MySQL Presentation

1Copyright 2006 MySQL AB The World’s Most Popular Open Source Database

An Introduction to MySQLAn Introduction to MySQL forfor

Oracle & MS DBAOracle & MS DBA


ObjectivesObjectives

• Introduction MySQL the Company

• Architecture of MYSQL

• The Basic

• Configuration of MySQL

• Security

• User Management

• Backup and Restore

• Troubleshooting Step


• Founded in Sweden in 1995; Privately Owned • Employs over 300 people worldwide• Over 10,000,000 installations• 50,000 web downloads/day• Part of a rapidly growing open source LAMP stack

The World’s Most Popular The World’s Most Popular Open Source DatabaseOpen Source Database


MySQL Database Server – the 10 million!MySQL Database Server – the 10 million!

Free

Community Edition Available under GPL Software tested by

Community + basic MySQL AB testing

Release early & often cycle (3 to 4 weeks)

Bleeding edge No maintenance SLA Not supported No ISV certification


MySQL NetworkMySQL Network

Free

Community Edition Available under GPL Software tested by

Community + basic MySQL AB testing

Release early & often cycle (3 to 4 weeks)

Bleeding edge No maintenance SLA Not supported No ISV certification

Great for open source developers &

technology enthusisats

Supported

MySQL Network Software fully tested, certified and

optimized by MySQL AB Enterprise release cycles

(6 to 9 months) Annual Subscription Update Advisor Technical Alert Advisor Knowledge Base Production Support Indemnification

Great for enterprise customers and supported by

MySQL

1. Platform for Innovation

2. Change is revolutionary

3. Informal Communication

1. Platform for Stability

2. Change is evolutionary

3. Formal Support


Yahoo!Yahoo!

ApplicationMySQL powers over 200 Yahoo! properties around the world including Yahoo! Finance with 260 million rows.

Key Business BenefitLow down time for high-volume, business-critical applications. Using MySQL has reduced cost by more than $2 million.

Why MySQL? Mission-Critical Reliability “We have used MySQL far more than

anyone expected. We went from experimental to mission-critical in a couple of months.”

Jeremy Zawodny MySQL Database Expert

Yahoo! Finance


MYSQL ArchitectureMYSQL Architecture

indows™ : indows™ : my.inimy.ini C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server x.y\my.ini C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server x.y\my.ini Linux : Linux : my.cnfmy.cnf /etc/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/my.cnf /whereYouInstalledMySQL/data/my.cnf (server-specific options) /whereYouInstalledMySQL/data/my.cnf (server-specific options) (@localstatedir@ for this installation) (@localstatedir@ for this installation)

~/.my.cnf (user-specific options)~/.my.cnf (user-specific options)


Let’s start workingLet’s start working


Connecting to and disconnecting from Server Connecting to and disconnecting from Server shell > mysql –h localhost –u user –p shell > mysql –h localhost –u user –p

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 1Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.0.67-community-nt MySQL Community Edition (GPL)Server version: 5.0.67-community-nt MySQL Community Edition (GPL)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> exitmysql> exit

The BasicThe Basic


•Creating and Using DatabaseCreating and Using Databasemysql> create database tutorial;mysql> create database tutorial;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> use tutorial;mysql> use tutorial;Database changedDatabase changed

The BasicThe Basic

•Create a tableCreate a tableShell>mysql -h localhost -u root -p tutorialShell>mysql -h localhost -u root -p tutorialEnter password: *******Enter password: *******Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.0.67-community-nt MySQL Community Edition (GPL)Server version: 5.0.67-community-nt MySQL Community Edition (GPL)Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.mysql> create table cheese ( Name varchar(15) not null, weight int not null,mysql> create table cheese ( Name varchar(15) not null, weight int not null, -> primary key(name)); -> primary key(name));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)


Configuration files Configuration files Windows™ : Windows™ : my.inimy.ini C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server x.y\my.ini C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server x.y\my.ini Linux : Linux : my.cnfmy.cnf /etc/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/my.cnf ( Global options)/etc/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/my.cnf ( Global options)

/whereYouInstalledMySQL/data/my.cnf (server-specific options) /whereYouInstalledMySQL/data/my.cnf (server-specific options) (@localstatedir@ for this installation)(@localstatedir@ for this installation) ~/.my.cnf (user-specific options) ~/.my.cnf (user-specific options)

Repository of tables & stuctures Repository of tables & stuctures Linux : /var/lib/mysql or /whereYouInstalledMySQL/data/ Linux : /var/lib/mysql or /whereYouInstalledMySQL/data/ Windows™ :Windows™ : C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server x.y\data C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server x.y\data

System File & TableSystem File & Table


In WindowIn WindowStart MySql server: Start MySql server: c:\mysql\bin\mysqld-nt --standalone - You can leave the DOS window open or c:\mysql\bin\mysqld-nt --standalone - You can leave the DOS window open or close it. close it. Stop MySql server: Stop MySql server: c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin shutdown - This will shutdown the server.c:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin shutdown - This will shutdown the server.

If Mysql is install as services If Mysql is install as services c:\> net start mysql - starts mysql database server. c:\> net start mysql - starts mysql database server. c:\> net stop mysql - stops mysql database server. c:\> net stop mysql - stops mysql database server.

In LinuxIn LinuxTo start MySQL serverTo start MySQL server /etc/init.d/mysqld start /etc/init.d/mysqld startTo stop MySQL serverTo stop MySQL server/etc/init.d/mysqld stop/etc/init.d/mysqld stopTo check the statusTo check the status/etc/init.d/mysqld status/etc/init.d/mysqld statusOrOr/bin/safe_mysqld &/bin/safe_mysqld &

Command -Start & Stop ServerCommand -Start & Stop Server


Manually: Manually: mysql -u root -p -P 3306mysql -u root -p -P 3306 create myDatabasecreate myDatabaseBy a SQL script: By a SQL script:

SQL commands, or: SQL commands, or: sourcesource fichier.sqlfichier.sql

mysql -u root -p < C:\fichier.sqlmysql -u root -p < C:\fichier.sql

Running external scriptRunning external script


Security setting• Set the root password

– The default installation of MySQL leave the root password blank. So the first step to do when we login is

Shell>mysql –uroot mysql

mysql> update user set password = PASSWORD('abc123') where user='root';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

leemengh


Security setting• List anonymous users: • SELECT Host, User FROM mysql.user WHERE

User='';

• Delete anonymous users: • DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE Host='localhost'

AND User=''; • FLUSH PRIVILEGES; -- { Update and reflect change

on existing session} • Careful: by default, root has no password !

• To set a password for root:

– mysqladmin -u root password unPassword

leemengh


Security setting• MySQL uses Access Control Lists (ACLs) for all

connections, queries, and other operations that a user may attempt to perform. The ACLs are composed of tables which are used to determine privilege.

MySQL access control involves two stages:

Stage 1 Connection Verification: The server checks whether you are even allowed to connect.

Stage 2 Request Verification: Assuming you can connect, the server checks each request you issue to see whether you have sufficient privileges to perform it.

leemengh


Security setting• The server uses the user, db, and host tables in the mysql

database at both stages of access control.

• For the second stage of access control, the server may, if the request involves tables, additionally consult the tables_priv and columns_priv tables.

leemengh


User Management• The server uses the user, db, and host tables in the mysql

database at both stages of access control.• For the second stage of access control, the server may, if the

request involves tables, additionally consult the tables_priv and columns_priv tables.

leemengh


Security setting• Adding Users. MySQL users and their privileges are normally

created with GRANT statements. You may however edit the user table manually with INSERT statements. Below are examples of each.

Using GRANT statements.shell> mysql --user=root mysql mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO cheese@localhost -> IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass' WITH GRANT OPTION; mysql> GRANT RELOAD,PROCESS ON *.* TO admin@localhost; mysql> GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO dummy@localhost; Using INSERT statements.shell> mysql --user=root mysql mysql> INSERT INTO user VALUES('localhost','cheese',PASSWORD('some_pass'), -> 'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y'); mysql> INSERT INTO user SET Host='localhost',User='admin', -> Reload_priv='Y', Process_priv='Y'; mysql> INSERT INTO user (Host,User,Password) -> VALUES('localhost','dummy',''); mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

leemengh


A simple example of creating a backup of one database is the following: A simple example of creating a backup of one database is the following:

mysqldump --opt database > backup-file.sql mysqldump --opt database > backup-file.sql You can then restore it like so: You can then restore it like so: mysql database < backup-file.sql mysql database < backup-file.sql

It is possible to dump several databases with one command: It is possible to dump several databases with one command: mysqldump --databases database1 [database2 ...] > my_databases.sql mysqldump --databases database1 [database2 ...] > my_databases.sql

If all the databases are wanted, one can use: If all the databases are wanted, one can use: mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql

Mysqldump-backupMysqldump-backup


Use the "mysql" Database Use the "mysql" Database use mysql; use mysql; Show a list of Tables in the Database Show a list of Tables in the Database show tables;show tables;++---------------------------+---------------------------+| Tables_in_mysql || Tables_in_mysql |+---------------------------++---------------------------+| columns_priv || columns_priv || db || db || func || func || help_category || help_category || help_keyword || help_keyword || help_relation || help_relation || help_topic || help_topic || host || host || proc || proc || procs_priv || procs_priv || tables_priv || tables_priv || time_zone || time_zone || time_zone_leap_second || time_zone_leap_second || time_zone_name || time_zone_name || time_zone_transition || time_zone_transition || time_zone_transition_type || time_zone_transition_type || user || user |+---------------------------++---------------------------+

Basic MySQL syntax (i)Basic MySQL syntax (i)


•SHOW DATABASES;SHOW DATABASES;mysql> show databases;mysql> show databases;+--------------------++--------------------+| Database || Database |+--------------------++--------------------+| information_schema || information_schema || mysql || mysql |+--------------------++--------------------+USE database_name;USE database_name;

List data from "user" table List data from "user" table select Host, User, Password from user; select Host, User, Password from user; select * from user;select * from user;select * from user\G; { in row order} select * from user\G; { in row order}

Basic MySQL syntaxBasic MySQL syntax


•mysql -u root -p -P 3306 mysql -u root -p -P 3306 mysql> status mysql> status mysql> show status ; (<=> mysqladmin -u root -p extended-status) mysql> show status ; (<=> mysqladmin -u root -p extended-status)

mysql> show warnings ; mysql> show warnings ; mysql> show variables ; mysql> show variables ; mysql> show processlist ; mysql> show processlist ; mysql> show full processlist ; mysql> show full processlist ; mysql> show databases ; mysql> show databases ; mysql> connect mysql; ("system" tables of MySQL)mysql> connect mysql; ("system" tables of MySQL) mysql> show table status\G mysql> show table status\G mysql> show table status like "a_table"\G mysql> show table status like "a_table"\G mysql> connect myDatabase ; ( or: mysql> use myDatabase) mysql> connect myDatabase ; ( or: mysql> use myDatabase) mysql> show tables ; mysql> show tables ; mysql> describe a_table ; mysql> describe a_table ; EXPLAIN - EXPLAIN - useful for optimize & debug SQL requests useful for optimize & debug SQL requests example: mysql> explain SELECT ... example: mysql> explain SELECT ... InnoDBInnoDB SHOW INNODB STATUS \G SHOW INNODB STATUS \G show variables like '%inno%' ; show variables like '%inno%' ;

Summary useful commandSummary useful command


•Linux : check if mysqld is configurated to start in current init level: Linux : check if mysqld is configurated to start in current init level: [root]# chkconfig mysql [root]# chkconfig mysql [root]# echo $?[root]# echo $? Check if mysqld is startedCheck if mysqld is started telnet localhost 3306telnet localhost 3306 mysqladmin -u root -p pingmysqladmin -u root -p pingmysqladmin -u root -p statusmysqladmin -u root -p statusmysqladmin -u root -p extended-statusmysqladmin -u root -p extended-statusmysqladmin -u root -p processlistmysqladmin -u root -p processlist

Connection testConnection test

MySQL Presentation

Documents

Transcript of MySQL Presentation