N4 Industrial Electronics

7/23/2019 N4 Industrial Electronics

1/370


2/370


3/370

E4Ned|}tpngc Lclmtpbenm}

Clgpelp @bbh

Ofee Ha

NEd|}tpNgc LcLmtpbENm}


4/370

Z|`cn}fld `~

A|t|pl Igegklp} &Zt~. Ctd

ZB @bv 7=7>4# Ib{`pg~# ;;:

Mfgztlp 4 ]lpnl} PCM)elt{bph} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%47

Mfgztlp < Zgpgcclc PCM)elt{bph} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1>

Mfgztlp 1 W)gmtbp# @ged{ndtf ged Mbizclv Ebtgtnbe %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6>

Mfgztlp ; @g}nm Gtbinm Tlbp~ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7:

Mfgztlp 77 ]zlmngc Dnbdl} ged Gzzcnmgtnbe} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%76=

Mfgztlp 70 pge}n}tbp} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%7>>

Mfgztlp 7= Gizcnmgtnbe Mcg}}l}# Mb|zcnek Iltfbd} ged Alld`gmh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0=7

Mfgztlp 74 F~`pnd)Zgpgiltlp} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%04>

Mfgztlp 7< \en)O|emtnbe) ged Anlcd Llmt pge}n}tbp} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%01=

Mfgztlp 71 Zb{lp Mbetpbc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%0;7

Mfgztlp 7; Bzlpgtnbegc Gizcnlp} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%06>

Mfgztlp 76 A|emtnbe Klelpgtbp ged B}mnccb}mbzl %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=:>

Mfgztlp 7> pge}d|mlp}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%==7


6/370

HNPMFFBAA] CG[]nq


7/370

E4 Ned|}tpngc Lclmtpbenm}

clenek bil

Be mbizcltnbe b tfn} ibd|cl ~b| {ncc `l g`cl tb?

Dl}mpn`l |}nek gzzcnmg`cl elt{bph dngkpgi} tfl mbemlzt b Hnpmffb}?

M|pplet Cg{8 ged

Qbctgkl Cg{%

Dl}mpn`l |}nek }|ntg`cl lvzpl}}nbe} ged elt{bph dngkpgi} tfl mbemlzt b?

Qbctgkl dnqn}nbe8 ged

M|pplet dnqn}nbe%

]bcql m|pplet igkent|dl} ne g knqle elt{bph mbetgnenek bel zb{lp }b|pml8

]bcql m|pplet igkent|dl} ne g knqle elt{bph mbetgnenek t{b zb{lp }b|pml}8 ged

]bcql qbctgkl igkent|dl}# zb{lp igkent|dl} ged pl}n}tnql igkent|dl} ne g knqleelt{bph dngkpgi |}nek Bfi} Cg{ g} {lcc g} Hnpmffb} qbctgkl ged m|pplet cg{}%

7%7 Nene

Tl mbemlzt b Hnpmffb} Cg{} n} ebt g el{ mbemlzt }neml ~b| fgql }t|dnld tfl

ibd|cl be Bfi} Cg{ ged tfl `g}n} {g} cgnd tflpl% Nt {b|cd `l tp|l tb }g~ tfgt tfl}l

cg{} &Hnpmffb} Cg{}. fgql g} bpnkne Bfi} Cg{% b| {ncc ed tfgt g} ~b| zpbmlld

{ntf |ptflp elt{bph tflbpli} tfgt gcc tfl tflbpli} fgql g} bpnkne Bfi} Cg{%

7%0 Hnffaa c

7%0%7 Hnffaa mle c &Hmc.

7MFGZTLP

Hnpmffbaa} Cg{}

HNpmFFbAA} cg{}

Dlentnbe 7%7 Hnpmffba } M|pplet Cg{ &HMC.

Hnpmffba} M|pplet Cg{}tgtl} tfgt tfl gckl`pgnm }|i b m|pplet} letlpnek g zbnetncc `l lw gc tb tfl gckl`pgnm } i b tfl m pplet} clg nek tfgt zbnet


8/370

HNPMFFBAA] CG[]0

Ank|pl 7%7&g. ged &`. {ncc ncc|}tpgtl tfn} zpnemnzcl%

n7

n

9 :#4 G

N gizlpl 9 7#0 gizlpl

N6

9 N;

) N4

N7:

9 N

N77

9 N1

( N7:

(N70

9 7#0 ) :#4 9 :#> ) :#4 9 :#; ( :#< ( :#=


9/370


7%0%0 Hnffaa Qkl c &HQc.

Ank|pl 7%0 {ncc ncc|}tpgtl tfn} zpnemnzcl%

P7

P=

P0

Q7

Q=

Q0

Q]

Ank|pl 7%0

Gmmbpdnek tb k|pl 7%0? Q]

9 Q7

( Q0

( Q=

]biltfnek tfgt gc}b elld tb `l gddpl}}ld flpl n} tfgt }fb|cd {l fgql g m|pplet ne tfl

elt{bph {fnmf fgzzle tb `l ne tfl bzzb}ntl dnplmtnbe tb tfgt {fnmf {l g}}|il# nt {ncc

}tncc mg|}l g qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfgt pl}n}tbp `|t tfgt nt {ncc `l b tfl bzzb}ntl zbcgpnt~

ged }fb|cd {l tfle dlel Hnpmffb} Qbctgkl Cg{ ne ge lvzpl}}nbe {l {ncc ed tfgt?

Q]

) NP

9 :

Tn} lvzpl}}nbe {ncc `l qlp~ |}l|c {fle {bphnek be elt{bph} {fnmf fgql eb }|zzc~

zpl}let% Nizbptget tb ebtl n} tfgt tfl qbctgkl cg{ n} bec~ gzzcnmg`cl tb g }lpnl} elt{bph}neml tfl qbctgkl fg} tb dnqndl `lt{lle tfl pl}zlmtnql pl}n}tnql qgc|l}%

7%= gzznne a Hnffaa c

[l beml gkgne ed tfgt tfl lg}nl}t ged ib}t mbeqlenlet {g~ tb gzzc~ Hnpmffb} Cg{}

{ncc `l `~ dbnek g mb|zcl b gmtnqntnl}% Ne dbnek tfl}l gmtnqntnl} tfl `g}nm mbemlzt} {ncc

`l gzzcnld g} {lcc g} lvzgedld% Nt i|}t fb{lqlp `l ebtld tfgt g} {ntf ige~ mbemlzt}

tfgt {l {ncc `l dlgcnek {ntf tfgt {l elld tb mbiileml {ntf tfl ib}t `g}nm b tfb}l

mbemlzt} g} {ncc `l tfl mg}l {ntf Hnpmffb} Cg{}%

Dlentnbe 7%0 Hnpmffba } Qbctgkl Cg{ &HQC.Hnpmffba} Qbctgkl Cg{}tgtl} tfgt tfl gckl`pgnm }|i b tfl nednqnd|gc qbctgkl dpbz}

ne g mcb}ld elt{bph n} lw|gc tb tfl gckl`pgnm }|i b tfl gzzcnld qbctgkl%


10/370

HNPMFFBAA] CG[]4

= bfi

1 bfi

= bfi

P7

P=

P0N7

N0N7 ( N0

9

Q7 Q0

) (

@

A

DM

L

G

Ank|pl 7%=

7%=%7 Hnffaa c nf nekl l

Mbe}ndlp tfl elt{bph ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7%=% Tlpl n} ibpl tfge bel {g~ ne {fnmf tb

}bcql tfn} gmtnqnt~ ged ~b| gpl gdqn}ld tb }llh ibpl tfge bel }bc|tnbe% Tl }lmplt cnl}

tflplne tb }lt |z t{b igtfligtnmgc lw|gtnbe} ged tfle tb }bcql tfli igtfligtnmgcc~% Ne}lttnek |z tfl t{b lw|gtnbe} ~b| i|}t |edlp}tged tfl mbemlzt} tfgt {lpl lvzcgneld ne

tfl zplqnb|} }lmtnbe }neml tfgt tflbp~ {ncc bpi tfl `g}n} b }lttnek |z tfl t{b lw|gtnbe

~b| {ncc plw|npl% A|ptflpibpl# tfl mbemlzt} b Bfi} Cg{ gpl lw|gcc~ gzzcnmg`cl }neml

Hnpmffb } Cg{} fg} g} bpnkne Bfi} Cg{% Tl t{b lw|gtnbe} {ncc `l }lt |z |}nek {fgt

n} tlpild cbbz} ged ~b| {ncc gc}b ebtnml tfgt tfl elt{bph fg} `lle cg`lccld pbi G

tfpb|kf tb F%

Lvizl 7%0

Dltlpinel {ntf tfl knqle nebpigtnbe b tfl elt{bph tfl igkent|dl b tfl

m|pplet zpbd|mld `~ tfl `gttlp~ &N7

( N0.%

]bc|tnbe?

Cbbz G@MDKFG Cbbz G@LAKFG

Q7

( Q0

9 Q]

&HQC. Q7

( Q0

9 Q]

&HQC.

@|t Q7

9 P7

&N7(N

0. @|t Q

79 P

7 &N

7(N

0. ged

Q0

9 P0

N7

Q0

9 P=

N0

P7

&N7(N

0. ( P

0 N

09 Q

]P

7 &N

7( N

0. ( P

= N

09 Q

]

@|t P7 9 = bfi8 P0 9 = bfi8 P= 9 1 bfi ged Q] 9 7: Q


11/370


= &N7

( N0. ( = N

79 7: = &N

7( N

0. ( 1 N

09 7:

=N7

( =N0

( =N7

9 7: =N7

( =N0

( 1N0

9 7:

1N7

( =N0

9 7: &7. =N7

( >N0

9 7: &0.

[l eb{ fgql t{b lw|gtnbe} {ntf t{b |eheb{e} ged gpl }bcqld ne tfl bccb{nek

igeelp?

&7. 7? 1N7

( =N0

9 7: &7.

&0. 0? 1N7

( 76N0

9 0: &=.

&7. ) &=. ) 7>>

N7

9 7#=== gizlpl

M|pplet zpbd|mld ~ tfl `gttlp~ 9 N7

( N0

9 7#=== ( :#11;

9 0 gizlpl

Fgqnek b`tgneld tfl igkent|dl} b tfl m|pplet} nednmgtld nt n} b |tib}t

nizbptgeml tfgt tfl}l ge}{lp} `l qlpnld ged tfn} n} dbel ne tfl bccb{nek igeelp

\}l ge~ bel b tfl lw|gtnbe} ~b| }lt |z ged }|`}tnt|tl tfl b`tgneld qgc|l} tflplne

ged ~b| i|}t tfle fgql tfl cl fged }ndl lw|gc tb tfl pnkft fged }ndl b tfl

lw|gtnbe%

1N7

( =N0

9 7: &7.

]|`}tnt|tl N797#=== gizlpl ged N

09 :#11; gizlpl

1 &7#===. ( = &:#11;. 9 7:

;#>>6 ( 0#::7 9 7:

>#>>> 9 7:

7: 9 7:

Nt i|}t `l ebtld fb{lqlp tfgt }fb|cd ~b| fgql }lt |z ~b|p lw|gtnbe} nembpplmtc~

pbi tfl be}lt tfgt {fle }|`}tnt|tnek tfl m|pplet igkent|dl} ne ge~ b tfl


12/370

HNPMFFBAA] CG[]1

Lvizl 7%=

7#0 h)bfi

4 h)bfi

7 h)bfi

P7

P0

P=

N7N7 ) n0

N7

Q7

Q0

Q] 9 =: Q

G @

Mbe}ndlp tfl ncc|}tpgtld elt{bph ged dltlpinel ~ mgcm|cgtnbe tfl?&g. Igkent|dl b tfl m|pplet} ne tfl zgpgcclc }lmtnbe b tfl elt{bph ~

ighnek |}l b Hnpmffba} Cg{}8

&`. Igkent|dl b tfl qbctgkl dpbz Q08 ged

&m. Zb{lp dn}}nzgtld `~ pl}n}tbp P=%

]bc|tnbe?

&g.

Cbbz G@LAG Cbbz G@MDLAG

Q7

( Q0

9 Q]

&HQC. Q7

( Q0

9 Q]

&HQC.

@|t Q7

9 P7

N7

ged Q0

9 P0

&N7

) N0. @|t Q

79 P

7 N

7ged Q

09 P

= N

0

P7

N7

( P0

&N7

) N0. 9 Q] P

7 N

7( P

0 N

09 Q

]

7#0 7:=N7

( 4 7:= &N7

) N0. 9 =: 7# 0 7:=N

7( 7 7:=N

09 =: &0.

7#0 7:=N7

( 4 7:=N7

)7 7:=N0

9 =:


13/370


M|pplet tfpb|kf P=

9 N0

9 70 i)gizlpl

M|pplet tfpb|kf P0

9 N7

) N0

9 7< 7:)= ) 70 7:)= 9 = i)gizlpl

&`. Q7 9 P7 N79 7#0 7:=7< 7:)=

9 76 qbct

&m. ZP7

9 N0

0 P=

9 &70 7:)=.0 7 7:=

9 744 i){gtt

Tl w|l}tnbe ig~ eb{ gpn}l {f~ {l ighl |}l b Hnpmffb } Cg{} {fle Bfi} Cg{

ig~ `l gzzcnld ne b`tgnenek tfl }gil pl}|ct% Tn} }tgtlilet n} mbepild {fle ~b|cbbh gt lvgizcl dbel be tfl gzzcnmgtnbe b Hnpmffb} Cg{}% [l db fb{lqlp ed tnil}

{fle tfl gzzcnmgtnbe b Bfi} Cg{ n} nizb}}n`cl ged {l tfle fgql tb ed g iltfbd tb

}bcql tfl m|pplet igkent|dl} ged nt n} tfle tfgt Hnpmffb} Cg{} i|}t `l gzzcnld% \z tb

eb{ {l fgql bec~ plgcc~ fgd g cbbh gt Hnpmffb} Qbctgkl Cg{ lvmlzt bp lvgizcl 7%7%

B|p gni {ncc eb{ `l tb }bcql g elt{bph ne {fnmf eb }b|pml nemc|dld%

7%=%0 Hnffaa c nf l

\z tb eb{ {l fgql bec~ plgcc~ fgd g cbbh gt Hnpmffb} Qbctgkl Cg{ lvmlzt bp lvgizcl7%7% B|p gni {ncc eb{ `l tb }bcql g elt{bph ne {fnmf eb }b|pml nemc|dld%

Lvizl 7%4

Dltlpinel# {ntf tfl gnd b Hnpmffba} Cg{} tfl igkent|dl b tfl m|pplet} N7

ged N0

ged N7

) N0%

7: bfi

=: bfi 04 bfi

0: bfi

0: bfi

= G =

N7

= ) N7

N7 ) N0

= ) N0

N0

G M

@

Cbbz 7 Cbbz 0


14/370

HNPMFFBAA] CG[]6

]bc|tnbe?

@lbpl {l mbiileml {ntf tfl }bc|tnbe tb tfn} elt{bph nt n} nizbptget tb ebtl tfgt

tflpl n} eb }|zzc~ }b|pml zpl}let ged bel {b|cd g}}|il tfgt nt {ncc `l qlp~ lg}~ tb

}bcql tfn} t~zl b elt{bph% l}# ~b| gpl mbpplmt tfgt nt n} qlp~ lg}~ tb }bcql }neml Q]9 :# `|t tflpl n} g ibpl nizbptget gmtbp tfgt elld tb `l tghle netb gmmb|et% ^b|

{ncc ebtnml tfgt tfl m|pplet dnplmtnbe n} nednmgtld `~ ilge} b tfl gppb{ zbnet} be

tfl elt{bph% Eb{# }fb|cd ~b| }lclmt tfl cbbz} gt pgedbi ged ~b| bccb{ tfl cbbz

~b| i|}t nednmgtl g ine|} {fle ~b| ibql gkgne}t tfl gppb{ nednmgtld be tfl

elt{bph% Zclg}l bccb{ tfl }tlz} ne tfl }bc|tnbe%

Cbbz 7 &G@DG. Cbbz 0 &@MD@.

7:N7 ( 0: &N7 ) N0. ) =: &= ) N7. 9 : 0:N0 ) 04 &= ) N0. ) 0: &N7 ) N0. 9 :7:N

7( 0:N

7) 0:N

0) >: ( =:N

79 : 0:N

0 ;0 ( 04N

0) 0:N

7( 0:N

09 :

1:N7

) 0:N0

9 >: &7. 0:N7

( 14N0

9 ;0 &0.

&7. 7? 1:N7

) 0:N0

9 >: &7.

&0. =? 1:N7

( 7>0N0

9 071 &=.

&7. ( &=.? 7;0N0

9 =:1

N0

9 7#;;> gizlpl

]|`}tnt|tl N0

97#;;> gizlpl ne &7.

1:N7) 0:N

09 >:

1:N7) 0: &7#;;>. 9 >:

1:N7

) = 9 :#=74 gizlpl

Nt }fb|cd eb{ `l b`qnb|} {f~ {l elld tb `l g`cl tb gzzc~ Hnpmffb } Cg{} ged ~b

gpl eb{ gdqn}ld tb gzzc~ tfl }gil zpnemnzcl} tfgt ~b| gzzcnld ne gmtnqnt~ 7%0 ged }l

n ~b| mge }bcql gcc tfl m|pplet igkent|dl} tfpb|kf lgmf pl}n}tbp ne tfl elt{bph%


15/370


Lvizl 7%

Lvgizcl 4%;

Mbe}ndlp tfl elt{bph dngkpgi knqle%

P

QMQP

M

N

7: bfi

7=: A


60/370

]lpnl] pCM)elt{bph]


61/370


Tl mgcm|cgtnbe dbel ne &l. zpbql} tfgt tfl zplqnb|} ge}{lp} b`tgneld gpl nedlld

mbpplmt }neml tfl qlmtbp }|i b tfl nednqnd|gc qbctgkl gmpb}} tfl pl}n}tbp ged

ned|mtbp n} gcib}t lw|gc tb tfl knqle }|zzc~ qbctgkl%

&. 9 tge)7 VM

bp 9 tge)7 QM

P QP

9 tge)7 04# 46 9 tge)7 0=7#4=4

7: >4#


62/370

]lpnl] pCM)elt{bph]


63/370


VC

VM

_

P

VM

) VC

N

QC

QM

Q]

QP

QM

) QC

N

& g . & ` .

Ank|pl 4%70

N ~b| pllp `gmh tb ak|pl 4%6 &`. ged ak|pl 4%> ~b| {ncc ebtnml tfgt tfl~ gpl ndletnmgc%

Tl bec~ dnlpleml `lnek n} tfgt QM

ged QC

fgql `lle }|`tpgmtld qlmtbpngcc~ tb ~nlcd QM

QC% Tl plg}be bp tfn} n} tfgt tfl~ gpl 76: gzgpt ged mgeebt `l }|`tpgmtld gckl`pgnmgcc~

Pllppnek tb ak|pl 4%77 ged 4%70 {l mge beml gkgne |}l Z~tfgkbpg} g} `g}n} ged dlpnql

tfl bccb{nek igtfligtnmgc lvzpl}}nbe}?

_ 9 XP0 ( &VM

u VC.0Y {flpl _ 9 nizldgeml b tfl elt{bph ne bfi

P 9 pl}n}tgeml b pl}n}tbp ne bfi

VM

9 plgmtgeml b mgzgmntbp ne bfi

VC

9 plgmtgeml b ned|mtbp ne bfi

u 9 dnlpleml `lt{lle

Q]

9 XQP

0 ( &QM

u QC.0Y {flpl Q

]9 }|zzc~ qbctgkl ne qbct

QP

9 qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} pl}n}tbp ne qbct

QC

9 qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} ned|mtbp ne qbct

QM

9 qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} mgzgmntbp ne qbct

u 9 dnlpleml `lt{lle

{flpl QM

9 N VM

QP

9 N P QC

9 N VC

Tl m|pplet ne tfl elt{bph n} igtfligtnmgcc~ knqle `~?

N 9Q] {flpl Q

]9 }|zzc~ qbctgkl ne qbct

_

_ 9 nizldgeml b tfl elt{bph ne bfi

N 9 m|pplet b{ ne elt{bph ne gizlpl

b| {ncc |ptflp ebtnml tfgt tflpl n} g zfg}l gekcl `lt{lle tfl m|pplet b{nek ne tfl

elt{bph ged tfl }|zzc~ qbctgkl% Tn} n} tlpild tfl zfg}l gekcl ged n} igtfligtnmgcc~

knqle `~?


64/370

]lpnl] pCM)elt{bph]


65/370


]bc|tnbe?

VC

9 0 v v v C VM

97

9 0 =#740 0:: ##


66/370

]lpnl] pCM)elt{bph]1:

Lvgizcl 4%>

Mbe}ndlp tfl bccb{nek elt{bph dngkpgi%

PM

C

N

7: bfi6 bfi

74 bfi

>: Q76: Q7 qbct

&`. _ 9 XP0 ( &VM

u VC.0Y

9 X7:0 ( &74 ) 6.0Y

9 77#11 bfi

&m. N 9Q]_

97;4# >

77# 11

9 7< gizlpl


67/370


&d. VC

9 0 C

C 9 VC

0

94

0 =#740 7::

9 00#0; iF

&l. VM

97

0 M

97

0 VM

97

0 =#740 7:: 6

9 7>6#> A

&. 9 mb})7P

_

9 mb})77:

77# 71

9 =:#>


68/370

]lpnl] pCM)elt{bph]10

Tlpl n} tfl zbnet {flpl tfl}l t{b kpgzf} netlp}lmt bel gebtflp ged n} tlpild tfl

pl}beget plw|lem~ ged nt n} gc}b tfn} zbnet {flpl VC

9 VM% [l {ncc eb{ |}l tfn}

nebpigtnbe tb dlpnql g bpi|cg tb dltlpinel tfn} plw|lem~%

P

l

g

m

t

g

e

m

l

VC

VM

a

ap

Ank|pl 4%7=

VC

9 VM

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% &7.

@|t VC

9 0 v v v C ged VM

9 7

0 v v v M

]|`}tnt|tl ne &7.

0 v v v C 9 7

0 v v v M

0 9 7

&0 v .0 v C v M

p 9 7

0 v v &C v M.

Tl lvzpl}}nbe dlpnqld g`bql mclgpc~ nednmgtl} tfgt bec~ tfl ned|mtbp ged mgzgmntbpzcg~} g pbcl ne tfl pl}begeml b g }lpnl} PCM)elt{bph ged tfgt pl}n}tgeml zcg~} eb pbcl g

gcc%

4%; Mbedntnbe} abp pl}begeml

Gt tfn} zbnet {l {ncc bec~ mbe}ndlp tfl mbedntnbe} bp pl}begeml ne }lpnl} PCM)elt{bph

Tl bccb{nek mbedntnbe} {ncc lvn}t bp pl}begeml ne g }lpnl} PCM)elt{bph%

VC 9 VMQ Q d


69/370


9 :

N n} igvni|i

p 9 7

0 v v &C v M.

Tl lvzcgegtnbe tfgt {ncc bccb{ eb{ {l {ncc zpbql igtfligtnmgcc~ g} {lcc g} `~ ilge}

b kpgzfnm plzpl}letgtnbe }bil b tfl mbedntnbe} iletnbeld g`bql%

_ 9 XP0 ( &VM

u VC.0Y `|t V

C9 V

M 9 mb})7 P `|t _ 9 P

9 XP0 ( &:.0Y _

9 P 9 mb})7 P

P

9 mb})7 7

9 :

Q]

9 XQP

0 ( &QM

0 u QC

0. `|t QC

9 QM

9 XQP

0 ( &:.0Y

9 QP

Tl bccb{nek t{b kpgzf} ncc|}tpgtld ne ak|pl 4%74 &g. ged &`. ncc|}tpgtl} t{b b tfl

g`bql mbedntnbe} egilc~ plw|lem~ qlp}|} nizldgeml ged plw|lem~ qlp}|} m|pplet%

Gc}b ncc|}tpgtld ne ak|pl 4%74 &m. n} tfl zfg}bp dngkpgi bp g }lpnl} pl}beget elt{bph%

VM

5 VC

VC

5 VM

P

PM PC

a

ap

N

i

z

l

d

g

e

m

l

VM

5 VC

VC

5 VM

P

PM PC

a

ap

M

|

p

p

l

e

t

QM

QP

N

QC

& g . & m .& ` .

Ank|pl 4%74

Lvgizcl 4%7:

G }lpnl} PCM)elt{bph mbe}n}t} b tfl bccb{nek mbizbelet} mbeelmtld gmpb}}

g =::Q gctlpegtnek m|pplet }|zzc~? P 9 7: bfi


70/370


\}l tfn} nebpigtnbe tb dltlpinel tfl?

&g. Pl}beget plw|lem~ b tfl elt{bph8

&`. Nizldgeml b tfl elt{bph &zpbql ~b|p ge}{lp.8

&m. Tgt tfl }|zzc~ qbctgkl Q] 9 =:: Q &zpbql ~b|p ge}{lp.8 ged&d. Tgt tfl zfg}l gekcl 9 : &zpbql ~b|p ge}{lp.%

]bc|tnbe?

7

&g. p 90 v v &C v M.

7

9

0 =#740 &0: 7:)=

;< 7:)1.

9 70># >= F

&`. _ 9 XP0 ( &VM

u VC.0Y `|t V

C9 V

M9 :

9 X7:0 ( &:.0Y

9 7: bfi

&m. VC

9 0 C

9 0 =#740 70>#>= 0: 7:)=

9 71#== bfi

VM

97

0 M

97

0 =#740 70># >= ;< 7:)1

9 71#== bfi

N 9 Q] QM

9 N VM

QP

9 N P QC

9 N VC

_

9 =: 71#== 9 =: 7: 9 =: 71#=

9=::

9 46>#> qbct 9 =:: qbct 9 46>#> qbc

7:

9 =: gizlpl

Q]

9 XQP

0 ( &QM0 u QC

0 .Y `|t QC

9 QM

9 :

9 X=::0 ( &:.0Y

9 =:: qbct


71/370


&d. 9 mb})7P

`|t _ 9 P 9 7:

_

9 mb})7P

P

9 mb})77:

7:

9 :

Lvlpmn}l 4%7

7% Ge gctlpegtnek w|getnt~ {ncc `lfgql ne g zpl}mpn`ld igeelp {flegzzcnld tb dnalplet mbizbelet}% \}l gzzcnmg`cl dngkpgi} tb ncc|}tpgtl

tfn} `lfgqnb|p ged dpg{ tfl kpgzfnmgc) g} {lcc g} zfg}bp dngkpgi} {fle

ge gctlpegtnek w|getnt~ n} gzzcnld tb g &e.?

7%7 Pl}n}tbp8

7%0 Mgzgmntbp8 ged

7%= Ned|mtbp%

0% \}l g kpgzf ged knql g dltgncld lvzcgegtnbe b }lpnl} pl}begeml% b| gpl

|ptflp plw|npld tb dlpnql ge lvzpl}}nbe tfgt mge `l |}ld tb dltlpinel tfl

pl}beget plw|lem~ b g }lpnl} PCM)elt{bph%

=% Lvzcgne tfl mbemlzt b ned|mtnql) ged mgzgmntnql `lfgqnb|p b g }lpnl}

PCM)elt{bph ~ ilge} b t{b |cc~ cg`lccld zfg}bp dngkpgi}% \}l ~b|p

b{e nigknegp~ qgc|l}%

4% G }lpnl} elt{bph mbe}n}t} b g 0< iF ned|mtbp ged g 7< bfi pl}n}tbp

mbeelmtld gmpb}} g 7::Q"1:F gctlpegtnek }|zzc~% Mgcm|cgtl tfl?

4%7 Nizldgeml b tfl elt{bph8

4%0 M|pplet tfgt {ncc b{ ne tfl elt{bph8

4%= Qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl?

4%=%7 Pl}n}tbp8 ged

4%=%0 Ned|mtbp%

4%4 Zfg}l gekcl `lt{lle tfl }|zzc~ qbctgkl ged tfl m|pplet%

4%< Dpg{ g zfg}bp dngkpgi tfgt {ncc plzpl}let tfl w|getntnl} bp tfl

g`bql elt{bph ged ne}lpt gcc plclqget qgc|l}%


72/370



73/370


>% Dpg{ elgt cg`lccld kpgzf} tfgt {ncc ncc|}tpgtl?

>%7 M|pplet qlp}|} plw|lem~8 ged

>%0 Aplw|lem~ qlp}|} nizldgeml bp g }lpnl} PCM)pl}beget mnpm|nt%

7:% G }lpnl} PCM)elt{bph dpg{} g m|pplet b 7#1 iG pbi g 7#1 Q gctlpegtnek

m|pplet }|zzc~ {fle tfl elt{bph n} gt pl}begeml gt g plw|lem~ b 7 hF%

]fb|cd 71 qbct `l ilg}|pld gmpb}} tfl ned|mtbp gt tfn} plw|lem~ dltlpinel

tfl?

7:%7 Qgc|l b tfl ned|mtbp8

7:%0 Qgc|l b tfl mgzgmntbp8 ged

7:%= Qgc|l b tfl pl}n}tbp%


74/370



75/370


Clgpenek B|tmbil}


Ncc|}tpgtl {ntf tfl gnd b g mnpm|nt dngkpgi ged kpgzfnmgc plzpl}letgtnbe g zgpgcclc

mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp ged ge ned|mtbp8

Dltlpinel `~ mgcm|cgtnbe tfl?

Nizldgeml8

M|pplet b{8

Zfg}l gekcl8

Qbctgkl dpbz}8 ged

]|zzc~ qbctgkl ne g zgpgcclc mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp ged ge ned|mtbp%

Dpg{ g zfg}bp dngkpgi bp g zgpgcclc mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp ged ge ned|mtbp8 Ncc|}tpgtl {ntf tfl gnd b g mnpm|nt dngkpgi ged kpgzfnmgc plzpl}letgtnbe g zgpgcclc

mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp ged g mgzgmntbp8


Nizldgeml8

M|pplet b{8

Zfg}l gekcl8

Qbctgkl dpbz}8 ged

]|zzc~ qbctgkl ne g zgpgcclc mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp ged g mgzgmntbp%

Dpg{ g zfg}bp dngkpgi bp g zgpgcclc mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp ged g mgzgmntbp8 Ncc|}tpgtl {ntf tfl gnd b g mnpm|nt dngkpgi ged kpgzfnmgc plzpl}letgtnbe g zgpgcclc

mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp# ge ned|mtbp ged g mgzgmntbp8


Nizldgeml8

M|pplet b{8

Zfg}l gekcl8

Qbctgkl dpbz}8 ged

]|zzc~ qbctgkl ne g zgpgcclc mnpm|nt mbetgnenek g pl}n}tbp# ge ned|mtbp ged

g mgzgmntbp%

:

]neml VC

9 VM

gt pl}begeml nt n} b`qnb|} tfgt?

W 9 VM

bp VC

P P

Nt {ncc `l b|ed tfgt }neml tfn} zflebilebe n} tlpild tfl igkenmgtnbe gmtbp tfgt tfl

bccb{nek mbedntnbe} {ncc gzzc~ bp }lpnl} bp zgpgcclc pl}beget elt{bph}?

]lpnl} elt{bph}? Tl qbctgkl gmpb}} tfl ned|mtbp ged mgzgmntbp n}

igtfligtnmgcc~ knqle `~?

QC

bp QM

9 Q]

W

{flpl Q]

9 qgc|l b }|zzc~ qbctgkl ne qbct

Zgpgcclc elt{bph}? Tl m|pplet tfpb|kf tfl ned|mtbp ged mgzgmntbp n}

igtfligtnmgcc~ knqle `~?

NC

bp NM

9 N

W

{flpl N

9 qgc|l b tbtgc cnel m|pplet ne gizlpl

1%= @nt

Tl kpgzfnm plzpl}letgtnbe ne k|pl 1%7 ncc|}tpgtl} tfl mbemlzt b `ged{ndtf%

Ank|pl 1%7

@ged{ndtf

a7

ap

a0

a

Q bp N

: d@

) = d@ :#;:; QI

bp NI


97/370


G}}|inek g`}bc|tlc~ z|pl mbizbelet} &C ged M.# tfn} `ged{ndtf {ncc cnl }~iiltpnmgcc~

gpb|ed tfl pl}beget plw|lem~ p% Gc}b b nizbptgeml n} tfgt tfl `ged{ndtf pgekl b

plw|lemnl} {ncc fgql g m|pplet bp qbctgkl qgc|l {fnmf {ncc `l lw|gc tb :#;:; QI

bp NI

%

Ne bpdlp tb zpbql tfgt tfn} zbnet {flpl tfl `ged{ndtf n} tghle n} gc}b tlpild tfl fgc)

zb{lp zbnet} bp = d@ zbnet} {l elld tb }|`}tgetngtl tfn} `~ ilge} b tfl bccb{nek

lvzcgegtnbe% G}}|il ge gizcnlp fg} ge b|tz|t b 7 {gtt ged {l pld|ml tfl zb{lp `~fgc tb :#< {gtt% [l heb{ tfgt?

d@ 9 7: cbkZB

Zn

9 7: cbk :# 0

]bc|tnbe?

7

p

90 &C M.

@[ 9P

0 C

7

97::

90 =#740 &:# < 4: 7:)1.

0 =#740 :##6:= 7:= =

0 =#740 7>#6:0 7:= :#0 7:)=

9 0#=6; hF

lc 1%=

G }lpnl} elt{bph mbe}n}t} b g pl}n}tgeml fgqnek g qgc|l b =: bfi# ge ned|mtbp

fgqnek g qgc|l b 7: iF ged g mgzgmntbp tfgt fg} g mgzgmntnql plgmtgeml b =::

bfi% Tn} mbi`negtnbe n} mbeelmtld gmpb}} ge gctlpegtnek }|zzc~ b =:Q ged

pl}begtl} gt g plw|lem~ b 4#;;4 hF% Dltlpinel tfl?

&g. W)gmtbp b tfl elt{bph8

&`. @ged{ndtf b tfl elt{bph8 ged

&m. Tl qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl ned|mtbp ged tfl mgzgmntbp%

]bc|tnbe?

&g. W 9VC

P

9=::

=:

9 7:


100/370

W)agmtbp# @ged{ndtf ged mbizclv ebtgtnbe>4

&`. @[ 9p

W

4#;;4 7:=

9 7:

9 4;;# 4 F

&m. QC

9 Q]

W QM

9 Q]

W

9 =: 7: 9 =: 7:

9 =:: qbct 9 =:: qbct

lc 1%4

G zgpgcclc pl}beget elt{bph pl}begtl} gt ge |eheb{e plw|lem~ ged mbe}n}t}

b g 7: bfi pl}n}tbp# g =: iF ned|mtbp ged g 7:: A mgzgmntbp% Dltlpinel tfl

W)gmtbp b tfn} elt{bph%

]bc|tnbe?

W 9 7 &C"M.

P

9 7 &=: 7:)= " 7:: 7:)1.

7:

9 7#;=0

lc 1% gizlpl

&l. VM

9 M

M 9 VM

9 =#740 0#=6; 7:= 7


102/370


Tl ib}t mbiibe bpi} tb `l |}ld nemc|dl? o pllppld tb g} tfl plmtgek|cgp bpi

ged p" {fnmf n} tlpild tfl zbcgp bpi% Mbe}ndlp tfl bccb{nek t{b elt{bph} g}

ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 1%0 &g. ged &`.%

Ank|pl 1%0

Gmmbpdnek tb k|pl 1%0 &g.? Gmmbpdnek tb k|pl 1%0 &`.?

_ 9 ( o &plmtgek|cgp. _ 9 o &plmtgek|cgp.

9 p" &zbcgp. 9 p" &zbcgp.

Plmtgek|cgp tb zbcgp Zbcgp tb plmtgek|cgp

p0 9 0 ( 0 &Ibd|cn. 9 p mb} &Plgc qgc|l. 9 tge)7 o &Gpk|ilet}. o 9 p }ne &Nigknegp~ qgc|l.

Gctfb|kf tfl mbeqlp}nbe mge `l dbel tfn} {g~ ib}t ibdlpe zbmhlt mgcm|cgtbp ighl}

zpbqn}nbe bp tfl}l mbeqlp}nbe}% Gcc gddntnbe bp }|`tpgmtnbe} b w|getntnl} gpl dbel

|}nek tfl plmtgek|cgp bpi {flplg} dnqn}nbe ged i|ctnzcnmgtnbe gpl dbel |}nek tfl zbcg

bpi%

Gddntnbe &_7 ( _0.

_7

( _0

9 &7

( o7. ( &

0( o

0.

9 &7

( 0. ( &o

7( o

0.

Gcc plgc qgc|l} gpl gddld bp }|`tpgmtld {fgtlqlp tfl mg}l ig~ `l ged gcc nigknegp~

qgc|l} gpl gddld bp }|`tpgmtld {fgtlqlp tfl mg}l ig~ `l%

9 plgc qgc|l}

o 9 nigknegp~ qgc|l}

P P

)o

o

_ _

&g. &`.


103/370


I|ctnzcnmgtnbe &_7

_0.

_7

_0

9 p7"

7 p

0"

0

9 p7

p0"

7 (

0

Gcc ibd|cn qgc|l} gpl i|ctnzcnld ged gcc gpk|ilet qgc|l} gpl gddld%

Dnqn}nbe &_7

_0.

_7

_0

9 p7"

7 p

0"

0

9 p7

p0"

7 )

0

Gcc ibd|cn qgc|l} gpl dnqndld ged gcc gpk|ilet qgc|l} gpl }|`tpgmtld%

1%< pCm)tbh}

1%


104/370


lc 1%1

G }lpnl} PCM)elt{bph fg} tfl bccb{nek mbizbelet qgc|l} mbeelmtld gmpb}} g

0: bfi

&g. _ 9 o

9 0: ( o4;#7= ) o=7#6=

9 0: ( o7#>0>")=;#40 0:":9 7>6#")=;#40 =7#6=")>:

9 =71#:4")70;#40 qbct


105/370


&d.

1%6#


106/370

W)agmtbp# @ged{ndtf ged mbizclv ebtgtnbe7::

lc 1%6

Tl bccb{nek PCM)elt{bph n} knqle%

P

C

M

C

< bfi}

o 7: bfi}

) o 0 bfi}

o 0: bfi}

_B\T @G

_

9_7 _0

_7

( _0

970#6"=6#11 0")>:

7: ( o6 ( : ) o0

90


107/370


]bc|tnbe?

_7

9 ( o _0

9 ) o _=

9 ( o

9 < ( o0: bfi 9 : ) o0 bfi 9 : ( o7: bfi9 0:#17: bfi 9 7:">: bfi

_B\T

9 _7

(_0 _=

_0 ( _=

9< ( o 0: ( 0")>: 7:">:

: ) o 0 ( : ( o 7:

9< ( o 0: ( 0:":

: ( o6

9 < ( o 0: ( 0:":

6">:

9 < ( o 0: ( 0#


108/370

W)agmtbp# @ged{ndtf ged mbizclv ebtgtnbe7:0

]bc|tnbe?

&g.

P

C

M

0 bfi}

o 7: bfi}

) o 0 bfi}

) o 6 bfi}P

P

7: bfi}

< bfi}

_7

_=

_0

7:: Q

&`.&n. _T

9_7 _0 ( _=

_7 ( _0

9< ) o0 7: ( o 7:

( 0 ) o6< ) o0 ( 7: ( o 7:

9")4#6 ( 0 ) o 6

9 4#41= ) o:# =;< ( 0 ) o6

9 1#41= ) o 6#=;#=< bfi

_=

9 7:: ( o =


111/370


Clgpenek B|tmbil}


Dl}mpn`l ged ndletn~ tfl egt|pl b igttlp ~ eginek bpi} ged lvgizcl}8

G}mlptgne gtbinm {lnkft ged e|i`lp b lclilet} `~ |}nek tfl Zlpnbdnm g`cl b

Lclilet}8

Dlel?

Mbizb|ed}8

G ibclm|cl8 ged

Ge gtbi%

Dpg{ g t{b dnile}nbegc cg~b|t b ge~ gtbi nednmgtnek gcc tfl zgptnmcl} g} {lcc g}

igobp) ged }|`)}flcc}8 Dltlpinel tfl e|i`lp b zgptnmcl} ne tfl igobp) ged }|`)}flcc}8

Dn}m|}} bp lvzcgne tfl tlpi qgclem~ ged qgclem~ }flcc8

Lvzcgne g mbqgclet `bed `~ ilge} b g }|ntg`cl }hltmf8

Dn}m|}} tfl dnlpleml `lt{lle lclmtpbe b{ ged fbcl b{ `~ ilge} b ge

gzzcnmg cl }hltmf8

\edlp}tged ged `l g`cl tb lvzcgne `~ ilge} b }nizcl }hltmfl} tfl lelpk~ `ged}

{fnmf lvn}t ne gtbi} ged tfl zcgmnek b tfl}l lelpk~ `ged} ne?

G mbed|mtbp8

Ge ne}|cgtbp8 ged G }lin)mbed|mtbp%

Dlel tfl lclmtpbe qbct%

;%7 Tfl }tp|mt|pl ba igttlp

;MFGZTLP

@g}nm Gtbinm Tflbp~

@G]NM GTBINM TFLBP^

Dlaentnbe ;%7 Igttlp

Igttlp ig~ `l dleld g} ge~tfnek tfgt fg} ig}} ged tfgt bmm|znl} }zgml ged mge `l


112/370

@G]NM GTBINM TFLBP^7:1

Tl}l mbizb}ntnbe} ig~ `l ne z|pl bpi bp nt ig~ `l g mbizb|ed bp invt|pl b

lclilet} b|ed ne egt|pl% Igttlp mgeebt `l klelpgtld bp dl}tpb~ld `|t nt ig~ mfgekl

pbi bel bpi netb gebtflp% Igttlp mge `l dnqndld netb tfl bccb{nek kpb|z}?

]bcnd}8 Cnw|nd}8

Kg}}l}8 ged

Zcg}ig%

Lvgizcl} b }|mf lclilet} b|ed gpl?

Npbe &Al.

]ncqlp &Gk.

Mgp`be &M. Kbcd &G|.

Gc|ine|i &Gc.

Mcg}}nmgtnbe b gcc lclilet} ne egt|pl# gpl b|ed ne tfl Zlpnbdnm g`cl b Lclilet}

ged gpl mcg}}nld `~ nt} gtbinm e|i`lp ged gtbinm {lnkft% Tl gtbinm e|i`lp b ge

lclilet n} knqle `~ tfl e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} bp`ntnek tfl gtbi {flplg} tfl gtbinm

{lnkft n} knqle `~ tfl e|i`lp b zpbtbe} ged el|tpbe} mbetgneld ne tfl e|mcl|} b

ge gtbi% Gcc lclilet} mbe}n}t bec~ b bel t~zl b gtbi g} n} nednmgtld `~ tfl Zlpnbdnm

g`cl b Lclilet}% Mbi`nenek b dnlplet lclilet} ig~ bpi mbizb|ed} `~ mflinmgc

plgmtnbe {ntf bel gebtflp ged tfl ib}t mbiibe bel {b|cd `l {gtlp% [gtlp n} g

mbizb|ed b Bv~kle ged F~dpbkle%

;%0 Gtbi}

Dlaentnbe ;%0 Ibclm|cl

G ibclm|cl mge `l dleld g} tfl }igccl}t zgpt b ge gtbi tfgt {ncc fgql tfl }gil

mfgpgmtlpn}tnm} b tfl bpnknegc lclilet {ntfb|t plghnek |z netb gtbi} gkgne%

Dlaentnbe ;%= Gtbi}

Ge gtbi ig~ `l dleld g} tfl }igccl}t zgpt b ge lclilet tfgt mge zgptnmnzgtl ne g


113/370


Gcc gtbi} mbe}n}t b ine|tl zgptnmcl} b lclmtpnmgc mfgpkl} gppgekld ne g }lt zgttlpe ged

mbe}n}t b?

Lclmtpbe}# ibqnek gpb|ed tfl e|mcl|} b ge gtbi ged tfgt fg} g elkgtnql lclmtpnmgc

mfgpkl b 7#1:0 7:)7> mb|cbi` ged gpl hlzt ne nt} bp`nt `~ lclmtpb}tgtnm bpml} bgttpgmtnbe8

Zpbtbe} ne tfl e|mcl|} b ge gtbi tfgt fgql g zb}ntnql lclmtpnmgc mfgpkl8 ged

El|tpbe} ne tfl e|mcl|} b ge gtbi tfgt fgql eb lclmtpnmgc mfgpkl%

Nt {ncc `l b|ed tfgt gcc gtbi} fgql ge lw|gc e|i`lp b zpbtbe} ged lclmtpbe}# {fnmf

nednmgtl} nt} gtbinm e|i`lp# {fnmf ighl} gcc gtbi} lclmtpnmgcc~ el|tpgc% Gcc lclmtpbe}#

zpbtbe} ged el|tpbe} gpl ndletnmgc ged nt n} zb}}n`cl tfgt tfl~ `l plzcgmld ne btflp gtbi

tfgt gpl ebt b tfl }gil lclilet% G zbnet b netlpl}t n} tfgt nt n} qlp~ lg}~ bp ge gtbi

tb cbb}l bp kgne b|tlp bp`nt bp qgcleml lclmtpbe}% Tlplbpl# }fb|cd ge gtbi cbb}l gelclmtpbe nt {ncc cbb}l }bil b nt} elkgtnql lclmtpnmgc mfgpkl ged ne tfl zpbml}} `lmbil

zb}ntnqlc~ mfgpkld' Tn} n} tfle heb{e g} g zb}ntnql nbe bp mgtnbe% Tl bzzb}ntl fb{lql

n} gc}b tp|l ne tfgt {fle ge gtbi kgne} ge lclmtpbe nt {ncc nemplg}l nt} elkgtnql lclmtpnmgc

mfgpkl ged {ncc tfle `l heb{e g} g elkgtnql nbe bp genbe% Tl bec~ dnlpleml `lt{lle

gtbi} n} g e|ilpnmgc dnlpleml% Ank|pl ;%7 ncc|}tpgtl} g t{b dnile}nbegc cg~b|t b ge

gtbi%

Ank|pl ;%7

;%= Lelpk~ ]flcc}

Gcc lclmtpbe} gpl gppgekld gpb|ed tfl e|mcl|} b ge gtbi ne g zpl)dltlpineld igeelp

g} iletnbeld lgpcnlp `|t {l }fb|cd fb{lqlp fgql g mcb}lp cbbh gt tfl}l gppgeklilet}%

bkltflp {ntf k|pl ;%7 {l }fb|cd gc}b pllp tb k|pl ;%0 tb ed b|t fb{ tfl

gppgeklilet b tfl lclmtpbe}# zpbtbe} ged el|tpbe} ne ge gtbi n} gmmbizcn}fld%

Zpbtbe} &(.

ged el|tpbe}

&eb mfgpkl.

Elkgtnqlc~ mfgpkld

bp`ntnek lclmtpbe}

H ) }flcc

C ) }flcc

E|mcl|}


114/370

@G]NM GTBINM TFLBP^7:6

C

I

H

0

6

76

] ]Z ]ZD

Clttlp dl}nkegtnbe ba

igobp }flcc}

Clttlp dl}nkegtnbe ba

}|` ) }flcc}

E|i`lp ba bp`ntnek

lclmtpbe} zlp }flcc

Ank|pl ;%0

Ne tfl plzpl}letgtnbe b k|pl ;%0 tfl mletpl mnpmcl {ncc plzpl}let tfl e|mcl|} mbe}n}tnek

b tfl zpbtbe} ged el|tpbe}% Tl b|tlp mnpmcl bp mnpmcl} {ncc nednmgtl tfl }flcc} bp tfl

bp`ntnek lclmtpbe}% Gctfb|kf tfl}l plzpl}letgtnbe} gpl t{b dnile}nbegc# tfl }fgzl b

g tleen} `gcc mge gcib}t plzpl}let ge gtbi ne tfgt tfl igobp }flcc} b ge gtbi gpl gc}b

}|`)dnqndld netb }|`)}flcc}% Tn} mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl ;%0%

Tl igobp }flcc} b ge gtbi gpl dl}nkegtld tfl H# C I ged E }flcc} ged tfl }|`)}flcc}gpl dl}nkegtld tfl ]# Z# D ged A }flcc}% Lgmf }flcc# igobp bp }|`)}flcc# ig~ bec~ fgql g

zpl)dltlpineld e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} zlp }flcc ged tfl e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} ne tfl igobp

}flcc} n} dltlpineld `~ tfl lvzpl}}nbe 0%e0 {flpl e {ncc plzpl}let tfl bp`nt e|i`lp

mb|etnek pbi tfl neelp mnpmcl tb{gpd tfl b|tlp mnpmcl% Tl e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} zlp

igobp }flcc mge tf|} `l mgcm|cgtld ne tfl bccb{nek igeelp%

H }flcc? 0%e0 9 0 70 9 0 T|}# tfl H }flcc ig~ bec~ mbetgne 0 lclmtpbe}%

C }flcc? 0%e0 9 0 00 9 6 T|}# tfl C }flcc ig~ bec~ mbetgne 6 lclmtpbe}%I }flcc? 0%e0 9 0 =0 9 76 T|}# tfl I }flcc ig~ bec~ mbetgne 76 lclmtpbe}%

E }flcc? 0%e0 9 0 40 9 =0 T|}# tfl E }flcc ig~ bec~ mbetgne =0 lclmtpbe}%

]neml tfl e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} zlp igobp }flcc mge `l dltlpineld ged zpldnmtld

nt bccb{} tfgt tfl e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} zlp }|`)}flcc mge gc}b `l dltlpineld ged

zpldnmtld% Tl e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} zlp }|`)}flcc n} knqle g} bccb{}?

] }flcc 9 0 lclmtpbe}Z f cc 1 c t


115/370


Lclmtpbe} mge `l igdl tb o|iz tb btflp bp`nt} `~ ilge} b flgt# cnkft lelpk~ bp ge

lclmtpnm lcd gt bp elgp ge gtbi% [fgtlqlp tfl bpi b lelpk~ |}ld# nt n} pllppld tb g}

nbengtnbe zbtletngc% Tn} gppgeklilet b lclmtpbe} bp`ntnek ge gtbi {ncc eb{ gccb{ bel

tb dltlpinel tfl mbed|mtnek zpbzlptnl} b tfl lclilet ged l}zlmngcc~ tfl b|tlp bp`nt bp

qgcleml }flcc b ge gtbi%

;%4 Qgclem~

Tl e|i`lp b lclmtpbe} ne tfl b|tlp }flcc b ge gtbi# mgccld tfl qgcleml }flcc# {ncc

dltlpinel tfl qgclem~ b tfgt lclilet ged ig~ `l dleld g} ge nednmgtnbe b tfl g`ncnt~

b ge gtbi tb kgne bp cbb}l lclmtpbe} ged {ncc dltlpinel tfl lclmtpnmgc zpbzlptnl} b tfgt

lclilet% ]fb|cd ge gtbi ebt fgql tfl |cc mbizclilet b lclmtpbe} ne tfl qgcleml }flcc#

tfgt lclilet n} dllild tb `l g mbed|mtbp }neml tfgt zgptnm|cgp gtbi {ncc gc{g~} `l be

tfl cbbhb|t bp lclmtpbe} tb cc tfl qgmgemnl}# {fnmf lvn}t% ]fb|cd ge gtbi fb{lqlp fgq

tfl |cc mbizcnilet b lclmtpbe} ne tfl qgcleml }flcc nt {ncc ebt elld tb cbbh bp lclmtpbe

tb cc |z qgmgemnl} }neml eb qgmgemnl} lvn}t ged n} tfle dllild tb `l ge ne}|cgtbp%

Tl g`bql }tgtlilet} gpl ebt gc{g~} tp|l% G mbed|mtbp ig~ gc}b `l ge ne}|cgtbp |edlp

mlptgne }zlmnm mbedntnbe}% {b bp ibpl gtbi} ig~ mbi`nel tb bpi g mbqgclet `bed%

Tl `l}t igeelp ne {fnmf tb lvzcgne tfn} mbemlzt n} tb cbbh gt t{b f~dpbkle gtbi} g}

ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl ;%=% Tn} n} ebt g mbizb|ed tfgt {ncc `l bpild `|t n} tfl }fgpnek b

lclmtpbe} `~ t{b bp ibpl e|mcln b gtbi}% Ne tfn} ne}tgeml tfl bec~ }flcc b lclmtpbe} {nc

mbetgne t{b lclmtpbe}# {fnmf ighl tfgt zgptnm|cgp }flcc mbizcltl% Tn} zflebilebe

n} zgptnm|cgpc~ nizbptget ne tfl }lin)mbed|mtbp lcd ged {ncc `l lvzcgneld ne ibpl

dltgnc {fle }lin)mbed|mtbp} gpl dn}m|}}ld% Tlplbpl# {l {ncc ed tfgt tflpl gpl eb pl

lclmtpbe} gqgncg`cl }neml lgmf gtbi }fgpl} nt} lclmtpbe} {ntf bel gebtflp ged tfgt tfl~

gpl pic~ gttgmfld ne g mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl `~ tfn} mbqgclet `bed%

Ank|pl ;%=

;%< Mbed|mtnbe

G qlp~ nizbptget zflebileg mbemlpenek mbed|mtnbe }fb|cd fb{lqlp gc}b `llvzcgneld Ne tfl nembizcltl qgcleml }flcc b ge lclilet {l pllp tb tfl }zgml} {fnmf

Bp`ntnek lclmtpbe}

F~dpbkle gtbi 7 F~dpbkle gtbi 0


116/370

@G]NM GTBINM TFLBP^77:

Ibqlilet b lclmtpbe} bp mbed|mtnbe mge ged {ncc tghl zcgml ne ge~ knqle mbed|mtnek

igtlpngc# ne g dl}npld dnplmtnbe# }fb|cd g }b|pml b zb{lp `l gzzcnld gmpb}} }|mf

igtlpngc% Tn} mbed|mtnbe zpbml}} mge `l `~ bel bp `btf b tfl bccb{nek zpbml}}l}

egilc~ fbcl b{ bp tpge}lp bp `~ lclmtpbe ibtnbe%

Apll lclmtpbe} ne tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged {ncc# |edlp tfl ne|leml b ge gzzcnld zbtletngc#

ibql gpb|ed% Tl plg}be bp tfn} gmtnbe n} tfgt }neml tfl lclmtpbe fg} g elkgtnql mfgpkl

nt {ncc `l plzlccld `~ tfl elkgtnql mfgpkl b tfl gzzcnld zbtletngc `|t gt tfl }gil tnil `l

gttpgmtld `~ tfl zb}ntnql mfgpkl b tfl gzzcnld zbtletngc% Ne tfn} igeelp {l {ncc ed tfg

lclmtpbe} {ncc gc{g~} ibql pbi g elkgtnql mfgpkl tb{gpd g zb}ntnql mfgpkl% Tn} gmtnbe

n} tlpild lclmtpbe b{% ]fb|cd {l eb{ b`}lpql k|pl ;%4 ne ibpl dltgnc# nt {ncc `l }lle

tfgt g} tfl lclmtpbe ibql} pbi tfl elkgtnql mfgpkl b tfl gzzcnld zbtletngc tb{gpd tfl

zb}ntnql mfgpkl b tfl gzzcnld zbtletngc# tfgt tfl fbcl ibql} pbi tfl zb}ntnql mfgpkl b

tfl gzzcnld zbtletngc tb{gpd tfl elkgtnql mfgpkl b tfl gzzcnld zbtletngc% Tn} gmtnbe n}tlpild fbcl b{ ged `btf tfl}l mbemlzt} gpl b kplgt nizbptgeml ged {l {ncc dlgc {ntf

tfl}l zpnemnzcl} gkgne {fle {l dn}m|}} }lin)mbed|mtbp}%

Ank|pl ;%4

)

)

)

(

(

(

Gzzcnld zbtletngc

Lclmtpbe ibtnbe Fbcl ibtnbe


117/370


;%1 Lelpk~ `ged}

Ne ge n}bcgtld gtbi tfl lclmtpbe} {ncc `l gmtld |zbe pbi {ntfne% ]fb|cd {l eb{ fb{lqlp

`pnek g e|i`lp b gtbi} tbkltflp# g} ne g }bcnd igtlpngc cnhl g mbed|mtbp8 tfl lclmtpbe} b

tfl qgpnb|} gtbi} {ncc mbil |edlp tfl ne|leml b bpml} pbi tfl btflp gtbi} {ntfne

tfgt }bcnd% Ne tfn} igeelp lelpk~ clqlc} gpl mplgtld ged lclmtpbe} {ncc ilpkl netb lelpk~

`ged} b dn}tnemt lelpk~ clqlc}% Tn} mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl ;%


118/370

@G]NM GTBINM TFLBP^770

Ank|pl ;%1

Ne tfl mbed|mtbp {l ed tfgt tfl bp`nddle kgz n} ebe)lvn}tlet ged tfgt tfl mbed|mtnbe`ged ged tfl qgcleml `ged gmt|gcc~ bqlpcgz bel gebtflp mplgtnek g cgpkl e|i`lp b

lclmtpbe} gqgncg`cl bp mbed|mtnbe% Qlp~ cnttcl lelpk~ n} plw|npld bp mbed|mtnbe tb tghl

zcgml ged {ncc lqle mbed|mt gt tfl }cnkftl}t qgpngtnbe ne tlizlpgt|pl%

Ne tfl ne}|cgtbp {l ed g gnpc~ cgpkl bp`nddle kgz `lt{lle tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged ged

tfl qgcleml `ged ged eb lclmtpbe} gpl b|ed ne tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged% ]neml gcc tfl

lclmtpbe} gpl b|ed ne tfl qgcleml `ged bec~# {fnmf n} tnkftc~ `b|ed tb tfl e|mcl|}# g

cgpkl gib|et b lelpk~# ne tfl plknbe b 1 lQ# n} elldld tb mg|}l ge lclmtpbe tb ibql

pbi tfl qgcleml `ged tb tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged%

Tl tfnpd igtlpngc }fb{e n} tfgt b g }lin)mbed|mtbp ged fg} g gnpc~ egppb{ bp`nddle

kgz ged plw|npl} cl}} lelpk~ bp mbed|mtnbe tb tghl zcgml% Flpl {l fgql tb dnlpletngtl

`lt{lle tfl t{b t~zl} b }lin)mbed|mtbp igtlpngc} mbiibec~ |}ld ne }lin)mbed|mtbp

ige|gmt|pl egilc~# ]ncnmbe &]n. ged Klpigen|i &Kl.% ~znmgc lelpk~ clqlc} plw|npld

tb mg|}l mbed|mtnbe n} :#; lQ bp Klpigen|i ged 7#7> lQ bp ]ncnmbe% ]neml tfn} n}

tlpild g }lin)mbed|mtbp nt n} elntflp g mbed|mtbp ebp ge ne}|cgtbp ged fg} g t~znmgc

pl}n}tgeml b 7: bfi"mi=%

Tl bp`nddle kgz {ncc tflplbpl dltlpinel {fltflp g igtlpngc mge `l tlpild g} g

mbed|mtbp# ne}|cgtbp bp }lin)mbed|mtbp%

Mbed|mtnbe

`ged

Abp`nddle kgz

Qgcleml ged

Mbed|mtnbe

`ged

Abp`nddle kgz

Qgcleml ged

Mbed|mtnbe

`ged

Qgcleml ged

& g . Ne}|cgtbp & . ]lin)mbed|mtbp & m . Mbed|mtbp


119/370


Lvlpmn}l ;%7

7% Egil tfl b|p kpb|z} netb {fnmf igttlp mge `l dnqndld%

0% Dlel tfl bccb{nek tlpi}?

0%7 Ibclm|cl}8 ged

0%0 Ge gtbi%

=% Nednmgtl tfl mfgpkl} tfgt gpl b|ed be tfl zgptnmcl} b ge gtbi%

4% Ge gtbi mbetgne}


120/370

@G]NM GTBINM TFLBP^774


121/370


Cgenek Bbi}


Plzpl}let ge gtbi g} g mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl8

\}l mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl} tb lvzcgne tfl mbemlzt b?

Dbebp dbznek8 ged

Gmmlztbp dbznek%

Mcgpn~ tfl mbemlzt b tfl Alpin)clqlc}8

Lvzcgne |}nek }|ntg`cl }hltmfl} tfl bpigtnbe b g ZE)o|emtnbe8

Lvzcgne tfl zpnemnzcl b dn|}nbe m|pplet ged tfl bpigtnbe b tfl dlzcltnbe cg~lp8

ged

Lvzcgne |}nek }|ntg`cl }hltmfl} tfl bccb{nek mbemlzt} b g ZE)o|emtnbe? Eb `ng}8

Plqlp}l ng}8 ged

Abp{gpd `ng}%

6%7 Nebdnbe

Ne tfl lcd b lclmtpbenm} tflpl gpl t{b igne lclilet} tfgt gpl |}ld ne tfl ige|gmt|pl

b }lin)mbed|mtbp dlqnml} bp mbizbelet} egilc~ ]ncnmbe ged Klpigen|i% Gctfb|kftfl}l t{b lclilet} db ebt fgql tfl }gil gtbinm {lnkft bp e|i`lp b bp`ntnek lclmtpbe

tfl~ db fb{lqlp fgql bel g}zlmt ne mbiibe? tflpl gpl b|p qgcleml lclmtpbe} ne nt}

qgcleml }flcc gctfb|kf tfl bp nt dl}nkegtnbe n} dnlplet%

Ne bpdlp tb |edlp}tged fb{ tfl mbed|mtnbe {ncc tghl zcgml ne }lin)mbed|mtbp dlqnml}

~b| gpl gdqn}ld tb }fgpzle |z be ~b|pl gcplgd~ kgneld heb{cldkl b Gtbinm Tlbp~%

G} tfl egil ]lin)mbed|mtbp }|kkl}t}# nt n} ebt g qlp~ kbbd mbed|mtbp ged }biltfnek

elld} tb l dbel ne bpdlp tb nizpbql be nt} mbed|mtnek mgzg`ncntnl}% Tn} zpbml}} b

nizpbqlilet ne mbed|mtnek mgzg`ncntnl} n} tlpild dbznek `|t mge `l `l}t lvzcgneld `~nd n tf c t & n d ncn . t c c ttn t t

6MFGZTLP

ZEO|emtnbe Tflbp~

ZEO|EmtNBE tflBp~


122/370

771 ZEo|EmtnbE tflbp~

6%0 m}gc cgn }}

[l {ncc bec~ dlgc {ntf tfl t{b ib}t mbiibe }lin)mbed|mtbp ige|gmt|pnek lclilet}

egilc~ Klpigen|i ged ]ncnmbe% ]neml gcc lclilet} gpl lclmtpnmgcc~ el|tpgc {l {ncc bec~

mbe}ndlp tfl qgcleml lclmtpbe} b lgmf lclilet }neml tfl~ fgql tfl }gil e|i`lp bqgcleml lclmtpbe}%

G }nizcnld ncc|}tpgtnbe b tfl mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl b Klpigen|i ged ]ncnmbe

n} dlznmtld ne k|pl 6%7% Tn} ncc|}tpgtnbe n} netlpzpltld g} bccb{}? tfl mnpmcl ne tfl

mletpl plzpl}let} tfl e|mcl|} b tfl gtbi g} {lcc g} tfl lclmtpbe} mbetgneld ne tfl

lclmtpbe} bp`nt} bp }flcc} tfgt fgql tflnp |cc mbizcnilet b lclmtpbe} bp tfb}l }flcc}%

Tl }w|gpl} nednmgtl tfl qgcleml lclmtpbe} ne tfl qgcleml }flcc% Gctfb|kf bec~ b|p

gtbi} gpl nednmgtld flpl ~b| i|}t plgcn}l ged gmmlzt tfgt tflpl gpl ige~ ibpl gtbi}

ne g qlp~ }igcc znlml b Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe% Mbqgclet `bednek {ncc eb{ tghl zcgml

gibek gdobnenek gtbi} gt pgedbi% Tn} t~zl b mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl n} b|ed ne

gcc mp~}tgccnel lclilet}% Klpigen|i ged ]ncnmbe ne nt} z|pl bpi n} gc}b heb{e g}

ge netpne}nm igtlpngc ged g} gcplgd~ iletnbeld dbl} ebt fgql qlp~ kbbd mbed|mtnek

zpbzlptnl}% Ne bpdlp tb nizpbql tfl mbed|mtnek zpbzlptnl} tfl Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe n}

invld {ntf btflp lclilet} ne g ige|gmt|pnek zpbml}} tlpild dbznek%

Ank|pl 6%7

6%= Dbeb dbznek

Bp`ntnek lclmtpbe}

ba ab|p e|mcln

&}gil abp }ncnmbe

ged klpigen|i.


123/370


dbebp dbznek n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%0% Zcgnec~ }gnd# fb{ i|mf niz|pntnl} gpl gddld

tb tfl Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe% Tl niz|pnt~ gddld tb tfl Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe fg} ql

qgcleml lclmtpbe} ne nt} qgcleml }flcc ged n} tflplbpl pllppld tb g} Zletg)qgclet gtbi}%

Zletg) n} tfl Kpllh {bpd bp ql% ~znmgc lclilet} |}ld bp dbebp dbznek nemc|dl?

Getnibe~ Gp}lenm

Zfb}zfbpb|}

Ank|pl 6%0

]neml mbqgclet `bed} gpl bpild ne tfl mp~}tgccnel }tp|mt|pl tfl niz|pntnl} bpi zgpt

b tfn} mbqgclet `bed ged mplgtl ge lvtpg lclmtpbe bp mbed|mtnbe z|pzb}l} bp lgmf

niz|pnt~ gtbi gddld ged {ncc letlp tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged b tfl gtbi g} g pll lclmtpbe%

Dbebp dbznek mplgtl} {fgt n} tlpild ge E)t~zl igtlpngc ged tfn} igtlpngc n} elkgtnqlc~

mfgpkld }neml tfl lclmtpbe e|i`lp fg} nemplg}ld `~ tfl netpbd|mtnbe b tfl niz|pnt~

gtbi}% Tn} igtlpngc n} tflplbpl eb cbeklp ge netpne}nm igtlpngc `|t n} pllppld tb g} gelvtpne}nm igtlpngc% [fgt tfn} zpbml}} fg} eb{ `pb|kft g`b|t n} ge lvtpg bp pll lclmtpbe

{fnmf {ncc mbetpn`|tl tb tfl `lttlp mbed|mtnek zpbzlptnl} b tfl igtlpngc%

6%4 Gzb dbznek

Gmmlztbp dbznek n} g invnek zpbml}} tfgt {ncc klelpgtl g fbcl ne tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged

b tfl gtbi g} {lcc g} mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl% Tl e|i`lp b }|mf fbcl} {ncc dlzled

be tfl lvtlet tb {fnmf tfn} dbznek n} zlpbpild% Zcgnec~ }gnd# fb{ i|mf niz|pntnl} gpl

gddld tb tfl Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe%

Bp`ntnek lclmtpbe}

ba tfpll e|mcln

&}gil abp }ncnmbe

ged klpigen|i.

Lvtpg apll

lclmtpbe

Zletg)qgclet

niz|pnt~ gtbi


124/370


Tl niz|pnt~ gddld tb tfl Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe fg} tfpll qgcleml lclmtpbe} ne nt}

qgcleml }flcc ged n} tflplbpl pllppld tb g} tpn)qgclet gtbi}% pn) n} tfl Kpllh {bpd bp

tfpll% ~znmgc lclilet} |}ld bp gmmlztbp dbznek nemc|dl?

Kgccn|i

@bpbe Gc|inen|i

Tl mbemlzt b gmmlztbp dbznek n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%=%

]neml mbqgclet `bed} gpl bpild ne tfl mp~}tgccnel }tp|mt|pl tfl niz|pntnl} bpi zgpt

b tfn} mbqgclet `bed ged mplgtl g fbcl bp mbed|mtnbe z|pzb}l} bp lgmf niz|pnt~

gtbi gddld ged {ncc letlp tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged b tfl gtbi g} g fbcl% Gmmlztbp dbznek

mplgtl} {fgt n} tlpild g Z)t~zl igtlpngc ged tfn} igtlpngc n} zb}ntnqlc~ mfgpkld }neml tfl

lclmtpbe e|i`lp fg} dlmplg}ld `~ tfl netpbd|mtnbe b tfl niz|pnt~ gtbi}% Tn} igtlpng

n} tflplbpl eb cbeklp ge netpne}nm igtlpngc `|t n} pllppld tb g} ge lvtpne}nm igtlpngc%[fgt tfn} zpbml}} fg} eb{ `pb|kft g`b|t n} g fbcl {fnmf {ncc mbetpn`|tl tb tfl `lttlp

mbed|mtnek zpbzlptnl} b tfl igtlpngc%

Nizbptget tb heb{ n} tfgt gctfb|kf tfl z|pl ]ncnmbe bp Klpigen|i &netpne}nm igtlpngc.

fg} `lle dbzld ne bpdlp tb b`tgne ge E)t~zl igtlpngc bp Z)t~zl igtlpngc &lvtpne}nm

igtlpngc. tfgt tfl dbzld igtlpngc n} }tncc lclmtpnmgcc~ el|tpgc ne tfgt tfl e|i`lp b

lclmtpbe} {ncc }tncc lw|gc tfl e|i`lp b zpbtbe}% B |ptflp nizbptgeml n} tfl gmt tfgt

ne ge E)t~zl igtlpngc mbed|mtnbe n} `~ ilge} b lclmtpbe} g} igobpnt~ mgppnlp ged ne g

Z)t~zl igtlpngc mbed|mtnbe n} `~ ilge} b fbcl} g} igobpnt~ mgppnlp% ]fb|cd g }|ntg`clc ` d f ZE a cc ` d

Ank|pl 6%=

Bp`ntnek lclmtpbe}

ba tfpll e|mcln

&}gil abp }ncnmbe

ged klpigen|i.Tpn)qgclet

niz|pnt~ gtbi

Fbcl


125/370


6%< Ain)cqc}

Beml tfl zpbml}} b dbznek fgql lle gmmbizcn}fld gebtflp netlpl}tnek zflebileg

egilc~ tfl Alpin)clqlc mbil} tb cnkft {fnmf }fb|cd gc}b `l neql}tnkgtld% Nt fg} `lle

iletnbeld tfgt {fle tfl}l igtlpngc} gpl ige|gmt|pld tfgt tfl pll lclmtpbe} g} {lccg} tfl fbcl} netpbd|mld ibql netb tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged% Tn} mbed|mtnbe `ged gc}b fg}

g `ged tlpild tfl qgcleml `ged ged n} b kplgt nizbptgeml% @|t# tfl w|l}tnbe ig~ eb{

gpn}l b {fgt tfn} Alpin)clqlc n}2

6%


126/370

70: ZEo|EmtnbE tflbp~

[l ed tfgt ne ge E)t~zl lvtpne}nm igtlpngc tfgt ibpl lclmtpbe} fgql `lle gddld {fnmf

ighl} tfl igtlpngc elkgtnqlc~ mfgpkld tfgt tflpl n} eb cbeklp g `gcgeml `lt{lle tfl

mbed|mtnbe `ged ged tfl qgcleml `ged% Tlplbpl tfl Alpin)clqlc {ncc ibql mcb}lp tb

tfl mbed|mtnbe `ged% Tn} mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%< &g.% Be tfl btflp fged

{l ed tfl }gil zflebileg {ntf ge lvtpne}nm Z)t~zl igtlpngc {ntf tfl dnlpleml

tfgt ibpl fbcl} fgql `lle mplgtld {fnmf eb{ ighl} tfl igtlpngc zb}ntnqlc~ mfgpkld%

Fb{lqlp# ne tfn} ne}tgeml tfl Alpin)clqlc {ncc ibql mcb}lp tb tfl qgcleml `ged% Tn}mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%< &`.%

6%


127/370


6%1 t ZE)oenbe

6%1%7 t abignbe ba g ZE)oenbe

G ZE)o|emtnbe n} bpild {fle g Z)t~zl igtlpngc ged ge E)t~zl igtlpngc n} obneld

tbkltflp% Tn} obnenek tbkltflp n} ebt ge lclmtpnmgc o|emtnbe `|t n} g o|emtnbe {fnmf

n} gmfnlqld tfpb|kf g ige|gmt|pnek zpbml}}% Ne tfn} igeelp g }nekcl o|emtnbe n}

mplgtld `lt{lle tfl E)t~zl ged tfl Z)t~zl igtlpngc% Lclmtpbe} ged fbcl} gpl |enbpic~

dn}tpn`|tld ne tfl t{b t~zl} b igtlpngc zpbqndld tfl~ fgql `lle dbzld tb tfl }gil

lvtlet% Tn} mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%;%

(

((

(((

((

((

(((

)

)

)))

))

))

)))

)

Z)t~zl

Fbcl}

E)t~zl

Lclmtpbe}

O|emtnbe

Ank|pl 6%;

D|pnek tfl ige|gmt|pnek zpbml}} tfn} lqlec~ dn}tpn`|tnbe b lclmtpbe} ged fbcl} gpl

dn}t|p`ld }neml }bil b tfl}l fbcl} ged lclmtpbe} gpl qlp~ mcb}l tb bel gebtflp ne tfl

niildngtl qnmnent~ b tfl o|emtnbe% Lclmtpbe} pbi tfl E)t~zl igtlpngc eb{ mpb}} tfl

o|emtnbe netb tfl fbcl} ne tfl Z)t~zl igtlpngc ged fbcl} pbi tfl Z)t~zl igtlpngc gc}b

mpb}} tfl o|emtnbe tb{gpd tfl E)t~zl igtlpngc% Tn} egt|pgc zpbml}} n} tlpild dn|}nbe

m|pplet ged ig~ `l dleld g} g zpbml}} {flpl`~ mfgpkl mgppnlp} ne g plknbe b fnkf

dle}nt~ {ncc ibql tb g plknbe b cb{ dle}nt~ |etnc tfl~ gpl lqlec~ `gcgemld% Fb{lqlp#tfn} {ncc bec~ tghl zcgml ne tfl niildngtl qnmnent~ b tfl o|emtnbe% Tn} pl}|ct} ne tfl

mplgtnbe b elkgtnql nbe} be tfl Z)}ndl g} {lcc g} zb}ntnql nbe} be tfl E)}ndl ne tfl

niildngtl qnmnent~ b tfl o|emtnbe% Tn} mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%6%


128/370


Ank|pl 6%6

Tn} ibqlilet b mfgpkl mgppnlp} gmpb}} tfl o|emtnbe clgql} be lntflp }ndl b tfl

o|emtnbe g plknbe {fnmf n} mbizcltlc~ dlzcltld bp qbnd b mfgpkl mgppnlp} ged n} tlpild

tfl dlzcltnbe cg~lp% Nt n} klelpgcc~ gmmlztld tfgt tfn} dlzcltnbe cg~lp n} b lw|gc tfnmhel}}

gpb|ed tfl o|emtnbe zpbqndld tfgt `btf lvtpne}nm igtlpngc} fgql `lle dbzld tb tfl }gi

lvtlet% Tlplbpl# tfl dlzcltnbe cg~lp be tfl E)}ndl {ncc mbe}n}t b dbebp niz|pntnl}

{fnmf fgql cb}t lclmtpbe} ged fgql g zb}ntnql mfgpkl ged tfl dlzcltnbe cg~lp be tfl

Z)}ndl {ncc mbe}n}t b dbebp niz|pntnl} {fnmf fgql cb}t fbcl} ged fgql g elkgtnql mfgpkl

Tn} mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%>%

((((

( ((

(((

((

(

)

)

)))

)

)

))

))

))

) ) ))

)(

(

((

(

Fbcl} ibqld gmpb}} Lclmtpbe} ibqld gmpb}}

O|emtnbe

Z)t~zl

Fbcl}

E)t~zl

Lclmtpbe}

((((

((

((((

))

))

))

))

)))

) ))

)(((

((

O|emtnbe

Z)t~zl

Fbcl}

E)t~zl

Lclmtpbe}

Dlzcltnbe cg~lp

Zb}ntnql mfgpkl

Dbebp niz|pntnl}

Elkgtnql mfgpkl

Ank|pl 6%>

Tl lvzcgegtnbe} dn}m|}}ld g`bql mbe}tnt|tl tfl lfgqnb|p b tfl ZE)o|emtnbe |edlp eb

`ng} mbedntnbe}% @ng} n} g iltfbd gzzcnld tb }lin)mbed|mtbp mbizbelet} tfgt {ncc gccb{

bp nt tb lntflp mbed|mt bp ebt tb mbed|mt%


129/370


6%1%0 pq})`ng}d oenbe

G plqlp}l)`ng}ld o|emtnbe mbedntnbe {ncc ebt gccb{ bp ge~ m|pplet tb ab{ lvmlzt bp

g clghgkl m|pplet {fnmf bp gcc zpgmtnmgc z|pzb}l} ig~ `l nkebpld bp b|p dn}m|}}nbe%

G qbctgkl }b|pml n} mbeelmtld tb tfl ZE)o|emtnbe ne }|mf g igeelp tfgt tfl elkgtnqltlpinegc b tfl }b|pml n} mbeelmtld tb tfl Z)t~zl igtlpngc b tfl o|emtnbe ged tfl

zb}ntnql tlpinegc b tfl }b|pml n} mbeelmtld tb tfl E)t~zl igtlpngc b tfl }b|pml% Tn}

mbemlzt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 6%7:%

Ank|pl 6%7:

\edlp tfl}l plqlp}l)`ng} mbedntnbe} eb m|pplet {ncc l ab{nek bp tfl bccb{nek

plg}be}% Lclmtpbe} pbi tfl E)t~zl igtlpngc {ncc `l gttpgmtld tb tfl zb}ntnql tlpinegc b

tfl }b|pml ged fbcl} pbi tfl Z)t~zl igtlpngc {ncc `l gttpgmtld tb tfl elkgtnql tlpinegc

b tfl }b|pml% Tl pl}|ct n} tfgt tfl dlzcltnbe cg~lp {ncc {ndle g} n} ncc|}tpgtld% Gctfb|kf

nt {g} iletnbeld lgpcnlp tfgt |edlp plqlp}l)`ng} {l fgql g clghgkl m|pplet {fnmf ig~

`l nkebpld nt n} b |tib}t nizbptgeml tfgt tfn} plqlp}l)`ng} ebt lvmlld g knqle qgc|l

}neml tfl o|emtnbe {ncc tfle `l dl}tpb~ld% Ge netlpl}tnek gmt tfgt elld tb `l iletnbeldn} tfgt |edlp plqlp}l)`ng} mbedntnbe} g ZE)o|emtnbe {ncc gmt g} g qgpng`cl mgzgmntbp }neml

tfl t{b dbzld igtlpngc} gpl gmt|gcc~ t{b mbed|mtbp} ged }neml tfl o|emtnbe n} ebt ge

lclmtpnmgc o|emtnbe tfl o|emtnbe {ncc gmt g} g mgzgmntbp ged tfl dn}tgeml `lt{lle tfl t{b

mbed|mtnek igtlpngc} {ncc `l kbqlpeld `~ tfl igkent|dl b tfl plqlp}l `ng}%

6%1%= Ab{gd)`ng}d oenbe

G bp{gpd)`ng}ld o|emtnbe mbedntnbe {ncc gccb{ bp m|pplet tb ab{% G qbctgkl }b|pml n}

mbeelmtld tb tfl ZE)o|emtnbe ne }|mf g igeelp tfgt tfl elkgtnql tlpinegc b tfl }b|pmln t d t tf E t t n c tf o tn d tf ntn t n c tf

((

(((

((

(

) ))

)

)

)

)

)

)

) )

)

)(

(

(

((

O|emtnbe

Z)t~zl

Fbcl}

E)t~zl

Lclmtpbe}

Dlzcltnbe cg~lp

Dlzcltnbe cg~lp

{ndleld

Zb}ntnql zbtletngcElkgtnql zbtletngc


130/370


Gt g knqle zbnet g qbctgkl igkent|dl n} plgmfld {fle tfl}l mfgpkl mgppnlp} gpl g`cl tb

mpb}} tfl o|emtnbe ged tfl lclmtpbe} bpnknegtnek pbi tfl E)t~zl igtlpngc gpl gttpgmtld

`~ tfl zb}ntnql tlpinegc b tfl qbctgkl }b|pml be tfl Z)t~zl igtlpngc ged gt tfl }gil

tnil fbcl} bpnknegtnek pbi tfl Z)t~zl igtlpngc gpl gttpgmtld tb{gpd tfl elkgtnql

tlpinegc b tfl qbctgkl }b|pml be tfl E)t~zl igtlpngc% G} cbek g} tfn} plw|npld }|zzc~

qbctgkl n} ignetgneld g m|pplet {ncc ab{ bp g} cbek g} plw|npld%

Tl knqle zbnet} gt {fnmf mbed|mtnbe {ncc mbiileml gpl dleld g} bccb{}?

Klpigen|i :#= qbct

]ncnmbe :#; qbct

Tl}l qgc|l} gpl tfl gzzpbvnigtl qgc|l} b tfl }|zzc~ qbctgkl tfgt elld tb `l plgmfld

`lbpl ge~ mbed|mtnbe {ncc tghl zcgml%

Ank|pl 6%77

((

(((

((

(

) ))

)

)

)

)

)

)

) )

)

)(

(

(

((

O|emtnbe

Z)t~zl

Fbcl}

E)t~zl

Lclmtpbe}

Dlzcltnbe cg~lp

Dlzcltnbe cg~lp

egppb{ld

Zb}ntnql zbtletngc Elkgtnql zbtletngc


131/370


Lvlpmn}l 6%7

7% Klpigen|i ged ]ncnmbe ig~ `l plzpl}letld ne g mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl%

Ighl |}l b g elgt cg`lccld }hltmf tb ncc|}tpgtl tfn} }tgtlilet%

0% Ighl |}l b t{b elgt cg`lccld mp~}tgc cgttnml }tp|mt|pl }hltmfl} ged lvzcgne

tfl mbemlzt b?

0%7 Dbebp dbznek8 ged

0%0 Gmmlztbp dbznek%

=% Dnlpletngtl `lt{lle ge netpne}nm) ged lvtpne}nm igtlpngc%

4% Dlael tfl Alpin)clqlc ged tfle nednmgtl ~ ilge} b elgt cg`lccld }hltmfl}

tfl zcgmlilet b tfl Alpin)clqlc ne?4%7 Ge netpne}nm igtlpngc8

4%0 Ge lvtpne}nm E)t~zl igtlpngc8

4%= Ge lvtpne}nm Z)t~zl igtlpngc8 ged

4%4 G ZE)o|emtnbe%


132/370



133/370


Cgnk Bb}


Knql tfl NLM mnpm|nt }~i`bc ged g }|ntg`cl dlentnbe b g dnbdl8

Dn}m|}} tfl bzlpgtnbe b g dnbdl {ntf tfl gnd b g mfgpgmtlpn}tnm m|pql8

Iletnbe tfl `g}nm pgtnek gmtbp} bp dnbdl}8

Lvzcgne tfl lclmtpnmgc mfgpgmtlpn}tnm} b g dnbdl {ntf tfl gnd b g }zlmnmgtnbe }fllt8

Knql tfl igtfligtnmgc lvzpl}}nbe bp g dnbdl ged lvzcgne tfl ilgenek b lgmf

}~i`bc8

Db mgcm|cgtnbe} ged dlpnql mbemc|}nbe} |}nek tfl }tgedgpd lvzpl}}nbe g} {lcc g}

dlpnqgtnql} tflplb8

Knql tfl igtfligtnmgc lvzpl}}nbe bp tfl bp{gpd pl}n}tgeml g dnbdl ged lvzcgne tfilgenek b lgmf }~i`bc8

Db mgcm|cgtnbe} ged dlpnql mbemc|}nbe} |}nek tfl }tgedgpd lvzpl}}nbe g} {lcc g}

dlpnqgtnql} tflplb8

Lvzcgne ged dpg{ g kpgzfnmgc plzpl}letgtnbe b tfl dnbdl cbgdcnel8 ged

Lvzcgne tfl mbemlzt b g }lpnl} cnintnek pl}n}tbp {fle |}nek dnbdl}%

>%7 Nbnb

>MFGZTLP

]lin)mbed|mtbp Dnbdl}

]liN)mBed|mtBp dNBdl]

Tlplbpl# }fb|cd g dnbdl `l bp{gpd)`ng}ld nt {ncc gmt g} g mbed|mtbp ged {fle nt n}

plqlp}l)`ng}ld nt {ncc gmt g} ge ne}|cgtbp &ebe)mbed|mtbp.

Dlaentnbe >%7 DnbdlG dnbdl ig~ `l dleld g }nekcl ZE)o|emtnbe t{b tlpinegc dlqnml {fnmf {ncc blp g

cb{ pl}n}tgeml {fle bp{gpd)`ng}ld ged g fnkf pl}n}tgeml {fle plqlp}l)`ng}ld%


134/370

]lin)mbed|mtbp dnbdl]706

>%0 tf nb g fggn}n q

Tl NLM mnpm|nt }~i`bc ged mfgpgmtlpn}tnm m|pql bp g dnbdl n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl >%7 &g

ged &`.%

B|p p}t pllpleml {ncc `l tb k|pl >%7 &g.% Tl gebdl n} gc{g~} ige|gmt|pld pbi g

Z)t~zl igtlpngc ged tfl mgtfbdl pbi ge E)t~zl igtlpngc% Tl lclmtpbe b{ tfpb|kf

tfl dnbdl n} gc{g~} gkgne}t tfl gppb{ flgd nednmgtld `~ tfl mnpm|nt }~i`bc ged bp }|mf

lclmtpbe b{ &m|pplet b{. tb tghl zcgml tfl gebdl i|}t gc{g~} `l zb}ntnql {ntf pl}zlm

tb tfl mgtfbdl% Tn} dbl} ebt elml}}gpnc~ ilge tfgt tfl gebdl i|}t fgql g zb}ntnql

zbtletngc }|zzcnld tb nt% Plili`lp tfgt ine|} 7: qbct n} ibpl zb}ntnql tfge ine|} =:

qbct% Tl mfgpgmtlpn}tnm m|pql ne k|pl >%7 &`. n} t~znmgc b g dnbdl ged {ncc dl}mpn`l nt}

bzlpgtnbe% Tl m|pql fg} t{b dn}tnemt gplg} ne {fnmf nt bzlpgtl} ged tfl}l t{b gplg}

fgql gebtflp t{b zbnet} {fnmf gpl qlp~ }nkenmget% Gplg G be tfl m|pql mbe}tnt|tl} tfl

bp{gpd `ng} gplg b tfl dlqnml ged nt n} ne tfn} gplg tfgt g dnbdl n} ebpigcc~ bzlpgtld%

]fb|cd g dnbdl eb{ `l mbpplmtc~ bp{gpd)`ng}ld tfle m|pplet {ncc b{ pllc~ bp g}

cbek g} tfn} bp{gpd)`ng} n} ignetgneld% Zbnet @ {fnmf n} gc}b ne tfl bp{gpd)`ng}

gplg n} tlpild tfl bp{gpd `plgh bqlp zbnet ged nt n} gt tfn} zbnet tfgt tfl dnbdl }tgpt}

mbed|mtnek pllc~% Tn} zbnet dnlp} lt{lle Klpigen|i ged ]ncnmbe dnbdl} ged n}

ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl >%0 ged fg} tfl bccb{nek gzzpbvnigtl qgc|l} ged bec~ tfl bp{gpd

mfgpgmtlpn}tnm} gpl nednmgtld ne bpdlp tb dnlpletngtl `lt{lle tfl t{b t~zl} b dnbdl}?

Klpigen|i :#= qbct

]ncnmbe :#1 qbct

Tn} qgc|l gc}b nednmgtl} tfl qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl dnbdl d|pnek mbed|mtnbe%

Gebdl &Z)t~zl.

Mgtfbdl &E)t~zl.

Lclmtpbe ibtnbe

& g .

G

Abp{gpd `ng} gplg

D

Plqlp}l `ng} gplg

@M

N

) N

) Q Q

NA

QP

QA

NP


135/370


Zbnet M &k|pl >%7 &`. n} zpb`g`c~ tfl ib}t nizbptget zbnet be tfl mfgpgmtlpn}tnm m|pql

ged gc}b gcc} ne tfl plqlp}l)`ng} gplg b tfl dnbdl ged n} tlpild tfl plqlp}l `plgh db{e

zbnet bp tfl zlgh)neqlp}l)qbctgkl zbnet ged tfn} zbnet n} }zlmnld `~ tfl ige|gmt|plp

ged {ncc dnlp `lt{lle dnbdl}% ]fb|cd tfn} zbnet `l plgmfld tfl dnbdl {ncc `l dl}tpb~ld

Gplg D &k|pl >%7 &`. be tfl m|pql mbe}tnt|tl} tfl plqlp}l)`ng} gplg b tfl dlqnml gedtfl dnbdl n} ebpigcc~ ebt bzlpgtld ne tfn} gplg% ]fb|cd g dnbdl `l plqlp}l)`ng}ld eb

m|pplet {ncc b{ lvmlzt g }igcc plqlp}l m|pplet {fnmf ig~ `l nkebpld%

Ank|pl >%0

>%= @g}n gnk agb} ba g nb

Pgtnek gmtbp} {ncc g}}n}t d|pnek tfl dl}nke zfg}l b mnpm|nt} }b tfgt plcng`cl g} {lcc g}

}gtn}gmtbp~ bzlpgtnbe mge l g}}|pld%

Pgekl Pgtnek

Cb{ m|pplet \z tb 4> gizlpl

Ildn|i m|pplet > gizlpl

Fnkf m|pplet 0:: gizlpl ged fnkflp

Gcc tfl}l pgtnek gpl }|zzcnld ne tfl ige|gmt|plp} }zlmnmgtnbe }fllt} ged gpl `g}ld be

tfl g`}bc|tl igvni|i pgtnek {fnmf i|}t elqlp `l lvmlldld%

>%4 lcngc fggn}n} ba g nb

Tl lclmtpnmgc mfgpgmtlpn}tnm} b g dnbdl gpl g}ld be tfl g`}bc|tl igvni|i pgtnek }~}tli

ged zpbqndl nebpigtnbe zlptgnenek tb tfl igvni|i qgc|l} tfgt ig~ ebt `l lvmlldld

Klpigen|i ]ncnmbe

N &iG.

Q

7 0

7:

0:

W)zbnet

W)zbnet


136/370

]lin)mbed|mtbp dnbdl]7=:

Zlgh plqlp}l qbctgkl &QPI

.

Gc}b tlpild tfl zlgh)neqlp}l)qbctgkl &ZNQ. ged n} tfl igvni|i zlpin}}n`cl

plqlp}l qbctgkl tfgt ig~ `l gzzcnld gmpb}} tfl dnbdl galp {fnmf nt {ncc `l dl}tpb~ld

Plqlp}l plghdb{e qbctgkl &Q@P

.

Tn} n} tfl ineni|i qbctgkl tfgt ig~ `l gzzcnld gmpb}} tfl dnbdl `lbpl nt {ncc`plgh db{e%

]tlgd~)}tgtl bp{gpd m|pplet &A bp NB

.

Tn} }zlmnl} tfl igvni|i m|pplet tfgt ig~ `l zg}}ld tfpb|kf tfl dnbdl |edlp

ebpigc bp{gpd `ng} mbedntnbe}%

Zlgh }|pkl m|pplet &NAI &]\PKL.

.

Tn} n} tfl igvni|i }zlmnld m|pplet {fnmf ig~ zg}} tfpb|kf tfl dnbdl bp g

}zlmnld tnil ged n} fnkflp tfge tfl }zlmnld }tlgd~ }tgtl bp{gpd m|pplet ged {nc

bmm|p gt }{ntmf)be bp }fbpt mnpm|nt mbedntnbe}%

]tgtnm plqlp}l m|pplet &NP.Tn} n} tfl plqlp}l }gt|pgtnbe m|pplet bp g }zlmnld plqlp}l `ng} qbctgkl%

]tgtnm bp{gpd qbctgkl dpbz &QA.

Tn} n} tfl qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl dnbdl bp g knqle }tlgd~)}tgtl bp{gpd m|pplet%

Mbetne|b|} zb{lp dn}}nzgtnbe &Z.

Tn} n} tfl igvni|i zb{lp tfgt tfl dnbdl ig~ dn}}nzgtl be g mbetne|b|} `g}n} gt g

tlizlpgt|pl bp 0%< tf nb wgnb

Tl lclmtpnmgc mfgpgmtlpn}tnm} b g dnbdl {lpl knqle ne >%4 ged }bil b tfl}l ig~ `l

plzpl}letld ~ tfl bccb{nek igtfligtnmgc lvzpl}}nbe tlpild tfl dnbdl lw|gtnbe?

n 9 N] &lwQ " H

. 7 {flpl n 9 bp{gpd m|pplet ne gizlplN]

9 plqlp}l }gt|pgtnbe m|pplet ne gizlpl

w 9 lclmtpbe mfgpkl 9 7# 1 7:)7> mb|cbi`

Q 9 zbtletngc dnlpleml gmpb}} tfl dnbdl ne qbct

H 9 @bctigee} mbe}tget 9 7# =6 7:)0= O"H

9 tlizlpgt|pl ne Hlcqne

Nt i|}t `l ebtld tfgt Hlcqne n} tlpild g`}bc|tl tlizlpgt|pl ged n} b`tgneld ne tfl

bccb{nek igeelp?

H 0;= M


137/370


lvgzc >%7

Mbeqlpt tfl bccb{nek tlizlpgt|pl} tb Hlcqne%

&g. 06 M

&`. 00 M

&m. =1 M

]bc|tnbe?

&g. H 9 0;= ( M

9 0;= ( 06

9 =:7 Hlcqne

&`. H 9 0;= ( M

9 0;= ( 00

9 0>< Hlcqne

&m. H 9 0;= ( M

9 0;= ( =1

9 =:> Hlcqne

lvgzc >%0

Dltlpinel tfl bp{gpd m|pplet bp g dnbdl gt 06 M }fb|cd tfl dnbdl fgql g :#

:= qbct} zbtletngc dnlpleml gmpb}} nt ged g plqlp}l }gt|pgtnbe m|pplet b

:# < )gizlpl%

]bc|tnbe?

n 9 N]&l wQ " H. )7

9 :# < 7:)1 l&7#1 7:)7> :#:= " 7#=6 7:)0= =:7. ) 7

9 7#:66 )gizlpl


138/370

]lin)mbed|mtbp dnbdl]7=0

lvgzc >%=

Dltlpinel tfl plqlp}l }gt|pgtnbe m|pplet bp g plmtnlp dnbdl knqle tfl

bccb{nek dgtg?

Zbtletngc dnlpleml gmpb}} dnbdl 9 :# 0< qbct

lizlpgt|pl 9 7; M

Abp{gpd m|pplet 9 40#1 i)gizlpl

]bc|tnbe?

n 9 N]&l wQ " H. )7

n

N]

9l wQ " H ) 7

40#1 7:)19

&7#1 7:)7> :#0< " 7#=6 7:)0= 0>:.)7

l

9 7#>44 )gizlpl

lvgzc >%4

G }ncnmbe dnbdl zpbd|ml} g bp{gpd m|pplet b 1 i)gizlpl ged g plqlp}l

}gt|pgtnbe m|pplet b 07 )gizlpl% Dltlpinel tfl qbctgkl gmpb}} tfl o|emtnbe

gt g tlizlpgt|pl b 0< M%

]bc|tnbe?

n 9 N]&l wQ " H. )7

Q 9 H ce n ) 7

w

N]

7#=6 7:)0= 0>6

1 7:)=

97#1 7:)7>

v Ne07 7:)1

) 7

9 77>#14< i)qbct


139/370


lvgzc >% mb|cbi`

lvgzc >%1

G plmtnlp dnbdl fg} g m|pplet b =:: i)gizlpl ab{nek tfpb|kf nt gt g

tlizlpgt|pl b 01M% Dltlpinel tfl bp{gpd pl}n}tgeml b tfn} dnbdl%


140/370


]bc|tnbe?

P 9H

w n

7#=6 7:)0= 0>>

97#1 7:)7> =:: 7:)=

9 :#:6 bfi}

lvgzc >%;

G plmtnlp dnbdl fg} g bp{gpd pl}n}tgeml b :#7:= bfi gt g tlizlpgt|pl b

0>

9 7#1 7:)7> :#7:=

9 04>#%6

Gt {fgt tlizlpgt|pl ne M {ncc g dnbdl bzlpgtl }fb|cd nt fgql g bp{gpd

pl}n}tgeml b 7#406 bfi ged gccb{} g bp{gpd m|pplet b 76 i)gizlpl tb ab{

tfpb|kf nt2

]bc|tnbe?

P 9H

w n

9w n P

H

7#1 7:)7> 76 7:)= 7#406

97#=6 7:)0=

c


141/370


>%; tf nb cbg)cn

Tl cbgd)cnel bp g dnbdl n} b`tgneld `~ mbe}ndlpnek tfl igvni|i qgc|l} b bp{gpd

m|pplet ged tfl igvni|i qgc|l b tfl bp{gpd `ng} bp g zgptnm|cgp plmtnlp dnbdl%

Tn} cbgd)cnel n} tfle dpg{e be tfl bp{gpd mfgpgmtlpn}tnm b g klpigen|i bp }ncnmbe

dnbdl ged tfl zbnet {flpl tfl}l t{b netlp}lmt bel gebtflp n} tlpild tfl W)zbnet bp

bzlpgtnek zbnet% ]fb|cd {l g}}|il g 0 qbct bp{gpd `ng} ged g igvni|i bp{gpd

m|pplet b 0: i)gizlpl tfle tfl cbgdcnel {ncc `l g} nednmgtld `~ tfl kpgzfnm

plzpl}letgtnbe ne k|pl >%=%

]neml tfl cbgdcnel n} gc{g~} mbe}tp|mtld |}nek tfl igvni|i zgpgiltlp} b tfl dnbdl nt

{ncc `l plw|npld tb cnint ged zpbtlmt tfl dnbdl `~ |}nek g }lpnl} pl}n}tbp {ntf tfl dnbdl

ne bpdlp tb cnint tfl m|pplet tb ge gmmlztg`cl clqlc% Tl plg}be bp tfn} n} tfgt tfl dnbdl

}fb|cd elqlp `l bzlpgtld gt nt} igvni|i qgc|l }neml nt {ncc pld|ml tfl cnl lvzlmtgem~

b tfl dnbdl% Tl elt{bph ne k|pl >%4 ncc|}tpgtl} tfn} mbemlzt%

Tl qgc|l b tfl cnintnek pl}n}tbp P]

n} igtfligtnmgcc~ knqle `~?

P]

9Q] ) QDA

NDA

{flpl P]

9 qgc|l b }lpnl} cnintnek pl}n}tbp ne bfi

Q]

9 bp{gpd `ng} qbctgkl ne qbct

QDA

9 bp{gpd qbctgkl qgc|l b dnbdl ne qbct

NDA

9 igvni|i bp{gpd qgc|l b dnbdl m|pplet ne gizlpl

Klpigen|i ]ncnmbe

N &iG.

Q

7 0

7:

0:

W)zbnet

W)zbnet


142/370


Lvlpmn}l >%7

7% G dnbdl ig~ `l `l}t dl}mpn`ld `~ nt} mfgpgmtlpn}tnm m|pql% Tn} m|pql

dlel} b|p dn}tnemt gplg} bp zbnet}% Knql }|mf g mfgpgmtlpn}tnm m|pql#

nednmgtl tfl}l dn}tnemt gplg} ged tfle dl}mpn`l ne dltgnc tfl l}}leml b

tfl}l gplg}%

0% g`|cgtl tfl pgekl g} {lcc g} pgtnek mbiibec~ |}ld bp dnbdl}%

P]

QDA

D

QP

Q]

Ank|pl >%4

lvgzc >%>

]ncnmbe g} {lcc g} g Klpigen|i dnbdl elld} tb `l zpbtlmtld `~ g }lpnl} cnintnek

pl}n}tbp% Tl bp{gpd `ng} qbctgkl fg} g qgc|l b = qbct ged tfl igvni|i

bp{gpd m|pplet bp `btf t~zl} b dnbdl} n} 6


143/370


=% Mcgpn~ tfl bccb{nek lclmtpnmgc mfgpgmtlpn}tnm g``plqngtnbe} b g dnbdl ged

tfle gc}b knql g `pnl dl}mpnztnbe b lgmf bel?

=%7 QPI8=%0 Q

@P8

=%= NB

bp NA8

=%4 NAI &]\PKL.

8

=%< NP8

=%1 QA8

=%; Z8 ged

=%6 tpp%

4% Knql tfl lvzpl}}nbe bp g dnbdl ged lvzcgne tfl ilgenek b lgmf }~i`bc|}ld ne tfl lvzpl}}nbe%


144/370


6% Lvzcgne fb{ ~b| {b|cd dpg{ tfl cbgdcnel bp dnbdl knqle tfl bccb{nek

qgc|l}%

bp{gpd ng} 9 = qbct igvni|i bp{gpd m|pplet 9 7< i)gizlpl

Dpg{ ~b|p b{e bp{gpd mfgpgmtlpn}tnm bp g dnbdl ged tfle nednmgtl mclgpc~

tfl W)zbnet be ~b|p mfgpgmtlpn}tnm%

>% Lvzcgne |}nek g }|ntg`cl elt{bph dngkpgi tfl nizbptgeml b g }lpnl}

cnintnek pl}n}tbp |}ld ne mbeo|emtnbe {ntf g dnbdl%

7:% Knql tfl lvzpl}}nbe bp g }lpnl} cnintnek pl}n}tbp b g dnbdl ged lvzcgne tfl

ilgenek b lgmf }~i`bc |}ld ne tfl lvzpl}}nbe%

77% Tl bccb{nek dgtg mbemlpenek g dnbdl n} knqle?

bp{gpd `ng} qbctgkl 9 1#0 qbct

bp{gpd m|pplet bp Kl dnbdl 9 04 i)gizlpl

bp{gpd m|pplet bp ]n dnbdl 9 =: i)gizlpl

Dltlpinel g }|ntg`cl qgc|l bp g }lpnl} cnintnek pl}n}tbp bp g?

77%7 ]ncnmbe dnbdl8 ged

77%0 Klpigen|i dnbdl%


145/370


Cgpnk B|bi


Lvzcgne |}nek }|ntg`cl mnpm|nt dngkpgi} g} {lcc g} nez|t ged b|tz|t {gqlbpi} tflgzzcnmgtnbe b g dnbdl ne? ]lpnl} mcnzzlp}8 ged Zgpgcclc mcnzzlp}%

Lvzcgne |}nek }|ntg`cl mnpm|nt dngkpgi}# mgcm|cgtnbe} g} {lcc g} nez|t ged b|tz|t{gqlbpi} tfl gzzcnmgtnbe b g dnbdl ne? Fgc){gql plmtnmgtnbe ged ctlp} &M# PM ged CM.8 A|cc){gql plmtnmgtnbe &t{b dnbdl}. ged ctlp} &M# PM ged CM.8 ged

A|cc){gql plmtnmgtnbe & pndkl mnpm|nt ) b|p dnbdl}. ged ctlp} &M# PM ged CM.% Lvzcgne |}nek }|ntg`cl mnpm|nt dngkpgi} tfl gzzcnmgtnbe b g dnbdl ne?

A|cc){gql qbctgkl db|`cnek mnpm|nt}8 ged Btflp qbctgkl i|ctnzcnmgtnbe mnpm|nt}%

Lvzcgne tfl mbemlzt ged db mgcm|cgtnbe} b tfl bccb{nek dnbdl plmtnlp mbemlzt}? pge}bpilp pgtnb8 Gqlpgkl dm qbctgkl8 Pnzzcl qbctgkl8 Pnzzcl gmtbp8 ged

Zlgh)neqlp}l)qbctgkl &ZNQ. pgtnek}%

7:%7 Npbd|nb

Dnbdl} fgql ige~ gzzcnmgtnbe} ged ne tfn} ibd|cl {l {ncc mbqlp tfl ib}t mbiibegzzcnmgtnbe}% Nt n} fb{lqlp qlp~ nizbptget tfgt ~b| i|}t |edlp}tged tfl zpnemnzcl bbzlpgtnbe b g dnbdl g} {g} dn}m|}}ld ne tfl zlpqnb|} ibd|cl btflp{n}l tfl mbemlzt}tfgt {ncc `l dn}m|}}ld ne tfn} ibd|cl {ncc `l |tncl%

7:MFGZTLP

Dnbdl Gzzcnmgtnbe}

DNBDl GzzCNmGtNBe}


146/370

DnbDl} GZZCnMGTnbE}74:

7:%0 Gcngnb ba dnbd

7:%0%7 mcnp

Tl tlpi mcnzzlp n} |}ld tb plzpl}let g dnbdl)pl}n}tbp mnpm|nt bp elt{bph {fnmf {nccmfgekl bp }lzgpgtl g knqle {gqlbpi netb t{b mbizbelet} bp zgpt} ged ig~ `lnetlpmfgekld {ntf tfl tlpi cnintlp% Tl}l tlpi} gpl netlpmfgeklg`cl }neml nt {ncc dlzledbe tfl zbnet {flpl tfl b|tz|t n} tghle pbi% G} g p|cl b tf|i` g cnintlp n} pllppld tbg} g mnpm|nt {fb}l b|tz|t n} `lcb{ g mlptgne qgc|l {flplg} g mcnzzlp pllp} tb g mnpm|nt{fb}l b|tz|t n} gc{g~} g`bql g mlptgne qgc|l% Ne tfn} ibd|cl {l {ncc bec~ pllp tbmcnzzlp} g} nt n} ib}t mbiibec~ pllppld tb ged tfl}l mcnzzlp} gpl dnqndld netb }lpnl} gezgpgcclc mcnzzlp}%

7:%0%7%7 }pn cnp

G }lpnl} mcnzzlp ig~ `l dl}mpn`ld g} g mnpm|nt bp elt{bph tfgt {ncc plibql bp mcnz belfgc b tfl nez|t }nkegc ged gpl dnqndld netb t{b igne kpb|z}%

G elkgtnql }lpnl} mcnzzlp n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%7 &g.# tfl nez|t {gqlbpi n} ncc|}tpgtlne k|pl 7:%7 &`. ged tfl b|tz|t {gqlbpi n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%7 &m.%

G zb}ntnql }lpnl} mcnzzlp n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%0 &g.# tfl nez|t {gqlbpi n} ncc|}tpgtldne k|pl 7:%0 &`. ged tfl b|tz|t {gqlbpi n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%0 &m.%

Elkgtnql}lpnl}mcnzzlp

Ank|pl 7:%7

P

D

Nez|t B|tz|t

)

(t

)

(t

& g .

& m .& ` .


147/370


Tfl mnpm|nt n} }b mbe}tp|mtld tfgt tfl dnbdl D n} mbeelmtld ne }lpnl} {ntf tfl pl}n}tbpP ged tfgt tfl b|tz|t n} tghle gmpb}} tfl pl}n}tbp P% Tl nez|t qbctgkl qgpnl} mletpgcc~gpb|ed tfl lpb qbct cnel ged fg} lw|gc zb}ntnql ged elkgtnql qgc|l}% D|pnek tfl zb}ntnqfgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D n} bp{gpd)`ng}ld ged {ncc mbed|mt zpbd|mnek g m|pplet

tb b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P mg|}nek g qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl pl}n}tbp P% D|pnek tflelkgtnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D `lmbil} plqlp}l)`ng}ld ged dbl} ebt mbed|mtged eb m|pplet mge b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P% ]neml eb m|pplet mge b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbpP d|pnek tfl elkgtnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl tflpl mge `l eb qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} pl}n}tbpP ged eb b|tz|t mge `l b`tgneld% Ne tfn} g}fnbe tfl elkgtnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl n}plibqld%

Eb{# }fb|cd tfl nez|t qbctgkl fgql g igkent|dl b Q] tfle tfl b|tz|t qbctgkl {ncc fgqlg igkent|dl b QB 9 Q] ) QA {flpl QA n} lw|gc tb tfl bp{gpd qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl

dnbdl d|pnek tfl mbed|mtnbe m~mcl% Tl b|tz|t qbctgkl {ncc tflplbpl `l }cnkftc~ cl}}tfge tfl nez|t qbctgkl% Gmmb|et i|}t `l tghle b tfl t~zl b dnbdl |}ld# Klpigen|ibp ]ncnmbe ne bpdlp tb dltlpinel tfl qgc|l tfgt elld} tb `l }|`tpgmtld% Ebtl gkgne tfgttfl}l qgc|l} gpl :#= qbct bp Klpigen|i ged :#1 qbct bp ]ncnmbe%

Zb}ntnql}lpnl}mcnzzlp

Tl mnpm|nt n} }b mbe}tp|mtld tfgt tfl dnbdl D n} gkgne mbeelmtld ne }lpnl} {ntf tflpl}n}tbp P ged tfgt tfl b|tz|t n} gkgne tghle gmpb}} tfl pl}n}tbp P% Tl nez|t qbctgkl

qgpnl} mletpgcc~ gpb|ed tfl lpb qbct cnel ged fg} lw|gc zb}ntnql ged elkgtnql qgc|l}%

D|pnek tfl zb}ntnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D n} plqlp}l)`ng}ld ged {ncc ebtmbed|mt zpbd|mnek eb m|pplet tb b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P mg|}nek eb qbctgkl dpbzgmpb}} tfl pl}n}tbp P% D|pnek tfl elkgtnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D `lmbil}bp{gpd)`ng}ld ged mbed|mt} ged g m|pplet mge b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P% ]neml ebm|pplet mge b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P d|pnek tfl zb}ntnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl tflpl mge`l eb qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} pl}n}tbp P ged eb b|tz|t mge `l b`tgneld% Ne tfn} g}fnbe tflzb}ntnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl n} plibqld%

P

D

Nez|t B|tz|t

)(

t)(

t

& g .


148/370

DnbDl} GZZCnMGTnbE}740

Fb{lqlp# {l eb{ ed tfgt }fb|cd tfl nez|t qbctgkl fgql g igkent|dl b Q] tfletfl b|tz|t qbctgkl {ncc fgql g igkent|dl b QB 9 ) XQ] ) QAY {flpl QA n} lw|gc tb tflbp{gpd qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl dnbdl d|pnek tfl mbed|mtnbe m~mcl% Tl b|tz|t qbctgkl{ncc tflplbpl `l }cnkftc~ cl}} tfge tfl nez|t qbctgkl% Gmmb|et i|}t `l tghle b tfl t~zl

b dnbdl |}ld# Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe ne bpdlp tb dltlpinel tfl qgc|l tfgt elld} tb `l}|`tpgmtld% Ebtl gkgne tfgt tfl}l qgc|l} gpl :#= qbct bp Klpigen|i ged :#1 qbct bp]ncnmbe% Ge netlpl}tnek b`}lpqgtnbe mbemlpenek }lpnl} mcnzzlp}# zb}ntnql bp elkgtnql# n}tfgt tfl b|tz|t {ncc gc{g~} mbe}n}t b tfgt zgpt b tfl nez|t m~mcl d|pnek {fnmf tfl dnbdlmbed|mt}%

7:%0%7%0 zgpgccc cnp

G zgpgcclc mcnzzlp ig~ gc}b `l dl}mpn`ld g} g mnpm|nt bp elt{bph tfgt {ncc plibql bp mcnz

bel fgc b tfl nez|t }nkegc ged gpl dnqndld netb t{b igne kpb|z}%

G elkgtnql zgpgcclc mcnzzlp n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%= &g.# tfl nez|t {gqlbpi n}ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%= &`. ged tfl b|tz|t {gqlbpi n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%= &m.%

G zb}ntnql zgpgcclc mcnzzlp n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%4 &g.# tfl nez|t {gqlbpi n}ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%4 &`. ged tfl b|tz|t {gqlbpi n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%4 &m.% Nt}fb|cd `l ebtld tfgt zgpgcclc mcnzzlp} gpl gc}b pllppld tb g} }f|et mcnzzlp}%

Elkgtnqlzgpgcclcmcnzzlp

Tl mnpm|nt n} }b mbe}tp|mtld tfgt tfl dnbdl D n} gkgne mbeelmtld ne }lpnl} {ntf tflpl}n}tbp P `|t tfgt tfl b|tz|t n} eb{ tghle gmpb}} tfl dnbdl D% Tl nez|t qbctgkl qgpnl}mletpgcc~ gpb|ed tfl lpb qbct cnel ged fg} lw|gc zb}ntnql ged elkgtnql qgc|l}% D|pnektfl zb}ntnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D n} plqlp}l)`ng}ld ged {ncc ebt mbed|mtzpbd|mnek eb m|pplet tb b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P mg|}nek eb qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tflpl}n}tbp P% @|t# dnbdl D n} ne zgpgcclc {ntf tfl nez|t ged {ncc gzzlgp g} }|mf gmpb}} tflb|tz|t% D|pnek tfl elkgtnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D `lmbil} bp{gpd)`ng}ld gembed|mt} ged m|pplet mge b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P% @|t g }fbpt mnpm|nt n} zpbd|mld {flednbdl D mbed|mt} ged eb b|tz|t n} b`tgneld% Ne tfn} g}fnbe tfl elkgtnql fgc b tflnez|t m~mcl n} plibqld% [l {ncc eb{ ed tfgt }fb|cd tfl nez|t qbctgkl fgql g igkent|db Q] tfle tfl b|tz|t qbctgkl {ncc fgql g igkent|dl b QB 9 XQ] ) &NB P.Y {flpl NB n}lw|gc tb tfl b|tz|t m|pplet% Tl b|tz|t qbctgkl {ncc tflplbpl `l }cnkftc~ cl}} tfge tflnez|t qbctgkl%

Gmmb|et i|}t `l tghle b tfl t~zl b dnbdl |}ld# Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe ne bpdlp tbdltlpinel tfl qgc|l tfgt elld} tb `l }|`tpgmtld% Ebtl gkgne tfgt tfl}l qgc|l} gpl :#=

qbct bp Klpigen|i ged :#1 qbct bp ]ncnmbe% Ebtl tfgt d|pnek tfl elkgtnql fgc b tflnez|t m~mcl g }igcc b|tz|t n} b`tgneld ged tfgt {ncc `l lw|gc tb tfl bp{gpd qbctgkl b


149/370


)

(t

)

(t

& m .& ` .

P

DNez|t B|tz|t

& g .

QA

NB

Ank|pl 7:%=

Zb}ntnqlzgpgcclcmcnzzlp

Tl mnpm|nt n} }b mbe}tp|mtld tfgt tfl dnbdl D n} gkgne mbeelmtld ne }lpnl} {ntf tflpl}n}tbp P `|t tfgt tfl b|tz|t n} eb{ tghle gmpb}} tfl dnbdl D% Tl nez|t qbctgkl

qgpnl} mletpgcc~ gpb|ed tfl lpb qbct cnel ged fg} lw|gc zb}ntnql ged elkgtnql qgc|l}%D|pnek tfl zb}ntnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D n} bp{gpd)`ng}ld ged {ncc mbed|mtzpbd|mnek m|pplet tb b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P mg|}nek g qbctgkl dpbz gmpb}} tfl pl}n}tbpP% @|t# dnbdl D n} ne zgpgcclc {ntf tfl nez|t ged eb b|tz|t {ncc gzzlgp gmpb}} tfl b|tz|t

D|pnek tfl elkgtnql fgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl dnbdl D `lmbil} plqlp}ld)`ng}ld ged {nccebt mbed|mt ged eb m|pplet mge b{ tfpb|kf pl}n}tbp P% @|t ge bzle mnpm|nt n} zpbd|ml{fle dnbdl D dbl} ebt mbed|mt ged ge b|tz|t n} b`tgneld% Ne tfn} g}fnbe tfl zb}ntnqlfgc b tfl nez|t m~mcl n} plibqld%

[l {ncc eb{ ed tfgt }fb|cd tfl nez|t qbctgkl fgql g igkent|dl b Q] tfle tfl b|tz|tqbctgkl {ncc fgql g igkent|dl b QB 9 ) XQ] &NB P.Y {flpl NB n} lw|gc tb tfl b|tz|tm|pplet% Tl b|tz|t qbctgkl {ncc tflplbpl l }cnkftc~ cl}} tfge tfl nez|t qbctgkl% Gmmb|ei|}t `l tghle b tfl t~zl b dnbdl |}ld# Klpigen|i bp ]ncnmbe ne bpdlp tb dltlpinel

tfl qgc|l tfgt elld} tb `l }|`tpgmtld% Ebtl gkgne tfgt tfl}l qgc|l} gpl :#= qbct bpKlpigen|i ged :#1 qbct bp ]ncnmbe% Ebtl tfgt d|pnek tfl zb}ntnql fgc b tfl nez|tm~mcl g }igcc b|tz|t n} b`tgneld ged tfgt {ncc `l lw|gc tb tfl bp{gpd qbctgkl b tfldnbdl }neml nt {ncc bec~ `lmbil g }fbpt mnpm|nt beml tfn} qgc|l fg} `lle lvmlldld%

Ge netlpl}tnek b`}lpqgtnbe mbemlpenek zgpgcclc mcnzzlp} n} tfgt tfl b|tz|t {ncc gc{g~}mbe}n}t b tfgt zgpt b tfl nez|t m~mcl d|pnek {fnmf tfl dnbdl dbl} ebt mbed|mt% Tlgppb{ zbnet b tfl dnbdl gc}b }lpql} g} g kbbd nednmgtnbe b tfl t~zl b mcnzzlp% ]fb|cdnt zbnet} db{e{gpd tfl zb}ntnql fgc b tfl nez|t n} mcnzzld ged bec~ tfl elkgtnql fgc b

tfl nez|t n} b`tgneld g} ge b|tz|t Be tfl btflp fged }fb|cd nt zbnet |z{gpd tfle tfl


150/370


)

(t

)

(t

& m .& ` .

P

DNez|t B|tz|t

& g .

QA

NB

Ank|pl 7:%4

7:%0%0 tf dnbd g g pnanp

Bel b tfl btflp igne |}l} b g dnbdl n} g} g plmtnlp n} tfgt nt {ncc mbeqlpt ge gctlpegtnew|getnt~ netb g z|c}gtnek dnplmt w|getnt~ ged dlzlednek be tfl lmnlem~ b tfl ctlpmnpm|nt ig~ }|zzc~ ge gcib}t pnzzcl)pll b|tz|t%

7:%0%0%7 Fgca){gq pnanp

G fgc){gql plmtnlp n} g elt{bph }b mbe}tp|mtld |}nek bel dnbdl zc|} gddntnbegcmbizbelet} tb zlpbpi tfl |emtnbe b plmtnmgtnbe ged n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%< &g.ged &`.%

G fgc){gql plmtnlp dlpnql} nt} egil pbi tfl gmt tfgt tfl b|tz|t qbctgkl QB

bec~mbe}n}t b bel fgc b tfl nez|t qbctgkl Qn% Tn} mge `l }lle be tfl {gqlbpi} ncc|}tpgtldne k|pl 7:%1 &g.# &`. ged &m.% G fgc){gql plmtnlp mnpm|nt n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%< gembe}n}t} b g igne} }tlz)db{e tpge}bpilp

7

# g dnbdl D7

ged cbgd pl}n}tbp PC

mbeelmtlne }lpnl} {ntf tfl dnbdl gmpb}} tfl }lmbedgp~ }ndl b tfl igne} tpge}bpilp 7% Tlnez|t qbctgkl Qn n} }|zzcnld tb tfl zpnigp~ }ndl b tfl igne} tpge}bpilp 7 ged tflb|tz|t qbctgkl Qb n} tghle gmpb}} tfl cbgd pl}n}tbp PC% Tlpl n} eb |edgiletgc dnlplem`lt{lle tfl t{b mnpm|nt} lvmlzt bp tfl gmt tfgt dnlplet fgcql} b tfl nez|t m~mcl {ncc`l plmtnld ged tfn} n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%1 &g.# &`. ged &m.%

D|pnek tfl p}t fgc b tfl nez|t qbctgkl Qn# tfgt n} `lt{lle G ged @ ne k|pl 7:%1&g.#tfl dnbdl D7 n} plqlp}l)`ng}ld ged eb m|pplet {ncc b{ tfpb|kf tfl cbgd pl}n}tbp PC g}ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%


151/370


b{ tfpb|kf tfl cbgd pl}n}tbp PC g} nednmgtld `~ tfl dbttld cnel {ntf tfl zbcgpntnl} g}nednmgtld ne k|pl 7:%


152/370


QA

D7

PC

(

)

)

(

T7

QB

Qn

QA

D7

PC

(

)

)

(

T7

QB

9 Qn) Q

AQ

n

(

)

& g .

QA

D7

PC

(

)

)

(

T7

QB

9 Qn) Q

A

(

)

QA

D7

PC

(

)

)

(

T7

QB

Qn

& ` .

Ank|pl 7:% &g.# &`. ged &m.Tl g}}bmngtld {gqlbpi} bp tfn} t~zl b elt{bph n} knqle ne k|pl 7:%7: &g. &`. ged&m.% Tl bec~ dnlpleml `lt{lle g `pndkl plmtnlp ged g plmtnlp |}nek t{b dnbdl} n}tfgt g `pndkl plmtnlp |}l} t{b dnbdl} zlp fgc m~mcl {fnmf {b|cd nemplg}l ~b|p m|ppletdlcnqlpnek mgzg ncntnl} n mbizgpld tb bec~ |}nek bel dnbdl zlp fgc m~mcl%

G kplgt gdqgetgkl ne |}nek g `pndkl plmtnlp n} tfgt dbl} ebt plw|npl g mletpl)tgz igne}tpge}bpilp {fnmf n} w|ntl lvzle}nql ged tfn} t~zl b mnpm|nt ig~ `l ld dnplmtc~ pbitfl igne} }|zzc~ cnel `|t n} ebt qlp~ bale dbel }neml tfl tpge}bpilp dbl} }|zzc~ }bi}bpt b zpbtlmtnbe%

t

t

t

(

(

(

)

)

G FKALDM@ N

& m .

& ` .

& g .

Ank|pl 7:%6

G elt{bph dngkpgi b g |cc){gql plmtnlp# |}nek b|p dnbdl} mbiibec~ heb{e g} tfl`pndkl plmtnlp n} ncc|}tpgtld ne k|pl 7:%> &g.# &`. ged &m. ged mbe}n}t} b g igne} }tlz)db{e tpge}bpilp 7# b|p dnbdl} D7 tb D4 ged g cbgd pl}n}tbp PC mbeelmtld ne }lpnl}{ntf tfl dnbdl} gmpb}} tfl }lmbedgp~ }ndl b tfl igne} }tlz)db{e tpge}bpilp 7% Tl

nez|t qbctgkl Qn n} }|zzcnld tb tfl zpnigp~ }ndl b tfl igne} tpge}bpilp 7 ged tfl


155/370


g m|pplet {ncc b{ tfpb|kf tfl cbgd pl}n}tbp PC g} nednmgtld `~ tfl dbttld cnel {ntf tflzbcgpntnl} g} nednmgtld ne k|pl =%> &`.% Tl b|tz|t qbctgkl Qb tghle gmpb}} tfl cbgdpl}n}tbp PC n} gcib}t lw|gc tb Qn% Tl bec~ dnlpleml tflpl n} {ncc `l tfl bp{gpd qbctgkldpbz gmpb}} tfl dnbdl} D0 ged D= }neml tfl mnpm|nt be tfl }lmbedgp~ }ndl bzlpgtl} g} g

}lpnl} qbctgkl dnqndlp {ntf tfl cbgd pl}n}tbp PC%

D|pnek tfl }lmbed fgc b tfl nez|t qbctgkl Qn# tfgt n} `lt{lle @ ged M ne k|pl 7:%7:#tfl dnbdl} D0 ged D= gpl plqlp}l)`ng}ld ged dnbdl} D7 ged D4 gpl bp{gpd)`ng}ld gedg m|pplet {ncc b{ tfpb|kf tfl cbgd pl}n}tbp PC g} nednmgtld `~ tfl dbttld cnel {ntf tflzbcgpntnl} g} nednmgtld ne k|pl 7:%> &m.% Tl b|tz|t qbctgkl Qb tghle gmpb}} tfl cbgdpl}n}tbp PC n} gcib}t lw|gc tb Qn% Tl bec~ dnlpleml tflpl n} {ncc `l tfl bp{gpd qbctgkldpbz gmpb}} tfl dnbdl D7 ged D4 }neml tfl mnpm|nt be tfl }lmbedgp~ }ndl bzlpgtl} g} g}lpnl} qbctgkl dnqndlp {ntf tfl cbgd pl}n}tbp PC%

Tl }gil zgttlpe {ncc `l plzlgtld bp lqlp~ gctlpegtl zb}ntnql ged elkgtnql fgc m~mclged tfl b|tz|t qbctgkl tf|} b`tgneld n} tlpild g z|c}gtnek dnplmt w|getnt~% @|t tfn}n} ebt plgcc~ {fgt n} plw|npld }neml tfl igkent|dl b tfl b|tz|t n} ebt mbe}tget% Tl{g~ ne {fnmf tfn} z|c}gtnek dnplmt w|getnt~ n} }ibbtfld n} `~ ilge} b g }ibbtfnekmgzgmntbp {fnmf {ncc plibql tfl qgp~nek w|getnt~ ged ge b|tz|t g} mbe}tget g} zb}}n`cl{ncc `l b`tgneld% Tn} g}zlmt {ncc `l dn}m|}}ld |edlp tfl }lmtnbe tfgt {ncc dlgc {ntf ctlpelt{bph}% Tl gzzcnmg`cl {gqlbpi} bp tfl elt{bph ne k|pl 7:%> gpl ncc|}tpgtld nek|pl 7:%7:% Ank|pl 7:%7: &g. n} tfl nez|t Qn bp tfl elt{bph ged k|pl 7:%7: &`. n} tfl

b|tz|t b`tgneld pbi tfl }lmbedgp~ }ndl b tfl mletpl)tgz igne} tpge}bpilp bp tflelt{bph% Ank|pl 7:%7: &m. n} tfl b|tz|t b`tgneld gmpb}} PC bp tfl elt{bph%

D7

D4

D=

D0

PC

T7

Qn

Qb

9 Qn) 0Q

Z& g .

D7

D0

PC

T7

Qn

Qb

9 Qn) 0Q

Z& ` .

)(


156/370


t

t

t

(

(

()

)

G FKALDM@ N

& m .

& ` .

& g .

Ank|pl 7:%7:

D7

D4

D=

D0

PC

T7

Qn

Qb

9 Qn) 0Q

Z& m .

)

)

N4 Industrial Electronics

Documents

Transcript of N4 Industrial Electronics