N V I I V M V II - Hawaii
59
N V I I V M V II
Transcript of N V I I V M V II - Hawaii
NVIIVMVII
A W / D F S 1 6 NStrate&e’101 Enc ..~yEli c’e % Cl ( L
Pre,w~ndby the honolulu (hapter The Sen titan Institute a/.b ehitertsbr The Department o/ Businesc. honoinu Development & Iburism,Lnert~Divhion, State o/ Hawaii 1990
tuthonIRA had ass.! hi Kent Royle, .tIA, Pnqc I ttass s.je
(‘lilt Ten~,AlA, h’ssssi spit! is C’har4e
(‘ontributingEditors EdwardArena,Ph.D.WiUiam I~.Beaten,tIACharlesICky, tIAFrederick I Kohloss,P IC
lit’ tIA Eneruj( mmittee ShiHe~(‘ruti en,b s I sdrssDoug(‘ollinson tl tFredCreager, UtPatK selin, tI tCharlesNlshnnoto,tIAtndren Yanovalc tI t
Illustration t ii e ChestKeith ItorAdon It
do k uestgn toDeslign ~ssoclares
I
liii I i
Ii ii I I r I. .~.:,
Iii iilli is’ rI c•in1lui.’l~~i1~’)ii~lul’’t ‘ I I.
I s)C)) I~I utsi ‘t.oncli ‘ r~lIut.ioia. I t ml i’k n,slI(’ ~flu irno1’’n’i’~ ‘Ii‘ieni nu hiteciurad ‘si ‘n. I he liest isso phas of LI u pro~ettnc’ludea slideshowand i seminarsen ‘s further ‘spandinit
on theseclcsi.iui strate”ies.I he proiect is sponsoredh) theEnergy Division. Department of Business, hconomicDeselopnient & iburism (DBED), State of Hawaii.
In i parallel pro joeL, DBI’D is eurrenti> proposun’ r’sm101 sit ih ‘ oui t ‘s’ ‘0 le I ‘oulaiin.. ‘n ‘I ‘) )fls impuom
ii h iii I n.t . I1~loetusof the L ‘rphis’ I thus lI( Uput te . ill x’ 14) as i in hi t i conipls in su lithe e
u ‘sis’d ‘IU°} xlWe hope you find his hook a usel il first step tow ards
makun~I lawaii’s buildings, and I (assail’s future. ener°~eli kient.
IIuv p ii is sndcsII, his I I)e,;s:tnscsu i/b a
Vu 01 l’GOI SI i’D!’ intl Irn usI It c’ is lie I Ic is i
s/the I)Ob
1~vu4~nI/swan,!
~ID~d~I his uepc it has ie ‘n aialo.z’ I a ollow
I oyle, ant.Iavdi’ csitn st att.gies foi ex.rg Ilicit.nt i’d I
‘u.tum. By en o eand( if ‘ii . Irepan.dhv hI onolul ‘Itpc’ heAtnencu ltsth s.c’ ~rcIut.c foIc ) pat wiitof 3isuncss. bnnonic )cs~lojncnt Sc•~u. 1%, ~ iisiO, , S ii’ ~I I’&...’.. tfl~~~%II’ ‘.tr_
) vi is m D’,t. of 3 isin- ‘s • ‘c nomi’ )c. IopmsntI xirismn S ito 1 Ia nii, 1990
I. ‘thi’’ ir.nd ntii, )flsel it’cnl’tii. . I’iliii. I ti p i a situ C ) .‘ cli ~‘t c Ii
iwiii ~ I 3 in c uI— ) ‘‘I ii 1’ F.
N~.4 .
NTRO~ ( I I N . .
LN ~RO~ Si. 3
(liNiAls . . 1()
I) L~ IC N S I R S I FO IFS
Oi~i~F Si ION & Bi ILDING FoR~1. 13
SoLAI~CONTRoL. 1 9
D~syiioii~rNo .23
N~rti~isiVi N FILATION 29
Ls~isc\PINC
Bi IILDING SysFEsis& M~\FERIAI SisLEr lION 37
E~Ii’MENI EimIru~NcY 13
1MPLEMEN~I’AI ION 47
ENERGY /\NI) Ti u~DisloN PROCESS 48
Lii+ (~YrII COSI INC 5()
~I~I ROil IS
~NI~R(O CODI s 32
1NcI~Nnvus 33
CON I SION 54
U BiLl RYE SF10
Si~ii~i 7
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si:9
N -S
- In e IF , [iliiii I ii at- .
d i- 1. 1 F r ,
15 5 c In n sc 11 n F . In kni I -ncr a ~cr in, is Cci n il en e
bei ~i ie ru ilosw c a, lniIcInik slime ‘m Ii m thou
skin, olaiing and usedeternuniehue leniand or meelonncal
e(~oIinq and Iighiung.In eflSsc t, I hc arcF IccI creaDsihe dcmamI for encrg~md
Ihc cngineersupplies it. II ihc archuteciladsto makcan
don carly ii i hc csi gn p rnccss, ihcic is I Lie chanceFiat
Ihe hnddungrs ill he enercyeihcuent no mailer hors skilledlie en nu r.
I his look p esenlssevendesuensft-Iteeueswilh huepotenlual o nucnasctheenergyci Iiciency ni I Iowanshnldn ~s. in -tddiiioii in rvnm dS i reference Ihe hook is
I nI ~u e ~uci V 11
es 1 ci mc nis i 0. 110 lie -C’ en 1.pn
I 0 Ii r ocr-n i hans - luir ni nO r F nI n - Iesi~nii -u ~m dunc. Eel-ui ly simple
0 ons ic Ron measure oiler Ihe pohenialho draman
II educe huil mis s energyconsunupnon.Plusis underscoredhr ihe lad lion enerfocods01 ten exceedconsirnc~
I ion cosO sslien ecanumedso era hnuj Iding I IC span.W lie ii ap~nopriaie rye havedl 1cmptcd to quantify polen
o al energycost savingsassociatedw IF eachdesignsirategy
Fhesecostestimatesare hosedon conipuler simulationsfor a
h~potfeiicaiollice huildin” and hotel in I iawaii. For hack~round in form ui ion on thesecod dciimalesicier 10 the repori
hy Charles[Icy m Ihc econoidessecoon (Ifihe hihliogrsn
O r lie 0. i I lassF s no Ii - i lii c - i r’ ii i - u
I F isli ud ci ul phuc [1(1 n [iLS S - -u i Ii
I -iwaiian hen u and Ihe nus innarie luck die I 1-ilchurchesstandas icmmdersol I lassnis social Fislous-
~aui~ of Ihe huiidiii~sconnnon( dci nedas liars ni,m lois c
a nopical, if noi indigenous,led. Fliese huildings respondsensitively to ihe surrotindmgs,Fe climate,and our images
of the good life in I lawaui. Examples ofiypicall~ I Iawaiianarchitectureinclude Ihe plantaoon style commercialhu ii ciin gs iAn id in I iFtie anF II anapepeKanai - Plantation
si~Ic struclures olienfcaitire elahoraic rseslernstyle falsefronis with wide canopiesshadingihe sidewalkand stoic
front helow. foe cis ic hui idings of tile I b205and I )Slfs,
5..., iii ii S / C, - SI
I ii / u ~a ,.-i ii /I, / i/I
/1 / I/I
II og~C./ III / I.)! -/ I-I I’
~Iir -
1 n s i H C 1.!)a I i v- F - -
I I it u -t 1- I) i 1 j - ton’ a I i I I to 0.
o u if I u I- Fl - n I Ir lu i -
I us’ lit S his n F p r ol ‘or rubem-mv If IF ‘ u iansis
Fouu ss Fu w onie u I lawaid n5~
mhoIalmosh us slislunciur -
ushluepilm u~Il-,- I C. IFe ‘sirE Fotelsol Waikiki
Ieuiuid-isv F I u~xuu its,i nil C/il5CI u Fth~
I u iIslin~ -ti, F ted / n/s uhm I i, - I -
II is ha vhF ti i-s-I ihs’c n esu t d Fns IsI F al un
tieliiniuc inshsies/Co1
uinl focI i sir’-tr-Ihihe’ ur-utl ilarsiii,
dsp ciaiiy us ussisleubhial-ns’Inhectsus - Ilorsevar il hasuioh
providestihe answersnoi Ihe clues ho our isduieshredhion lucoutunteicial andhighnusestevciopitieni,Wehave many uuotahic examplesof line cunnncrcialmisl lnghrisc urclntccmure
of which is) lie pu nd huilsiings that ti-c aestheocallypleas~mg, highly ftmcoonal,well planned, ansi well tlesignesI.
I loweyer, rse (10 not as ci lists e ut commeic at ansiFi~lint se
.auu su till C ul - 1 n-tiII i I i uop ‘ F I I i uuu c iii r ui u u tu In is i - uuu u
‘sol e tuuh bi ( uuiuuiihuub 11 ho - -~ h ‘uus r~~ j~i -i ubhunlsljiulls, I Iui~uir -Iuiheehsur svosuisl F uidu Ii Il~u~s:tiu ui I I
Iueopie necsis10. Fm sensihir tn/I ic -ptunsiv - ho itsuss tliIifsI
5Ic, hi) eas’F lunlslinc sue,auusi hoour sinuquecliuuaie.
i’his stocs not imply a siephack nun die pasi,hni nisteast
siepl’nrwarst nun ulic lutsirc. It involves usingagc~uidsicsi~uio iF theness lechniquesansiiechnoiofo asstilahle 10 us
icdfo -
[III Il/Ill III~lI Ill/I I aol ilIl (II /1/Il- I/el 1/Ill/I
1-111.1 1111/I Ilu 5/I I_Ill/Il-- / /111 Ill/I//Ill III II I/IlIII (10/i 0/ II Cu/Il/u /or II1I/IIII1i/ Ru’/I,IIIIul /1 Il/I
I’I’uu/oIu. /075
5,4 / I 1111 Ill/I Ill/I I, ISO! SpIll I I/Il Ill/Il/Il I/Id
1 1 I III II / I II ‘ — -I /1 HI/Ill I I II I/Il/I/Il
/.1 / II I III I Il/Ill Il/Il h/ III - I
- II I 1(1 I/u ~u II
5 /t II 0/b 1 5111 I/sC!. - 1 5 I -
I’ / ill I’ll! I III
SI .b - I I -
/ I / FIF’ us ~\ - usl - ii ion all I-s ‘u’I
I / su 111/ rkl, F -t - - I il I - I v-uui /
-\ ‘n /b a Feas ul sic) nsieuui In I I rF ‘r ‘u/ I - ,tno 5/Il
/~‘ihabib t (or he C - 5 ‘ea 11- unsn-e. P-Irs Ic bb /~0 uu is It
uhosn91k of I larsaiu s lotutl mci ay supplies, I ar ahtbs ‘ hhe
uuahionalaveragesif Ia C (I- /g. IC). Becausehhe si aiuslssue
olcaiuic in origin. iheie are lu IussdInch slcpusiissuchas
oil, coat, ansiiuaturalgus asIon ut sbn 110. maiuihansl, ,uitsh s cutlittle iuyslroetecinicpotenthul.
Our nearly hotal stepeii ste nce oi u liiipo netI lie I is) Ic si in
uuuakeshhe shaleespeciahhss ulnerahleio econonucansI sticiuul
disrsiplioibs urisinclix iii suislstenshoriages ii s ippiy or in
-reasesIn prude.Yhors hhbuun SI hilhioiu cures Ihe siuthe ho pu~Ion oil ‘such yeai - I his uepreseiuhsubppiaxiblsbtel5 idC ol s/sir(dossSiuthePux/shsidi,which is shraineshluom IF siauisls
econonuy.
Ylore than one quarterof the statesoil is usest to malso
electricity, foe nuutjority of which is consumeslin hunldings(Fig. 1.7). ihe priceof elediricit\ utnsl ihecostof opeiating
huii istings in I law ai Inc high conuparedh/I mitny uiuai nlanctstuties (11g. 1~C.
Hydroelectricity = ~ Wind = 0,3°,Geothermal = 0,1% Solar— 08°
4H~omass
-‘etwiesm90.70
5.6 II / 11/11-0 II’ I / I /
- /// / 5/~7l I~//
HAWAI ENE1RG SOURCES 1987
0.’ us~a uauioui 1.5 -
IW,uterl
Transports ton(Groundl
li/I KWH
then ,n ‘ - / puluuuavs uc s ~I ‘1 ~b - I (kliuu’ ii
uC’utis’ hhe n ‘s-sI lor s ‘lb Ilutlu m )r uh a nslihlou in - I lu - (Irsb
(b~0 Is exter al luesth utui , r loch I Irunutu ult I F/alt I
hhe ssun IF ut peuueiusuheshhe~Iass ansiskun of I e hullsims - I Fe
secs)itsiIs ‘nternal Feuui pain r Fuch elers ho F uti ‘bbei-ubed
hy lights, tieopleaiust eslsnhlnusabiinsole ihehsnl/ting. I lieuthilitt It) iestuceenencsconsumihitioubin ut hiopical chniaie us
(iiiedily u-eiaicst to ihe slesi’uu s effecovenessin ieduciitg heai
cain, hoth eshernutl,msl internutl, utnst ieslnciiuc ihue steiuiuuttstIonstir conslitioniiug utnsi ehecinichighong.
5 [pical conuuercuaiinlerior space,even sviihosit any
solutror dons ecOse heuui gain luiiiub Ihbe osnstoorc.will huts ‘ auuinteinat Feuti gam lionu ligiuts, peopleuunsl ‘sh/npnientoluho ui t I S io 2n BTI icr Fosir per ~ nut ic 1001 01 Iioo r sir ‘a.
t’erinueierspades. suchus ps ale ollises Ill led /ldeh) limo
5.9 limO ((I /1/I/lull/us’ - ~ 1//Il I//lu I/I/I! III
/0/ / 11/1/11/1II 11/! Cl/I/////l/llll, I/Il - 5/I//I / ~l /[/ (1
lI ‘1/ / -1/ 1, (I/Il/Ill i//a /11111 1)50.
lUll //IN(, TYPE /OWE// SUP// V I NE//OH ONSU,1P//ONI/Ill q. II. WI, 9 I/no/Il
OlE 5/- /5 /T//N//S
1/ 5 I II
I/ES DENT/SS / II / -‘Jo / I / d I I HI
/SIlLS51 I /I 1
- OS//TEL
1/ II / Ii
OPE//MI// K -
SIP T I EDT IS
MA / I//IL
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I IS .1
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050 TA5TOR- WI 0// I/lOpl/0/,
W /o,n,n/
6
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0.
1/170 1379 19//I i//tN
5.6 1 1 a I I 1/RI I / - H//I i! /
Hydroelectricity~ Other = 0.30,
6.5°,\~/°etroteurn
13,1Natural Gas
22.5° 1/,
us
72°,
All Othe Energy Uses
Res/dnhiatEioctrtct.y
1l.4°,~12.0°,
18.3’, Non-restdenttaiI Eiectrtctiy
Trsnsportsiton‘17.5 , J
5 r R~C(NS ~ ~/O (57
- I I. 1/7/ - / / /
/ - I -u r S in//h no I tn IIs 4 - / 100 3 P° Is/b p’r
I ‘ - / s iun 10
u a Iiuuh li sI
- - aul Ia
- C .15 I - - -s 1// ii ul
li/i - /1 C I// / / ‘1
~ ssl 1/ I -Iru ih luor / F Ii~/~ / 59./ - I/I I ) It ci I I lust s I pic
1ui uiergs ‘ubitslni/phion
be/bunueu-sustlsun I i u/Ill I unuuls uesisl -uuo,uI FinIshings.ianeu-g~consuimphlou Is mItch grs slier InIluese hnilsling hypes
ihsun it single futinili uesislences.Die mutjonily of I Iowanssingle Istniils u’esistencesill_c not stir conditionesisunsl there
loneuisehiiile eiuei-gy in computnisonto conunici-cisulhnilufliui~s.I los hook rvi It locuson muprovmgdueeiueng~cfl’iciency of
comnielciull slush un/ultu futniily resislentialsti’uctuneswhere,uuchiiediunuttslesuguuniesussuresaie nuost etkecove, Iniprorlug
lie encug~‘I Sic uency il u utter healersansIappIi andeso flkrsblue I ueuulesI P~h~nIl aI lou -oil serv m ~° euuer lull-esI siencesI ~. C/C
I npuovluu / II ‘ ‘1/ 0.’ / I ~ nc Il-u r - ii i nlshu / FoIl
ti/i unliucss, I1i’ ua’mei /10 us p105’ /15 1 1 / - 5/ - ufo lienuhsb tolls I sums of ui//I/is 5 I ieultucn / opeu - i/n , 511(1 u~ue
limes c/Ills nsidiuon, costs. I / ulue Iouu// nil. conseus suhuon syili
shnlusuisuhetheislansts ~‘ouuouuu~Ft / ‘slsidin/l our slepeuusleneesun/iespenstutureon umponietioil. Bsuilstingsi/bdsuv esunlie
sles Icned to useone liii i-si to one filth (-If i lie citergn I Fc ur
preslecessors sI isi ilu I rty yesui’ssigo. l’sun exaiui p he. thetypicalistlI, glstss fstcesl huil/ling of the 1960’sc/unsnnueslenergy at
an stnnuutl rstteof 50,0(10 to 250,000 B’fI s pen s/lute So/il,
In the late 1970’s hhe S niiest StsttesGens’usulSersIdes .\slmnuishistiion esisuhhishestt Isirgel (if Sa,00l)B 55 ‘s lien 5sIllsti’c
lool per yearIon ilue ulesign of nesslkslensul ollice FtnIstilugs.sunsi many slstie ‘ulero c/Isles ,ttlturs less hli,lil 111,11. l-’icsiu’e
I / / I 1/ - - F S I ‘Vs/S - / / 1 - ,~,/ 11 5/ ~I /
IC/vs uaslsic’ II ,e ‘uuu11 u ‘sI / 0111/u It~ ha/c - I (a
uu ,ullloinusu.5
51db ildO’S 5,0 I/i/ , 0/ 0 II IL si/IS -r /
Ii (1db - 5 III Il//s S 0./u I - Ic sp0i/~iu - Ia/Il/lbs -
IF / hook o II ~oc515 fo musuniiv 0/u /llb~i/1 In/ 0. /i r‘fticiencs (II ness /Iiushn/udhuon. I lie poheiuiu
1ul I/u (/5
cllectirc sti’eluitesiursul unesusstrcsho e/tutserre eiuen~~Is unuch
gi’estien in nesscoiustundilondisuuu in uetia hi Ong i/I \isong
hsnlslings.hi u’eli’otils, nueclisunicsttstnsl etectnicstlnuoslil’icst
Ooils genersultyoIler the giestlest,itesuof puoenostlsasings,stlihonghsomeun’chuitectuistloptionsecust ansi ryihl liesliscncseslin sedlioul I.
CONDOMINIUM
ENERGY CONSUMP11ON
N DOE Washe
5.1)) 1.1/I//I/Ill-I ~ /‘III 1/ I I//I/I/I P11
°~u/Il LI /17//I ~//
1/1)/Il /10//I 1/I/I //llI!///l//l/I///lI 1/1/1/ III 11,/Il I//i
S/I/Il~I~I/ ‘/100/ / 1/17 /11/Il- ~/ III I / / II.Al//I/I/Il.
RESuDEV1]Ao E~EPGVUSE
ClolhesDry n -
Relr/geraluouu I3C\
W tei H ateu Spac-HeCtng150 68/a
//
UNiT
~/r Condt Ion/lug 2 -
CAUFORMA’S ENERGY CODE
A.t2 !‘ ~ II Ill I//I I / I /1111//I / I / /11/ tII//li /1//Il I~1.1 1 1/1/ - /11/ /l I/li I ‘ / /1/
/1111/ /1/Il / / i/li I / III / 1 I/I//C//I /‘
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1,1/]
=
LV ITO
Eu p~ ,S~/
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205 Gnncr li/on
I-)
OFFICE
Ltghl Cooling430 350
Cooling390
Equipment
Mitsc.
obectute
L/gh N
Cooking
Other
Elect//cWaler Heater400
-root“roe Retrugenatton20’0
P,-e-’Stoodard
0. -
/ Si 6 ‘/1010 /00
S s~I r / ‘d /0. 5 Ill I/I ( - 10/ -
il5uu 11th IIe- / II
-uu S / / late / II / 5 1’ 1 ‘I td - II 1/ ‘ i s a Fiun 15/ lb ‘ uu - ulu ia Ic lu si m I ha / / / (I ~lOd/ /
ph - I lu - I lsbw,uuuu I hsluunshehaun,sI Ic bnb/~~i 1/ 19 ICr’o L he -des norIF Ill (isle, \pei lena-’s 1/ hI ~s501/5t1 /1 /
alit/n itu duty Ic/i//Ill suitsh is capslseslho FtgF suui Still/IL’S
hhlnubughoulhIhe yesun. I Fese1/uctons u’esnhi in ,u telsuovelsc/Instantstnluunnioh unconilngs/liarenergyovenihe yesunstibst
pai-I isul I ~ cxii hut in w F~ sestsonstl clounges1111cmpensumc ill-csmutll ss henc/Impanesirviih themutinlsunsl.
\noiltei resusonIon the shghit lemps’r~utul’essuniuuiioiu Is IFe-on ill i suul II I 1W of (neshi oceuulicooI esh rutslesv / Iisis bc rossIF
shsutust - \Iill/Iughi Ihe Iemps’rsthureneuur seaIcc e uetn,uinsvirhu
4tihy eslnsi-01, bile ruggd/h -oluhigliruuoono(hIue lansh
pixishuc ‘s luisurk oh S/uriutOsluis ui rs itisl slieesh, cl/I/I hinesss/lbsh‘specially u,tmhsull Iuoin (Inc Ioc
4thit~I/I utnolher.
1 lie utncient I Iawsuiistnsiecuigniiesl two seasons:Kutui, the
high sun penbuisi eoni’es~Ionshngto warm tenuperatniessinsisteasi~trstslc winds; stnsl I 10/Il lo, thecooler period when
birislewinsis stre less Iresluentansi wislespi’easirutinhsthi is more‘/)uiinitin, Climaietooistsluduty ,tre but generalstgi’ecnieiutwnh the Ilsuwsunsun systeill of st h/semonthslry seas/In(Msty
Septenuher)ansi su seveninoitth wet seassm(Octoher \prit).
S I/IAITO - Il
l_/I ‘,/ ‘I
F 50/, / ~~HS
S/C ‘/A ‘4 /E
/~I AV LA
-Hill ,bhs. I b// herltssl I y ~ smuull coupe--
I /5/~~ is I /1 1 I~.Ii los 01/1 5/1 1 lonsilsiln Fs w-t Ill sI
///Ou/hIl 5 \/// usl, ylIF Ill sty 0 5t~’dtc/bbpel’uuisi/e(11 75.4 1. his
CI Es Is I- -hrsi,urt, -ul 71.9 F. b’he uuungeheiweencolslesi unsivsurmesbuuionhhsaveragessI/il ~ 6.5 F - At iii ho Ihe usulbge is
S F. inst1
ti Lihsie 5 F, The si,tity Icliiperaturc 555 ing (sIinrutstl)
Is 511.5/I very sluehi. Raitcesof S to IS I”. are nil/SI cu,mnlon Ill
,ui’eas exposeslto ihte o’stsiessinsi stir, stson thenoith stnsi esusi
costsis (If 1-1st sy sti I, 51 suni, Osthn, stnsl Kststuti, Rangesof I S i/u20 F. arcmost commonon ihe hcewsndcoastsstnsi locations
sev dull uihes bnlui id (notn I lie ss inslwarslcosts is-
/ 1 IIHA I A1 ‘1, - ,// 15
IMP On ORE/0 MA
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II I I. I / I/I ~ /
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N
11//LI 5 F 0l~
/1/
/ Flic hl lu-/de/ Ii/dso ‘/ IF 0 e-uuuu//s u-slat/ssIt 50//sI u/lb
- ~ I I ohbdl-u IlL - / u/b/I p Iherul t c F ua I/iu0,u os uunsh- ,ulhess hIs S/ui/C solId do//ulIles. Oscu IFs /bceuuu/ st//li n/I
hIs/s sui~sus ersu~’sssitll/uleu ss inshspceshsescecsh12 tiipl/ SIlkoil ihi ‘ h/me. F Fcss’ c buishs Floss hr//Ill the esusl un/sI l/slnilucsust
El 9C/ of tltc tbtuic. During thc ss titer lOdt/Iher Aprill.
/5’// ld /i/dS,iud / 0/IlL a I~ / uls /1 - .i Isp sh -
in 5 \5d55 0 1 Ii / 5 h/b /1 4 P~ol I / 1 1/ - it / (OIl /1 1
551/u Lu eu/50// il/uh hi b/I surisuhul 551/u Is 5 r / /051 I 510 /1
/101/0 dust 11511511 mu 1/c 1st -i hI/uth 55/ lId / / Is/ , h/n/s //1 1
csusItIuusulls s ens shuen 5 on//u SSItlSis I/ig - 0/5 /
_// A - ‘I‘1 /1/ 1 7 -, 5 N 30 //
1,-P/I El Al Fs I/Vs
I 5’ - I -
A //sN/I
lI/I
S /‘/.
A 0/OLE SN 1/
/ // A /ON ‘IC/I
1,1_I - NIT
S OVAL ULC V F OAR
/ N I-, N.
I — — /
— 1.1
/ /
LA /7/N
N - I IA/ S / I I -_ TI~, A/s I I/A/ CF /,‘/
1/1,1/Il A700C FN IS
A /,/AYI/ TMNM N’
A 1,1
I/I I -
- -L S OMAL 050//CD00 - -
Cl O’OUI, AS I/SI
/1 - 1/ A VS 5 1/ /
I’, / IS A5 .0
- T_/II’ 5,
I I N
N// S I YEA/~
— TN, 1/5’
I.. I
6/o/0
1J4DoS/PEED N~
0
0-3 mph4.12 mph I
13-24 mph24 mph and over IT -
20
25’,
30
CALM 47%
511 1
uu’I 1-1 Il’ 1111/ I’ -
l/11~’/ - I I I 10 lu’ b // huhiouuiu ,S - Ic /
aushI,ut iuu I/uI Ii / OIl 11 ‘ ua II uush sv ull II - F 111(111/ II
norllu I/uI/I sIc Is sho v/u /0 1’ I~’//i/ I .10 - ul -Ii uu /055 apicSatits stpprox imsutely /00 B I’S /ssi. It. per sh~tyr ‘ceivesl hy
each/ssirlace. hi s5inten, ihie s~siitiisisie stnsI the roof i-cceiSduegucuttestsliutoun t of usushsltisin in rough I ~ equsth sinuounts.
Shes/nuputthushagnant (E/g. 1.17) shosvs Ihat froiuu ihe spniiug
equttiox ututil hue l’aIh cquiiuux lhe ssnu risesutonih of Cutsi smdsets nuiiihof wesi. I lie Sun’s puuih hccomcsI tucreutsun210
Iui~F-r at uuuislslsus sund Ito/Snessur/cly /101 iluerls uI sluurvn sloshhusk
1upprosudli/uugthe sOlon ensuislice. I-tin ,tliliisi\I/iiuttdl\
v/I veaks I/i dl 111crsisle ol Ihe summer551101ccIFe s//0
/1ev i ‘ui/eu s lie s/I/iIhuertu sky i/i it uw-tub. W1IF blue liIglusstmnuen suit Ihue otiS redeivesiluc uutost solutr ~utiui,Nsthc lh,uI
ihe north fstcutsie ~ silnuost Iwice sus tuunch ssmhghi in
snnuiuuer asdue souih tulcstsic.
JANUARY JULY
21 Sort/I La/I/Id,
I/I ,/ SOOTH -/00//OSTAL0 /3 1.17-5
/ 0 3/ ‘/ol
/ 1 ,/I I 1/ II I
- I II / /1 1.1
/ - ( /11 1 I II / I
I - 1/ / 1/
11111 1’NS000TION I
/ 1,1/’ - II 3 ASS 001,1/ / / 5 I/S
,/l,I TE / _0 353
180°
5 17 5 ~ / /~/ ‘~ I/Il - I / II 1/ II I,
LATITUDE 20’ NORTH
k~
/ I - / / b/u-• otj~ijltt9tiIbttI~ I - ‘t/~
- 5 5 1 ‘ //b 1 Ct 5/ I- ‘- 1 / -u I L - s05 0 / ~ ‘us /1/ 1 ‘ p - i - u ui~e‘ I / 5 u/lI S /
-/ e - I / h.u s. Isnl lui / in cIlIa lo et 1 n s lu - / (IS//il
I(s( 1u OFutiio/ (uhIin/’ so bIte v sul s suuusl / (101 iI IFa 115/ lob
log, -unsb thevetutilsutiveeffedlbsd//C5sol Ihe hlt/Isliiu/I’s openbogs. BniIshiug shapestelermn~stile utnuonnt ol catcimr sunfacesliest Ion ut giveneiueloscuivolniute I snnl’utce 1/) vol mule
rutdo) (J”ii,o. B2). Bnilsling shutpesulsoslctcrniiiuesthesiepth1st syhuichsiutyhight cstnpenetistlestiusi Ilue effecos/CluesssIf
drossveiubiluuti/iul.
1 /1/
is -
lb_ h-/s- 1/
III /1 I
II I -
C1
C 2
8
4
~~~~l/
/ II
I I - si 510.1) ‘It Cult tiC I e v ull r/_1
t 1)0.
ci’ I o’o’tt’s”u fact ig u. ‘ust ‘ ud west. I Ibess orb ‘i/Lb
/ 0/1 /0 - 11/1/0 1/’ niosls(If 5170s5tu_/a o Ilue Fol Su I tuutiueu /1
ul/d uta hulli mIl ho sluuuoIe 41ecovehy.[he optimal shape forthermalconsiderationis a rectangularbuilding with thelong facesorientednorth and south.A vstniuution (If IS 20
5tegreestoni hnne sonilu lusts little effect oiii thedueniuuutl per
lornusnuceof si snisill hnilshng(IHga. 13.3 enuslB.4).
ur-usib 111,11 u / t/ I hI ~5 51 I ‘, I H Ia/ni
(In/il S Ion - I / ii/u u~I lI/It - \su I ‘ / b / I / 1
I1I/cretie-s lb hi’ olon si’ 51/1/, F- II 1 1500/ /ll u//lb lu
Is osidillereol lull/n bIle esush,,s ‘51 sIr 5051/u. I lie huller‘/1ccarIseshcs’suuse (irtd/tI
1ullOlusOblus’nlhuti/ Il/i/IF ueeOSa ubiona
shuectsun.ulusth/sing the Ii glul seeiutmore Inlense lost vutniuuhhe.
If tnlcqustteshutdiiugis pros isiesi, all olnientstoons,sstiu he siseshsnccessfuIl~for slutyhiehuting.
N
/1 - / / / / / II II II /5 /1/ / /1/’ / -
Ill//I II / - / I I//I 1/ III / I / /
/1/ I//I ‘I’ll//Il /71 1) ~ I/I / I / 1/
20 20
I .1 (bIlil 5/v/I 1511
- / - I-I 0./110.11151111,/ l/isl/u11//I - 1 - / / I - I I -ii I - ‘ use 1/1./lu ,/S rs/ d uli
S / 5 01111 (II I 1/51/ /11/lIe 1111/ /HFII/Il ‘ill bdCS/li ‘d P5t~1
Il e ucom. % he i upentugsarein adjacentwalls, theop.Umal entilation occurswhenthe long building t’ace is
perpendicularto thess nd (/7g /3.S) \ shodof 211—11) sIc~i’ees licuu pcu’peostuculuur svihl 0511 seriouslyInuputmrthe huh/h-
hug’sveittilaiiouu. WIostsa~Ipnosichuingult 45 shcgi’eesi’csnht uiuaveruige interltlr SetoenucsIhsut ate 15-20k Iosyen ihsmthosewhich odd/in 5511db IFe wind tlililO’idl/ds lielPenshid/ihuir1(1 bIle
I 5/I lshuuug Is/ed.When s tttdosvsare in opposite‘a alls,rotating the
littldt ig 45 leg o es ssii F ‘/‘spect to heprevaihug wind
3GOOD
0 1.7OPTIMUM
~iiiIZiI__Y1.4 0/1/ / Il/I / / / / I / 1/ 1/ C /11/ 1/ / / ‘I/I
/ - I / / / /11/ I / - 5/ /1 I ‘IT/I/Il /1/1
I / -/ II - I//Il I 5 1/ I (1/ -
lt’’ei soles - s C ‘ss’
/1 Ci’ I is r i itS iot it ‘ uos - i - ‘a ‘th’ i 1- I I - 110 W/u sI suppr u lu / I 10 - / - I 1 ~1l ~ / ss
-l ‘dbIv/’ Wins li-in-/Il I /11 F 0 0 / ~0. p1 /dad - S 0 I hIou
hep/-oslluld ‘01101 I//b Il~ieu/,uhutbulsI/u .1 - 1 I/u/b i/u/h /5 llucu
I ~i’cS dl - biulccrhti//.Wheiu dtIOlIbdbs ‘S/st hs’issceo /iptbluiul sobull ,uosl svblbuh
tO ldntuitI/I05. sohstrdtInsiSIeIulOOlls sisuulll/ tuike precesheiuce.
Filets Ion lusuiniutl s entiluttioncutli sllten lie slesignesl I/in lessilustn oponustlsu bosh onientulilons nonecutslly lhustn soil,ln couuuouuh
shesbeesdulib lie sheslcoed(oin 1/iss sSlti stocles. I luis is eslie
30
30
TRADE(~’’”’\~
GOOD OVERALL FLOW WND\ns,,,~!~
rRCDEy~’0\0
MIND ~ ~ -
/ I 5/ / / ‘ -/ / lu - - 1 / / S/
1 / 1 h/I - - / Is - / I / 1/ ~ I - -
Sn sol Ii /11 0 5/ I / 1 0 s I - /m/ls lu - I /1 F
usb I I - 1 I~101 ‘/1/ 0 - sI-sb /1’S s I li/u / I b’ I I I IstIb Is - RI/I/Il 5 slIlues(‘I b/In sy ulls Is e 1 /1/u lb /11/I Il/I 1i
s111 lie pt u/ISO IdsI 1/1111/ Ibid loss s Ill h/il - ~d/ I - /L - 1111 e II
/i//Is c/li ‘01 1’ g /3 ) ROOl/Is ss hF c\ls rbol sssulls II uenhcsl
El
1~5 Q//IIII/////I I/I/I III I/I
LOCAL CIRCULATION
/ Il//I/I / / I Ill I//I/I/I 1/ I / u//I II
‘000 V-\S 0/
I / /
/_ a- I / ~11
1 1I
5_ 1 ‘.~ F’/ I//s -u i ‘ /1’ - a~ / 1
/ ul- 1/ I//h - r /0 5 -
/ 1 isS lila / Ills//naIl - 1 / s,uha / - / P/i I~- /nieu/l/i’ -unsi I
1upe /hF ilue d’s ~/1 il lus lu/u 01511 ‘ ~v‘lope 10
uuuII//tnI/e /ili’a 5101d/t ssiistr OlIn. SuIch slesInsIl luissus/lucs Iti
dudelight coho/’est wutil ~url’accs.cxici’ion sllslshi/1gsystenusI/in syloslosys,,tiusl exoul inssilatitiit. IfihueseliidSl’Ilii’ds ,n’e lull-
lossesiIn h/Isv rise hublohings,Ihe chslngein nutct’ouil idluiperstlute tespedito sinicotultion uuiuly he iueghigbhle.ho csti’efulls
stesugoed,I/Isv / use hiulilstlods vcuiiiluutioo lists hid gtnsuicndI’fedh0/1 /luhernsul -oOsI/b/Oos/ the/el/lie orIent till 0 Sv/th leslie I Ill
IF’ p~-vuhliuu~ssiuid sllsi//I/h uk - pr ‘cesl ‘lcd OS ‘r sslbsur
aO/i5t5 ‘It 10/is.
2 5
/ I /1 111/11// / sI 0 I ~ ~ 111 ‘/05
0.1 1/u//u / 10111 - ulr s - ‘11 - - 11 s sa 1 /1151101
/-/‘r-ulIs ius ‘ 1/11°It suds’sh ornidors,sillcu w/du ‘510. iou
in - Ilsubion. 511 F uliihsuhlc rlIouuls ubullsh busuveIwsi c~hdi’tisul
ilidl ogs I/in Cross v ‘I IlhsuliOn. I ieuti, Olisd stool Idon gene/-Il/lug Spstdcsssich ,l5 ki ichiens,hslths ansiIuiechaiucull r000usStill/il oh lie ph sIdedtin thue bee‘a unsi si sic.
‘on stir coiohitouncsihsnhsIiiugsit is olesii’ulhlc to lustve acsltuiputctpluto 10 iii iuiitii ic the ssil’t/lde su’eaexpsisesito thesom. Sinevenolsltismstnst Insulation slhoSlctheccihmgsn-c sic
sui aF he svFeti stpli nolii’ ul Ic. h/sidi’t or OhidOIll es shousi I sI lie sveIIesul ‘sI ho Ininimbie bFc loss (If coolesl hr.
(Thy uouslyshuly Iioiiieol ~ ocesl 10 lIe chtise10 cxlerlolss,ulls tin IFe uiioil/ Ill 01/110 slory hunilshtogs,1/1/1015c-tn lie
3ltI/ilidsI ll’tlLiOSb sulrluiliis stosh s’ols/niyuut’sts I/in higIli. f~/goudl IIhush ,itcs hIni/hulug shqiesthuti nucreutsetheilerillieter toluic /0
svhich sisiyt I ghii cub lie sisesl.
)u /1 tub b’ s u I//u - - F - - hu -I - ‘~ - 1 II I /
/1 bush uu / 5 i/i/ d 5 - t/ 5 /1 I - t1 - ~ 0/ sb / p o -
~ 100/ wI eF r ‘LI//u -‘ I/bIle 01 Fo/ 01 I l~ ‘lOs Is. 51 n,
/surtsoe,15I5iI1/hl’y /1/bIb/s. OueClb,uluid,ul /‘F,tS ‘5, shstiu ssstys. - I -
cxsttuuple/cuiu lie piutcesh /01 uhc ‘1st or wcshexplisuir’s 01 IFs’hsnbohngI/I tel as hutl’I’er ~pu~dc~ho out~iiniiiethecuusi/svest
sohswgstins.(I’i/. 13. /2/ (‘onrusIons sIn/i isltuslis Iuisl/5
erse a ~ISlsli
fsnuctisoi uts shulsilogolevicesII pluteed onihue south,sositheast,
or ssiuthuwesisisleof utn elsiuuguuteslhisnhdingl/iciiug oneofdiesesIinectioits,Rooiuusthuit cenerulteheuti (such sis d(Iiilhisnei
00015,tiust lululid uidO sFsin IsI lie phuuccd nesir I lie Ii un 011111’ 5
vcoilluutis - /luths’ls /ln he sepslrtldly S enillultelh 10 llllilllnl/d
hucut gain 11) Ihe udsl of bile lisnlshing. Ihese5Ild’lS silull/Ist 5115/i
lie se1
isunsliedsvihl/ /1l5//lsildSl plrlbilons 110/lu bIle /d51 //I
IFs’ ll//lIshillg.
RESOLV~NGCONFLJCTS BETWEEN OPT~MALSOLAR AND WEND OR~ENTAT~ON
~ /~ ~‘
WINDS
I S II /l/~~/1/1/1/ / I’/Il / / .1 /111 /
I / 5~~ / 111 I III 1/ /
- TRADE I
7 0 1’ 1/ / / I/Il /1
//I /1 l/lI//// I - / ~11/1 V /
/ / / / / u/ ~. / F
÷
B 9 1// / I/i II / I I~/I - I //~//l / / 5 1--I /
5/ / IS
u//I u / lean t 10111- 1 10 15/11db /s01-nLtb/lu/5u05.
5 b/I / u im F’ ~l/ /1 II ~ / /51//I lulls P1
/51 s - 5/i 1/ / II
I I/aSs 11/5 5/ 1/511 subous 5lI/d /iliilot’h It Ines sll/Islsis 1/ Ill sits - IIhul/lsbin/1 Is pe ut/sb ills ilt0~t’51tI1 uutu he dv’/l/lulidSb b/br lIbel
died on Ibid ~toledl’s eliengsel’lis’iencs - Reseutidl, dXhidl Ieludestiush 1111011h oiu sIte thelii I mars stiuuth ysis is/oils -
As potciutial sslhsitisiiussit-c isientil/est ii thesctteniutos
desigiuphusise.dueeiucig~iIerlulniliancd of cacti slesign siptioll
cuni he evuthustiest.Assutuipootuscsnulie madecslilcenilillg thisI slcuttiollu slosh type (If g isut i og, the coiusimd ion (lb theoiputq uS
ciusehoipe,higluniug sunob 51111/-n hsiblsting sysienus.Withu ihuesesusSsillihitbotis ut hsiuusbstiustly 5/Is cub he hIei’boniuidsh 101 duudh/ schc
Il/sIlo destgli to sleicnluuitueeoiohnp houishs. I (iutd Ills/IS 5/5 Ill
S oily o ‘sulcs/l,ltbule:
- /0 euu ‘u Fcuu - ‘lb b/IS n Il Ibm
d5l 11111 o/ smob P~ililc1 sols. - ~u/b/l bun/Is// I phs //Il/Is
s 1 Cu/ ~5//I/ iht o/ipl/ /lilutsllId ssinlsuc’ ,/tid
/1) Iuuts’t/ hiesu /~u1l0 sloe is thigib
h/si /iIdli\
TItese cuthcsih~h/li/s dOO hs’ perl/irnuest01/ a hutust calcsil aton
lo>Iiownin hinocestsn’csin tueASI IRAI’ I-lslndhslsik of 1-nusbameutals. I Ioiwcsci, tluc 01/10/ pi’slgnanusas utilable tosinunhutte
dilergy Iienl/oinsnicc (10 the1
iersoliualcoiuipnternInsnuiaticsthIbnci’easc Ibid shleeshstiush the adcsit’uld\ of thesedaIdsilulIlOils.
11.1 I Ti III//I//I//5’ /11/ /1/ / 111//////•///II’ I//I /1/1/11/1/0/
/o C/I /15/I//Il
I li-sc Iouusb an l~s’s~~(‘II - hIs rd II vs (I/O 15 IC Si 1
sodsoI esuchu S ‘Fr 1-ut/c /hd5 0/ // 110/ - II cs ‘~ uulsl lus / s -
Ion pr’h i/n uus1r~ccmo b/Is ~II1/lIlle-ese C dOsh h//si 5 - 31
louisb ulnuuhyslsesutu itulominu ille sbesb~ocr as to h/ow / 1/1 / - silllie slsesl ho ihuc lion Isbitug, Ilelblitug i/I Iuurcel sIres/s thuul oIler Ibucgi esutesipsltdnlbutl enei’gs suuvill(’s.
<~
~—~/WARM
~/si
I-0~
COOL
HOT
I-0
/ I
/
/1
/
/ /TEMPERATURE ZONES
/ I/ ACTIVITIESCOOLING~/
W CORE ACTIVITIES LAZ WITH NO DA
00N~zN LIGHTING0>~ REQMTSLALA0 LA
p 0ACTIVITIESCOOLING
~‘S
// CIRCULATION ZONE
ACTIVITY ZONES
H 7
+
÷
B tO ~/~I/i5’/’/’i/15’ till’ / / 0/11.1 /0/l//i/I (011’ /‘I’/It///ItiO/I1/1/0/ I/il F00///,/ //C//’//Il-d /10/I/I 1 lIt/I -
B~12 A/I IT Na//i/l/t’ 11/ 503/10 p/a/iou/mg/70,1/idontiuei /110/ t0/LNid/’/atio/l./. Adaptedfl//i/i S/maui-
11/ 1/ ~1 ‘ ~/1 1 1/ I
1 u - ‘I / 0 15 //-1/l 51 1 ue 1/
I I -, / - W5l P / - 1/ / 1 1 Is s n 1 ‘ I’ 1/1 / 5
‘n I a I ov I- r - (lIstI I “I - OIlS. Fe /11/sb oml 0/c/iL
iIl1oI/ If) rulIllid ‘0 5 is ss/llsIao isul.
Comptitersinusiluttionssyetepcrl/mnmuucdto steteminbneI lIeI in~uutdtouf 5/5lnilili5 / inidiltulti 110s /10 theopemsltilug dlists I/in
siffhceuttud iuunhti-futnuily m’cshsiemuthsilhnilsuhiigs ho ilutsyuln, I lucresultsat-cplottesiotu gnslpius(Fig. B.IC. I hue lnuhiaet on open-
steingcostsfor vutnltmns stniosimitsof ghatssexpresseshsus a svin-stosvwutib rsunn(WWR) muunhi I lIed hy dueshuaditugcoelliciettl(SC’) of tlus’ glsuss for esuelu orlelutsltiolu Isslu/Iwlu. h’ltc WWR/‘ehlrdsetlls lie n
1ui 1(1 (If / Isuss
5treato iotstb -w uthI streuu sir ‘uuclt
orbe/utsull 11, fhus SC shescnihmesthe ‘IThctivemuessot heglsuss-unsl stiuy slusush-n ~lsystcuuu Iit cxc isish bmu g sobsun Feutt
0am mu - 1 lie
$3.60
$3.40
$3.20
P $3.00
~ $2.80
$26007 $240
~ n ~‘o20/
7 ‘1 30
3V 053
SI /0
~i/ 20
b~/ 10
5/1 01
0- C-F
/ Ii - ‘~ / .s m utl - - I / ‘(/1
/ isl s I 1 //\/ \td/’.Or/ /1/’’ - //15111// -
lea 0/a I/I 1/s IF 0 I-uI is,/ 1/ / Fuos ~F ,t / /10 1/ / boh- /s sI - “/n Sv/ /hOSv
I uc lu lerbor tIll/c of huetillice I slblshItu/I Ilsus sull -/110/15th
/lhldI sutlu g 051 1/I suhuisll 000/ssl.I’t, Ion dooilltg. Pluecosb I/mncoomhinol Ibid ol’I’bce as emsuge perIl/icIer /omuesvltluolut wimusbosysis 511151/itS
516/sq.ft. bIer ycstr.
Wi tlu isiciutical etuve lolhic desgil unusi sv i iusiow S I/C oil allOnieniuttions, nolrtli sinientsttioius sise lessetuergy tiuan sontlu,
eslstutnsl westonientultiolus, Effective shulshngwill lower the
shisisihitutcoeffiehciit, dustslowenilig theoperutthngcostsutssoei
sttcst w/dl ihue south, svestutod culstumnieiutaliotus.
COOLING COST BY ORIENTATION$2 80
$2 60
2~ $2 .30
$220
0/
~ $200I/i
$1 /10
7 B//AU00o
$1
$1
30
00
~0 -/0
- / II_,_ / / /
/~ /- ‘ / / / ‘I/Il I/I
I I I ‘ /
- .s I - - / -/~ -
Wtndow Watt atlo X Shading Coetttcten
I I’
/ /
1/ ‘ II
LU Nor/I ~ Eant
5 1/) , 1’,’ 5I/~~~/ / - C,.
Window Wal Flalto X SISOcI//oc 0000/c /5/S
0 WeSOSomh] cY~ L j
/111
j!~iI~Ivi
ue o I s il-ut dOl t oh / - silople: /0 / ‘C~ lie SSII/ S ‘tsh/’ 1
ieut b~u meiueIn5
u - ~° thurmslcIu hue gbsuss unot Il/C isills - /10 steru/-ul ~v‘lop’, he ke to cC’fectt t shadluf 5
‘ntct’C ~1
lt the lie’ outstdethebuilding. I Ile ‘b’l’edllv ‘11555
ol su sh/sudbmbg systeou IS slcicm’liulluesl hy is pslsition: 051/sIde,
(lii he ssmrl/uce, ontnshstcSIte glutss, /0 stcchhiuhuigorstcrof-t l’eethvcmiess,Inteinuth slcvmces suchsts cutnistiOs utosl hinds
sb liithe ts~stop the hesit Ironi Icnctnulthngthe hisih lslhng, Oiucethis hue/It is inside, the huh ldhng’s stir conshtionnugsystciui
iiunst lie desigtteslto i’emnove it.A svfthe variety olf sliutslhngstrsttegiessite sipeiu to the
slesignent’ulngiilg fi’smmit bsnhshingsculle solutionsto shstsihngiiislbvislnstl svhiishoiss s. Flue choiceomf s~noptimlumil shstslhng
systenlwill vary, not only flollu huh Isling to htnhdi oghutsllso with ihe olnheiutathsliuof each smf si huhIstings fulculsies,
At the hisihldbiug sesuhe,desIgnerstistve sised hutrgcovenheadcumophes toshasiethe euthtestructure.Althomugh the
windowsarc thenuostcritical utrcuis to shade,stichu st ‘ ilslrul—
sol’’ will stlso resineethe hesit gahiu through Clue roof unidwalls stswell asprovisle cool sinsl cslmlontutbieexterior
sllutees Another hinilsliug scaleslpproulelu is self shuashiug.
1FIJ filTh~0. S
IFs Ii 111 1 0 ay I steppedIi s dlus 0 50 d/slt II I
S (I’S 1105 ide sil use (ml thue ‘a I idosvso i Iluc howe 11001’s.
I igt. B.I I//S/I I) Sltemosuiely, a liuihdiit°5 phstiu ~iuuuyhi’1
ur
sulugesl so Ihuuui its susi5
uod westwlnshuws sume piolectestOvenhusungssuost cstvesame ‘ffccthvc sugahnst the high
unfthslsuy 5110, pstmocsdsurlyon the 5051111stsle (Jig. C.2). InI Islwsti I, hslIiuli s olten tmrov isle this needesishaslewhuI he
b’nmuctiotuhng asditcnlultion oin ontdoon living space.For theloseer nuontuitug slosl attemnootu sun, vertical fimis arc desirulble
mu theeastslnsl west fslculsle, Fhcscfins maybe pet’petislidLl
sin 10 the whiuslow; anglesl,to block the hulter sil’tennoon snn;/Ir mutovulhlc, ehutngmgposithonin respotuscto the sonsposition. ThueAlut ~4oaiiutBnhholIng in I Ionolnln features SI
shuushhngsystemut nuovahielbs II’Fg. C’. I).Sslluun control slevhccs h/in himshhvhslsiuth winsiows inctnsic
exterior ansI tnterbon sh1
tdcs uls w~eh1515 cosulhngsutttd films
OVERHANG: SOUTH
- --- ( .3 /1/S//I/I ~ ~/ / 1/11/1/5 / 1/5//I I/I /11//I/I I Ill//I/I
F /1 1/ /~/1/ 1/5’ / I/I/b I I I / I//I/-I/I //u/iI///I/-/1~// Il/I 5 //1/ / ~ll 1/I/I 7.1 // / III 5) / /
‘I /~~/ / /- l/,/// II /// 1/11/ /1/ II — II 1/ - /1/ / I/I /
/ — / /1/ P//// If/lI /1 /1 /1/1/1/11/ / II, Il//Il I/I /
- phi’ 1 I/c I- - vuibml ‘ r’ litihIluIs/r ‘x u’ i levisOIl osv rbs colnmi/etcis1 hsiildiIu2s SIheI-~lsusolr u//dIll 1 sud
sdreeos1
ure 01 / ‘0 osi 0 any Ion I ISV rise - 1/ lOlel dl - I ul/drs sist III isul apphicutboius~umiI a~’e uupuuhheof ebsieiu ~ 01/u -
OVERHANG: EAST WEST
a
.1/.
-N
(‘.4 1?/’////// C/I /1/F//a/I5’ /1-1/71/1 I/I I//Il//I I//I /~/i 0/ //F
I/I’ll / I/I//I//I’ //1 // //- I//Il’ / /1/1/1/1 //1I//////e
/11,1//‘I’I’// S 1)/I /1/Il 1//I/i / Of) /1/1/ LI-Il 5’///
/l/////////// /1/F 1//C / I/I/al T/f I//I/I u/Il/Il//I
(‘Il/I l//I///lIl/V /,~P/~~///0///e/ .1/ 1.
FIN: EAST WEST
I1/ __
/1/3 II C a/s/1
///C 5/I SLCI/c//“Ins /F/I/ I’,/SznJ
0 I
A H/ui/zoo/al P10/01//on U Sla/Le
0
5/3
I
1-to/ 70/ /al
5F0eLI 0// 5//A//CA
I GlaSS
IA//L / S ‘Lu/S / -,~~///oug// 0/az/F 11
/05 & MAY / I 1/11 5/
/35/1/ / / / NPVF / ~dI’O /35 1815 Ia /
(‘.5 /e /1/Il II / /5//i I//I//I. III /1/ /
/ ~ - / / 11 ~ I / 1//I /1
/11/C/Il / I / - / /
/I//I / / / I-’ / / / - //.1
~1 V ‘I
- / 1 - III Ill I ‘5/ /1/ S~/I/ - S / ‘ -
1/5/5/, c/IS 55/S Ilic, wo ils~ ~i lu/I /Fs hI I dOs in 0 -
v “1/ lol/ IF - Fml I u iusl - ,~ ho - 5 ‘0 lo/ Ills dOll lou /11/
I~iu~, sI ‘i/eli hi/un 01/ tIle hYlic (ml III i, sised,
Imis sb- ‘a un hsmsvs I lie /11/ill lmti lid his/s hmecotuusuuhn/tms I lusisuodutldb/mI sbneldimlg sml’lhcc ‘aom’kem’s Im’om// glare slnd slImeds/ltd I lus colol oml Ihesehmhinshs is sigmuil’hcuIluI. A ‘a huite I/hind
is suhosiI 2t)~~ muusmt’e efl’cet isC 11/ teshuci ngbleuli guth tu ihuln St
slsnl5
hI hush.
00
00
5/ /5 u / (II)
Ibis I ti’s step is 1/ she et’nui~is’ ‘a lie/I sI ode Is 1551/I/las - I 0/I
mosh (ml I iuusvuuib I005
F shsushs’ IS hs sbuuulmlu utl stl IFc Ill//c,
1151wesem, 5/ deslcmisrti/5l eolushderIl/Il lit 0VIslIO5 shulde 10/
periods‘a/lien ihe hisIhldlIl( wIll os/i lie ocesipiesl01 wI~e~~lbsIts’ is shuishedh~uthj~tcemuiiuihshingso~topogi’aphl\. /S
shiuuphe methosb (Ifdctcrnimlng sshicmuthe site ‘a ill he imushuutshe ‘a to 11101 5151lacciut l’eaisircs on a5/Lit I path sIbagramul(lip, Al?).
Otuce the period of time that shuishingIs i’esluhncsl hasheemuesisthiI shed.ovenhisingsaiisl fhims canhe sliest usi mg the
graphsin lug//Is (‘.3, C .4 utnsh C 5. The i’csbsmhm’csboverhuutnglength (x) I tin u/ gtvemi wi nshslss hielglll (s) 10 pi’sivbde slusthc
on SI sosiihl Isucing ‘a mmudo’a hietwecoilte hoslt’s ol S stimi uuiid S
hi0l is gt’stphiesi 0/ I /g/tI-s (‘3, Fu~chuline oul thegi’slph/ rc~inc5/emits the eq01m’esb sivcrh Iutng hens/thu to hi~0Vide shstdcfor ilte
21st slay (If tiuc moiltll tistesh. “flue siesignhosir i’eqninhng tIlelongesi ovenhamig iS 115/tell I/in each month. Fignm’e (‘.4 can heusesi to size ovcrhiaiigs to provisle shadeIon windows Iachug
cast, fnotuu hi ulm to muoomu, (Ii windows facing west, betwectu00011 and S p~ Figure (‘5 call be sisesi to size vci’ths’aI I/us
on estsion w’esi I’stciiug whnslowsdsining tIle SOliC herons
For eutsi unist svesi lstchtig windowsos/crllutngssIne ntost
00FF/HANG F/N
S
EGOCFIATF
C ~ -
RADIAL M//SC COMBINATION MASK
S /11./Il III lIT / / (1 1/ /1/1/ /1/5/ / I I/I TI I//I /1/Il/I
1/ / ‘I//Il ,S / 11~/ ~///I 0/51/1/
- 51 ‘III / 11 (IC / (‘0/i ~I r 0/ / /11151 ad dc- / - ss
hSs’IIs iv I - /1/ ‘It sI I’ll 55/l/ hs el - ‘I S5 m /d( I 0/
lu~ lie-I 5/Il 011(1 wudu 5/50 /0515 I/dbO/ I ‘dsldhiot/ il/
Ibjul seeC11u//hu/ , seetbo~~C’ / WIndoS I tlmuu /‘eluohlh1
lpluhicu
Il/Ills oIls 11 lu//Se sun C\ ‘emnels Isulnd psuyhuucl~,A siuid~‘as
perlorniesh10 sbclernuinsihe ceomiomnmcs ml sustsiblug ‘a inshowl’ihnu to two Ihassaibhslildiiugs. a Inghi rise told ‘a ithu ctcutn
g siting ansI a himglu ml sc doll dom ninit,‘a ith bronzeglazing.‘I’heuliiah/ 5/is pns’shs’Iest the
B
SEGMEN AL MASK
S / 1/1/11/ //l / 1 / /1 / 1 I//I I // 1 /
Ill//If//I p/I/lI//Is’ /11/ - Il/I /1//Il 1/1/ IS/I -
/1 /111/1/11/ -- S/// - zhi / I//Il I/I//I
(1/ /1/ 1/1/ S/TI/I/Il/I s/
effed/IS C lot S5100/ n / 01/lI s ss I/lIe I illS unc /05 St 5 ‘ d S
Is/n vit ts’u loll ills, I hums ill/blest/es tI at suu c/od’ ‘sube lesI/om/mlsl ~/ / vlde due mosl sF-usbe Cur-u o’ a u lmI’oleenoo,
A shsu/hb/i/’ 1115155 dull lie onstru/dlesh iti a sladbl//I /1/a S
Iil’otruudlslr (IC p ( ,O~‘or Ibue type -unsh Iilnellsbou/s smf thesleviec itusls’r eonsishcruutboll(be: omvsnlusullg. hill or e/:1pdrsuIe)
/1’ ip. C’. 7). iIs pnoirstc/s/rdslm/ ilmen lie overhstiol (lilt/I St
sLmpath dislgrani to steterminethe tiiuues tIlsIt shadewill Iic
Ilnovisiesi (J-’u p. 1,17). \ ssm stogIecsllcsmisttonis ut simple sloshnsefsil ts/oI for sicsigmiing shustdingsievices,sund is stvstilutblcl’on $10 Coin ihe Llbhe//-Oweiis-ForsICo., hi II Mulshsun
\S~cnliC,Tolcsio,Ohibsi 4 iCm95, Flue effectiveness(If slusudliugcan lie quickly s cr1 lIed hiy luukiiug su sinuhilc scuths’ /110/tels/si/sIde-imub Ilsilig 51 SlIOdISlh (seesection K),
$110
$1 ,00
5’ $0_goIn
52: $0801/)~i $Q7Q
~ $0.60
$0_500
I $040
~ $030SI/20 $0.20
.1,0,10
$0.00
) / [C 1 5’ I - l’Ss
F x ‘/1 0 srI/Inn F/I - Il/s I//oSt - 10/Il/On yp 01 sI/F/dIngI ‘vi ‘‘ sisash imu lb-u S u. ‘lIe osh o - usdimug Ill IV I 115/lu/I 10 5/
is/Il sIt moo is In g bu I y sI elmemldet/101 Il/C O1C I bismsb smf dOll 51 n/id 1(1/1 -
Os ‘rhuanascall hs coilsirsldl ‘sI ttf ‘oncnete,nuel’ul, dlotil
(suwIi ill gs), wmod unst oilier 0151/enuths, Flies ,une sml hen un
extension of the m’oof or fislor imlsuiie. Whihi Ihiisuussuiuipnomn,
die iiucrenuentalcostof suslding a live foot sleepconcreteovem’hangwsts estinisttesl to he$1 4.50/persshsmsll’c foomi 0/f
floor slnest in hue penimlieten /otue of the hypotheticalofliceliso lolimug shevelopedfomr this cost utnutlysis.
Flue benefit froni sumi sivenhiang(lepeilds /10 I lie vinstomw(I rICO1st/I on as well as thesI i mile n sbsimis 01 II Id (IV erhusIltg stosh
I luc sv i mIdow. I lie hicoc Iiis sum’e gm-es/lest (Ill the southI In/C/i 1st
11/ill, sobsisiteq ustl b’or I lie esust -tost west, and sm sub len on I lie
Il/il ilu. I lue (mperutnlig cosi suuvIll/Is Ion sIb (let-emit IengihssifovcrbuangslId hilottesi in I- ip/1/’o’ (‘.9. Fhc length (If the
ovet’huaiug is slesct-ihesh by the lIno,Icctiolu l’actor IPF). I’luc 01’is itie tcngthus/f the ovenhuuungiuieassit-esl I ‘5101 tile snrlace (If
0.0 0.2 0.4 06 08 10
OF FICE
OVERHANG EFFECTIVENESS$0.80
$0.70
Th $0.60
>SI
Cl)U,00Oi
SI
SI)0~0
$0.10
$0 00
$0.50
$0.40
$0.30
$0 20
F 01
5///lI 1 IIv/ds’ I F di lhiStt/1 ‘‘ Il nln thu vineow sd oIFs Iluiltomo ol lie IV ‘tb/so/p (I/p. ( ~5) LCuchi litle omi hue
// I upius repl’essIII Ills dOSI ssuv/113s l’o r ~us(’ lIst nulls sinus / 151115/Il
umush vtuudow wsuhl ‘sOlo WWR). Bs (ilnps/ntlu/:1 the oltsirud
Ion ‘Ost suhomv- ho /he do/stsulvIngs sliowti Ill [/51//u Cd, lluesillupi e pstyhaeisof ashsblog st/i Os~erhuumig es/Il lie sleterlill I/cd -
V
HOTEL
5’ 5/ S’I’I./lII/I I//I 11117/I I/Il//b/Ill I/lI/I/II/5’
Cl II/l’l/i/I// /“/u/ /11/ CF I V
S - ~ //1 1111 - /11/ ~I/’I//’ Iii /11/ /‘/
/ / / - I III F / I/li II // Iii - I//i /
‘I ///Fi///. /11 1 / / Cl I/I/I’ 1/I /1/ /. II /
.1/Il//C / / /1/b III 1/ lV1
I I’~ ~ii / Ii
/ /11(111 /1 Si 1/ / : I-’I I
Ove hang F /o5
ed//o” °acto” OverhaogProjection Factor
-5
55 1-/
S / /~ — 11-
0/s - -r, I - / u
/ -‘I Id F- dl 0C 0/ 1I/sIla 1 i i I /
Fl I’ ‘I 1 l 51m’ud
22°o
l3°o
5 1 / Fl S / ha/I~
/ Is SI u/I Is- - - II dli
-iu oIl/s I 1 ‘‘s )/ / ‘5
800o
3500
- I /
.11
1/ —
I Is / I Ii /1//I s 51 - IdOl 1011,1 It 1/10/u 1hI/il I -/ /1/V I . ‘-n - -I / ‘Vs / I/st / OC s~ 111° II ‘lccnic
-- 1/ r Ii 1 I / us -u lu/Il dIllY 1(1 I 1001 sleepI V/meld
/ 1/u - Di - 15S’ 515/) 115/Ill /5 I/mu/n holes -us elhidielil sts (loioscsceoi
IlsIsIls 5 ill helms/if lu/os sling SIsuthId light svttbuomsitbhc sissosiulesh Fesli dsIlO /1’ /5/ 0.3/. Thus is llllIisiitslnt l/lr thenolal do/Ill
(on In luoiht IluItso SIll) S emutihultcsl simmsh air collshtis/ilcsi
1101 slIngs, In air conditioner! buildings,energysa~ingscan be compoundedby a correspondingdecreasein ahwldingC an’ conditioning load.
Dutyligiunnoi cuumu ohs/I slgiullicuimull) ieohsmccpesth~~sle/uluutusichu,iwis’s. i’he maximum potentialbr energy
savings from da/ lighting occurswhenambient light leo
els, solar heat gainstndelectric powerconsumptionareall at their pesilss~
O Is 5// 1/ ml I,’ Ii p ses, I -d II 1 11// /1 slu -
5/0511/b I / /tI lesI lip I) - Di - ‘I s/0/5111//’ I / d LIII
wunleth hissil ~5IuI1u/Ill ‘5 ‘‘55/s ‘ Is/Ic, las “1 011 IS ‘10 1 I-/S
Ihue atohildIli Il//b/I Is s cI n I luusvslll 5 IlsunS 1111/es /ud,uiCu lisui
Is occsled I/mr un//si lidll/in/~ leeds iluslshe 11511IsIlligs I- / g. I). I -
Rdqllli’dst hmuienioin ligbui levels ‘sInge li//ni 1(1 to lOll l/iomt
cuimushles,slepeodimuuz0/0 15155 ,tnsh tlccnpsnicy. -l lue siruliegs 0
sIsI) llchting is to I’d shied sIn/I slimnimlishu amnhicnt highul so it
dub lie shellsem’esl mu ,i usd1 sil l’orni 1(1 interior shiulces. Durcs’t
sumuslnmueshosilsi lie smseshsls ut highul sstsli’dd oinly 5111cr it /5 md
fleetestoff sevens/Issirl’,lces, Dii’cci vidsv olf ilue sby sF5/nb/I
sIlsO lie sivoosbesls~sI he ‘scessive shill Ci’eOdCS /0 lIrl chuiocsscan
lie souconul’onlulhle,
h’omn esen ihhsmmInsltholu./1,1) hiodut shuouldhic honliceshol’fof snrloumushillg sslnl’ulces 1115. II (I). \Ilhlulughl cutell hounc’will 1-esineddie imutdiusity smf bight, light m’elbccilmig ol’f IliF/it~
snrfstceswill even hI lghutncss pa/tdi’ils ultish m’eshuccgistt’e, Since
SUN ~NTENSITY,HAWAD
I U N L
MAY & JULY
APRIL & AUGUST
MARCH / SEP FEM/SVH
EFBHUARY & OCTOBER
JANt1AI7Y & NOVEMBFR
DECEMBLR
clear
5 000 ft.cd.
4,500
4,200
4 000
3,500
3,000
2,400
ovo nec/St
2,000
1.700
1,400
1,200
1 000
700
500
overcast clear
3.600
3,200
2,600
2,200
1,800
12,000
- 9,700
9,200
8,600
- 7,000
Ii~
S~ -~/rloa//desoee/ Direci Sue//gh/
Flooreece/// Sloe Sky
LIGHT SOURCE EFFICIENCY0.3 b/I/’ I lI/I I/I/I V 1/f ‘/1//Il//I /i
7/~~I//I//I II
/17//I/I /f Il/S//I/C /15-/Il III Il/-I/I - I//I
S//I/I IC Il/C /
I—clear
8 700
8,000
7,600
7,300
3,500
5,600
4,700
overcast
1,500
4,100
3,500
3,100
2,500
2,100
1 .700
1,500 tcd.1,100
6,800
5 700
i-I 11/ II I I / I IF 1/ I /1/
- /0 / n Ii I ucl 01 I ,/ - I 1/011 (II b/I I
/ ‘II Is/I 5a, 1 / - ill I I 11/ s v in! II 51 b/I sbuy- I Il/ / / / / 11/1/ SSI II SVI0 bi /0 / - /V5lll. I II 111 comlor ‘sI
‘111/ 1, 0~/ II’ I 0/1 I C Ic lIs / -c /llillO/ ~ in I/at/u Isu - I ~llI - mlimr sh )o/olnI//L - I s /1/
1iomn sulul li/il hhle limor
Foi / Ish 001 Od ‘SlId//a I, skunk -
I s slesirahic tohring da~light Si st space /15 high as
possible/1-15/. I). 1. Flue Ilelglul 01 uu a bosh/ISV Is uotul’d impor1,1111 Ihutlu Its svlshdlI//I /llulillislboliugcsell sllsirlhutloul and
s~sI~Inniyof 1ig1ui 1/p. 0. 5~-FIle hll’ohio/nlmo/ns 0/f 51 i’o/Om. IsbnIicsllstrl) the I’dlslthonslllp tlf ceiling heIght to Ihe ‘0/005
shepih.‘I/c sulsoi /tOhiOl’hslnt I/li dVdIl ilhsloumnuuiino(lip. I) Vi.I lue ‘slId if oh Imh I/in //loIns SVlhIl Is illdoiSvs omi onesmshe sug-/cshs hat Ihe ohellIF /1/ hOe ‘0//In sOs//lId null I/c gt’e’IIcn ihsuo1 I 2 hill/es IF - FebpIll 0/fl Fe ,VI/idsmw 55 SIll.
SkVlIChiIs, hem’cstomIds, sllnhuous, lmghii sluutl’is, stmush Islhiric
shusldislres we s’omlnon idS ices 515d/I 10 lIning lIdIli Ill humghnd shedli li/Is/a lioiihshing s Illterlor, Dit’fsise whuteskylights
o(Idr a gi-cult ubnuOLimit / of I ighit svi th time leaststmonot I/f hcstt
gutiim ,toui etmst, stod ihusis huive been hiopolslr in iiusinstnisti stpphi
~I 5-I
1.0/ 1/I /11’ Ii 1//Il •/////
/1/ I II I / /
-u iou - Din’dI s -S 11 sk I 1 I II I II
Ids’S el’u 5/001/15 0/i 11/ I u/I a! - sI - / 5 1’’
os/sF hi l~ lulel hI/all ulue s///Tomsu// h/I// ‘s~ - I ur S I Iill ISISS /11 shoiulsl he I-i dsl - I 011 hue hO ‘51 55/Il :S i/LI ii
poisslhmld ( le/esholnbs’sI/I ‘I Ihue F OhIo 0 ,ushs u ulsu 0 I/f ksliglils 01111 ‘,usier et I/Il/Il (II I/s’uh 0/in Ill I Ildrhim’tmuml 11/5, \
dlci’esiou’~ Ilsed in do/luluodl/u1Il wbllu a lIghI shelf is Ilsellil Is/nshisinihollng lighl sloshshieldIng tim-eel s less I/I Iluc sks.
S’losicriiuiz ‘/111105 uum’ounoh 10 stlnislmut is I slsdl/ul sles Ice I/mn
hinlludiluc Ibpili Into ,I 11511 Idmog s bId blur sl~ssehi asdl’dsltIlIp
sll’snnsltic 5P5llI5lb /dhulilouishlps.Whdml IdolS ct’est slini/lOl /5 515/edin I 15105111, p~Inild5Il511o’,um’c lOSIsI lie puisl Isi Ihue sumlsun5/comdtl’s.Imghul im’utosnuhssisIts - aiusb sb/cill I lie 0ps’I/hll5/ 10 p~’~‘01 (IS en
lls’ullllug. Ill ddIldl’SIh - bII’csh soul/li ~IulsIlo/I/h/I 001 Ii - uhlosv ‘st Il/tom
I /01 ~. - -I .1 - 0 / I / Ii
~ d.
So Fur 01/ II I o’ Fl Ill-I I II lu /~u1.5//h - ul/h/l~, I uulbon I-s - - , ‘II 5/Os 1/ I mlIods ,IO 1’
oscolI//I /1 0 I - - I F / hut hi II I /11/1 1, 5 /1 ‘Ii uuu ImI II I - Cu /1
‘laIll F/I//b lull/li ‘I I~/ hj// I’ 1, IllS /SI5’V’’ lI-/il /1/ o1 Is
gluim’cslll(hskIS!//lllI sblshnihmo/Iit/l//I’i’ 1)1(1) 1/5/Ill sludisesds/O/hllu/d lIme dl l’ccilsc stmisin ‘/1011/Il (1(10 /0 dl’llStl/.l 55/IF 1
/‘ddddilS c somnlsuec101 FI1IIIIO’c IOFt sip Ill 111c ceIllIld unsh (heel)
1010/ 1 1/slI ldill/° s 1111cr/tin l-Ips I) 2 1/1/1/.0
0.8 /1/I /ff/ I If ,//lI/I/ II /1115 / / Il//IS 1/ ‘/1
/I’Il /1 SIll/I C F -
-~
2t’TCILI C
,bhurntn ion I avol 8 c& inq
05/11100 ovnb ~ ce! q
I,’2~3
t).7 I/I-I/I - /11 ‘I I / II ‘I /1 I I I I/I/I/I
/11/ 1 / / I
8 FT CEiLING
H
- sI - /1 m - ‘n i .1/’ ‘I / / - I OSI /
ill I /-0111V11 1/I //a~’ -
/1 /, tV~ IV ‘SIS of v 1115k/s / - sI I Ii s II su uu -/ I -‘lhcct 10111 /11171 u/lip (Is!, b,a~/ ‘elsl/’sb /0/s Ill I /10055
Ilue s/I sun I dull 0110, u’aisinp Il/S ‘tim 011/SIll/S 11/lI / loulsI.Photometrically controlled,automaticdimming devices
should beinstalled in all daylit areas. Ike layout or cir-
cuiting of electric lighting shouldalsohe arrangedtoprovide maximum benefit from daylight. Fhesesysicous
Il’d dOl001/I/il y ImIsisullesl will u ni_un 51511 olvd i-ni stes.
.0 I
.5/ 1 I / /1 / Is! S / Im els 11/ / /1/3 I vals II I IF H
511! -- /1/ 1! - III I I btVssuld u/5h15Sd I(shehsulhsh/ I Ill Os ~I/~l isc of us /1/tldcl lip /)12), DutyhbsI 111,1
/l/mole!s to he eslesh slildc1
,biueel sky SIShhg 1 5511/shad(sedli Ill
K) on boslshesliusher Isutiups (In 510 ,uniit’bcisth sky //‘ / ~. 1) / I~.Whelu shslsulltIlultlve tltuthysls Is deslm’csl, highi levels cstmu he
meassml’coI insisle hue litoulel atuddu/Illpslm’cd with es/cmion Oght
lescis, FOe i’ll/si slf Ihe 115/hut esels Insidevs, outsisleis callesh
Ihe sislyimght I/lets/n (Dl-). FOeshutyllghi fuictonis nsel’nh IondOl/ipSlni /15/ /lldulsurdtuudn Is condsmcied siiusher ut I O’erm tug cooshI-
m - /1 ‘ I -s 1 1 - I
/l5’/ / / ‘ I I eli’s ‘d ( Is /id - I - ‘IS - Il1
s-u ss /a5/-V hIs s I Ill s/liFt It 0 ( It’ 55/5 I
5lI11C1’IIL/S 11/tIl I IuIle selli/uslsueslius d /1 /5s/
V lldhi /1e1al10//Id dIther hId F/C SIStI IIISIO/loutoss 1/ - lie Is Il/’ 11
lsteho/. Sian) iml he /1/0/n’ dSIll/phdx Icdllllmshsieshas - F en I -
sdlohiesh 010 co/unhistterpm’Ogi’sutns,sOOid 55110 dluuholl ale
cistphicdslpulhihItbds. I huesepm’o/1’rsbnus ol’ldr SI /5111151 IlidIhi/Id u/I
ohllslin slsmslnotsllislclight levels andcsphuirc shdsipll,lhtdl’Oullives, ivIsIst eomnmuicrdiahly us slilslhild hlt’Ognstl/ls I/c hinlllesi ho
I’ddiSltl 5/S/hull gdtimluetnids.
N~N
— —
I 10/ i/O’ /0 vs 4 do 5/1 1
‘°°~“°‘°‘ lIon l/nuc/ / 1 1 L lv ‘I
/ ~ / I
/ I/i
0 -how 1
I II I I I -
I - I/I
24 FEET DEEP
— I —
2 -*
32 FEEl JEEP
I). tO P/ I//IS - I I/Il I/C / I//Il I/I /1/I/I /1 I/lI 1/1/I/I
5 III - /~~~~
I /1 /1 I /
- / / - III
DAYLIGHTMODELS
PURPOSE
0/1/ 51/, IJ/l/
/ / 50///5IS ///‘
- 5- 5 /0 v/i’ 1/17//1 / oj/p - 1//I’
/1 / 0 - / 11/ 01
1/S / I// Ill/b / / II /1’
/ /y p/s
13 5/ / I I/’S
- I II 1// IS
‘d / / -xs I -‘
II 5/SCSI /vy
-/ /y 5/I / -
~1 1” / 1/ 0/oj 1/I V
S/EQUIREMEN/- DETAIL
/ /5 1 1 1//Id//g lId ,/uo 00 OF//p
I S C Ac~n~5,/Fl F / I/C WI/I III ‘V
- 1W - 1/1/7,’ I /1/I IF /
C - I 1/II//// /‘d - 111/ ly5150. I /7/ V/p/V5/ 0/S
~ r///~ Ii 1 1~i/ps~5/Il / 1’I II 0’ I’ 151 /0/I ~ I / I
s///S/ ///sr / 511 0,- 11
~ ~
- / 5/F’ /11W - / ,~//j w’
‘I 05 Ii / /11/I ~ l/SZ 1
1/ 1/1 -/ CF / -I S / I//C ‘F 7/ I
IF //I /‘
I /11 51 /
/ I~/I I~ 4 y
27
SUNDI~e
N
NJ~
—
IF / hIs / 5~/ S/s u I I~~!/ 1 / ‘p 5 /d 01/ / 0 / 1 ! Il/I /
II I ~V 5//V sI /0 Ills’ 5 pd I Ill/i 05 - 01.0 I / sI,tOe c/st 01 I uslb 1111/111 ‘/10 / Is IS /hOS/I Sb 5/fl ~l 1.1
slep (on oh I! ‘0/11/015. SIep ‘0/1111415 ‘sIll he hisI 1111/115/ 1/1Od
dLIlislilIs, espedlsullyon o/vcncslslslays svhs’// /hlslllu/nslIiuin 1ev
chs stm’e dluslligmlug. Como/uuiousdimming cottimouk sb/c hc~~
Pdi’ddiV~lllldslosh slid cslIiuusltcsl lo cost Si .h)0/ssh.II,Cslm’elsihly slesicncohskyhisshilsd5b0 pi’0/VI5hd cs/st el’I’cdlmvc
shsuyhighulingIn how rise hisnhsIIll5/s, \n cdomnolnicslostlysls
s a I / ~I1 i 5/ II Ills / I u a, Il I - I /01 /5 ‘I/I
/ I - IF I ‘/ lu 1/ I IF Oslr/l / asl us SI/lb ho/I / il~ us
~ iF s I ///5 - /1. sOoss due 01’ ‘all/// cost Is/n lipOtun-
-mu - /0/ p 01 ‘sI /1 am / hOe m r cl/I I c (uotoml s n u I ‘
II / s ~ Is
OFFtCE 50 FOOT CA”8DLES
SKVLJGHT EFFECTWENESS
~‘) ‘0
5-200/0’
/5/s 1,1 .1100/
51 80
-s~ ‘o/0 -.
/11 ~ ~13’
o ~ ~o0/
5/14000o -,1 010
S/Z019
‘-I
.—
~
~
/
— I
I
I
- ~ ~0~
C ~ -811
51
d/E
—_ ~0
ô0~
-~
a
-‘
~~
5~ II’ 1
Skylight Roof Area Raflo
OFFtCE: 70 FOOTCANDLES
0. 5/ 1/1 III / ‘/ / /1 1ff /
/1/ 1/1 - 1/ /1 / - 1/ I//I /1 II II
5 I-I
911 1)
51 80
3’ 51 70//I0o 515/001C
I/nO
~
51 /00
8 5/ .15
1I11/ ‘1 1‘/
~ -u 1
,0 /0
SkylIght Roof Area RatIo
/ i’ - 1~ / 1-,
\\\\\\\\ NV1)
2111//I12~1?I/Ill1’1III
11/J/~J~1
//~III11)IItJ
OIIII/V/I/21/1/12I/III/~11
I/I\/////f~(/71211112111075)Z~F0
4
MR
In-/0
MV~VNL-MO
°I V ha I / 1 d ii 5/ - I a I stI 1/ 1 /
IS (I / Il -ul Ill/i /1/s /15 II / 5 1. / s 0 5/ 1’ I/Il
l10/~ I 0/11111 cur o ISV’l, V - / IS / //~5H /0
un ill-u /05 ‘151/Id ul s 5/em, olu ,ls 1’ I 1/ 1’ /1’
ehi-utube-il ‘uulbluusbo//, 511/ loirt ‘sIll lie p~mvIolsIl I/mr luosI
hidoPhd ,unsh silsi-tliOmus IFm’omslghuoslt Ihue ‘I/tIn’ - Cur. Ill suotsluli/Ill, 51 liultonstIly ve/utlhstleshhsohdmngwIll li//IS isle slglull icuullt
eocrcy ,lmusl cslpilsll imivestmodni SStVhtics SI/lcd 510 SlIn dS/n5Ii110/0mg sysicol will mint be Instslh lesh on /Ihicnultcsl. Ssicccsst’sil
5iSd 0/f oslisinull ventilsttmon ‘cs~siinessietsuilesl slesiglm~liusiIysbs
sisinl/15/ due dub nI y bIll SIses of - I ~0I heel,
/ - 1. 5- - I I- I 5/ S N I I 5 N 1 /
us dir It 1 1 1 f tl e win I stn I fherntal tntphic’itions 5-‘te planning ‘tn selectionmttst w given the highest
b/rio H lot uccessfulnatural cooling. Bsli lshimuu,silislsl uS
oles I .1 lid/h 01 akc ,usl 5 401st~d of I hue I sty tinuth Ic full isi mI/I /051/5
Il/c slshVdrse) dll,brstdldnlstics oil Ibid site stosi mis /niem’smdhimnsbie,bdmn homilsltogs sismiuu~nslisim’sll ventilultisin, tins imuchsmshessivsilshiug emuclosestvutlleys stmush stuehteneshhoesltioltus,nustimututin
hog sbsleshuslte huihshtug s~IsldI/ug(utvoishingwinsi shiutshsuwsstmusisvutkcs), slosh sinizslmum~iiigthe site Istyout isl iiuet’estsc imutenilln
,~inveloicmtiesdm151 bonn/lid inlei’isin huesli gain,
Sites iiculn ihue chests oml huills olr nisiges Illsly pm’ovmslcuocreslseshcxpuissmne to wI/isis while VulIheys ,lnsi stuehtei’csl
los’uuhions i/Sly lsbck Ihue /‘eshlimneshstim Vd15/dlhds.Ridgcci’ests
‘,llI I -ceive wI mist 5hiCd5h5 whu/dlu sIre oI’ico 205 Is/ 5/f)0%
1115/lien Ihamu Ille ssIm m’omuimishing I huti 5/loLl/i/I (/-‘u5/. F.$). in very
W lost) iOdSllI/l/i5 ssichi sItes O0l~sstffcn fm’smnu ion muisietusvinsl,
cslstsiiug psutemitisll strudtunsll ,tnsh siniven main pnohlcmuis.
11 IS/N I S I- /
WI ~nIhs sPusls I/k’s 11 /1 /1 - I C usv-tk /5/I/s / Ill
515/wI/v Il/oh, WI Ill/u Ill s v-ik’ - I/I eloi ilIc 5 /l lee,u/lsl wI/ush shin ‘dhbolu s ill lu ‘Osun ~‘oh.10 Il/S /1/151/li /ldsbO o~u u
‘shiossIm’e ho hue ss Itust Ion vcolIlsulboo Iislblstbngs FoulIsh liesltesi monsmsls’ hOe wulke 0/f sloy o/hisInsidtisln to sullosvc,uchu houlet in isohstttsiiu. 0 achieve Ins, a clear spacing of at leastSH (5 x the height ot’ the upwind building) is required
(I”ip. 15.-I). RtolshiiugsputcImi~oif less than 1,51111 h/2 x theheight stf the sihiwinsi bsolshioit)msty m’cssmlt in theestutbhish-Oid0t 01 SI stSIhld Vontes o~ni-oh her of Inulphleol tin, 51051 venilla
11010 Ihm’o/igh ihe /hosvtlssI/u/I hohhshing05111 he 51500 svesbk, b5
on
shlstdli//0
hdtsvedl/ 1.511 stool 5/Il, b/uler//iIIIe/ui vonlesesluluty0/cd/In stosh selulilsullol in hOe sloss /10 itisl hslulshin/1 wIll lie
STAGGERING BUILDINGS FOR VENTILATtON
I-. 5/ 1 II / / / ~ / /1 1 I/lI//b//I
1/1/ /11//I/I 1//I III /1 ‘11 I/I//fl F
E.3
0 I I/// I//I’ S I I 1.1 1/ - /1(1//I 1/ ‘/1/1/ /1 /1/
III I ‘/11/ / 1/1 ‘/1/ / /1 1 /1 / /I
5/ /I/F - b/I //~//
E.4 BUILDING SPACINGFORNATURAL VENTILATION
/11 11
I I - / I/ IsO — S I /
/11/ / / ~ I
1110- I//Ill/s iV
peu Ibs’ /1514 Ii’sms.i lOgs (1 / 1 1
SI/ I -- I bu - /1
u I II I ts
- ~_ n’oh / 1 slu ‘1 /
lu/oh, - 1 -/ hI/i I
I/I Iiu. -
1/sm / ~ P II
0 li/u/S 1 ‘5 10/ - -/11
E,6 SURFACEPRESSURES
E,6 //I/f// / /1/ /‘I 0/1/1 / (Il I /11/// 1/ /1/1/ 1//I ~ Op/-Il//I/O
/iuu/i /11/ 0/u//-/’ 1/10/ /1/ 5//I/I / /1/ I’.I.I Il//’ .,O///’/ /1/C lCq/IIII’()
f//F 5/l/,/ I’/’//// /0//I/S /1 5//In-I 1’ 1/I-/I/I/S-I Il//I’ il//F/ /1 / I) 1/1)
I- -I / 0
ssh - Inil sul///ll5/ - I F/i/os/I ‘///a/SO’lt’h
/1/ root ( ipso//Il) oh i 01 d 0 unsl -u tsv -: I - So/I /us /s
- ut ‘sI hehbool,Fe 0 hI - I / F osd e / II d. 0051 IV
~ 510 Fc wllish v,InsI s//IC b/mrcas i/V /11/0/ 0 - iui IsIblilSb05h lldgs/tiVc I/ness/Ira / 1 hue Is sanol I/ha 115/115 II 0//It ol Ilud
hisihishimuc (“LIt- 1-h oul/s 7)flue rsute umf milienlsin aIr I lsisv Is slelenmiumluesihy the
muiagmuitushe ol the hinesssil’cslmffei’enceaci’ouss hue hobbling
50151 the nesisislhiceto slin fhs~wof due 0/hlentogs. flue sue,
shape, lype, slosh hs/cuitioni sif o/pemuilugs, eshlediull ly the 0 leis,
sicternumiuc he velocity anol 115111dm omf due lOtd/Osbl slin blow.Wheiu sieshgiutog51/151 pISIdI/lit svimuotsmws I/mr veullilaluomo, hOc
Is/h lowuiug I/bc/sIns /115151 he ‘onslsteresh:
/ 11 I II 1,1 / I I I I -
I lu 15/ dI/ / 1S I 1’- ,ui sIll sI -
1 I/lI / s/ho IS 1 /1 - - / Is 1/ Ia
a 5/I I - / ~ u/ I I / 01 5/0 - 5
0 /Fd losa /10 ,~/ lIsp - s/I uula vlI ‘1/ /5/V II -
Ian/lest dIe - /0 hue s/I loSS m-dteo/11// /
lie 51/5150,
/1) the Iomc,ttiouo stud typc oil 0/S1IISI, whitchi lu,lyc less
‘Iledi //il / lie son I sos p1
imtdnim5
el the veltcmty amlsi ihlsinmlllmlion 11,111cm 0/f hOc sllr
flow, ss F cO huive I hue ousist eI’I’cet 0/ti hosly
co/s/img (tIle osiouherol aIr dht,lmlges bier ho/sir IS
Idhslli s ely 11/515/0/ fbcslni I; ,IIlSi
I) ‘hutn~esho unstssim 1 n lb/lw hinedtloll, svhbsh Id//Oh
h/i I’ctsl rsh Ill n s peest -
U - ---
- -‘-‘ ‘-~- ~
- - - -‘ ~ -
>~0~ /+~ ~
_/0~/0/0/_ 0l0/0~~~ W~/0~/0/0 —
S~~ThON
-e
/7
PL /~N
.7 / / 1/I I I /~ / 1 / / I
/ 190)55-511 14 \[1// I I- 1(1 n I S S I - 110)55 S
0° N NGS OR CROS3 VENTI A iON
~-~-‘— ‘s, 10
Is/i h//f////I //I/V/u/ /5// / 1/11/ ////./ - ~ / /1/
/ I//I/Il /1/ / III / /0~/ 11/1//Il I//I//Ill
5/ - -
~
~7 L
t,,I - 1/1 /V///~ I//C I//I//I / /////(////5, CC//T//I//I1b 1/
I /1//b/I 1/0/ (I/I/b li//I- I//I//Il /‘I
0 tI /‘ /o/~1’ III /1//I/I/I / /11//I /1/I/I 1/I/I//I, / /1/ I//I’
/ / I b-/I I// / / / I/// / (/1 IC
7//sS ‘0 I SI I/mo p 0/V/s 55 hOe / / -u - I bnlerismr velocIties
unsi Imest 0/Verahl u r hisnt 151/151/i m’lthent/. Opel//ui//s /0 is/hi
1iO5ltIV - 5/list /15 ,/SIVC 1i~C5S0I /01/u S sure ‘o’qlbil’ed I/inI’IedlIvc di’OlsS Vs’luihlsuthsiil ///5/1 Is /5/Il//SI I’d). h
4is/dC/ndlul
of IpemhingsI/tn eb lective dlo/ss veolilutlmohl otepensts/10 iluc
‘0001 shstpcslosh the si bust dinectionu- / See Onico tultiolo fomr
~Nsltunu1lVcnlil,ltis/tu pg. 30,) ~in ‘low Iiunsmugh -t hsuiidiitgwith 511 I of its wI nsls/wsI 5/dSItCsi 0111 the I edsyuli’Si slosh smsie
wsllls i’cssilts lii bloom ventihui/iomu so,the lum’cssunc sht’b’cl’dmhce
between tile svinsiows will he veny smuuutll /1”iç, E.10).
When wi osh/Iws slid l’esinidicsi 1st omnl y one ssmmb 51cc,
vel/tmhsl/Ismmu is usosuhhyssestk iiuut Inslepenstemliof hOe wiosh
shil’eetis/n. Avemsuge inlenmual wi osi speeul wIll mis/S eliamuge
sigluiflcslilll)/ wuth incncasilugwinslomsv site. Onc-sisheth veol I
15015/lu esunhe m,tshc dIed/vs whuemu Isv/I ope/ilmugS ,bl’d lilsldest
uun the wlnshwstmsb0cc, ihe wmimoh ulimgle IS obhislue (20 /1)
sIcgu’ecs), I lie windsiws sine so I/tn slhlant 515 possible, slosh
sIel iccisins, suchso, wmtugsvahls,sue usesi(/‘/u,’, LII)
i~a- vt nd driven vetitilation thts. heig it 0 lb - jul t hasa
great effect at the air flow pattern if 8 rootr s bile the
it ight ouf the outleth~tslittle influenceon interior atflow, Po/sllive pl’essslnes OmIt/111 00 the w~mtshw-urst I’suee smf
Ihue h/Iddlmig estnstOc~stir 1151w sup tsl Ibid ccmhimg on slsmwmu tomIlie I loon of /1 roomui. Pm’cssstncs are ncisttesl to the m cIa/i ye ancut
of A 5111 dO/lye and below the ssI tusiow, h’hu~,st ss iiusiowloeslicci high oiu the wsuih slinects slim flow sip to the ceilitug
hccstusc tluc positive ~ built stp on the hui iding I/tee
IS lulngen 11db/lw hue witushow Ill/In stbove it (I-/p. E.12), Thici’e
is /1551511ty ansuhnsmptshmop (stp 10 2SF-i-) in slim speesi below hue
lcsIeh olf Ihe I mihet sill. For hmooly cool hug, ibuc licst inca/loIn f//nsv/ nslosvs Is II oim below hisishy level, Rcuuuetuuhei Ihult Os/shy
level c haul ~~esw I thu roonu misc; hsushy level iiu SI liesh momiS 511
lieol Ilelgill, whuile hosly level I/i sIn sil’fiee Is al smitlmig huelgill,
OPEN~NGSON ONES~DE
POOR VENTILATION VENTILATION IMPROVED VENTILATION IS BESTWITH WING WALLS
E,Il I c/COat/a/Iwith II hmdaw.o /)0 0/i/i wall 1011 1,1/’ /01/irared
hr Wi/I/i I/a//sa/mapropc’~’ l-l’b/ld//// jibac e/umo’Ot,
II ///-///I/I
--
l’4~
11/ 1/ I / //
lb/u’ /I/l/I .--~II~/ /1
lg/ S IC/I’s/I/I IC I/I /1/Il l/l~/l Ill / C/I/I
/11 .1/ / / I~/ /
+jJ- ---.--~~ 5/ -
I/1. / / /1, /j - / / II C / - / /1/1,1 15. 5 C /1/~I/I
I/I I - ‘ ,/ IV F / -‘ - 5/1 / ,I// rn//C///F///
II. /1/ /1 IF I/I/I /1 I’I’I : /1 5/I//I —/_/‘I Ill /1//I / /l/I FSCII
I / I Ill 0 - I I - / /1 ~I 1~/ F
F. 12 11/1/Id//IS 1/1-1/0/1/ I/Il//I /1/1 lI//f/I//I /1(1/1/I/I /
fl/I Il/I /1//I
WINDOW SECTION FOR NATURAL VENT~LATlON
WINDOW iYPE /NTER/O// AIR F500
I US/I UI / U/ HUI 001 /0 II 1/10 VU/S/C5/10
H 1//00,/ ‘1/5// 10011 /1/- 00 ‘Cl a/I/Fl,00/U I/UI// /oa0~q/
/ /0 CI5 F/.
VI C~I//I 5 CII /1 o~ni F UI
S/I /0’ / 0/a o e A~I abC/woC II~CF 111/ 11 1150
SF/I 0CC /0/1 ,/Fd I I/Fp / ‘1,1
/1 ~ / /0 - /111 lUll I/p II-I F 1110/ 1FFl
/UI 001 S//U/// U/a/U /1
01//I, plo/S / / 001/ CII 5/UI All
11/,bs //O S/F/Cl.e/ UVC1,
MAX.00511 RFCOMMENDAT/ON FORAREA’ / NATURA VENi/5A 0/I
5 OIl /b - C //o,, elI,//ddIC/YI. I/F/ I/Ul/ I’ll SI//So
d/SF 101
i /Cis,1 - ,‘/I 1/
B /p/’/ -
0 .0/ /1/0,0 / //‘~ C /
000 .00, I/nj 0/ISal ‘s / rned1)111/ / C’ 1/01/I
ol ill 0
5 /1 5 I / 0/N
‘vbuiny IspesoIl S5 1/01(1 s 5511/ lm /Sd// sues sslsill 0/u
11511511511 5//ill’ I/OIl (1-ig~1J~’(/1/C/I .H5/ I Itt shape ‘Iiin let ai ncloss is the most mtporla n f’actor in deternii n—
ing flit- efficiencs of’ a md cooling. A ho/rb//li tsul sh/sula- Is
ta-sisIt cslptunmngansI sbstmuuilliulgwI/isIs Is/n SI vstnhel) oIl utmuglesof wiiush uncisteoce.i’huc olbIlnuisll shstpelists hucen luisimish 10/ heIn tiiuicS sls w isle 515 LII I: holSycvcm,51115111cr svidtbu 1(1 height
iSltis/S 51t’d sihssm eltcctms/e,luu ci’oss VC0tit5ltc5t i’oonts, thevehocuts01 atm l’hoiss us mauls shctcnmnimucstlii tIme sIn//sI 01 the
sniahlesi Obieni0~.Avemnpe 1051//S/i S/dhodii\ is highestwhlcooutlet anesi/iiihcl st/cut cs~sisIhs1,25. 1 hsis, mo/sighh) C5b5/IVSIIC0I
told ansI ol/Ithel slm’cubs /‘essmll Il/ go/os1lis/e/all sIll flomw - 0511
olaslilisiol stl/ dF5lh/ges Ill s’moss veolbhsuls-olmO/il/is, slSC lb/CIsti’gcsi utresu ol obleobmugsilossihlc with mold ,umesus eohsmsul10
omn si ghily situstller 111510, tIle oisudei S1/C5/.
/1/ lI~~i/~/~/1/I//V l/II,/I/1/I /11/1 ,//I// 1//I/I/Il 01/ /,/I / Ill li// lb/I /1//C /0/I /11111 1//I1/II///I/I
1//I’ / IFS/I/I //,1/ //I///I//,// .11/I /1 IC oI/ / S //‘/ /1/ dC/i IC/I ,//II/// I
-7- -~-
~r—T
~
~--~ ~_L ~
~
IC 1/bI
/F & Ill 15/ / C//I/Il .11/10 / /0//i/I/I/F //‘I Si ,/// 1/1/0./I/I, I ,///1 / /i/IUC\ 0/111/11/1 I, /
/01
/ct II J,// I/I C II / 0’ .1/ ~/// /UF//0,// ‘ IS’ I UI’ /0 ‘Ci /h/ /1//V /
ts,14 l/Il//I///lç I//I/I//I 1/101/ /1/c Ill//b/I/I /10//C//I.
f/I /11/IF/I - 1/1//dI /1 / 7)1 /
— ~ -
5/
I Ii //10) NN/ ~0 / / N /N S
Oh 0/ Im1 //,5 /1 //i il/S uul si I I /15 II p -s uu
lest - sesI~the - f ‘I S / s ml /l~ 5/ ul euu/ulsu 1111/, hOSI
/1 sum ,ubtlIog ‘/11/I//Il ltmr hi msc 11151/u s. Par il/los sulish
boiellsmr svuulis /mssi~Ilhy hivr/ the ubm Irs 10 Is msmsl shires’ 11,1111
Imomuui il/let tom olsI/Ict, lS/Svdr/lIg it/lerl/mr vsho/s’Ihiessuuish
chsbngbngslim I’low shis/nmhsihuslu/s. hom ti/utiniulmo huighu Intenion
selocitiesI//n lusttsinsll vciutiha/ion, imutermoma aIls penbneuudicsi-Ian to ihue flow sluosulshheplaecslclose to the olhuthet, P151cc
nuentof walls on pslnlitiSmns dub alsoutflcci slim l’ltusv hemuel’idull ly. WutIls cstmu lie susesi10 ‘split
1’ slum I low sousi encutte helter
slsem’stbl stir stisbnihu/ms/mu Ii ‘001115 wIth posim Csldmislmsirbet//suols/tu(I- / ~ I/lu)
I in slIs lo / ‘ I iuesl /0/ slppl/ I//SI/I 05/151011 V ‘uuIIluulIo/ /
1/ - ahsoues 0/f 5/051. hdlls ‘c lois’’’o/smlb/ IS 155I5/Ii’eIii its i
a// vsuys: liv \h/uIIlstIhu/n Iieuut br//ill Ibid hu/lsIiml//’ l/len/0 -
,unsh Imy emcsutin0
uocre,usesl -uir Il15/vs’nielll 0/111111 d lIs/lng
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periodsof low wind, extneuuueternpcmsbtsii’eutosl husouliuhl), 0/ns1smmiii~heslvy rstin wIle/u ihe windows lusty lie shout (/
5/p-
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WI/oil-’ 05s Is/I S tV 0/ C 0/ Is/n /5/0/ ivl/us bIt o~m
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-r ~uIs I ur - / Ieneruul tm/I low tom biomshbly / 51/11111g.WO5II -
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Ills/Idly I wice lie au ‘51 sml the hub sluoulsl lie suseol, h/ispslssihie ho es/unhil/uc hi//Ill ,t wI//lie hosiseOut stnsh cellmuug oim
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SECTION
1/5,16 1/1 // ////)I///o/I p01//I III fIll 1/1/115’ /0/lI
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ss u - ‘01/01 III ,/ ish v11 hem U ,-unsl ‘51111011 ‘5/1 p - v/II/IV ‘ole Ill I/er 0 dOl/SC~ St 1/111 1 v pr SIb//C b/,/ heSSISI Iou / Oesuh ~11sI lsui’e -uiusl ohiree 11/11 lldd/Cs.
LANDSCAPING FOR SOLAR CONTROL
N
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ups’ sutld mi Idols/tb//lu oil a li/Ill Ill/I sybIl /5S/ulll)
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shuutshc s/I Its rI lit /iuules oIl his Isus (Ii -- I .?~. bsshlo///
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2:00 ptuu, islil tides and u~s’essu~myh/I slusbshe Ibid I//of l’i’siuuu high
ssm, .\I’tcmiitioiii sluil ‘maui Ibid svesl slosh /uounlhss est requires
howen phsluutsslosh shim lilus thuto Stoles hue Ins/riling ssimu, sluice Ii
is hotterstnsl us/ncIntemuse. b’rellises sIn/I hesiges anc hiulnImdtulutnby a cli ssiitesi to shlSIshIulp svunslows,Ibid lu//St cni/icuth soosts
ho shu,tdeII’/p~I )..\tidntisln shosuhshsilsom lie h//cs/scsIoto shiulsllog lb/c
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1/i the wlnslwsbl’sh sisle 0/f the lislllstluig, sines’ hid slur Idlop ‘151-
to ‘c liiimesl I soely uthovC SImi SoIlhi tI I slIm l’,tce dSIn I’dSld hsipwuinslssif 121) ISO siegu’ees1’. h’iveiu ohoSvnsvlmush, SI husit
hiulvesh sstnl’ulce will nashiateheal towutt’sls hebiliiiohiug,iiuci’estsitug the sum cslnsIitislning loulsI,
Fcnipcu’sltiui’dsolven gnslssyslurl’slccs /10 51 slumuny slayslid
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‘u/I h/I vSlr I //~ ,Iw ts 110/Il hsuilslinps. hairy ‘ll/Ihsutbs/n, it I~eoeruulls Imest I/i I/rid/it tall phuuntingP~lmeoshld/mhulr15/ 10/’
55/11010 SS ss all Ism eluuutundl tin I hosv towutu’st lOs olpeulills/,
Ill ovbohestlOsut somluircsmnlu’SII us liiai 11511 iest (f/p. I’ -
Vcgeouutioiiu cslll creulteslnestsof higherwinsi vehocitbcsbiy
I sinnelmiug slim ihunoismuihu 51 /uuli’nolw olhienumug. An iuucneulSc 10 ,t/~Hosv 2pY~sthsivc thatsml’ the upwinsl Sd//city dslmi he
,tchuicveshbuy plstittimug (f/p. /5’ 5). Sunlit oipcn sti’cuts wIth
msb mutdc sonI/lcdS msly hueslt I hue slim sIb/lye t lueuuu stnsI shost!si
lie /uulnbnlI/esh0/ui hOc svioshwslmsi sisic of tiutisunsllly vcnoihuttesihulhshilugs,(it’oooioh comvemis uscl’suh in l’cshsudlnc bioith tIle
hdoupei’slislrc 1/ISI Isusl //bISS’bIlSI I’moiuuu SI uuuitslt’uuhhyve/utllsu/esh
i5lIhSIIlid
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, ni t. c k~l‘i ~.t’ th~n’tj i nive lle~ nitra Ii i ~a hrou ‘h s ii do s mm s, intl walls, ust liv p
h a ord ‘r. 10 reduc ‘the tmount of heat hat p t elntes a,uilding s slet br ‘nvelope, the materials selected should be‘apable of reducing both conductive md radiant heat flow.
The designer should look at each building surface anddetermine which materials can provided the optimumcombination of characteristics to both reduce heat gain andmeet other design objecthes. Because it is difficult toletermine intuitively the optimum combination of materials
for energy nerlbrmance today. designers frequently utiliie‘omputer energy anal) sis during the schematic and designlevelopment phases to help decide which combination of
materials otThrs the best performance~‘hatactetistics forth’least cost.
ant i’c t v ~ t a ~poitatn b (ldha i tate •t‘lettiot ta in ir ‘hit ‘cli ak’s. ‘Ii ‘die and locith ~of
ss ‘ndos ‘s i I t~ptof glass chosen are often tIn majordeterminants of a building’s energy performance.(ila.’ing also impacts the buildings aesthetics, intenot environment, and long tent maintenance cost. From an energyvefformance standpoint, glaiing material should have a highda) light transmission and a low shading coefficient, particu-larly if the glass is unshaded (I’Igs. G.3 and G.4). Clear glasshas both high daylight transmittance and shading coefficient,making it most useful in combination with exterior shading55 steals. Highly retlectise and dark solar bronie glaiings‘scluck heateffectisels, ~etlimit the amount of daylight
tttti~ t.’~ ildir i .S it’ n~ ~ at
.,lvin’s ‘i ~ I ii iprwnis’be w’tn clar ‘ itt dIa i,’htim,
Doubl’ al nn. s ~cc,ona,’ h~standaid ~i thenianland intl low missis it’, 1 o’, l~)co’ttinas ir’ ‘K conin” populat. L. iw l~coatin°s reduce solai heat gain, bu lotdurability must be used in a double gland window. .~sthetemperature difference between abuilding’s interior andesterior is generally small in llawaii, double glaiing is notrequired. In a computer simulation the cost sas ings for aperimeter ione of an office building were considered forHawaii’s climate substituting double for single gluing.Double gluing saved appro’imatel> 1,20 per )ear, resultingina 70 year pavback.
‘0 4 u wDSgoes,unnaded
4 14’ ‘erohipjlass unshaded
4 ccar niiatnqdcuoegass.unshadc.d
I Isarglasa,davk*peies4 .aitsobngpawgl.t ir ~ded
414 j,00eiv 1as.ast~edI oa j%~ a1’VCflP InJini
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LIGHT TRANSMIrrANCE Vt SHADING COEFFICIENTToc
on
05
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I 14Ctarpit 88 35 35. Sis’roronzc’ ~: so is3 SIvorM* . .~ 1I qhtgnec 5 69 0i
a ~kioj’ei ‘ $1 F, qttqiy 41 9, riy .8 (0 4?5 Btaclc I t~ :
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0 SHADING COEFFICIENT (SC)
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11 1 ft 0 ~ ft \})I1~HI) ft II : .0) 0 1 11 il ~ ~i > ft ~Ci 1 Ii 10
Ioi 11)11 H cliii ~iiil hic ft cc ‘I Idol iii hi oh
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ft ~ ipprociniai’Ic m i11. I I ‘01! liii
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11 TO’ ftcl’101Th0d to lot ‘I lIlil) 1110 TIll 10)1)1 Tub I ‘1 ‘ITic TlaOiiii 1110!) Ilhcrftl~cc hot lllclTlu1tiOll COil (1 ho cc I.Incrca~li1~tIi~ilTcULuitioll Inc el loll] 1ll]ilicuLlbcc! ‘i) ft I to
ft Id clcci’cuiccd 1110 11)111101 000LiTlO OpclOIllflo coot loll]
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liii’ .1 iii Hi jri ho ml0! I I’t I )j ii ‘I IT TI I Ii i I lii m
I I ni I II! I~I il Ti I I I i 11111 I I iT
1t)clOItiiO’ ‘00 10 ~ I 1 I Ii ‘anil H) I ) ITo H ‘‘ciclcli . I 10 ‘II ‘Tic I I ‘0 I Itli I
roloccil hut Icotill cT’TiTIT lit 111)1) )lil1
i’Tl’’d \ciTi Ill
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1 / /~i )/
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$ .00
$0
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—$2.00
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‘-$2.50a)>
—$3.00
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6 8 20 “2 ‘04 26 28 30 12
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1 lIlt ft).l( I t. I lIke Ii hi I I’ 1 ‘c ‘H “
cI’ ol]tI Icc It I OTt Ht. I I ccl. ‘. Mmccc ‘c ‘ft “ulu I
‘OumnIftIn th’n 00011 110 tlt’ I tIC I I lect ~ 0 entil t ‘ft 11111 in’
enill’latol’c n tluc lOT’ MOO01’ ccc. In nloct 0 ‘n ccl ‘Ittlc hun
Iaeimel’itc vill ho l’cdLlced hot otull oiglIlI’Tcant.
Ceiling IlloolultIon ic utico Iliportant ‘or tliel’lnal con]f’oI’1 ill
10 torally von Iabed hI Id in ~c hocau cc It dec macco themeaItl’ad!utnb tenipei’atot’e (]f thecoding. ~ study of cclIil]ft
I ‘I ii OHIIOI’t I mu ti I i ‘I mc I 1 1 in”
‘11’ 1 1 t’’o lii vluotlu’ 010110 ccl ‘]cl’ ‘v ‘cud i’’
ii1
IT MIld ‘111111 t ) lcTIdiT]L cithoot umi’ ‘OI]di Toni I”.
Ilk i iI~ (loll I thi ‘mdclil]’ H Id TIc lOll) 1 t( tn ol l’ic
Vit] IdcclLT’ t ‘ iTT’ 11100 ci] ~Tbt Ii r ia 111011 veITtlIabloll T’edoccc
ftc ~0I 1(1111) cliclOIiiIOT’t TIT 1110 altel’lmoon Ii’oitt 1(1 to IH the tIme.
V/i
I lu Tumult ‘lu I ‘lu]c~ Iahou cOO‘iTt’ ith I I ft ‘Iui ‘Ii
cv ill Tncclluttuon iT] I ‘ 01cC V II ‘ Id I ihoot (ft ( I IIwutll ‘II ‘a. Ill HI’ coo’ TIdy. ftICT ‘ItiT ‘octo OcT ‘ I I IC ‘ft ‘
Hoot dO. I Il/oIl. It. 101 oIl ceo ucoolting in ul clT]]plc p tyhuuc’I
of 3.7 yea! (/‘u~.G.7c I-or hotcls l’coldcllcco, opcl’umllnft
cock ai’e I educed lay Hoot ftO.()~/oq~11. cVItI] a cil]tplc
payhack ol’ 40 yeal’s. Addinp ll]sOlatlOI] tIm ItO ‘Cl 11101] thickmasonrywall oil’cred 110 cavTni)c 1] opcI’uttlnp Cools. II] act,
operatil]g coolscvei’e 1001111 to lie cliohily highcr for incolated111000 ccalls ill 11110 oludy.
COST COMPARISON FOR CEILING ~NSULAT~ON
1~I’.
1
OFF~CE L~±__!’___________ _____ OTE -
~t) 1/ II 1 /1/ II ‘ / / /
01 60
ill
Ti)
01
01
01
SI
‘ftJ I/f
/ I/I / /1/
0 ‘ I ./ ‘ 1 I rccl II 1 — . i I ft ‘ ‘
I / 1 1 1 I I u I ‘ ic in I CtiV 111(1
I] ‘ ‘ ‘ 1 It ii ‘llppi n” I’u 1’ 1 ~IldIr, II IICh 11kV
I li’ciuI’ I dl IliT th lIly lIl]cultiult( II]TTildlin
thu’o II Ii ‘ccli’ 110111)1 0 ]~ n]Ou ‘ iliiportull]t In I luloVuni. I ill two
la~lo 1 10010 j ucl Itti ‘c, ITT ulbtiC opulcco. ‘adllant 1)1111 TC~Oale
Moot ell’ectio e eithcr It’apecl over or factenedtim the oncleroicle of the till] choi’cl 01 1 trlloo or ‘alter 00010!]] (Fupd. (5.5
duCt H 0). I-or ‘1)010 ooI1I]oot attico and in wall oyclenlo,
radiant harriel’s CIII] he InotutIledI ‘acing 1100/cluedor, prele’a
lIly, ventedair opacco.Radiantharriercyotemswill ftc 11001eI’I’ecti vc I’or ‘01>10, unohadedoveot and e~tot oval lo, md (1111cr
oval I 111111 TCatioltc ill Ihat 11111cr).
I] I H t ul cc ‘la ‘‘ ‘ / i r u hi I ‘.inI I I I III 1lot ruor II tIC I hId pr I 0 I C I IT cki’ I] It ‘,]c ‘ i I p~uul
0111. kilO colar ruldllu ITon 11db I ‘I’Ic ‘ ccl ho 1 Ill IldIll ‘ i’oOt
utncl ‘oumllo ic ‘Ibcorl]’dl. ‘aToll] ‘ the culrl’Ic ‘ be i]pcIatdII’c Mu’cOrker tIme cIlrI’aCe color, tIll’ nor’ ooluii I ulIllatloli it wIll
ahcIII’h umncl lie Ilottel it wIll hecon]e /“ii~.H /O~.Heaoui’emenlo in Israel oI]oo\ oft the sort’ace ten]perumool’e 1)111 I]]edlmnIll
~1
’1
Hcd]lol’cdl i’oof ovumo eleoated ac n]ocl] umo ad I’. .11100 e 1
whiteov0000dl 11101.
[he effect of color on theoorl’utco teltpcl’uItuI’e dlf walloo umrleo with tlteir oriel]tatlon cyith tIe’ gI’cullect tel]mllcl’umtol’eswingooccdlring on ovutllo I’acTITg ‘utot 11111 cocot. Sdlrl’ace dm1
lI~ atoreo I’ur nmeclicmin °ruftcolo~’e~Icoallo I’acun~‘act utl]dI
t’u]I]c’:I ‘ I ‘ Ic III’ 1 I c lu ‘co ih I oulI cl’u h 1111’ uudi ill 01’ clltc , i mu r ‘ /
ft. 01100’ th ‘cull /111 duu / ITT’.
lI]’’’I’~’ ct It tI~‘o i0CT ‘11 cI lulut ‘ t ‘TIIpCT’It1 ccc iu
iuutom or (‘0101011 11111 liT condllt 1111)111 ‘ Iluuldlo Ic I]0’0dl0 111 II]‘000troct 1011 01111 t he uII]iOtlITt 01 ulloulumtillil II thc 001111 or loot
cyctCI]i. If die e\bel or wuill or i’ool To n]umooio e, thci’e OV II nothesharpinteriorrioec in interior teillperdtol’e. I I000eoel’, the
average telnpe!’atnl’e of the thick ooall 10111 herunoed. ‘esultiI]~lii boo CoIttlortalalecoiiditionc. If tIme oval I or I’OOf io 1111]
and Ilnlnculumtedl. o arlumtiono in estei’nal color coill gi’emtlvuml’l’ect the or condilioI]IT]g 101111 ‘11111 coilllol’t Toddle01 ftc11111 ding.
COST COMPARISON FOR WALL ~NSULAT~ON
f
o~
/ //
// / )// 1/
‘I II I I’ ‘ i~ ~ I / I I ‘
1.700 1 o 1 .00 II .01 I — ‘ ‘ mc ‘H I
II] ‘ I] ‘~I dill1
lvlt\ 1 II. / c I I I l’IL’ll1’rLI
IhdOI’p I TV/Il Id 1 IL I’l l]t ~cnrII ‘~1 111 II] ho’mlbc VIII’ luftO ‘‘(1111’ uIl]liu bo I ‘r ItTli~ CO I Ill ‘10 ‘rId’ II
kIlO ~l It. ill II]L I ‘I Iil]d ~l /11!] ‘ lur r Inucdl cv III 001111 110
Il]O1I1.It lOll / 1’ 1 ~ (5 /i. Fhe uI]]i]iICt Id colIecbedt tO he leoo
~ cignifim’uint I’or insolatedi ovuills. over iliumocioe 1111110. Cl]ulilC
~ ing tile color i’ediocco tile 0111101mb operatinccoot 1mm] ‘mc erumgcofdOOd/c~i.It. in tile Ilerinmeter /011cc.
Built Up Roofing
~~Rigid insulation
Meiai Decking—~-‘~—-——-—————.RadianiBarrIer Drapedt
1’
SuspendedCeiling
I II il Il]c ‘I’Icctl C] ‘00 Of’I 0 Iii’ ,l lOOlil] 0 OI]I
I 0111 Id ma ‘ci ‘~ tO I I 1101 1] ‘ 1 ‘110 ic heil]i’ ‘ IndlllClO I ftc
diii HI 10k \ \ Oldl I’ledl C I’ca’°ci. did 01 the Ll]loeloity
iaovai. Id ‘I TlIill]al y I ‘colIc confmrni 11101 1110 cobom of 1110
‘001 il 0 11110 1 iranmablceI’l’ccb On interilli heumt ~IiIll, c’oIIeClumli~
Ill ollincimlatedl ‘0010. 1’i]ey 11101) note that 117111 coiorcd
‘001111” Ic II nIoCi] nloi’e el’l’ecti’ve l’utdtmant humrricr tOol 111011110
u/elI CoumtlmmOo. I’Ilic 0 1100 to bIte fact 111111 tile enlittulilce
tumhiIlty of a corl’uice to radiate Ilcumt) of ut sIlln~illetaihe oor
I’umcc 0 0i1l~(1 21H umo high .10 that oft ovOtc corf’ace.
\notl]dl odirprlcilmz I’n]dlil]g ic that um i’OligIl cnrtumce td\tOl’c’ CIII]
he 1 0101111ICant I’utctor un rd’iITiclllg lie heat gumin throogl] 1110
11)1)1 inz. I ftc otcmdiy ddiD~’esbc111111 a l’IlLigIl curl’umce, cod] Id
‘00 ‘I. il]cr ‘110cc tl]c olmrlacc ai’ca 111111 11100 tIme Clmohng potenhull if 00 lIldic hkuoViiig cuyer tI]c dIll Ice of tile ‘001.
iruss under sheathing
insulation
/41 0100 1 mul l’n ‘ 0001 alIc umch ‘ (IC’ 110 0]T’
omc Ii ‘CI1I ‘~110(1 ol /01db” I] cr11 I “I a c ‘I
~eat thcmmall Ilycoft cl. I l~cliiglmo lold 1)00 ol I ‘IlIpLI’ 1cm
Vai hmtio i ir’ Hoc ‘\Il’cllle. I I~crn~aln]aoc 0 iOOct ‘I ILc’tlc
umi’eao of 1110 Country bi]lt ecpei ldllcc iai Cd dliLIl 11111 oOVll]00 In
Ielilllei’atore. \4>tct mre.Ic n I Iumovlmii e\pcrience cll].mll chorl]aIl
Ien]perlttoi’e 000 11100 l’endldrilig thci’mumt 101100 Ieoo ‘I’l’ectmo
hel’e bll~ilm In 0]1l~~IiiImllllulitlI local 0110.
0511 to
ghl gray
Dark grayvory whi Icvu y‘ ‘ar gr]y
lOut>
“~ 111
3rowIl
Drecevu)
Azure III 10
‘rklrdIe] /Od
In I
‘S I k
0 I // II’ . • I / / I
05 010 /0
0 020 40
25 ,0
‘0 31]50 50IS 40
/ Bl}’/q/,l ,, Arr/,,~’/~,,’ , /
/ / / ‘‘ N /
(;.tfl /1 //‘ [III / / / 1/ / / I 1) / / I / 1/ / 11/1111
Ill /. III
COLOR
(08 /3/Il/IllIll /1/Ill/Cl / I/Il/OIl, TI//il /11/’ / 1)/Ill lit
(do /1/1/ IIITIIII I/Ti bIll/I/Ill ‘ Cl//Ill /
li//uI’ I/f’ ‘10/I ~
*
130 85
113 71]
“0 25-0 /30
55
/ / / / ‘I
i / / / 1’ 1
Ii , 1/ 1 1/ ‘ ‘ ~//l/
II 1/ / ‘I / / I I / 1 / II II ‘ II I 1
(/)1 1/ \)/ I d 1 ‘(‘1 / / I I /
/ 1 / 0 I/i / L/ ‘1 ‘ /ll 11/
/ /
1/ /
// /
‘I /
I
1 I’~, 110 VI ‘1i1 lId
‘00. ( 0 II 1 0 1 C”i ITO’ I, (I p I ‘ 0 ‘0 1 ‘ I)’
I c ‘ ‘~1]’ ‘ ulcI 10 / ‘ 11111 0 iT ‘ito / II / lId Ii
- 1’’ 11 Hi n ‘ o I]d 1130(1] lOiCI I i ]d Id ‘ I oil ‘0~ in
MOlv ill Iho fL0T~ 0 ~~OC‘cc. B’ OI’d cc ‘101 iC tLdi’/l] ftc’ inc
ftc pr lId ‘I 01110 chou dl hoc’ 1 ‘0 tlic 11100 reulcollalllc ‘n ‘r~’y
Colioorvatioi] ctrultegled i’elutmivo to titc project 0 dCdlIId 01111hodlget. i’Ime lmrdi]itedt 0110111)1 0]onilor the engIneer o e1~0ip
Il]dnl lold libZiltiIli4 oeiectiono toendlire111111 pl’Imillioing
mite ri tIll iv Cc Ilave not Iiem~overi 00kedl.
WARM AIR ORWATER OUT
CONDENSER
COOL AIR ORWATERIN ~
I~ 1111
ii ‘1] II I I I I tI’OI iC’Ii ‘11111 ItO I I’ ‘001110 Id Oil’l
ftI 1111110 lic.inct Irom l]]1IC ‘tIc /00’ hclilltin c Wl]cn1101 I d n II’l1 III ‘11111111 he LIII i/c dl, lime I ‘111110 ‘ly cmnifol I]]
11] 11111111 ‘01 IlerlIl dl IC 0 tOO 11111111 I’or 1111111 cli] Cdii]] fort, mod thoILlatIve I]OI]]ililty dIn Iledlmnle too high for hoilding interlol’c.
/\n inlernlll tcn]pcrlmtllr’e (If abdmlmt74 0. OVitil itollildity
ruin gui p I’orm 0/110(15 C/1
Id idleal i~coinl’ortah Ic for Imccullltnmo
clreooedl ‘or Ilocilteoc in I lItwIli. In I lonololim, the OLItdIOor
tell] pe rlmtLi Id Id hi 711cr 1111111 7 T F. ‘or ahoot 850/ of tile total
01111(101 hoorolactovceo$ :00)1mm .i0 11(1:0)0)11111. TIle d)o tdoor
rellmtio o hlmmldlity 01 I-Iaovaii 111117135 generallyI’roio 0)1010)0/.
\ I5piClti early af’tenl000 101mm 0 fIO’%. If indoor rellmbiveho
uuiichto TO ItIr Condhtioi]edhlmddlingdexceedoOH%, 111011111011
IltidI oor’ltI]ioms nuag heconme‘m IlolsIlIlce, ~0l tidlilltrly 0 the
cooled 011111115 dIlICIS.
hI’1.I ‘ .ld II’ ‘ ft~ I( 0
0110 ‘1101. 0] H or ICoil II p il 1111 ‘ 11111 1 1 ‘V lIT C HI
‘oI]chtbo Till 1 c\tnl]oiel 1111 C Ilarl) Icr IT 01’ L 10110 ‘om
nicld’lal, andi loeft Icc ‘‘00011 ill IC ‘0111tl101 ‘ . IC Ll’II IT
101] id wl]dti]er 1101 ICC Ic tO he air ‘OildIltIOl]ddl 01101111 ftc
m1
tdle hefdwe ar ‘liitcdturltl lied/in hdgil]o. Ill Hltw’tiic c’lllnaht
Ill] aI’CIiIbedtol’1m1 Cdmnmpi’onllceId) lieclgn ut lanlllilng 110th I’or
IIlmrt I lilld liir COllIli tidlnodl TIde ~mndIplmrt II Illd 0011-Ill r COOl1tionedl Imod Id generally not energyefl’idlent.
dIr conditiooi Ig is Indicatedl l’or lil’000 will] high Internal
heat gellerat ion,dlenceocc~mpaocy,poor orielltat i OIl. Ilick of
external sonohading, tilencdll ‘or tentperator’eorholllidlity
control, oroccoplmnt pl’etol’ence. dii hr conditioning cycten]
11111db lIe cl/ed! to ren~i~veIlternlml heat 7itilld troll] bicllbo,
IleoPie alld ed~imipnlent;heat ~ptin I roll] colltr I1
tdiatloii; .11111nlodt 11100 ftc Capahid’ of coolnig .Illdl dIChLiIl]Idll\ up tile
ooldloor air redloned for celltil1
ttulmit. II oCdopumntc ncithcr nceci
Iior w lint hi r-ddln dli 1100101°most of tile Ii 1110. 011111111/Illen tIm IL’110h0
7oLich 110 1110111 or CImlldlitilmners C:m Iae elf’ectio e III
51111111 1110110.COOL AIR OUT -
I ypical 00 oragc (not pwmk) vlmlodo br d’00h017 0 dlltillmtmOil
Iii r In coinmcrdlld OII1iCdO Ire 111111111 a to 1(1 RH /hi pcr cqolmre
loot ol door 111011.
AtR IN
11.3 /t//Ill /1/Il CC III / /‘ I/I / /1, III
REFRIGERANT
LIOUID ICOOL)
REFRIGERANT
GAS HOTI
EVAPORATOR
REFRIGERANTGAS IWARM)
COMPRESSOR
1 ‘ ii — 1 1 0 1 1
ft ‘ i Li I Ic 10 ‘ Imc’u III OIl’’ lIlOrl’OI]
ft’ 1011111° iml i I ‘II ci I. 10010’ 1 I/Il] I1
C] il ‘‘1’ Ii ‘I I ‘0 0 1 ‘ old .11.’ 0 dlictl ~I(Ito II]‘Ill il ‘11 1 ft il”ItuI I ‘10 I ‘I all tIm ri loor all mu I 111
I III l0’1ITC IIIr ml c ‘In br (111cr 111101] /1 ~g II I)
dIr Colldlltbonlng wbolbmnient 10001 ftc cd’ledtcdI tim COpd00111] lIlIi\ilOLIiO heatgaIlid. oct lae col’ficieomiy flexible 01
olldlate bII’lIbldrI\ at loom 101111 timed. [hei’e 011011 Id he ool’f’i
CicOt /110cc/cepal’ateIcOlIIel’.mtOl’d cooti’olledi al’elmol to mlttdll
llladi 0 arlati000dILId 111 CilImOge 10 000 b](lOitiOO, OCCOIIIIOCS,
Ilghtlilg. or CllOIpl]]dnt III]dI’11t1(ll].
kn]allcr lid CIII]dIulTlllTIIlg cyctel]lc bc (Illil.Il’0 or pltCkltgelI
Ill’ C(illdlit oncl’c ill 00 hId] Ill if Ihe r ‘IILITI’cdi C0mII0I]dT]1o lId
I ICbOrO 11101111 ‘il il II c’ ‘II Intamlle I) ir lovO spIll c~oter]i
C 0 1 I] 11’ ‘ ,. I I / II I I I 0 ‘ N I I
‘‘lIft’, II] IT t’/ ~‘ i’ mcdl. ~I,’I Oil/I
Ic Cl d’ I I I I] 1 ft 1 C ‘ II 1’ 11 II 1] ‘ ‘ i ‘I I I ‘InbIll ‘ITO ct ‘nb 1 II ft
Hoc III in/fr ‘dllldliIiIlld I I TilIlill or’Cir ItlIto’ I.
‘lcdTlddl 11/ I Iltrlltioll. ‘111(1 bloT] ‘‘C 0l]llIth(ll i’d. doll C 0111 loor
a~r 011101 he iOIl’odtLlceo doll III] ‘11010 .11e01~I0]IlLiIlt ‘challotell
or alloovedi 10 e\lilti’Imte to P1
’00
Idle 0 enblilmliiml]. Venlilal Ion 0
OdCdICdi 1(1 dIllIlte Ilitel’OalI\ generated!ClmntllIl]il]11i]tc 111111 OdIlrO.
\ i’cl1
mtmo ely 01111111 IllOVdOldOt (If aIr unto 1101111111 of IIIi 11110Cc
od’coro Iy Ilorlnlml il]lilttl’lmndln .10db I’\Iiltrlmtidlo 1111011gbCrlmlkc
11111 cmutli OI]dliIllgO, .11111 la~opdrlurl’°colt 1111110. I’l]mo 0
bIcLiali\ indOtliCidllt I’ol Idellollbe 0 dill il 1111)1]. lo ‘I1l1IIlI’0l tO
hetbIl] I dI’LIblltIlllld ‘111(1 for COOLI 0 dOll lultiorl pl’1lCt1C ‘. ollluloor
or 0110111(1he IlIbeled 11111 IllIr ldiIICdIt Il]roogl] tl]c aIr COnIli
Ilollln” .IIIII.bilIlOo Iorpropcrullctrlh 111(11] ooiIlliIl tIuC I1OiI1IITTI’.
I Imoher c CI]tilatin / ratec lid I ‘11011db ilir Ir ‘lIc 00 itli IlMic S
clilOking or high OcCLIl1In1t Idlloity.
III 01 ‘ I ‘I ill I lit i II II 0 d’ I ‘ 0 I ‘
lITtlo cIlIC I’ I ‘ il ‘I i’”h iT (01 I / 0 Il
II I~11001]. ‘ ICC. ‘ ‘ In ‘00100(1 1CN Il 111111 I 0 1 h~I I’ I.
10 tuill ‘cI ir Ob]dl’IIIC I I o’lcl 10 d’r]lbllcdl vol ‘Ill dIll ‘ c mIt II
iIldlOOr cIl.lCdd 001111(111 to 7)/H or Ili /‘hcr I chIt TO ‘ hLIlilidlitc.
i’(lI n]oot CdlntIOi’t coolIng. III’oPCrl bdclenddl mur 000111
tuIlIliIIlgC.Inkddpllidrol.bbiodhlliTlillitv 001111111 u’CliooIllmhld’
110110110(If 55 to 00 ~. TIle 01001 pr.mdtudal 00115 III ohtlturl 11)00
rdlatmoc llollliliit\ id 10 over’cool the a~rto Condiende (lIlt rllol’c
colmter 0 1I~O~.hell i’dlIdlmb bile umir .1 lIttle 011 111111cc 1101 CIllib
OCCOpItOtO.11111 11111Cctile CIllIllul loruedi 0~i1Cdtoo oolft. [Ilel’c Ic
11011111k 1 cL’lliIuCItnI C.lb]ltllI Coot pCnIIIt5 br I’ehc1II. I lic opcr
.lting Coot. hooo ‘ocr. mo ‘ccli gr ‘abel IlluleOc olmlar heat lur 00.101
heal Irorn Il]c III ‘ondlilllliiTIg c l’lilo lelrILdI’Ilbloil CIII lId
o cli.
\ hcat 111111’ 101 dec iCc Illumb dIll ‘dIode IlmnIIiIIit\ oohlle
Culil00000g little eledtrrdbi~Ho IdtLmlIl ,mir p1100ddtl]i’OlIgIl the
Cod 00 Illic oldIe (If a heatc\Chltnger. Ihe ~mir 0 CoOled!,l’ellodlog Ic lmlmltiidity. I’hio umlr ic t111’o Cllliiell hdloov bile
dleoiredl tcmpelaboleh bhc .01 COOLlilillIldI. I heCOOl 0111)1115
.tlr Id ~1100dd1Ii]l’oogh CII1IO Oil ho other cidlc dlf bI]c Ildat
e\clllmi]ger 00 Ilelc lb 11 r’elIeumbeli. lIcilg ov.IoId ilelil e\lr’IICIeII
I’ioiim thc ‘dm010 Imir (I/p II I).
COOLING COILOUTDOORAIR
‘J000/ft
FILTERSVARIABLE SPEED SUPPLYFAN
‘OEFRIGERATION CYCLE
SUPPLY AIR
VARIABLEVOLUMEOIIFFUSER
T4F]’0RN AIR
BLOW“1100BAR
RETURNAIR
.o 1/11 /1/ / 11 ‘/ 1 11/ ‘I
/ / 1/ 1/ /1 1 1/. / 1/
Ill// 11/1/ 1 III ‘I /t II II 11 / / I I / /l / /
\II (Il 0 I~air ‘In I cIt1111 11’I1 I III i ‘ lId ‘ / I
ol I 1110 tIC 1k 1 II H ‘lId ((ft ‘I ‘ I’TC’ll ‘ ‘I
Im1
lcratII]v tIll I ‘Irl’ or’ltlon 0 11011101’ ‘cI in o tile I’ll )cblllc:’.
Sill]]c I 1110 lOll C/fll IC IdlIddlI lay i Ilcal 11011111 . I 11111”
lion n]IICI]iIld ovI]mch Lull] hebIded10 hellt diOl]Idctid ovull r, or o
IIi’dheltt it 00 hell IdOlpei’IltLIIc himito ai’e too low.000dlellsero of .tir COOdIlIlOOllIC cydrenlc CIII] Ime ovater
cooleli. The condlellserocool ill p water canftlcll he oocft citl]cr10 l’cilealt collllitlonedi Imir tO cootr’oi hlmoridity or 110cloiitcctic
hot wIlIer. Sirlapiicito of ccstein diddiel] is ilCCdOdlll’5 ‘or
‘II Idicllt (1l]el’,ltiOIl.
:30
I 20
I I’ 1 iI ‘I 10 1 11 hIlT oIl r ‘ ‘ If lId’ I I IIC IdlI]IIVC I by hI ‘(Ill
Iltiollll 0 1110. II CIII]diecd Ill I 1 1 P ‘illit Iutr l]ldIlL Ildull Pdl
lIlT )fl~II 111,111 ItIIdr ‘Icdbrid Iil’lt dd)Lll’CCO I/ft. 11.0). iludIrmcd ci (111111 III T’cctridlddi 1(1 li’°Ilto 111111.Il’C imclm.thly 11(11 III], (II
ovllele Ilidi’c 10 11 l]de(I ‘or a puir1idLIl~mrlil°I]mll]g dIed. ‘1110Coitllliel’Culti lightIng workli(Iroe Is thef’Ioor’eoceimt 11111113.
SiCr]iI’idllilt energydm0 ii~gcCIII] he achievcllby deledtlogcllergy elfididilt lampo, laailacto11111! idiil]II1II1I’eo.
‘I’hdl’e aId rl]Imlly Ilolidling hphtiop llpplidlttiolls lit ovllich
11.1.1).(higir unbensrtydlischlmrgd) mcdli ll,ililIe or higi]
bli’dcdLml’d cOdIiOIlt bcll]]IId may lIe dIced, Itt .10 cI’I’iciency leo/cllb ugl]er IllImI] II tIOl’dddcOb 111111110.
Gooml lightIng decipli iddLIitc ‘10111 coopel’alion hdtcoedo
Il]c o’d’Iuilcdl. eledtridlll dl]gii]eer. ~m0di1101crintel or Ilecign
pl’01d00i0li11i0.OftCl] opedlbucP~’~kllilwiellgc of ocecwibllumi 11
71,1CcOV Ill ~d ‘I 11111 lae hod (If 11151s Ii gilt Iog to I Ile ~1I’0pdI I Icmdc,ovith .1 loover icvel of aiinhicnl Iight mile.
Good! I ii(htiog o! office cpacc COin 11011111ly he adlllevell
00 ill] o oddr100(1 ovlmlls 11cr SqUIII’C foot 01’ floor Inca. I-oi ever\i’cdlldtion lIf one 001111 ‘or lighting of air coi]lhlioncdi 01111Cc,
thci’e i.s III] .tdlliliOillIi 0.3a 1(1(1.51)wlmlmo o~tviogsin our
COillI it 1)11111C cdloilmilienl electric powcr COO0111111)111111.
o o Oh ‘ I)
ftc Ibdhil ‘ ]Cl 1,11111 10 ‘01 1 ‘1110, ‘‘‘10,111 1
Ill ‘lid tI ovubh n]ol ‘ I lndlal’dli a Ill If 1101(1111 ‘0 II
‘IlIbIblOlcIlt ‘ol]tr mb. llbclltulbboll’ I 11111 lull °L ‘ 1111111 ‘I
b’adibitiec OvIhl Ileludlll 11001 lIOn] OLICIl ‘I ocebl pIaIITCII ‘lb rec
Toalllagelllent05 dIdili,
Goodi IllIli IttcllIIlllCd 11011 opdi’ation /fI’d 11111jIll’ COlISiciei’a
lions 10 all hoilllillg n]edbiaolclmlbIll cledtridull cyoleirl Itcolgn.
Smlplc dldcigooovith .mllellolitc accecsfor cervlciule eqolpoleot
and Il don]petelit opcl’attil]g ,tl]dI 111111 ilteulaoce 1i’~grmiiiovu II
O1lVd Ilmr moi’c elmcr.’y IhIlil .11100011111 Iccmgl] l’cb inleliiCittc
l0li’Ododddi 10 0,1ccei]erd’y.
70
90
05 90
a
so
/10
4001
a30
so
20
10
0
tI.Ii ‘1/Il 1.1/ / / 11/0/I / ~~~~
1,,//
//‘I///,~I/I
/I//I/.1k//
I 0 / 1 II thL II I~l0
I’ C 0 0 ‘ III C CT I
Iihty ‘I IlL Old II’ It 1 ‘1 ,n I ‘. ,‘ I ‘ 1 I
ITlh’l0d TI] dIll I] 11111 lull IccIdIl, 1101 Id 1’ ILTITI1I dl
OtOIC 1111 Old Ii y. I l’f’dliv’ II bc13l’a iOT] (IC ‘010 OV i’0 I] ‘I
idcLbdd hId ‘dml]ciuldl’cft ‘II dblCh 1)1111cc III tile didci”l] P~1C‘cc.
111111 d pl’cdle 01711 ctagc I ile LII] i11 Od 1110111 Clii 0 cli 111 0 pjl0rl 11111
lies r’eglmr’dhlle energy01101111!he imiciltil ic1
I. 11110 olidi]
il]0 ol vco Iovcst Cation of bile pI’Ogi’1Iil1, tile IIOIlllillIft I) PC .11111
tile cite. Iofou’malion ic collected 10 dlidhird 111111tile (Icdicion
b]illkilg Pl’dICdd0 I’eibltCll 10 coergy corlcerl]c is IIdChIl’I1lC.
Id rg~blerl‘orb]] 11111CC 111 rgd10 ,Ii1 11 ~llI1Ic ISIr thc IlI’lI IcC I
chOlbIll he ddtIlIII icb]ddl ill I ild 111’d]PI’ill]]1]1 ib]C slope. Dccl Cli
olrltbd_les ovitbi I]’ I]Otdl]IIIII 10 ‘diode ciglill icanb ‘Ilel v~i’ll
clIblIptioll 011110111 ‘11011 ]d TIlcIltil ICII Tn 11110 1111110’.
I ftc cClIeI]l.lIlC Ilecbgn 111111cc IllIel 0 Ille 2l’C’llddt plllclltial
l’or dOCI 1) 011001701/’ 1g. 1.2). lftdIIll5
, ceodill! dd’IldOl,IIIC
llcsigns OvdILlllI hed!evclopedii ilcOrporlttillg tlac 111051 ~Ippl’O11ri
ate 11cc i go dl rateg cd 11113111 Ii cdl 1111 Ile pogrom 0107 c tlmgc. All
I ‘ i “ii I I’ 1 / ‘(I tr IC I III 101 P ‘I iT] ‘1
I III ‘1 01 ‘ICli ‘ ‘I~‘I 1’. 1 ho II 111501 ch( Id(10 0 I ‘ Id ‘1 hdlib Ill] / ‘00(0’ lT’,lti lIT. III ‘nl’1T iOll.
I dl / I ‘ 1’.
III thic I 0I’l iCVdbOI]I]i ‘III 111111ccthc 1lb’CIlitdCILll Ill,
0 I OCIl r il. lOdChllnIdIlb ~lnlI ‘ledtrl Ill dyoteullo (If ftlc hoildhing
cIlodIld ftc Id ibledi. fo’CIlllcCtbli’11i encre~u’el,ttcft iddLICO ,ml Ihic
ctdec of dIddigIl lodiolle gill/mg ceicctioo 11011 llIIIccimleull, tile
Illeu’uilal dilau’Ildtcridtics of tile bIn Idling doVciOlid, ,llldI tile
lecigil of chadiog dIem ides. COlllphIter diIllUl(ItI000 lli’C pb1r1iCL~
Li rI i aIII1I’opri ImIc 1111ru I] g Ill 0 p1111cc.
dpdClI’idatioos IlIr dOcrg~conscroIltiOll pi’0II0CIS I’eliOir’d
ild 101101 ‘IttdntioO dioril]g tile c000trdudtiorldIOdhiIndOl 11i1110d.
lo (11110111 a bhlildilig pdl’l11iI, 101 dlldi gy 1111111)Old 10 dlenloir
cli ItC ‘Ol]]lIhilIOCd 00111] 1 !Ilwaml’c eirergo dOd1l’5 ic (11 tenI”11u111’CII 110111 lhc Ill’CblitdCb orelrglnecr.
11111 Id 11111cr111111cc (If COOdlrodIi mIll 011111ilpdIll doI, C11cC10c ho
0 ‘riI’~ he llI’OIlei oilcu’Imlion of tile I1o1I1!iogc auurcoirc!Itioololg
all ft omhcr cycle 1110 are ill] portlm1.
dl ho 111107dIccLipIli]cy, loper dlocooaeiltatiOil 11011
tl’Iliilling ‘or tile hhnldliilg 0 OlOOIIgCrO11111! OcCOIII1II1IS .ti’d of
o i 1111 mporl 110cc.Occopoillt edlodlmtuoo,comhinell will] pi’o~1er1111111]tel] Ill icc 111111Ol]ei’Itt lOll, mlmy 0110C 0]Ole cnci’gy 111111] all
clesigil r’cl’inen]ento.
/ 01 ii’ I
lilt I IC 1111 II II 11110 II I ‘ I I IlIC I ‘ I I IL I
0 Id it’ll 11th ‘ bLOT 3 1(11 .1 LI ‘‘‘0010 ‘0’l ‘‘lid CII
IILIIIIIII]1L. 1111 l.a n ‘II II 01110 110 bc ‘ I] or tim Ill II don
WithOlIl III~lb]b]Illd, II’iI1Clnd’ . ,1l]ll 1111011 0 ‘ 01 II IICCII1
P i luO cr5 bIllie. WTII1II] iIIIhc idILbIll I IrOls Iimer’T]]ool I]’ I CI bIhIllit
Ilidil I to tile telil 1111111] 11111db ill dod rgV dIll] cCiOhbc did dl go. II ld
team011101 ovlbrk diOddId logether lIon] tild I rot 11110. \ cpcciai
concolllmult ordodrizy englocerchImoill Iae iitdboded!(10 Ihe
IC/fill. 11110 may or Ill Ii~11111 he I he 111cC111111 CII I/diedI rida!
dl] Cull ccr, (lepeildh og on I lie b’iuao /c I OldIdl’d 111111! ill7
Of
aI’dllmtcdlol’ItI energy 1101110dId.
Witliio tile 111100Itli Cooocil ‘1 lie \nldrlc.tn llmsbiblIIe of
\rchmtectc tlleu’e Ic a bIidddll]13 ndeft br dIllllI]lbIIlIC1ltuTlg I]dOv
ilidIlO COllCdI’llI0” 111100.1110 pCCiIiC ‘lldr~ypl’Ohbcmo 11111dOilItl000, undIdIdli 17 .111 ‘lliI]llildic 00 COIltlilLIdlI ddlLIdultbOO.
711111Iii~ lldOo 11feb10, ImldIIliIO ilb~l]r.ldlidlll, III’Ovcn dlcobgn
01l’I11d7 i CO 11111 COOpdl’1II iv e 11.101dovdlrl0
(10cc0(11 111101’ tO CO-OlIt
tile doilipetilioc spirit hclooednIil’0]0; dl’elItio ity coil! COOlinhid
10 renderLolique, diverse auol! inlcrcsting Iledigo cdllhitillod. do
It I]rOfccsidlo, cod IIII’C IllOlie in IlLir u’cloClIlOCc to chlmi’d Ihe Ii’hIulo
(If Ilor illdIiVidOIll cx pcrirllcllts, socdeoceo,11011 I’lmiiol’cc.
liriagiule dIOCtlll’0 11011 odidntisIs .10 l’dIOl’111111 to ohau’e 111cm
l’cselmrdl] 110 we umi’c; tIle lie 1110 01 od euide Illid Oleli Id 01’ 0011(1111
he ovhcrelhc held! of energy bechuio!ogy 0 OIlIly!
TIME ~‘
/ll I II II’’ , lu 1/// Ii ‘II ///I/I/I’ /0 /0/ / II 0/,,,
3 IllS ‘, I // /I 1, /11 I 1’ / //lI /1/ /
‘ftN I ‘ 1. 1 ‘ I ft 0 1,1 ‘ Ii ft ‘‘ C ft ‘i Ill
ii I II Inn’s I I p’~ u II ‘ oldI ‘c 11/11,1 1 I III” I, . 0” ‘n’nI 0 (10] I ‘ ‘ OliLot
l’l’ 0 I1
III rug I ‘ Ill]’ I IS (iI’odup \T ‘I ltd ‘Ic
c/lllcidcnd 110 ‘cc ‘all ccllel i.ltlC Idol’ II Ill kIll hO ‘0 hl1ClLlliiOC 11
siluCle hIgI] rise 1000cr. 10010 11100 ‘Id 11111111 hIll! nbC schelrlc.
ill] d rg~ 11111115 ceo ovc Id ~d rI’or’ineft ‘0r kId hofIb dcc IlIltilIlic
00 Ilich ClIncillerdlI the 110td1]Ii.II Ion 11115 llLihtmg 1101! solar
CO0ll’0l. ft lOid i’ldd oclleme 00110 ddicdtCll leatoning a loon
01015 OfIiCd .11111cc .1 I’ltLll dons 1111’11
111g stnbIdttlr’e (Eu p. 7.2).11110 ChOIC’ 0110 Iddolddl to ftc Ibid 111001 ‘lldr’e\ ‘I’I’~~ idol,
I’CoIIltlrlg Ill looocn III]dl.ltlb / .lIld ‘ inotndm hIll] COoto. 5111110
sf11/idof (bdcigbl II I]lIln’ ‘01,01010 ‘TTdI0~\ .1111110 010 00110 Pdi
I Il’I]ldd. (‘ollIpIll ‘ ‘kIll IlIltiOllo 00 ‘Id IbOddI TO pdnbol Ill I pan
‘Ill dInIC 0111 liec ho ‘oplon’ ‘la/ilud, idIltil” 11111 IncLIbaIliOll
Chiolded. (‘oliipotcr 1111.115dId 0110 11011 pCrbol’0]dll III 1100101 in
the Ilcoign (If exterillll chadlullg Osoldills Ion bile llLnldiog.
The 1!eoi Ci] (If Ible I! MS\ (‘duller inCOl’1101’Illdd COI1C1’CtcI’ino 1101! Itvei’illmllgc 111111 (‘001101collin heumt 1101! “lore ovhilc
110 TO’ 1 ft 1.1 I’’II 111 1 1 / I . i I
‘1.100 ccl I ‘Ii li’°’i ft I 1 ‘liT T’/l / II’ 01111’ Id”In
Im i 0 ft 1110 ‘ I ndn” I I IiNhb I1dT] ‘II ‘II III. \I ‘11101
(II Ii’ hI 1111111’ 101 l’oubl stIll dI’LI] ‘IlLbi’ IT 1. ft 011111’’ lu ITI1C
‘00 dcli 001111 In I clIldeIll l’1bbnIC Illoovo III lose Ii”I]t dl I Id
tile Cdlortyllll’il 01 11 iuc 01111(lIllllIIIlC (III idd’0 I ‘i / ~. I l]c101111117.11111 ,lil’ COllllIliOnillg .0’d C111111’OhlddI 115 II colopolen
I/elI code) lilalllledullellt d\ dciii.
!‘l]c 1lccigo 00.10 doliollIldIf 10 I’dliOdd blid Ildilloodi Ion
electruchiglituog Ily /5k .1011 l’ddlLlCd bile IOn CooLlitionunii bollft
115 dId .10 com1
llil’ed 11111 i’et’lcclive gl:moc 1100 l’eoolliog In
sigllitiCIIIOl 0110 iillg over Ill/fly dlIl’c. I lie lmftdIlhIIIllbml Cool Ion
‘lTl’nCs C005dI 0 IltiOn I’c.mtoi’eo id doIlO]llbcll to he 7 I 2k. II
the ‘nerO OlllIlIllCdil]dl]t 05 OtdlO / 00 Indll .1100 IblClIldldd cc ctcmlc
‘on hoibdhog Tl],liOld’01111dd, cddllniby 1011 hId l1l’~lddtI~0tic
‘\dlLldIddi, bile Cool Ill ‘lld~~5COildd’l 01111(111ill Ill’ I IMS ft
(‘enter is 11010 Sd of the ‘oI]olnodbioll Coot.
Ilu i 0 I I’ ‘lo Ill I 110 ‘I I’ ‘IT II I ‘
lbTlit ‘01111 0s0 ICtIll - IT] ‘I ‘ Ili 1 ‘ft .
Illic ‘lll]IthItlli’TIt 10111111 ‘IdId iuth’c ‘I’ I ‘1
ITTiT~’ II II’
PI’oICCt, lu ‘I ‘ is ill be dI],lnd ‘ tI~II thc I iou ft n bill 001 I I’
‘liengs ‘IIid’bellt. I he .bnchltectCIIIT 1001cr ill o ml ‘I ‘c 111111001
hio mllnl,dluil” dI’Ionl. I’lle lolImr 0.10 lhlgo lIImldIill.lb (II ellen//S
d’llOdCI 0 IltiOl] sillIOld 0111 he00 enlllokell .1011 ‘dIll cdllIllg 1110!.
.\i’dbliledts oviti] dOdI’C\ 10.115 dId e\pdr’ldndd 0.10 ftoleu’niinc bIle
IldIllIll dOdd111111 0110 1170 b’orelmch pI’lljddt. [hoc ClIll Ile II
O .1ILIIII1Id diddiOlOll ll]IlkIl]C bum! ‘on bIle Clleol. Oldlgs’If I
didlld5 111001 he 111111 ‘cOded I ‘1111CR bIb OIICIIIS 001111 ‘11db
poldIlt ill1 ClIdrIt 111111 .111111 Ollnr.ltd I’eeo 1111101 le ‘I1.ll’Cd’ ITO (10iTbCl’d.IOCII Icclgll COdlO. I Ime IOCI’dllcddl (Iccrgil Coolo In’ ill tell
O ‘no 0111.111 Ill Colblpal’islul] Ill bI~tcnlTIll 1111Cr ItIti 0’ Cd 01 sIlO II1L’d.
1 11111 I ‘CCOtb\,Iild ICc ‘IOIId’l 5 COillITlll0]dnt Ill ‘OdI ‘,\ ‘I
CidllC\ 00110 I’r’cqodnlly diepenllent (111 00 Iletllcr lie 111150 liic 110011
otiit\ hillo. ihic sitoltllon 0 ChImOglOg 110 lenlmoto bccoune
1l1111’d cOIlitidIlClItddl, oOillclIilllco lilOdOc eriog 1111111 lI]dindndl’g5
ClIOlO coded! heir ‘curIo.
IN ii N’
‘01/
k’L’j ~
(-C
II I
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N 0IB$~1
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WALL SECTION ‘IMSA CENTER
‘I
Ift I I, / hI / I . 0 I I I ‘. I I
Il 11111’. 0 ‘‘Ill( l’h I 1111 II I 0 I .7
I Ld Ii’. .‘II’’l Ill lhc ( I ‘ I IC C II 1 11111
15 01 ‘I Cl. ill ILIf IC mn’r’o ( 1 1 l~biII COO III I ‘ (bIll] CI]
III b]c dl 01011 (If tIc Ill ‘be ‘1 i3111l 11111’ lTd II luil ‘dc,
ft 111Cr sOil \csdldlulbds. .0111 ‘11db “5 COT OTlIhIlIlId 11713 11000.111
l//lLldd’dh oIl /1115Ii”l]t 1011 511101110.SdIlle I]l,,ofds 00 ‘IC lIlilt lol
I’d lidhl leo do .11111 dl]adillmg ef Iectrcdi]ddo Illrhi 0 .1i’IdIO ml
schematIcddOiCOd. (‘olllpoler OlOlOllltillOd 00 dId OcdlI 111T1TIIIIL’b the ‘ncneo lIce (If lime .lln dIlilftitilIillIlC 50 debiT Ion ‘11db(icdigr]. I.lle 10 dId Cost ‘dtlmliltdc Ion ‘.bCII IccI’Il 0
leo ‘lIlpcft 1(111] thic 111111Ill,ltilIIl.
I’I]c linlIl ftddl”ll It Ihe ll]lelcLb ISimilIlille (cabled IT IllsOlo ‘0 10 ImouI]’’’bl’ II’Irt heel il]I ftc cII.lC ‘ Ii .. I ft
Ill’ ‘I 111 n’IhclI hI’’l’uc. Ill 11000
I lId’ .10111 ft’ TI oh II’ l’ILIOI ‘cd’]I i hoT
(/1 I ~l Id /0 I ‘ 110(1011101 I.uo Ii’h I .0111111’. It v Ic ‘cI
I I LII thlO ft ‘ lldllllOO’Il II 0 chllleblt ill ‘Tucn”y ‘OIl ‘no.1110
:‘,lton ‘0 IlliOLll]tddI (I coo hh,bl I / (If tIle IloilIbIhe hulcc
‘I 0001 1 Ii III ‘Oct (In 111111110 01.11db SI 35,0(111.SVI1IIc Iblic
11111db.’ 11110 1101 llcco I]lOnllOI’dlI 10 dldtdnillllle lIdtoab dncnes
0.10 Ill~c,peddled ‘Odn”\ 0,10 ill gO we on tile 1110 ge II
0/It tthlI-3S,(ltI(t Idn \dllr. I Ile 1i’ddlidtdft 1111) 1111db, I/fl Ille
bllllitloullml 1110 L’olllldill 00110 llppi’dI\Illr.mtdI)/ (.2 \d111’c. C,mombe.1011 (4111Cc Ilebicoelf tb/fl tilCl’d 00110 vlmbLle lbSdOCilllCd! 00111] OhidIl
11 cleoicn 1111mb COllIdi Ile l’dCOO ‘I CII ovhcn lId Ilollllilig 00110 00111.
ftlc.111
co bIle, hdllllntc ‘0100 boo ‘n (111d1’.ltill/’ COolo, T’csoihilud ill
I 1OIILIIOC hull Ic .ltbl’llCtIO e bun lelmoille,
Dec ‘limp ‘Ic OblOlIbdi ‘Imuidlller Ihe lllondt.li’V 0 IliOd (II 11111 lId
ICC ‘lmllIllid inldnlIln ‘110 Iloi]mcol. 00111110 IIi’d IIltdI’ddtddl In
b]dln ‘lIlpIlmo ‘Cc OIl olllicl’lldbilmo Ion pI’ollodlio ilv T’dllSllilc,
lOll L.iIl pa) l]1Oi’C Ion 0IItOi’IlI bight, .mdccds to clllmftcdh 0010
‘loom 0, .11111 lllllhIi’lII 0 dIltibIllIOll, [hc / sick hlnld!ing / oyIl/!u’/imc
ic pni l]anily ollscro eft ill l1IIlIdIlnizd ovith .o’tif icially 10010
1111 0L’lt iolei’ior coo il’onmcnt 0.
‘I. I’ i ‘. I I: I
1 0 iO ‘ / I 1 11111 1 1 ‘I I ol
il ci c o,ih’ 0’IIt’ I I] I I c I ‘II’’dI
III’ ‘0 ‘I’ I I (lull k.
I I’ (‘c I’ ( 10 Il” I (( 0 11(11111(11 101 Il n/I I
10.11001 Il) 00 11 ‘ft Ill ‘ 11110111 C .10 COOl ‘111111 ‘110 I~’ Illlicdugbl IIIICTI1.ltlc ‘0 dIll lId nIlllbd. II heabbo(1111) 01111 Illdtor
111111 C/fl] he TOd bsllI’d’dh Ill dilIIllli’c 11011 bIb cillIllIft ImI’ 0 dOO eft Ic
(hid llmdtoln II] .1 ColopI’dildIlsbO C sColId (If hecidloll 11111101113.
I Of’ id .1 IlIdthOlt (If ‘lln]p.lnilC thel’dloi’n 1111 ‘1 bllmnticol.Ir
illo doIIlldIIl 01111 IbTe I’ClIll’O OIl I ho IOIhdtid.lI ‘Ilcol pIIdsiblld
OOddtnldllt oI’b’eT’eft ‘111000 hci’e ‘Ice. I’he llccoollt l’lIld’ /11100
LI
IS 1, / ‘/1
/1 / . ‘ / / ‘I I’,
1.7 I/,, I//I, I,’ ‘I Ill//I/I//I’. 19/I 1 1,11/ /‘l
I/I I,’ // /1 1 / I/// II,’, I /1/ / 1’ //I,I,/l/,,Iu, roitII / /1/ ‘ / 1/ Il / li/I / I//Il
‘I t 10
1 ‘ (ii H h ‘01
ii’ ioi I ‘I H I ‘OH (1 H) L 1W j H Hlkl\
ICHII i\ (1 the to (HI I Lit ‘H ed. liAh Ikeowit rate cod to
il 01’ 5’OOetl 0th1
HiCk palol 11(0 ‘I’ lilotectI 0 ithde ened ieHel to
\‘1an~ot thee eHiatloHI iH LC(’ HI ol~e HiO\ Hi~111111
H1olie~ t Iek\V(IlHl( aHd loio lId thioii~htime tI’i~. id). I hi~II Heee(laI\ ii) COol Cit lirelelil loIhill cod litwe dollall to5011 deiii IwoHIlir. lie I ( (‘ 111(11 III Coli\ ‘ill ill Ii1OHC~to
ill let p1 ‘(CH1 iI (hilt h oell id~oi ed ill tho lioo~
ill C Ii ‘e I ~ ‘~ t ‘I’IHI tlHop! ~ hue~. lie loople1ul\ ha ‘I i ‘~iodI ‘(loll! to th idiled Hiiti5il ill Ii ((led hIthe IHHHSII I\ (H o. I h ‘~e 111(11 1 ‘1 0101’’ the tulle \ ilHe ot
(H 1 t I ‘I’ lo (n OIl ot t,i •‘il~ ‘ lt ‘I
lleHt II Ii’’’ ‘110 ili’H )H HO
\ 001 to Fhuio uikec too w~ 1)1)11 1 Ii ‘II
‘I ‘ C Oh .111(1kIII oi thehool Ici 51 1) OuCH toi \i’ ‘Ill
‘et hirht,l 011111 I\Iteuooljlpuouleh to) ptiuOl/ultiOui it th’hoilduos III (I holeprodoeelH10l’C (lelIllIhIe reIHhll thlaH
I (1’ 4~pp~edto mdo 1(111(11 hLuuldiHC eoliipolieolo Feeouid. lou’
lie 10111111 ol iii FCC aHalia~to he iuuterated iuito liedeliCIl, ii 11111 poi’
tuuo
t that lie uulal\IiI lie completedearll 0
the(1C05H pl’oeeo. .\ the (tell 50 l’~~e~lil’oCl’eoe(. ]iiCli\
OlitIOIi(i’Cl(ltiHCtOliilildIliCOl’IeHtutti)H, ‘OlllI’Hl’lItiOH.
dcl ll5htiHii 111(1 other Itu’litC’ieI euio Ho loH5er C’ ‘t I ‘‘ill ‘K
Hie ‘(‘((ted,
Ii’ 1 t t i ‘I I ‘II I. 11 tl t
Ott (‘H HO (Ii I (I )l ‘1 I(I OH iitd ‘ Ft I ~ t~o ill (I. ‘
l)o ‘lot I ‘o loll, I’ i ‘1 o tot Il It ito 0’ ‘
‘Her ‘I oil (H~(.
I here,o’’ bee 0 ‘K o r’ilil’it thite, H Ii’ Ill ‘Hilt I ‘I
(I’ c. 1./Ft. I lie I (lOt II (poets lIdI. 110111 (H uluehlieetHral
ItululdpOiHt. lfl~l’O\ 0 hid Iieueot \( wdoo I\IieulII (It tell
(HIlLel the 111)11 hello. Retleetule t’iluii oiuu lie applIedto
1.9 I ,,; di,
I’ /
F P ‘ S nqt~ 011 pOOh C Au loOt SCAI ‘(ChiC I I gte v I U Ii om(‘101 0 rI P0
F -A
A
1(5’ Sr uVutti SOWcI I I Ci ‘, 1~ I
10’ 11’ .11 101’
qte 1(1 0 UI I An (dl t FAAld( (1 1 I igI ‘ 1 0 ((CO3’ el .i he F
S e A” (I ,/V~tti ~i
itu I ( J 1 (1I ‘0 I, coo’
I- r A h CV(C ‘S ‘0(1 (Ii (
core; I ViHI) Ji~,
iii VIOl) A (111
\IoW lql ting Syolt eixu
MOtor Sluodtnq Devices
D iytuqhttnq
F I l(iii/( 1
1.11) /5 ((‘/11 (1(0,
Air Condiltonmq
Window I ‘ImRelamp I ixtures
Hate Study
OperattooolPtt’iri
Suuldtnq Cotoi~
H eq taxHi q
tosubotion
Root Retort ots
Replace -quipinent
New Building Ski 1
\bew MechanicalSystem
I i idicac eq tnto’ 1011
t~ii CI uuq~s
Stiadtnq DevIce MC 3y em
MC SyCel i
*
h( ‘11 ‘I . ((Ill
F Fill1
‘H t 01 ‘ I 11110 I t ‘ ll( 1(1 Il 1
I 1)1101 iHlldt sill ‘ oF I Ill ‘ Hip!111111 ‘~ ‘( Ill CHC’ Ii i plo~it’wiotl IIIS 0 hI’ lh II
II’ ctiodi I I ‘ I huoldi n’. Ct 1 (~I c15 ‘I ‘ I I (HI I H
I 10111 o I ‘lectric I
\ moo~ I lie uo termed1,1 he IOC111(1IC I, he ‘sire 110101)111 u ((Iii
rebatedto ui’chiteetuu’aI (ICCihiOllI. I he~eiolot\e ch,iuigiuig
hiuildlllg colors 10 thaI they ,ll’C mole uel Ieell\ C, legla/ilIg.
oog iobub,Ihion ill the u’oot and 11,1111, changIng ‘001 iog
otatel tall, ,iddiog b,uuldlcaliuog, (lid I000rpou’alIog e\terolil
sh,ldu115.
Majo r’lltiItl 1111 1)11 ‘ hOld ‘apital ihiteuili\ ‘ till ‘hlIliCillI
tO 10 ‘r’ II’ ‘Il’IV\ ‘III’u’ ulC ,uuld colild ioehiude toe Irpolaluil
ao ‘o Ii III hog kuot IOCI CpOl’ 11111” IlatOr shiaduo‘ del o ‘1.
whii h1
i0t ‘IltIllbl\ tllClHdC (lavbi”htuog lylteInlu (((1(1 hierhlapl
ci ill lii” iheplioobllheloteuborli\ )lhltOt)’IliOu’C ‘ll’ctlle.
I 7 I , S i ‘ I r’ I ‘1 I ‘I ‘ I ii a I i II
Cli or ‘bIteooc~IlilbIdlI “s ‘10 l’o dl ha o s hIs\F. \l S o ‘I St iii I’o tI I I o. hiool ilu 1301hIhull
xii io A lll ‘od ‘d ( habit ‘I i it I hue ot 111101 But (11115
id’ BC’ to ocR ‘oilditiool ,lui I ‘idopied it wuih lb e 9 9
BC. ( hiapt ‘r o7 toc 011010 ‘d hlilldiulg Cm ehopeheal
l’,oihiOtlhlOO criteria, ,ll hell ,11 alreoodihioliiuig auud 001CC
hot ~ udCreqrltliliteOt criteria, haledon the \SI RAP Itan
laid. I lie hi2htlogp00100oh’ ilte chapterwa~locally
,lltlellded to adoptuo~tead a ItInpIe hightiog 1111111, ill Wattl per
lqu~tl’C loot oh’ t’loor Hell. or I Irloill typesoh’ biulldlogh. ihe
linocuhial lil’t’tcohtl with Chapter ‘(1 slab that h eliiphullu/ed‘IiCrC~ coolel’l 101011 tltlruog cold weather,,iuiil (lull Hot
lc’Hratell t11(hidbd a (‘lilnale luke I Ills im. I he I IoooluluIt 111db” 1) ‘hilirlullellt lul’ther ‘Cl led lie eiier~~cOoleI’v (tub
h)I’01 t 11111 1 uth the idopttoo01 the 1051 1(0(1 the ‘lirl’eult I055t l3( . FIle I looohulo l3lliblhilug Code, \rllcle Duel5~
(olulerl (lion ‘ appliesto Hew hiulldingl ((ltd ,tddituon~(I’ 15.
/ I / I, \rhicbe 7 ha’, pl’Clcriptll C l’equll’eoieotl 501010(05 the
deli guioh’ I lie hill I Id 105 (‘01 elope,II VAC ~ ltCO1s, elect ‘ic
/ / I
pI’( I H ‘ (I’ .ll ‘H ‘ I (I (0 hu I ‘ 11111 I ‘ 1 I (It )
II 0’, 10 11)0 H I’ I ha i I ill ar I IhItI V ‘01 II 11.1 II
II’ Sot I’ CII 01 I ‘ 10111 1(1 ‘ (1011111 ~‘Il 1 110).
111111 I ‘ Oil ( ‘ar IhIlt thi ‘ ‘t)lIll)I)l CO ~l~l° 1,1 ‘Il Ii
hot dill’ ‘ill ClOtiC I ‘(1(111 ‘Iiieulil (11 ‘d 10 ArtIcI ‘ 11011 tO
,ucc000hbr totpol tallt lhii( u’aLlloOl heiweeuiIlltCrO,ih loadl ,iod
I ariOlil belttul’Cl oh the hiotldiog Cull elope, loCh o glakog,Ilruelihatloo ,(lud shadio~..\Sl IR,’\It 11111 Ii ice colopleled .1
Itlator CCI 1(00 ASI IR.\I’ 01), ID to the ltaodard 110 II hicll\rticle 7 is haled, lS\teolile cooiputer1(liiulatioos oh leluglil
cooilil\ tog II ith the ‘el wed Itaodard lemooltl’llhe 1(goitieaot,
colt ‘IICCtiI C l’CductIOuII (II Well COlislilliplwl \l hole
‘uildunui(, IlCsIhshti\ Iorth ‘ 1lelI”oCr l”’g / / I
‘di 11)11 IT V
V (‘V Fill. Or I I I lr
11 II Ill II ph
1 1
‘I I I I]
I I I
‘r I ‘ TI VI .dll’
II
1.12
I -‘ PRESCRIPTJVEREQUIREME~TSOFARTICLE 7~~
‘01,10 1NENT FlIV 00Ill 1IMIV NC
‘11 I’ II II I c’ I ii lr
NI II I ,‘IIIldOV,’ II I’ll) V II kyj ‘ ‘ ii
V I 5,111 ‘1q11 (Id 1 I 11,1
‘III I 1111
I ,I il ill ‘ IV,’ I
jI VII ,C (ii II
003
1.11
lilill OINO TYPE ENEIiGV CODER QUIREMENIS
N (‘1 1 I . ‘ 11 I 1( .11(1 1
I V I VI ,‘I
V (lIlt
111 ‘ II
II
V II
//‘ It
IN I 1’ \I’,S
I I (C It, Ill ‘ I I 1 (1 ‘~~h~’ 0 00
tII ‘. I llFlItL\Sl’( 1511 s ‘hIaI’CqIII
.leot 01 II c IC I V ‘1101 ItOH (I! lOlilta C ‘. (hi” Ill
III ~I Oj)Ob( I C C (be I ii 111111 1 11111111 I ‘1 s h hi
rICh ‘II Pr IbClllOIlliI , htdhdto ~dCnIt t( tlthl lIliIh1lIo~
os lieu I ,IblCh 1 1111110CII. Ill (I Olhel 111(1 ~ilI ho lithe In chIll the
l~opo~edl’C9L( II Cl(iCOtI.
h I be! s I I ‘Ill 1 I III 1’ OaIIcoH to ‘CI ill Cl ho ili St’ Ii’ ii
I CO II’15 h lildiOl 1)1111 1 IoI’ hi’yoo bihdmtlltl ouiielbii
(‘0111 o’ed I codc t 01 I till! iOl~Oi’Ii 0cc. lo ( abilorulil told
Fheu 11,10’ , lIl( (‘11111 (‘1 lll’C ObbCl’CII lou Ohs IICI I 1000111111s.u h
HlOI’C Itrtligcoi Cud Cl COCICI Ill thc peroid hehou’ecode
CObOphIllOcC hocooiel lOlllldHhOl’l. I hts 1101 dcl th It,HC 111th
a tell Crooli to Sorb~(lot 9 L(Clt(I)lll ot I otel’pl’etatioo lmd ((pp1
01(11011hohiil’c tldl.Iptliufl hy thlc liLlhilio Ill b0l’Li~. All addltiollall
hcnc’h’tt 1 that a 5’Oup 01 cleligo pl’olell(ollldl ~uR hioldillg
(lepal’to(eotol’t icIldI should hccomebImlillar II ith theItluidlu’dl, Caslllg theIr acceptimcc.
I await 00(11(1 aIm oIler (OCCOtIl Cl 101 OIl ocrs 1(11(1 (DId
0pCI’. ill l(d01
11 COdI’d I CIII I ICII (Hi OIl I CIII We I lie I end I hI) IC
Inalldaldd III cliddI (1 I~.1./F), \u IlicCOtIb C p105101 coold
110110 OOldCIC(t 010CC, IC h ‘oo , - ‘ ilt I ‘I I I
r\lI 10 1101dm I.
I (00w tI ‘I the Pohhtc I It ill ( )OlOltIlIOiI I HI
ICihoir (I otthultu ill 01101 110011 1 Cl Oil thuc louiidl hIlt COil
bell liIiOO OiC,IlLil’Cl ,II oid iho Lll1
ittllt cOhtI r ‘qLl odd to
COOltl’0Ct Hell ~OIVCI p1111111. 1 lIel’e 1 II good pl’CcCdC0t 101
lllceotisel 10 colilerse encrg\. I lay ou bIllIe 11111 p105 idel
1,15 l’ocIlot bar expCI(Lhitul’cI hy 11(01(111) (IS 1(1211111 1~lC1(11,11
dl0’l’g~ 10 lieu (It boslib I LIe! 01 chcctricity.
A El C A C, A BC
Br~~chB’ 1,1’ Modu 1 011cc High 011’
Aoartm flu
Ate
And o Store Warehouse
01C
III
01C
000
V‘1S
Ctohi.
cc‘V
a
DFSIGN ASSIS1ANC[
REGULAi DRY
OTHER
Rebale Progran
Clingy tHolIlne
D re Dr .,Igi AssSAIl 0 II rougtCo isotar II DC Stahl
D 11gb 5001CC p ograbrl
0FIOrIly HoldIng on Prorcolng
I o Areoh/aflo(t/ Ho ue
Ut Ity 01 i’ Vail Pr glai
Dolqr (ompni’ II
a4 11 I 1 1,111 11 III (I 1 1 / 1 1 1 Ii
U
110 “- ~
a100 01
0’-a~I
0 0 001 01 0,
III- ro
(CVaS 0
II’0 50
(7111
a-IC
MONETARY
0
TVxC, cdi,
DIrecI 0 erliVI I ayu~~erI
0
1 1 1 of / I It (I,,
H I ‘I , ‘I s ‘ ‘I, I III t ‘ o’ 1 1
oh ‘ II,t dii II I 11111 II IjlI1’~I. 511 r 11’
10 ItI tinSel 11 11(1, th’”’r’ ib~ 01’ II’ I 01 II
H Ii bIb tIll ‘Siddl I’.. ,onhthi’t S I (I I I I’
IhlIlCi IC IC’ Iluc tir ‘1110” IICCd I) r’iICI”\’oIIb’rl litlill,
SI hil’0IC0’W0~ II C ill Lilt hook Ibel Olld the dal 10 11111
1111111 Ill pihhlblC O~illl0li ,mil plaIt I’or tb’ Iotol’e, Slam Ill the
Iiuub(llludb IlCli”l CII tod,w lIhIb ClIlt (ithudic,(r 11111/ 0111
CCI (lIld. SI o’chiuheco. our ,(ttCOtIOH ,iuid cllllluoitmeult A
‘uier”l ‘I luct ‘110 1101,11 stIl IICOCbtt AIr ‘ I ‘ill , ibid I lalblluu’I
~ 0111 ‘. I ir Iii II I I ,lrl to ‘ 1111
II I I’ll ‘III .11 1 , 1111 II II
I ‘ , ‘ h I ‘ Ni ‘ 111 1 Si / , 1/ 1 ( .1 SI , ( I I’ ,I1 I, I - it , I Si/il’ 1/ /1
St t N I Sd 55 I IS
II ‘ .0/. ((1.11 /1/ /1/1 I /I’l Ii 1/)11 iI 01 AC/Il tais ,ttro St ,t lllI,tI’II’I ‘11111 bIll, ill
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