N250 Week 9 Culture and Ethnicity
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Transcript of N250 Week 9 Culture and Ethnicity
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Chapter 9
Cheryl Smythe-Padgham MSN,WHNP-BC,RN
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According to the US Census Bureau(2007), approximately 33% of thepopulation currently belongs to a racial orethnic minority group
Projections state that this percentage willincrease to 50% by the year 2050
Health disparities among ethnic and racialminorities continue to increase
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Racial and ethnic minorities oftenexperience poor access to care
Lower quality of preventive, primary, andspecialty care
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Culture The thoughts, communications, actions,
customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of
racial, ethnic, religious or social groups (Officeof Minority Health)
Consists of socially transmitted knowledge,
behavioral patterns, values, beliefs, norms,and lifestyles of a particular group that guidestheir worldview (Purnell and Paulanka,2003)
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Subcultures Have similarities with the dominant culture, but
they maintain their unique life patterns, values,
and normsEthnicity
Refers to a shared identity related to social
and cultural heritage such as values,language, geographical space, and racialcharacteristics
Race-refers to biological attributes
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Emic worldview Insider or natives perspective
Etic worldview
Outsiders perspectiveEnculturation
Socialization into ones primary culture as achild
Acculturation The process of adapting to and adopting a
new culture
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Assimilation
When an individual gradually adopts andincorporates the characteristics of thedominant culture
Biculturalism
When an individual identifies equally with
two or more cultures
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Culturally congruent care Fits the persons valued life patterns and set of
meanings
Requires specific knowledge, skills, andattitudes in the delivery of culturally congruentcare
The nurse is able to bridge cultural gaps in
caring, work with cultural differences, andenable clients and families to achievemeaningful and supportive caring
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Cultural conflicts
Ethnocentrism- a tendency to hold onesown way of life as superior to others
Cultural imposition- the use of their ownvalues and lifestyles as the absoluteguide in dealing with clients and
interpreting their behaviors
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Health, illness and caring have meaningsthat are unique to each culture
Every culture provides a context accordingto which groups interpret and defineexperiences relevant to birth, illness, anddeath
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Chinese and South East Asians Herbalist, acupuncturist, fortune teller, shaman
Asian Indians
Ayurvedic practitionerNative Americans
Shaman
African American
Spiritualist, voodoo practitioners-hougan, mamboHispanic
Curandero, parteras (lay midwives), yerbero(herbalist)
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Rights of passage- cultures deal with lifetransitions or significant life events inmany different ways
Pregnancy
Childbirth
Newborn
Postpartum period
Grief and loss
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A systematic and comprehensiveexamination of the cultural care values,beliefs, and practices of individuals,
families, and communitiesGathers information that will enable the
nurse to provide culturally competent careThree points to use when making a cultural
assessment- census data, askingquestions, and establishing relationships
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Ethnic heritage and ethnohistory-knowledge of clients country of origin, are
they refugees or immigrants, age ofimmigration
Biocultural history- health risks related tosociocultural and biological history (are
they at risk for certain diseases, parasites,infections)
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Social organization- kinship, status andappropriate roles for their members( American society has nuclear family)
Religious and spiritual beliefs- majorinfluences in the clients worldview about
health and illness, pain and suffering and
life and death (diet, prayer, holy days)
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Communication Patterns- distinct linguisticand communication patterns
Time orientation- differences exist in thedimensions of time that culturesemphasize and the manner of expressingtime
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Nurses need to adopt caring practices,work with clients families as a group;
understanding their social hierarchy; andassume a collaborative role with clientsand their families
Previous encounters with professional
caregivers have implications for adherenceto therapies and continued access ofservices by the client
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Action modes of professionaldecisions or actions:
Cultural care preservationor maintenance
Cultural careaccommodation ornegotiation
Cultural care repatterning
or restructuring