information is processed and digested towards practical, on site applicability. From a

practitioner-perspective, cultivating understanding of i.e. specific site, material ity and contextual

properties involve dimensions of sensory experience and emotional connectivity towards object(s)

of study. A knowledge building essential to spatial planning and design. Philosopher Arne Ness

discuss 'reason and feeling' describing a reflective processes relevant to i.e. aesthetic judgements.

Nress clarify aspects through Spinoza's ratio - a concept unifying reason and feeling. Comparing

ratio to an 'inner voice' much applied in making aesthetic choice. Such insights are helpful in

articulating knowledge-production processed via art and design.

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND PHYSICAL PLANNING

NN

Title: X

The effects of climate change in Scandinavia, leads to more rain in short periods of time, giving

water management a central role for future urban planning.

This research interweaves theory with practice. The PhD training program has provided the

tools to perform academic disciplinary research. The systematic literature review localizes the

actual gaps of knowledge and help frame a relevant research question. Practice is addressed

through specific design work and policy recommendations.

The project asks how water management in peri-urban areas can handle flooding and also

create additional values, such as energy, cultivation of food as well as recreational values for

the inhabitants? Site specific design cases, investigates how to visualize and enhance water

thinking in the planning process, and how to develop the productive ecosystem services in

order to balance open space and urban pressure.

The research includes mapping the regional hydraulic context. The projects seek through

design cases to introduce a three-dimensional reading of the presences of water,

corresponding to the hydraulic cycle, and its change over time. A case study is chosen, with a

documented flood risk and urban pressure, Ellingsrudåsen, between Oslo and the Gardemoen

Airport. In this area of transformation, urban and rural activities co-exist, and different logics

create conflicts between land-uses.

The water does not respect planning boundaries, and new planning parameters are needed in

order to take the water logics into account in planning. The design of future scenarios in the

case studies, will therefore inform planning practice with necessary parameters that can help

answer the future ecological challenges. In addition, the outcomes of the practical research, is

brought back as theory to the discipline of landscape architecture and urbanism.

Key words: Water management

Climate change

Scandinavia

Case study

Planning parameters

Mapping

Ecosystem services

Research by design

lhe Produdion of l<nowlecJge in Arlhill'Clurc IJy PllD Rusec11lil i11 tlw Nordic lountries

The Nordic Assocratron of Archrtectural Re�earch Syrnpo�ium JOJ6 111 Stockhoin'

NN

Title: X

In my ongoing Ph.D. (20 I 3-20 I 6) I explorc rhe infra-ordinary (as coined by Georges Perec) as spaces for social inreracrion and encounrers. People coexisr and inreract rhrough these everyday and unregarded spaces in real-time and rhrough spario­marerial deposits over time, using rhe archirecrure as a medium.

The research is facilirared rhrough a series of urban biopsies, where a range of spaces considered infraordinary are explored from wirhin - some emerging direcrly from my own subjective life-world. Here rhe specificiry of rhe given siruarion is embraced, rather rhar rrying ro creare an objective accounr and universal claims. Through using variousframeworks of perception, being artistic and crirical spatial pracrices, rhe intention is ro ger ar distance of rhe well-known and explore it rhrough an analyric appararus and rhus by-pass rhe usual hierarchies of perception ro gain new knowledge. Hence, rhere is a consranr inrerplay berween submersion and distance. Parallel ro rhe design-driven experiments, there is a constant dialecric berween practice and rheory, which serve as 'relays' ro move rhe overall understanding and projecr forward.

Furrhermore, in rhis paper I wanr ro go rhough some of rhe urban biopsies rhar I did <luring my Ph.D. and reflect upon rhe various approaches, techniques and merhods used, including phorographic devices, interactive installations, crearive writing, moving picrures - and how rhese contributed ro the overall sum of knowledge, informed each other and have their own specific narure, potentials, surprises, failures, and pirfalls. AJso, it will include a reflection on the various sires of producrion (sire of enquiry, academic office, workshops, placcs of dissemination, etc.) and rhe rype of knowledge produced wirhin and i n-berween these respecrive fields.

Keywords: siruared knowledge-production, urban biopsies, frameworks of perception, research by design, infraordinary, everyday, crirical spatial pracrices, arcisric pracrices.

Title: X

NN

The dissertation explores urban densification as a sustainability policy in Norway and the

challenges of its implementation. The Norwegian context is characterized by a high-income

population, located in a rather scattered built environment. Density in the Norwegian cities is

among the Jowest in the European context and commuting is still dominated by car. This is

probably a rather challenging environment for achieving denser cities leading to less car

dependency. The dissertation is a collection of papers, each one dealing with different aspects

of planning and implementing densification. The first paper 'Sustainability and Urban

Quality' explores urban density and the associated qualities that have been highlighted as

fundamental in the question of the 'good city' in the tradition of architecture and urban

design. The second paper 'On the Feasibility and Effectiveness oj Urban Densification in

Norway' offers an overview of densification in the four largest Norwegian cities. The paper

deals with practicability issues around densification and the effect of densification on

environmentally friendly transport. The third paper 'The value of urban density: A hedonic

price mode! for Trondheim, Norway' explores the willingness of homebuyers to pay for urban

characteristics attached to the sustainable city, such as density and proximity to urban services.

The fourth paper 'The Transition towards a Denser and More Sustainable City: Factors and

Actors in Trondheim, Norway' uses transition theory to analyse the obduracy of the local

urban regimes and the urgency of developing new planning instruments to steer the transition

toward denser and more sustainable cities in Norway.

Keywords:

compact city, Norwegian cities, sustainable city, sustainable development, urban densification,

sustainability transition

Abstract 15.desember 2015

Title: X

NN

Det er behov for praksisncer arkitekturforskning (Schön; Cuff; Ryghaug; Moum). Med utgangspunkt i egen doktorgradsprosess (Fra uro til utvikling. Universell utforming som /inse for studie av implementering av nytt. Doktorgradsavhandling, AHO, in prep.), og med st0tte i arkitekt-og designfaglig forskning (Lawsen; Dobloug; Cuff) så ve! som sosiokulturell lceringsteori (Vygotsky; Lave og Wenger), skal behovet for å bygge ut den praksisncere arkitekturforskningen belyses. Unders0kelsen bygger på to feltarbeid gjennomf0rt blant prosjekterende arkitekter under arbeid med kulturbygg. Å identifisere utfordringer i m0te med nytt i pågående arkitektpraksis kan vcere nyttig for arkitektprofesjonen.

I tidlig fase av prosjekteringen hadde problemstillinger knyttet til nye krav om universell utforming (UU) vcert dr0ftet, og dette var i stor grad implementert i tegningsmaterialet. Likevel var det en viss uro for det nye begrepet (UU), eller myndighetenes strategi, blant arkitektene. Begrepsforvirring, ambivalens, unnvikelse og irritasjon så ut til å ligge i det faktum at tematikken var noe man måtte forholde seg til, mer enn noe man ;:,nsket å engasjere seg i. Forvirringen kan tolkes både å henge sammen med a) et sp0rsmål om hvordan man nå skulle gj0re ting annerledes, men kanskje like mye også b) hva man egentlig mente om det nye. I unders0kelsen fant jeg at motivasjon for endring lå i 0nske om å oppnå best mulig arkitektonisk resultat, og at erfaringer, spesielt med "byggede feil", var langt mer effektivt for endring enn formell generell lovgivning gjennom forskriftskrav. Det er behov for forskning på praksis (Schön, Cuff, Ryghaug, Moum) som kan identifisere utfordringer i m0te med endringer som ber0rer arkitekters <laglige arbeid.

Arkitektprofesjonen viste seg til dels ukomfortabel med å bli gjenstand for forskning, og tilgangsproblematikken var mer omfattende enn forventet. Dette indikerer et "svakt punkt" men også et interessant fokus for praksisncere studier.

N0kkelord: Arkitektpraksis. Praksisncer forskning. Selvetnografi. Grounded theory. Praksisfelleskap. Refleksjon-i-handling. Tverrfaglighet

Title: X

NN

Background The population is aging and especially the percentage of very old persons is increasing. The aim is to reduce institutional care and sheltered housing and assist elderly in their own homes. The challenge is to plan neighborhoods that support elderly in their daily lite.

Theme lnclusion and participation are important factors for lite satisfaction. Planning of housing and neighborhoods can enhance social and functional capacities of persons who live in their own homes at very old age with physical or sensory impairment. Demographic development and demand for equal rights for persons with disabilities challenge urban planning in terms of accessibility of services.

Aim The paper is based on research activities on several projects conducted in Sotera lnstitute, Aalto University. The aim is to assess daily living environment, housing and access to services from the viewpoint of elderly residents in urban environment. The research question is how planning of built environment promote independent living?

Methods Housing and living environment as well as resident's experiences have been studied with qualitative user-oriented methods. Elderly residents living in their own homes or in sheltered housing have been involved through workshops and walking tours in the neighborhood. Knowledge about immediate surroundings, use of local services and public transport has been collected through questionnaires targeted to residents over 65 years.

Findings Walkable neighborhood and public transportation support independence and use of local services daily. Health services and activities for elderly have to be easily accessible. Collaboration between public, private and third sector locally offers possibilities for multiuse of spaces for various resident groups. The importance of immediate surroundings increase at old age.

Conclusion The elderly residents are active members in their neighborhood. Integral planning of housing, services and transportation enhance self-contained lite. Effective use of resources and spaces enhance multigenerational encounters and prevent age segregation.

Keywords: elderly, neighborhood, accessibility, services

ABSTRACT

for

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium 2016 in Stockholm

NN

Keywords: Urban history, Printing, Public sphere, Nineteenth century, Norway, Christiania

(Oslo)

Title: XFrom the early nineteenth century, a national public sphere was beginning to develop in

Norway. One of the most important features in this development was the proliferation of

printed books, newspapers and periodicals. From the l 830s, printers' shops, publishers,

bookstores and libraries were increasingly becoming an important part of the political and

cultural life the Norwegian capita! as well as becoming a prominent feature of the physical

appearance of the city.

I argue that considering the specific places where print was sold and produced and

their place in the urban topography provides us with a tangible understanding of the

development of the public sphere in the nineteenth century. The public sphere often thought

of as an abstract entity that suddenly appears sometime in the late-eighteenth or early

nineteenth century. My aim is to place this public sphere back into its specific urban

contexts, by producing a topography of print for nineteenth-century Christiania. Where were

printers, publishers and booksellers located in relation to political, cultural, and economic

institutions? Which parts ofthe city produced what kinds of print? Can we find relations

with

developments in the city and the location of printers, booksellers and publishers, and what did

these places actually look like?

Using tax reports and address books, I map printers and booksellers in the city from

the 1830s to about 1870. To get a sense of the places were print was produced and sold, I use

what is available. Scattered accounts and histories of printers and booksellers, in addition to

diary accounts, letters and travelogues can provide us not only with a more tangible

understanding of the development of an urban public sphere, but also new ways of seeing

urban life in nineteenth-century Christiania.

Author: NN

Title: X

What kind of urban places are needed in ethnically segregated housing areas to strengthen immigrants'

integration in a new society? How could immigrants' participation in city planning be increased in order to

find this out? Immigrant women living in Suvela housing area show us the way in this feminist and

ethnographic case study of participatory action research. The focus of the study is in two phenomena: the

interactive relationship between immigrants and city planning and immigrants and the built environment.

Perceptions, interpretations and activities in both of them are studied through different qualitative and/or

participatory research methods. The research process is thus both a city planning process and a learning

and integration processat the same time. The paper shows how multiculturalism in these housing areas

should be seen as a strength instead of a weakness. This requires that city planners get on their feet and

dive in the life spheres of the people they plan for and that the immigrants mobilize themselves so that

their hidden knowledge gets heard in the democratic process of city planning. In this reciprocal

communication process emphasis should be laid on different visualization techniques rather than verbal

ones because of language barriers. Both immigrants' own culture and the phase of integration process they

are in affects the way immigrants see their environment and comprehend their needs. Even though there

isa vast heterogeneity among immigrant women, their ability to think empathically on behalf of other

inhabitant groups seems to be the same across cultures as well as the necessity to boost their self-esteem

through recognizing their abilities. It is what we have in common -shared wishes for e.g. active meeting

places, easy and safe access to these and beautiful greenery, colorful buildings and general tidiness around

us -that successful integration can be built on.

Keywords: participatory action research, feminist city planning, multicultural housing areas, immigrant

women, hidden knowledge, communication methods, empowerment, integration

Sub title: X

Immigrant Women as a Microscope

In Search for Altering City Planning Practises

From Unwanted Development to Political Agenda

From the Office to the Field

From Scattered Bystanders to Organized Actors

Minimizing Verbal Communication

The lmpact of Integration Process

Thinking through the Needs of Others

Building Common Ground

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium 2016

NN

Title: X

This article discusses issues concerning researches role in an urban development case study. It is

based on an ongoing PhD research project which investigates the questions ot urban housing

design in multicultural neighbourhoods. The original aim was to investigate different spatial

typologies from the perspectives ot cultural diversity and encounters in a suburban environment.

Soon it turned out that the question ot which actually are the essential spatial questions for

multicultural neighbourhoods required an hermeneutic approach aiming to form understanding ot

the context. Observing an ongoing suburban development case gave an opportunity to gain an

insight on the different planning and design potentials and restrictions on the area, and also on the

spatial issues concerning the neighbourhoods social lite. Du ring the observation period the role ot

an observer has however become challenged due to ethical reasons. Dealing with a

neighbourhood that is struggling with a cycle ot social exclusion and physical decay in urban

environment makes the insistence on an observer role problematic. An understanding ot the local

situation places the researcher in a role ot an expert, whose opinions could have an influence on

the case, and who is also presumed to act according to the expertise. On the other hand the

situation with researchers shitting role from observer to acting party on the process challenges the

objectivity ot the research. But since the original aim was to focus on future potentials rather than

pointing out problems in current practices, the role sitt could appropriately facilitate an Research­

by-Design phase grounded on the knowledge acquired in previous phases.

keywords: Research-by-Design; design ethnography; design activism; role ot the researcher

Title: X

NN

Keywords: timber construction, political ecology, tectonics, wood materials,

metabolism, material practise, experiments, material turn

The paper will be a part of an industrial PhD project, which started in August

2015. The project can be divided into three intertwined legs: a theoretical

academic study, an investigation of the industry and a physical model study. In

the project I will conduct a series of experiments - a range of material

practices. The chosen theory will critically address the concepts and

understandings intrinsic to those practices.

Wood has undergone a conceptual slide from being solely a raw (little

processed) material into also being a designed building material including a

range of materials from raw materials, to artificial produced composites, and

timber constructions have gone from being only lightweight constructions in

small building structures into also being solid constructions in large multi­

storey structures. In humanities they talk about a 'material turn'

The paper will investigate material translations as a theoretical discourse and

juxtapose different concepts e.g.: metabolism (Gottfried Semper), political

ecology (Jane Bennett) and material turn (Bruno Latour).

The aim is to consider recent developments in architecture from a historical

perspective.

A confrontation with Gottfried Semper metabolic theory provides the

methodological tools with which the more recent theories can be studied. This

will create a theoretical foundation for the research of materials.

The theory of metabolism is concerned with the active role of materials.

Jane Bennett writes about the vitality of matter and the lively powers of

material formations. Her political project of is, to encourage more intelligent

and sustainable engagements with vibrant matter and lively things. This

describes what Bennett ca Ils a political ecology of things. (Bennett, 2010)

Abstract for The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium:

The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by Ph.D. Research in the Nordic Countries

Title: X

Keywords: digital fabrication; materials; experiments; experience; virtual; actual; control; uncertainty; research

by design,

The Ph.D. project Bespoke Fragments seeks to explore and utilise the space emerging between the potentials of

digital drawing and fabrication and the field of materials and their properties and capacities. Within this span,

the project is situated in a shuttling between the virtual and the actual, investigating levels of control and

uncertainty originating from these.

Through tangible experiments, the project discusses materiality and digitally controlled

fabrications tools as direct expansions of the architect's digital drawing and workflow. The project sees this

expansion as an opportun ity to connect the digital environment with the reality of materials - and use

realisation and materialisation to generate architectural developments and findings through an iterative mode of

thinking about the dialogue between drawing, materials and fabrication.

The control offabrication tools through digital drawing opens up a new approach to materials in

an architectural context. The knowledge and intention of the drawing become specialised through the

understanding of the fabrication processes and their effect on materials. When drawing embeds not form, but

capacity, into the material through fabrication, the emergence of virtual space is no longer limited to the

computer's digital world, but extends into the materials' world. Creation and uncertainty are allowed as virtual

parameters in both digital ity and reality. Based on this notion the project suggests utilising that exact potential

to develop architectural designs, tectonics and aesthetics.

In this Ph.D. project a series a physical, but conceptual, experiment plays the central role in the knowledge

production. The experiments result in materialised architectural fragments and tangible experiences. However,

these creations also become the driving forces to discuss, link and develop theoretical understanding around the

project's intention and production. In the following paper, the intention is to discuss this experiment and

experience-driven knowledge production from within the perspective ofthe Ph.D. project itself.

NN

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium 2016, Stockholm

- The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by PhD Research in the Nordic Countries -

(Research in Architectural theory and history)

Title: X

Keyword:

• Arkitekturutdannelse

• Akademi

• Polytekniske skoler

• Tegneskolen i Christiania (Oslo)

Tegneskolen i Christiania (Oslo) ble opprettet 1818, og inngår i dag i Kunsth@yskolen

i Oslo (KHJO). Ved Tegneskolens grunnleggelse var det 0nske om at skolen skulle bli

et norsk kunstakademi etter europeisk modell, en norsk skole for utdannelse av

håndverkere, kunstnere og arkitekter. Skolen er å regne som den forste arkitekturskole

i Norge, og er også forl0peren til dagens Arkitektur- og designhoyskolen i Oslo.

Tegneskolen ble aldri et fullverdig akademi, men var likevel det estetiske sentrum i

Norge på 1800-tallet. Skolen var også eneste tilbud om arkitekturutdannelse i Norge,

fram til Norges Tekniske Hogskole startet kurs for arkitekter i 1911. Nrer alle norske

arkitekter utdannet på 1800-tallet var i perioder elever ved Tegneskolen i Christiania,

enten som en fullverdig arkitekturutdannelse, eller som en förskole for elevene dro til

de tyske polytekniske skoler eller til Kungliga tekniske Högskolan i Stockholm for

avsluttende studier.

Norge hadde fått selvstendighet fra Danmark med egen grunnlov i 1814. Christiania

ble da valgt som landets hovedstad, og oppgavene for norske arkitekter 0kte

betydelig. Etter å ha fått hovedstadstatus skulle offentlige bygninger, som Norges

Bank, Universitet, Slottet og Stortinget oppfores. Byen stod også foran en formidabel

vekst både i innbyggertall og omfang, der industrialiseringen var en viktig

premissleverand0r. Dette forte med seg et stort marked for leiegårdsbyggeri.

Tradisjonelt var utdannelsen av arkitekter tillagt kunstakademiene. Fra slutten av

1700- og ut på 1800-tallet ble de polytekniske skoter opprettet, med Frankrike og

Tyskland i färingen, for å utdanne ingeni0rer og arkitekter for det moderne samfunn.

Det oppstod to former for utdannelse av arkitekter, der de polytekniske skoler skilte

seg fra kunstakademiene med st0rre grad av opplrering i moderne teknologi.

Bidraget s0ker å presentere utviklingen av arkitekturutdannelsen i Europa på 1800-

tallet. Den vit videre diskutere Tegneskolens arkitekturutdannelse i en europeisk

konteksten med kunstakademiene og de polytekniske skoler som referanseramme.

Avslutningsvis vil sentrale funn fra arbeidet presenteres. Dette vil vrere konsentrert

om forskningssp0rsmål som: hvilke idealer ble hentet inn fra de europeiske

utdannelsesinstitusjonene og benyttet i undervisningen ved Tegneskolen? Hvilken

betydning fikk Tegneskolen for utviklingen av norsk arkitektur på 1800-tallet?

NN

1/ I

Title: X

NN

Om: Essays, formater, publicering, metoder, landdistrikter, landsbyer og

yderområder.

Jeg fik noget af en forskra::kkelse, da jeg på mit förste videnskabsteoretiske

ph.d.-kursus blev introduceret for videnskabelige metoder. Uddannet på

KADK og indskrevet som ph.d.-studerende ved samme institution virkede

kl0ften mellem de metodiske tilgange i uddannelsen og forskningsmilj0et

uendeligt dyb. Frem for at lade intuitionen styre processen skulle den nu

planla::gges og frem for at indskrive personlighed i produktet skulle <ler

efterstra::bes objektivitet.

Forskningen på KADK beva::ger sig aktuell mod en praksis, <ler kendes fra

de universiteterne. Udviklingen skyldes bla. 0nsket om mere systematisk

videnudvikling og krav om kvantificering af resultaterne. Det sidste udm0nter

sig i vedholdende opfordringer fra forskningsledelsen om at publicere i

fagfa::llebed0111te tiddskrifter på Den Bibliometriske Forskningsindikators

autoritetsliste. En potentiel negativ konsekvens af udviklingen er, at

forskningen indtager en fonn som isolerer den i smalle medier og spalter

den fra de kanaler, der la::ses af fagets byggende ud0vere.

Tidligere arkitekturforskere har formået at navigere i terra::net mellem

akademisk praksis, den brede arkitektstand og sågar en interesseret

offentlighed. I dansk sammenha::ng kan na::vnes Steen Eiler Rasmussen og Jan

Gehl, mens J. B. Jackson er et fremtra::dende interntationalt eksempel. Fa::lles

for disse akt0rer er, at de g0r brug af en essayistisk fonn, som i den aktuelle

udvikling risikerer at blive ekskluderet af forskningstidsskrifternes stringente

forma ter.

'Prolog' introducerer til et ph.d.-projekt om arkitektoniske kvaliteter i danske

landdiskstrikter og historiske landsbyer, <ler opbygges som en serie af essays.

Foruden en pra::sentation af projektets genstand og forskningssp0rgsmål

indeholder det en reflekteret gennemgang af potentialer, udfordringer og

faldgruber for essayfonnen. Med paperet 0nskes det at generobre et terra::n

mellem forskning og praksis, som atfolkes i den aktuelle udvikling. Ved

at stil le den personlige erfaring i front etableres et narrativ <ler g0r teksten

na::rva::rende og ved at insistere på et element af foreslagsstillese forankres

arkitekturforskningen i den arkitektoniske praksis.

I essayet argumenterer jeg for, at essayskrivningen kan indeholde en åbning

mod en intuitiv metodisk fremgangsmåde i lighed med den tegnede skitse.

At teksten ikke blot er kommunikation, men en selvsta::ndig arbejdsmetode

hvor resultaterne opstår i den reflekterede skrivning. Afslutningsvis

diskuteres hvilke potentialer formatet rummer i forhold til at opnå udbredelse

relevante foglige milj0er.

Title: X

#memory #architecture as metaphor

#knowledge production/representation #Giulio Camillo 's Memory Theatre

Abstract

NN

Traditionally architecture is read as an expression of its times' cultural identity. Another type of reading understands buildings as an extension of the human body and analyses their phenomenological aspects. Comparatively little probing has been done however, into architecture and its conception as a manifestation of thought processes, linking the profession directly to knowledge production. In order to access the potential of studying architecture as a reflection of the human mental faculties, this paper analyses Giulio Camillo's Theatre of Memory (ca 1500-1544). This predominantly imagined, unbuilt structure is reminiscent ofthe Vitruvius' description of the Roman theatre: a semi­circular structure framed by seven ranks. In Camillo's adaptation, each level features seven gates richly decorated with allusive imagery, based on a complex intellectual system that draws from mysticism, mythology and philosophy. From the stage, one is able to absorb all the world's knowledge, that is implied in the exhibited images and spatial hierarchy. The interaction with this structure allows the viewer, in Camillo's reasoning, a metaphorical, elevated view-point which, as in a forest or labyrinth, offers comprehension, clarity and liberation from the confusion experienced below. The paper draws parallels to the writings of Giordano Bruno and the contemporaneous reception of the Ars Memorativa, a practise dating back to ancient Greek rhetoric. Architectural mnemotechnics are said to have been invented by the Greek poet Simonides, who defined spatial and temporal sequence as the prerequisites for memory. Their interplay is manifest in Camillo's theatre, as it attempts to condense all knowledge accumulated in historical time in a minimized spatial array. The Teatro Olimpico (1580-1585) by Palladio and Scamozzi, is examined as a built structure that exemplifies some of the Memory Theatre's architectural qualities. The paper thus describes Camillo's Theatre as a three-dimensional visualisation of the mental faculty of memory, the description of which has evolved throughout history but has generally retained a spatial dimension.

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium 2016 Abstract

NN

Title: X

Key words; Dwelling, lnterior Architecture, Interiority, Exteriority, Scandinavia.

The aim of this paper is to undertake a critical analysis of the ideological separation between exteriority and interiority within the contemporary dwelling interior. The domestic interior has great significance given its universality and the intimate relationship that it has to its inhabitants. Despite the importance of this built environment, the discourse on interior architecture has largely been reduced to 'disposable furniture' and temporal interior surface decoration based upon changing fashions.

There currently exists an ideologicat separation between exteriority and interiority within the respective disciplines of architecture and interior design. Architectural discussion has shifted focus to the exterior envetope of our dwellings often negtecting any criticat debate about the spatial qualities of the interior. The contemporary dwelling interior has largely been reduced toa sterile white box envelope that is then decorated with cosmetic surface treatments and consumer products. t posit the question as to how this ideological separation between interiority and exteriority emerged and what have been the consequences of this on the contemporary dwelling interior?

The framework for this will be a historical analysis of the dwelling interior with a particular focus on the effect of functionalist modernism and the separation between the disciplines of architecture and interior design. I will undertake empirical research on the contemporary dwelling interior within Scandinavia and in particular the rote of the architect within this process. I will utitise a phenomenotogicat framework as a point of departure for the project.

It is hoped that the resutt of this paper will be to starta criticat debate on the quality of our dwelling interiors from an architecturat perspective. t atso hope to achieve a greater understanding of the current retationship between the rote of the architect and the contemporary dwelling interior within a Scandinavian context.

Title: X

Jag skriver utifrån mitt forskningsprojekt som placerar mig inom arkitekturhistoria. Det är ett ämne som inte har någon självklar hemvist på arkitekturskolorna. Dess närvaro har, alltsedan det skildes ut från arkitekturämnet på KTH 1905, varit ifrågasatt från och till. Min betraktelse över arkitekturforskningens uppkomst är färgad av min studie av paradigmskiftet vid tiden kring den svenska arkitektutbildningens omstöpning i och med grundandet av Tekniska högskolan 1877. Arkitektprofessionen formerades i Sverige vid 1800-talets slut. Samhället trädde in och krävde större tekniska kunskaper av arkitekterna för att kunna möta byggnadsutmaningarna som industrialiseringen medförde. Professionaliseringen av byggnadsväsendet skedde samtidigt. Från att i det agrara samhället varit norm blev självbyggandet undantag när arbetsdelningen slog igenom. Formbildningen som i det traditionella samhället varit okomplicerad blev i specialistsamhället problematisk. Arkitektens tidiga roll som den upplyste aristokratiske beställarens företrädare gick inte att översätta till den moderna ekonomiska samhällsorganisationen. Den kapitalistiska ekonomins spekulationsbyggande medförde ett växande avstånd mellan arkitekt och brukare. Den demografiska utvecklingen gjorde att bostaden snart blev den helt dominerande byggnadsuppgiften för arkitekterna. Konstnärliga frågor kring representativitet och uttryck av idemässiga innehåll trängdes undan av funktionshänsyn som formgivningskriterium. Nya kunskaper måste produceras för att lösa konfektions byggandet, stora problem måste nedbrytas i hanterbara delar. Kvantifieringen av sociala beteendemönster i form av boendeutredningar blev den första moderna arkitekturforskningen. Det kunde skyla över förlusten av en professionell kunskapsbas hjälpligt tills bakslaget på 60-och 70-talen. Det stod klart att det som producerats var alltför generella kunskaper. I arkitekturforskningen gjordes försök att införa teorier och metoder från sociologin, filosofin, psykologin, kulturgeografin, socialantropologin, semiotiken etc. för att återupprätta ett yrkeskunnande eller i alla fall utveckla teorier kring samspelet mellan människan och arkitekturen. En förståelse för den meningsskapande arkitekturens och stadsbyggnadens villkor i sin speciella kontext. På sätt och vis betecknar arkitekturforskningen en ständigt pågående kris för arkitekturen alltsedan förra sekelskiftet.

Nyckelord: arkitekturforskning, arkitekturhistoria, profession, kris

NN

Title: X

Author: NN

Abstract

The last few decades have shown a tendency in the profession of architecture to take a more responsible

attitude towards the least privileged communities. A new search for ways of addressing the needs of

underserved members of the society has arisen, while pre and post disaster action plans are being considered

to greater extent. The tendency is reflected in university education: more programs are initiated, where

students of architecture and related disciplines are being exposed to foreign cultures in the developing world.

This paper discusses the pedagogic entities in humanitarian architecture education, which aim at enhancing

the development of communities, and promoting understanding of cultural locality as the determining factor

of architectural design. Taking students out of their own cultural context, to an environment where the

technology and resource abundance no longer dictates, is an important experience. Not only is it a lesson in

sustainable design and construction, but in humanity and cultural awareness.

Cultural encounters are a vital and challenging part of university education, and require specific pedagogical

approaches. Although adequate background information and orientation studies are required, these encounters

are not learned in lecture halls, but through experience. They provide the students a possibility for developing

their own qualities and attributes, to tolerate the uncertainty in the processes and the practices of their

discipline when working in various cultural contexts.

The World in Transition courses at Aalto University as a reference point, this paper compares the teaching

methods and approaches of other sim ilar educational entities in the academic world that aim at community

development through participation and direct student engagement in different social and cultural contexts.

Examp\es of the different approaches to humanitarian architecture education are discussed, to enlighten how

the students are prepared to meet the challenges of a multicultural world.

Keywords: humanitarian architecture, university pedagogy, architectural education, community engagement

ABSTRACT

THE PRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE IN ARCHITECTURE BY PHD RESEARCH IN THE NORDIC CONTRIES

Title: X

NN

There is an urgent need fora more holistic and human oriented focus when renovating existing housing. A new focus towards a more genuine understanding of the importants of people's health and well-being, living indoor, inevitably goes through the design and processing of the building skin. How to guide daylight, quality-wise and quantity­wise to the benefit of people isa central question. Evolutionary people belong to nature, attuned to the sun via the circadian rhythm, and we are meant to be exposed to daylight far more extensively than today. However, since we are living most of our time indoor, we need to find new ways to receive and harvest natural light. By combining empirical analysis of significant window and fa'1ade solutions in the history of European architecture and newest philosophical writings, the paper will look into various potentials, and try to define theses for future scenarios. Following questions are in focus: To what extend can a smarter use of glass create better living conditions in existing housing? What does transparency imply -simplicity or complexity? Are present references, practices and vocabulary incomplete? Can the fa'1ade be regarded as a double faced, multifaceted surface, with the capacity to receive from nature and give in return to inhabitants and to the city. Consequently, creating a new culture? Can glass become the most vital material in renovation of existing buildings, replacing traditional insulation materials? Can indoor and outdoor be inseparabla twins, aiming for the best liveability factors in both places?

Keywords

Awareness Daylight Transformation Building skin Potential Well-being

Title: X

Author: NN

·

Keywords: Indoor environment, design parameter, everyday practices, qualitative methods.

Problems with damp and mold in our houses can be caused by constructional conditions ar the use of a

building. It is often a combination af the two and it is essentially the interaction between the house and its

users, that determines whether it is healthy or not. However, design parameters for indoor environment, in

Danish mast often referred ta as indeklima-parameters, are mainly quantitative measures concerning the

building performance and do not cover the behavioral issues very well. The project is generated on the

background af observations of problems regarding damp and mold in Danish homes, and investigates the

enactment af indoor environment by different actors. These phenomena are perceived and enacted in quite different ways by different actors, and can be seen as different objects ta the same body. This calls for a

multiple approach to data, engaging with the participants in their everyday practices, but also being

perceptive to the non-material, the artifacts and inscriptions that are af great significance to the everyday

practices. Findings are primary based an a field study including interviews with residents, operating staff,

and representatives from the housing departments af seven social housing apartments undergoing a

refurbishment. Interviews are conducted in their homes and the conversation was revolving around the

perception of indoor environment and the everyday practices related ta the issue.

The paper explores the interaction af human and non-human actors in creating and maintaining a healthy

home, but it also reflects upon the different methods applied to capture the practices and interaction. Some

af the interviews included a walk through in the apartments where the occupant demonstrates his/her

everyday practices, handling windows, ventilation systems, drying facilities and other appliances and

technologies. The objective by contributing ta the understanding af the indoor environment enacted is ta

inform and prepare future design.

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium 2016 in

Stockholm:

The Production of Knowledge in Architecture by PhD Research in the Nordic

Countries (architectural design)

Author:

NN

Title: X

Abstract

In the context of increasing focus on buildings' environmental impact, this

thesis seeks to formulate quality criteria as a tool for their design phase, with

the aim to reintroduce low-rise high-density prefabricated timber architecture

as a sustainable housing typology to Norwegian cities.

Globally, the building sector uses 40% of all energy and stands for 30% of all

climate gas emission. As operational energy efficiency of buildings improves,

embodied energy gains more relevance. Replacing non-wood building materials

with wooden products reduces green house gas emissions. Despite its timber

construction history, Norway banned timber from its city centres as a reaction

to severe fire incidents in the 1900s. With new production technologies and

building laws, a revival of urban timber architecture is possible. Among

Scandinavian cities expecting huge growth within the coming decades, Oslo's

strategy to meet these challenges in a sustainable way is to densify within

existing urban structures and along existing infrastructure. Low-rise high­

density residential buildings form a big percentage of potential new buildings,

also in mid-size cities in Norway. Timber scores again with technical aspects,

and prefabrication options increasing independency from weather conditions,

predictability of costs, and quality assurance, in addition to enabling a more

resilient conception of buildings.

Involving "peer reviewed" design for a theoretical project under realistic

conditions, practice relevant academic knowledge will be gained:

A set of quality criteria resulting from the study of literature, built projects,

competition briefs and entries, will be developed further into a competition

brief, together with a real client (OBOS). This forms a starting point for students'

projects during a master's course, and for own design as part of the thesis. The

design work will be peer reviewed by both an expert jury and building

authorities (forhåndskonferanse). Criteria undergo analysis and iteration.

Results serve as a feasibility study and exhibition material.

Keywords

Urban sustainability, timber architecture, low-rise high-density, quality criteria, design research, practice related research, research exhibition

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research Symposium 2016

Stockholm, Sweden

The Nordic Association of Architectural Research tillQ://arkitekturforskning. net/na The School of Architecture at KTH https://www.arch.kth.se

naf-conference@a rch. kth. se

ABSTRACT

Title: X

NN

Architectural tradition offers methodologies to evaluate built structures based on characteristics like

build quality, engineering performance, functionality, spatial design, and effects on the living

environment. However, the complexity of building and regulatory requirements constantly

increases. Concurrently, the construction industry is progressively moving from designing and

building new to redesigning, upgrading and maintaining existing buildings.

In addition to architectural quality building refurbishments target structural. energetic, economic,

environmental and social improvements. A qualitative building assessment based on architecture

alone does not provide a sufficient framework to reflect the aims of such processes, and a holistic

means to analyze building refurbishment designs is lacking. This paper suggests a set of

evaluation criteria for such interventions. The proposal is demonstrated by assessing and

comparing realized building refurbishment projects including measures on the facade.

The study is part of doctoral thesis work exploring the potential for building retrofits employing

timber-based element systems, TES EnergyFacade, in Finland. Future development should

include further cases and multi-disciplinary research.

Keywords: Architectural assessment, build quality, building refurbishment, TES EnergyFacade

Reviewers The abstracts have been peer reviewed by the following senior researchers: • Dr. Jonas E. Andersson, The Swedish Agency for Participation + The Nordic

Association of Architectural Research • Dr. Lars Brorson Fich, Department of Architecture and Media Technology; Aalborg

University + The Nordic Association of Architectural Research • Professor Elin Børrud, Norwegian University of Life Sciences + The Nordic

Association of Architectural Research • Dr. Lisbet Harboe, Institute of Urbanism and Landscape, AHO + The Nordic Association of

Architectural Research • Dr. Anders Larsson, SLU/ Dept of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management,

Alnarp + The Nordic Association of Architectural Research • Associate Professor Henrik Reeh, Department of Arts and Cultural Studies, Copenhagen

University + The Nordic Association of Architectural Research • Associate Professor Pirjo Sanaksenaho, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Aalto

University + The Nordic Association of Architectural Research • Dr. Inger Lise Syversen, Chalmers-Architecture + The Nordic Association of Architectural

Research • Dr. Anni Vartola, Aalto University + The Nordic Association of Architectural Research