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Slide 2 n Today, I will learn... Identify changes in domestic policy during the Progressive Presidencies of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson. n I have learned it when I can... recognize that key issues in third party platforms became focal points for the major political parties. Instructional Statements Slide 3 n What were the domestic policies under Presidents William H. Taft and Woodrow Wilson? Essential Question Slide 4 PowerPoint by Mr. Hataway Revised 11.01.04 Revised 10.01.12 Slide 5 "Next to the right of liberty, the right of property is the most important individual right guaranteed by the Constitution and the one which, united with that of personal liberty, has contributed more to the growth of civilization than any other institution established by the human race." "The President cannot make clouds to rain and cannot make the corn to grow, he cannot make business good; although when these things occur, political parties do claim some credit for the good things that have happened in this way." Slide 6 Progressivism Under Taft n Election of 1908 William H. Taft (R) v. William J. Bryan (D) Secretary of War under Roosevelt Endorsed by Roosevelt Easily defeated Bryan Slide 7 Progressivism Under Taft n Antagonizing Progressives Promised lower tariffs but anger the Progressive wing of the Republican Party when he signed the Payne Aldrich Tariff. Allowed development on federal lands that Roosevelt had set aside to preserve. Brought twice as many antitrust cases as Roosevelt (90) Slide 8 TAFT HAD PROBLEMS WITH BOTH THE CONSERVATIVE AND PROGRESSIVE WINGS OF HIS REPUBLICAN PARTY. THIS EVENTUALLY LED TO A SPLIT BETWEEN HE AND THEODORE ROOSEVELT CULMINATING IN THE 1912 ELECTION WHERE THEY RAN AGAINST EACH OTHER, SPLITTING THE REPUBLICAN VOTE, ASSURING A DEMOCRATIC VICTORY. A MAJOR REASON FOR THE SPLIT WAS TAFTS FIRING OF PINCHOT. THIS WAS SEEN AS AN ATTACK ON THE CONSERVATION AND VIOLATION OF ROOSEVELTS CORE BELIEFS. TAFT DID PROMOTE SEVERAL PROGRESSIVE AGENDAS INCLUDING INITIATING MORE ANTI-TRUST CASE THAN ROOSEVELT. Slide 9 Election of 1912 nSnSnSnSplit in the Republican Party RRRRoosevelt refused to criticize Taft until the president brought an antitrust lawsuit against U.S. Steel. AAAAttempt to replace Taft as the Republican nominee in the 1912. Slide 10 Election of 1912 nSnSnSnSplit in the Republican Party RRRRepublicans chose Taft over Roosevelt RRRRoosevelt and the Progressives bolt, form Progressive Party, a.k.a. the Bull Moose Party Slide 11 Election of 1912 nDnDnDnDemocrats WWWWoodrow Wilson, former president of Princeton U. and governor of New Jersey PPPPlatform called New Freedom SSSStronger antitrust legislation BBBBank reform LLLLower tariffs Slide 12 Election of 1912 nSnSnSnSocialist Party EEEEugene V. Debs WWWWants government redistribute the wealth of the nation. Slide 13 Election of 1912 nRnRnRnResults RRRRepublicans split, Wilson easily won. DDDDemocrats take majority control of Congress. Slide 14 WOODROW WILSON (1856-1924) TWENTY-EIGHTH PRESIDENT 1913-1921 :DEMOCRAT "Government should not be made an end in itself; it is a means only,a means to be freely adapted to advance the best interests of the social organism. The State exists for the sake of Society, not Society for the sake of the State." Slide 15 Busting the Trusts n Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Increased the power of the federal government to prevent unfair business practices. Created the Federal Trade Commission Protected consumers against unfair business practices by corporations. Slide 16 Regulating the Economy nUnUnUnUnderwood Tariff (1913) LLLLowered tariffs by 25% Slide 17 Regulating the Economy n1n1n1n16th Amendment (1913) GGGGave Congress power to tax personal income & business EEEEstablished by the Income Tax Slide 18 Regulating the Economy nGnGnGnGraduated Income Tax (1913) RRRRich taxpayers taxed at a higher rate. Slide 19 Regulating the Economy nFnFnFnFederal Reserve System (1913) 11112 regional reserve banks The Bankers bank Slide 20 Regulating the Economy nFnFnFnFederal Reserve System (1913) AAAAllowed the Fed to regulate the circulation of the money supply. BBBBank Reform: required banks to keep some deposits in a reserve. Slide 21 Labor nDnDnDnDepartment of Labor CCCCreated Cabinet Post to study the problems of labor, collect statistics, and enforce federal labor laws. IIIIn 1900, over 1.7 million children under 16 worked mostly in unsafe factories and mines. Slide 22 LEWIS HINE In 1908, the National Child Labor Committee provided Hine with a monthly salary and assigned him to photograph child labor practices. For the next several years, Hine traveled extensively, photographing children in mines, factories, canneries, textile mills, street trades and assorted agricultural industries. Hines photographs alerted the public to the fact that child labor deprived children of childhood, health, education and a chance of a future. His work on this project was the driving force behind changing the publics attitude and was instrumental in the fight for stricter child labor laws. By the early 1900s, 28 states had laws regulating child labor. Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide 28 Child Labor nKnKnKnKeating-Owen Child Labor Act FFFFirst federal law regulating child labor. PPPProhibited children under age 14 from working in factories. DDDDeclared unconstitutional by Supreme Court Slide 29 Th.. th.. tha.. Thats all folks!