N UTRITION, H EALTH AND C HRONIC D ISEASES Franco Sassi PhD OECD, Health Division 3 rd OECD Food...
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NUTRITION, HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASES Franco Sassi PhD OECD, Health Division 3 rd OECD Food Chain Network meeting Paris, 25-26 October 2012
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Transcript of N UTRITION, H EALTH AND C HRONIC D ISEASES Franco Sassi PhD OECD, Health Division 3 rd OECD Food...
NUTRITION, HEALTH AND CHRONIC DISEASES
Franco Sassi PhDOECD, Health Division
3rd OECD Food Chain Network meetingParis, 25-26 October 2012
UN High-level Meeting on NCDs
Leading Risk Factors for HealthAttributable Mortality, 2004
Source: WHO, 2009
2004 2015 20300
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
High income Higer-middle incomeLower-middle income Low income
Deaths from NCDsWorldwide, by Income Group
Source: WHO estimates and projections, 2008
The Obesity Epidemic
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Rate
of o
verw
eigh
t
Year
USA England
Spain
France
Canada
Korea
Italy
- - - Past projectionNew data points
Source: OECD Obesity Update, 2012
Obesity: a Global Epidemic
India
China
Russia
OECD
Brazil
S Africa
UK
Mexico
% of adult population
0% 10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
• In Brazil, obesity tripled in men and doubled in women in 30 years; in India, up to 40% are overweight in urban areas
• Diabetes in China is now as common as in the US
• Obesity accounts for less than 1% of GDP in most OECD countries, over 1% in the US and up to 4% in China
Overweight and Obesity in Children
Source: International Association for the Study of Obesity (2011).
Children aged 5-17 years who are overweight (including obese), latest available estimatesGirls Boys
Korea Turkey Poland
Sw itzerland Japan
Norw ay France
Denmark Slovak Republic Czech Republic
Germany Netherlands
Finland Sw eden
OECDPortugal Spain
Australia Slovenia Iceland Hungary Canada
United Kingdom Chile
New Zealand Mexico
Italy
Russian Fed.Brazil
United States Greece
China South Africa
India
9.910.3
12.413.1
14.414.714.915.2
16.216.9
17.617.9
19.119.5
21.421.6
22.924.024.4
25.525.926.126.627.1
28.829.0
30.935.9
37.0
4.517.7
18.319.8
21.1
01020304050
% of children aged 5-17 years
16.211.3
16.316.716.2
12.913.114.1
17.524.6
22.614.7
23.617.0
22.923.5
32.922.0
28.722.0
25.528.9
22.728.628.228.1
32.435.0
45.0
5.913.6
20.624.2
23.1
0 10 20 30 40 50
% of children aged 5-17 years
The Cost of Obesity
US
Portugal
New Zealand
Canada
Germany
Australia
France
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7%
% of healthcare budget
Sources: Roux & Donaldson, 2004; Konnopka et al., 2011
What Can Prevention Achieve?
An Affordable Prevention Package
0
1
2
3
4
5
Tobacco useAlcohol use
US
$ p
er
head
4.5
1.2
0.4
• Search for more causes?• Many causal factors irreversible and
likely to have increased welfare, overall
• Need to search solutions that work:– Effective at individual level– Meaningful impact at population level– Cost-effective– Positive impact on health disparities
Where Do We Go from Here?
• Increasing choice
• Information, education, influencing established preferences (nudging)
• Raising prices on unhealthy choices
• Banning unhealthy behaviours
What Solutions?
Prevention is Everyone’s Business
InternationalOrganizations Civil Society
Private Industries
Interest Groups
Government
Academia
Ministry ofAgriculture
Ministry ofHealth
Ministry ofEducation
Ministry ofTransport
• Breaking barriers– Listening to each other– Opening our minds to different
perspectives
• Improving our understanding of:– What is at stake– What works– What solutions are viable
What are We Here for?
