NAChR and signal transduction Neuromuscular junction and nervous system Central nervous system ACh.
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Transcript of NAChR and signal transduction Neuromuscular junction and nervous system Central nervous system ACh.
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nAChR and signal transduction
Neuromuscular junction and nervous system
Central nervous system
ACh
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SSActivation
(ms)
Desensibilisation(s-min)
B A
D
ACh
100 pA
2 s
B A
A D
A BD B
Function of nAChRs
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The « cys-loop » receptor superfamily
GABAA
GABAC
Glycine
5HT3A,BnAChR
Anionic
Cationic
AChBP (2001)
Bacterial (2005)
putative homologs
No channel
Na+
ACh
C C C C
AChBP
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Functions as apH-activated ion channel
pH 5
1s
1nA
Open
Closed
1
4500290240
16011697
66
MW
0 10 30 100DSP(M)
2
3
5
Cross-linking
(DSP, M)
1-mer
2-mer
3-mer4-mer5-mer
Displays aPentameric Structure
Bocquet, Prado de Carvalho, Cartaud, Neyton, Le Poupon Taly, Grutter, Changeux, Corringer, Nature, 2007
Prokaryotic origin of « cys-loop » receptors Homolog from the cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus
C C
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
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T T T TM M M MECD
T T T TM M M MECDPBP
TM
TM
cacheMCPT T T TM M M MECD
T T TM M MECD cytoplasm
TM
family 1
family 2
family 4
family 2,3,4(Cyhu)
family 1,2
family 1,3,4
Natural history of « cys-loop » receptors
family 3
family 4
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Miyazawa et al. (2003) Nature 423, 949-955
Brejc et al. (2001) Nature 411, 269-276
AChBP
2.7 Å
Torpedo
4.0 Å
Structure of « cys-loop » receptors
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La superfamille à « cys-loop »
4
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GABA-A
GABA-C
Gly
nACh
5-HT3
A,B
Cationic Anionic
Nicotine:AddictionNeuroprotectionParkinsonAnalgesiacognition
Barbituratesbenzodiazepines:AnxiolyticsAnesthetics
Superfamily of « cys-loop » receptors
General AnestheticsEthanol
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Éléménts de pharmacologie clinique des récepteurs cys-loop:
1- le récepteur nicotinique de la jonction neuro-musculaire et lesSyndromes myasthéniques congénitaux
2- les récepteurs nicotiniques centraux et la dépendance à la nicotine
3- les récepteurs GABAA centraux et l’action de benzodiazépines
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1- Le récepteur nicotinique de la jonction neuro-musculaire et les
Syndromes myasthéniques congénitaux
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR)at the neuromuscular junction
ACh
Na+
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Agonistes
Agonistespartiels
Antagonistescompétitifs
Bloquantsnon-compétitifs
acétylcholine(ACh)
Curare
Chlorpromazine
nicotine
Pharmacologie du nAChR musculaire
alpha-toxines
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la jonction neuro-musculaire
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La jonction neuro-musculaire par microscopie electronique
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acetylcholine axis of quasi-symmetry
cleft
cytoplasm
synaptic
high affinity site for non-competitive blockers
NH2
M1 M2 M3 M4
Le récepteur de la jonction neuro-musculaire
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Syndromes myasthéniques« Perte d’expression »
Récessif
nAChRfétal
nAChRadulte
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Procédure expérimentale
Culture +/- nicotine Marquage
[35S]-méthionine
Chasse Milieu froid
Solubilisation
Immunoprécipitation
Biosynthèse et maturation des nAChRs de Torpille
Marquage métabolique méthionine 35S
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Biosynthèse et maturation des nAChRs de Torpille
Marquage métabolique méthionine 35S immunoprécipitation anti
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Quantification des intermédiaires de biosynthèse
immunoprécipitation anti
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Le modèle séquenciel d’assemblage du nAChR de Torpille
Green and Claudio, 1993
5 minutes
sensible au triton
sensible au triton
5 heures24 heures
résistant au triton
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Syndromes myasthéniques « Fast-channel »
MEPC: miniature endplate potential
Récessif, traitement inhibiteurs de la choline-estérase
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La jonction neuro-musculaire « Fast-channel »
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Syndromes myasthéniques « Slow-channel » Dominant, traitement: Quinidine
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La jonction neuro-musculaire « Slow-channel »
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Le cas du T264P
1M ACh
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Phénotype L pour le mutant T264P
L*10000000
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Reconstitution des évènements unitaires par le modèle MWC (Stoic), à 0,3 M ACh
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Ion conductingpathway
Synapticdomain
Transmembranedomain
membrane
Ion conductingpathway
B A D
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2- les récepteurs nicotiniques centrauxet la dépendance à la nicotine
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QuickTime™ et undécompresseur codec YUV420
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Effects multiples de la nicotine
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ACh
2 s
membrane
100
0
Courant (pA)
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ACh
2 s
membrane
100
0
Courant (pA)
Liaison
Nicotine
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2 s
membrane
100
0
Courant (pA)
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2 s
membrane
100
0
Courant (pA)
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2 s
membrane
100
0
Courant (pA)
Na+
K+
Activation50 s
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2 s
membrane
100
0
Courant (pA)
Désensibilisation10ms-min
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membrane
Réticulumendoplasmique
Nicotine chroniqueHeures-jours
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Augmentation ou« up-régulation »
Heures-jours
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Diversité des nAChRs
Homomeric
Heteromeric
Muscle-type
CNS
1s
ACh
ACh
ACh
EC50(ACh) 115M EC50(Nic) 10 M
EC50(ACh) 0.7M EC50(Nic) 1.0 M
EC50(ACh) 14M
Faiblement up-regulés
Hautement up-régulés
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Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Striatum
Olfactorybulb
CortexHippocampus
MedialHabenula
LocusCoeruleus
Spinal Cord
Raphe Nuclei
Substantia NigraVentral Tegmental area
Interpeduncularnucleus
Cerebellum
Modified from Gotti et al, TIPS 2006
Distribution régionale des nAChRS dans le cerveau
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souris knock-out 2 et dépendance à la nicotine
50 mV10 s
2+/+
2-/-
Nicotine 0,5 M
20 pA
10 s
Nic 100 M
2+/+ 2-/-
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QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (non compressé)
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souris knock-out 2 et planification du comportement
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The reward pathway for nicotine addiction
Maskos et al, Nature 2005
Lentiviral re-expressionof
Dopaminergic neurons (VTA)
WT2 KO2VTA
Injection stéréotaxiquede lentivirus re-exprimant
la sous-unité
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QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (LZW)
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QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (LZW)
sont requis pour visionner cette image.
Nic
otin
e el
icit
eddo
pam
ine
rele
ase
WT 2KO 2VTA
WT2KO2VTA
La ré-expression de 2 dans la VTA restore la libération de dopamine et l’autoadministration à la nicotine
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Role of nAChR molecular properties in brain signaling?
Role of ACh affinity & desensitizationin brain signaling and nicotine action?
SSB
D
A
cholinergicinter
Pedoculo pontainPPTg
VTANAcc
Role of up-regulation in chronic nicotine action?
Time (h)0 250
40
Nic
otin
e (n
g/m
l)
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From Jensen et al, J. Med. Chem, 2005
Pathologies liées aux nAChRs
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Cellular and molecular dissection of the mechanism of up-regulation
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Perry et al. , JPET 1999.
Prefrontal cortex Temporal cortex
Up-régulation des nAChRsUp-régulation des nAChRspar la nicotine chronique chez le fumeurpar la nicotine chronique chez le fumeur
liaison deliaison de 3 3H-nicotineH-nicotine
FumeurFumeur
Non-fumeurNon-fumeur
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E.R.
Protéasome
Golgi
Surface
Nucleus
Up-regulation du nAChR Up-regulation du nAChR human dans HEK293 human dans HEK293Epibatidine binding
0
104
0 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3
[Nicotine] (M)
Electrophysiologie
0 10-6 10-3
[Nicotine] (M)
ACh 30mM
ACh 1mM
N
N
?
Nicotine
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Biosynthèse et traffic des récepteurs Biosynthèse et traffic des récepteurs
Chasse (heure)
Marquage métaboliqueAnti-2 mAb290 immunoprecipitation
0 0.7 1.5 3 9 24
espècesHigh-mannose
End
o-H
PN
Gas
e-F
espècesComplexes
End
o-H
PN
Gas
e-F
E.R.
Golgi
Surface
Nucleus
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La nicotine: un facilitateur maturationnel des nAChRsSallette et al, Neuron 2005, Corringer et al, J. Physiol 2006
Pulse Chase
Chasse (h)
0 0,75 1,5 3 9 24
+ Nicotine
N
N
E.R.
Proteasome
Golgi
Surface
Nucleus
Nicotine
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B C D E
37 11564 90 106
FA
1 2 3 1 2
1Up-
regu
latio
n ra
tio
5
NH2
HOOC
Nicotine - + - +
[3 H]E
piba
tidi
neB
indi
ng
100
i j
Nicotine
i j
Un microdomaine critiqueUn microdomaine critiquePour l’up-régulation des nAChRsPour l’up-régulation des nAChRs
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AChNicotine
SSActivation(ms)
Desensibilisation(s-min)
B A
D
“Up-régulation”(heures-jours)
Nicotinechronique
Na+
K+
60Å
ACh40Å
70Å
100
Å
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3- les récepteurs GABAA centrauxet l’action de benzodiazépines
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Les effecteurs allostériquesdes récepteurs GABAA
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effecteurs allostériques positifs et négatifs
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GABA
GABA
benzo
GABA flunitrazepan muscinol
Site des benzodiazépines
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GABA benzoA,B,C
D,E,F A,B,C
D,E,F
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Explorations fonctionnellespar génétique chez la souris
KO= knock-out (délétion)
KI= Knock-in (mutation) loopA, insensible au diazepam
3: N265M, insensible aux anesthésiques généraux
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Institut Pasteur
Pierre Benoit
Nicolas Bocquet
Sébastien Bohler
Jean-Pierre Changeux
Isabelle Cloëz-Tayarani
Anne Devillers-Thiéry
Naïla Even
Régis Grailhe
Thomas Grutter
Nicolas Le Novère
Chantal Le Poupon
Stéphanie Pons
Lia Prado de Carvalho
Jérome Sallette
Martine Soudant
Antoine Taly
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie ENSLaboratoire de Neurobiologie ENSJacques Neyton
Biologie Cellulaire des MembranesBiologie Cellulaire des MembranesInstitut Jacques MonodInstitut Jacques Monod
Jean Cartaud
RemerciementsRemerciements