MYRIAD MODEL User Reference Guide.pdf

7/17/2019 MYRIAD MODEL User Reference Guide.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/myriad-model-user-reference-guidepdf 1/62

MYRIAD MODELUSER REFERENCE GUIDE

MYRIAD MODEL VERSION 400ASSET VERSION 8.0

EDITION 1



© Copyright 2012 AIRCOM InternationalAll rights reserved

ASSET, ENTERPRISE and MYRIAD are recognised trademarks of AIRCOMInternational. Other product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

This documentation is protected by copyright and contains proprietary andconfidential information. No part of the contents of this documentation may bedisclosed, used or reproduced in any form, or by any means, without the priorwritten consent of AIRCOM International.

Although AIRCOM International has collated this documentation to reflect thefeatures and capabilities supported in the software products, the company makes nowarranty or representation, either expressed or implied, about this documentation, itsquality or fitness for particular customer purpose. Users are solely responsible for theproper use of ENTERPRISE software and the application of the results obtained.

This User Reference Guide finalised on18 January 2012.

AIRCOM International LtdCassini CourtRandalls Research ParkRandalls WayLeatherheadSurreyKT22 7TW

Telephone: +44 (0) 1932 442000Support Hotline: +44 (0) 1932 442345

Fax: +44 (0) 1932 442005Web: www.aircominternational.com



MYRIAD Model User Reference Guide MYRIAD v400; ASSET v8.0

CONTENTSINSTALLING MYRIAD MODEL WITH ASSET .................................................. 7

INSTALLATION ......................................................................................... ...................................... 8

REMOVAL ........................................................................................................... .............................. 9

LICENCE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................... 10

Standalone License ............................................................................................. ......................... 10

Server floating license ........................................................................................ ......................... 11

Borrowing floating license ........................................................... ............................................... 12

DISTRIBUTED PREDICTION ................................................................................................ ...... 15

Configuration .............................................................................................................. ................. 15

MYRIAD Model licenses ............................................................. ............................................... 15

Workstation machine configuration ..................................................... .................................... 15

Client machine configuration ................................................................ ..................................... 16

THE MYRIAD MODEL ........................................................................................... 17

CONTEXT ................................................................................................. ....................................... 18

THE MYRIAD MODEL ........................................................ .......................................................... 19

THE PROFILE COMPONENT ....................................................... ............................................... 19

The principle behind the profile component ............................................................. .............. 19

Management of raster geographic data .................................................................................... 21

Profile extraction of raster geographic data ............................................................................. 21

Deygout's methods of calculating diffraction .......................................................................... 22

THE MORPHOLOGY DATA ......................................................... ............................................... 24

Improving propagation accuracy based on morphology ....................................................... 24

THE FACETS COMPONENT ......................................................... ............................................... 25

The principle behind the facets component ............................................................................. 25

The modeling and function of the facets component ............................................ ................. 26

THE GRAPHS COMPONENT ........................................................ ............................................... 27

The principle behind the graphs component ........................................................................... 27

The modeling and function of the graphs component ........................................................... 28

THE TRAIN COMPONENT ........................................................... ............................................... 30

CONFIGURING MYRIAD MODEL WITH ASSET ............................................ 31

THE ‘PARAMETERS’ TAB ........................................................................................................... 32

General parameters ................................................................................. .................................... 32

Geographical data ............................................................... ......................................................... 33

Output directory .................................................................................................................... ...... 35

THE ‘TIME OPTIM’ TAB ............................................................... ............................................... 36

Prediction parameters ........................................................................................................... ...... 36

Radial .............................................................. ................................................................. .............. 37

Inner/Outer area resolution ........................................................ ............................................... 38

Optimized calculation area ......................................................... ............................................... 39

THE ‘RADIO’ TAB.......................................................................................................................... 40

Radio optimization ................................................................................................................ ...... 40 Typologies effects .................................................................................... .................................... 41

Depenetration ........................................................... .............................................................. ...... 41

Building calculation ........................................................... .......................................................... 42

Computed data ............................................................................. ............................................... 43

THE ‘ADVANCED’ TAB .......................................................................................................... ...... 47

Key features .............................................................. .............................................................. ...... 47

Train option ................................................................................................................. ................. 49

MULTI-SECTORS OPTIMIZATION .................................................................... 53

MYRIAD MODEL TUNING .................................................................................... 55



MYRIAD Model User Reference GuideMYRIAD v400; ASSET v8.0




INSTALLATION

Launching the installer opens the following dialogue boxes:

Figure 1: Installation of the MYRIAD Model for ASSET

The installer ensures:- Copies of the necessary files for the MYRIAD Model in the target directory-

The modification of associated registers- The link between the ASSET dll‟s and those for the propagation model

Note 1: It is strongly recommended to keep the default installation directoryNote 2: ASSET must be closed during the installation of the MYRIAD ModelNote 3: The version of the dll must be compatible with the version of ASSET

(For example, setup_MYRIAD_Model4xx_yyyy_8.0.exe is only compatible withASSET 8.0)




REMOVAL

You remove the MYRIAD model in the same way as other programs. From the Start

menu, select Control Panel => Add or Remove Programs.

Figure 2: Uninstalling the Myriad Model for ASSET

Note: It is recommended to close ASSET during the removal of a model and to stopthe services "Distributed Predictions Agent Service 8.0".




LICENCE MANAGEMENT

MYRIAD Model uses a software-based security system, which requires that you havea valid license on your workstation. This requirement prevents unauthorized use of

the software. Two types of license are available:

Stand-alone license

A stand-alone license enables you to use MYRIAD Model on a single specificworkstation (as identified by that workstation‟s MAC address). A stand-alone licenseis the best option if you plan to use MYRIAD Model on only one workstation forindependent projects with no multi-user collaboration. No separate license serverneeds to be installed, and no network connection is required. When you purchase aMYRIAD Model stand-alone license, you are provided with a license file (.lic). Youmust ensure that this file has a specific name (“MYRIAD_Model.lic”) and is placed inthe MYRIAD Model installation directory.

Note: a standalone license is not compatible whether you are logged on to a server orwhether you use a remote connection.

Floating licenseA floating license enables a predefined number of users to use MYRIAD Model.When a user starts MYRIAD Model on a workstation, a license is automaticallyrequested from a license server that has been configured by an administrator. If thereare available licenses, the user is assigned a license and can use MYRIAD Model.However, when there are no more licenses available, further users will be unable touse MYRIAD Model. Unlike a stand-alone license, a floating license is not restrictedto a specific workstation. However, a network connection is required between theworkstation of the user requesting MYRIAD Model license and the license server.

Borrowing a floating license If you want to use MYRIAD Model when you aredisconnected from the network, you can borrow (i.e., check out) a floating license fora limited amount of time. This can be useful, for example, if you are travelling, or arein the field, and you do not have access to the MYRIAD Model license server. Onceyou have successfully borrowed a license, you can use MYRIAD Model until theborrowing period expires.

Standalone LicenseWorkflow for using MYRIAD Model with a stand-alone license

Step 1: Install MYRIAD Model on the workstation.

Step 2: Configure the stand-alone licence

Configuring Stand-alone Licenses

If you are using a stand-alone license, after you install MYRIAD Model onyour workstation, you must ensure that your license is properly configured.

Ensure that the .lic file that you were sent after purchasing your copy of theMYRIAD Model is in the MYRIAD Model installation directory. If necessary,

copy the .lic file to that folder.




Ensure that the .lic file is named “MYRIAD_Model.lic” If necessary, renamethe .lic file.

Server floating licenseThe workflow for using MYRIAD Model with a floating license is as follows:

Step 1: Configure the license server.

Step 2: Install MYRIAD Model on a workstation with access to the network onwhich the license server is hosted.

Step 3: If MYRIAD Model is to be used in a situation where continuous accessto the network on which the license server is hosted will not be available (e.g.,when travelling), borrow a license for MYRIAD Model from the license server.

Configuring License Servers

If you are using a configuration of MYRIAD Model that uses floating licenses, anadministrator must initially configure a license server on a host server on whichMYRIAD Model has been installed. The license server can then handle MYRIADModel license requests from users.

You must use the tools in the “License Manager” folder (in MYRIAD Modelinstall directory).

Double-click lmtools.exe. The LMTools dialogue box opens.

Figure 3 : LMTools - Service/License File tab

On the Service/License File tab, select Configuration Using Services.

Select the LMTOOLS ignores license file path environment variables checkbox.

Click the Config Services tab, and enter a name for the service in the ServiceName box (for example “MYRIAD Model”)

Click the Browse button beside the Path to the lmgrd.exe File box and

navigate to the “lmgrd.exe” file.




Click the Browse button beside the Path to the License File box and navigateto the “MYRIAD_Model.lic” file (the floating license).

Click the Browse button beside the Debug Log File box, navigate to thelocation where you want to save a debug log file, enter a name for the debuglog file in the File Name box, and then click Open.

An administrator can use the debug log file to view the reason why a user cannot geta license (e.g., no license, licensed expired, licensed number of users already reached).

Select the Use Services check box.

Select the Start Server at Power Up check box (this option automatically

starts the license server when the host server is restarted).

Click the Save Service button.

When you are prompted to save the service settings, click Yes.

Click the Start/Stop/Reread tab.

From the FLEXnet License Services Installed on this Computer list, choosethe service that you created for the MYRIAD Model license server in step 4,and click the Start Server button.

You can check if the server is correctly started by reading the Debug Log File.

Select File -> Exit.

On the workstation, copy the “MYRIAD_Model.lic” (floating licence) file intothe MYRIAD Model installation directory. Ensure that the .lic file is named“MYRIAD_Model.lic”.

Note: On the machine which hosts the license server, in the firewall exceptions, youmust add and enable the two executables files, LICPIFT.exe and lmgrd.exe, used by

the license server.

Borrowing floating license

To borrow a floating license, you must connect to the MYRIAD Model license serverand borrow a license from the license server.After you have obtained a floating license for the MYRIAD Model, you candisconnect from the network and use MYRIAD Model. You can use MYRIAD Modeluntil the end of the defined borrowing period.You can also return a borrowed MYRIAD Model floating license before the end of

the defined borrowing period. When you return a floating license, that licensebecomes available for another user.

To borrow a floating license:

On the workstation, close ASSET.

On the workstation, in Windows Explorer, navigate to the License Managerfolder (in MYRIAD Model installation directory), and double-clicklmtools.exe.

The LMTools dialogue box opens.

Click the Borrowing tab.




Figure 4 : LMTools - Borrowing tab

In the Vendor Name box, enter LICPIFT.

In the Return Date box, enter a date by which the license must be returned

(the return date must be in a dd-mmm-yyyy format (e.g., 01-jul-2012). Theborrowing period cannot exceed 30 days or the expiration date for theMYRIAD Model license that was purchased).

If you want to specify at what time the license must be returned on the returndate, enter a time in the Return Time box (the time must be in an hh:mmformat (e.g., 14:00 defines a license expiration of 2 p.m.). If no return time isdefined, the license will expire at midnight on the return date).

Click Set Borrow Expiration.

You must run MYRIAD Model one time in ASSET to complete borrowingthe license.

Close ASSET and click Don't Borrow Anymore Today in LMTools.

To return a borrowed floating license:

To return a floating license before its expiration date, you must define anenvironment variable that is set to the path of the license file on the license server.You can then return the floating license to the license server.

On the workstation, close ASSET and LMTools.

On the workstation which currently holds the borrowed license, select StartSettings Control Panel System.

In the System Properties dialogue box, click the Advanced tab and clickEnvironment Variables.

The Environment Variables dialogue box opens.




Figure 5 : Environment Variables

In the User Variables for the given user name section, click New.

In the New User Variable dialogue box, enter “LM_LICENSE_FILE”in theVariable Name box.

In the Variable Value box, enter the path of the MYRIAD_Model.lic file in theMYRIAD Model installation directory and click OK.

Figure 6 : New User Variable

In the Environment Variables dialogue box, click OK.

In the System Properties dialogue box, click OK.

In Windows Explorer, navigate to the License Manager folder and double-click lmtools.exe.

The LMTools dialogue box opens.

Click the Borrowing tab.

In the Feature Name box, enter “MYRIAD_Model”.

Click Return Borrowed Licenses Early.




DISTRIBUTED PREDICTION

MYRIAD Model uses ASSET‟s distributed calculation server to run simultaneouspredictions in order to reduce computation time.

You have the possibility of running simultaneous predictions on several machinesand can use all processors or cores of these machines (for example, if you have twomachines with two cores or processors, you can run four threads (one per prediction)at the same time).This feature is submitted to an Aircom license control (please contact Aircom supportfor more information)

To use ASSET‟s distributed calculation server, you need:

a workstation with ASSET and MYRIAD Model (the ASSET coordinator hasto be configured on this machine)

one or several client machines running ASSET‟s Agent and MYRIAD Model

Configuration

First of all, the ASSET administrator has to enable the distributed prediction optionin the user profile settings.To use ASSET‟s distributed calculation server with MYRIAD Model, you must set allfile paths in the MYRIAD Model settings to UNC mode (i.e., the network path).

MYRIAD Model licensesMYRIAD Model offers the possibility of running simulations on several threadsregardless of the type of license (standalone or server):

with a standalone license, the model is limited to 4 simultaneous threads(idem for ASSET and for agent)

with a server license, the model is limited to 4 simultaneous threads per token

(idem for ASSET and for agent)

For example, if the user runs a set of predictions on ASSET (6 threads) and on

two agents (2 threads by agent), the models will consume 4 licenses (2 forASSET (4 threads + 2 threads)) and one for each agent).

Workstation machine configuration

To configure the coordinator on the workstation machine, user has to click right onthe 'Coordinator Tray Icon', to select 'Coordinator Options…' and to set all theinformation in the 'Agent' tab.

The 'Agent Log File Path' has to be a valid path on each client machine

The 'Agent Policy' has to be set to 'Server'




Figure 7 : Distribution Coordinator Options

Client machine configuration

On each client machine, after the installation of an ASSET agent (same version ofASSET as the one installed on workstation) and of MYRIAD Model (same version ofMYRIAD Model as the one installed on workstation), user has to set the coordinatorhostname and to give the name of the workstation ASSET.

Figure 8 : Coordinator Hostname

More information is available in the ASSET online help and/or in the ASSETdocumentation.

Note: due to the MYRIAD Model licence system, it is not possible to run

simultaneously two different versions in a multithreads/multi-machines context.




CHAPTER 2

THE MYRIAD MODEL

In This SectionTHE MYRIAD MODEL ........................................................................................... 17

CONTEXT ................................................................................................. ....................................... 18

THE MYRIAD MODEL ........................................................ .......................................................... 19

THE PROFILE COMPONENT ....................................................... ............................................... 19

The principle behind the profile component ............................................................. .............. 19

Management of raster geographic data .................................................................................... 21

Profile extraction of raster geographic data ............................................................................. 21

Deygout's methods of calculating diffraction .......................................................................... 22

THE MORPHOLOGY DATA ......................................................... ............................................... 24

Improving propagation accuracy based on morphology ....................................................... 24

THE FACETS COMPONENT ......................................................... ............................................... 25

The principle behind the facets component ............................................................................. 25

The modeling and function of the facets component ............................................ ................. 26

THE GRAPHS COMPONENT ........................................................ ............................................... 27

The principle behind the graphs component ........................................................................... 27

The modeling and function of the graphs component ........................................................... 28

THE TRAIN COMPONENT ........................................................... ............................................... 30




CONTEXT

In the current context of the growth of mobile telecommunication networks,

operators face innumerable technical and economic problems during the planning,deployment, and optimization phases of mobile radio networks. To address theseissues, operators use dedicated engineering tools that offer solutions to problemssuch as the calculation of coverage, determining hand-over zones, interference,frequency allocation, antenna optimization, traffic localization, and so on.

Among the most indispensable tools for mobile radio engineering are the fieldprediction models. Also called wave propagation models, they are incorporated inengineering tools and allow mobile radio network creators to determine the coveragezones of emitting stations and, in turn, infer the interference zones. Providing theindispensable information to numerous tools for further treatment and exploiting the

predicted fields, they occupy a privileged place in cellular engineering.

Strongly dependent on geographic data that allow the extraction of a vertical cross-section of the terrain (called a “profile”), a propagation model is a mathematicalsimulation of a physical phenomenon between two points. Performing preliminaryprocessing of the cross-section of the terrain in order to check the calculationhypotheses, the propagation model combines theory with profile information beforestatistically adjusting the results using field measurements.

Programmable according to different needs, a propagation model is developed withfor objective to always respect significant constraints in domains such as: speed,

precision, strength, and versatility.




THE MYRIAD MODEL

Capping several years of research in domains such as: propagation, modelling,optimization and algorithms, the MYRIAD propagation model is able to

automatically adapt itself to all engineering (micro, mini, small, and macro cells), toall environments (dense urban, urban, suburban, mountainous, maritime, and open),and to all systems (DVB-H, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WiFi, WiMAX, LTE) in afrequency range starting from 200MHz to 5GHz.

Relying on very realistic modelling of the channel, it achieves the synergy of thethree physical elementary contributions: diffraction in the vertical plane, guidedpropagation in the horizontal plane, and reflection on the relief.

Figure 9: Reflection + diffraction + guided propagation = the MYRIAD Model trilogy

THE PROFILE COMPONENT

The principle behind the profile component

The profile component is divided in two parts:

The first one is dedicated to the environments for which the vectors‟geographical data are not available throughout the whole calculation zone or

for occasions where the user does not want to work with them. The second one combines the vectors‟ geographic data (when available) and

the raster geographic data representing the surface with raster geographicdata of the relief.

The calculation of the loss of propagation is almost entirely determined by the reliefanalysis in the vertical plane passing through the transmitter and the receiver. Thishypothesis allows to assimilate each relief obstacle to a 2D theoretically thin andinfinite horizontal plane, and to reduce it to a problem of wave diffraction calculationon a succession of thin ridges that can be treated with Fresnel formulas.The first operation, then, consists of elaborating the profile from the vectors‟

geographical data or raster geographic data representing the surface (clutter and/orbuilding raster) and the raster geographic data of the relief (height).

Guided propagation(horizontal plane)

Diffraction(vertical plane)

Reflection on mountainous areas

Guided propagation(horizontal plane)








Figure 10: Profile example (without vectors)

Figure 11: Profile example (with vectors)

The solution chosen to construct the diffraction profile with the vectors‟ geographicdata is to add the profile of the heights of the vectors to the altitude profile takenfrom the height as follows:

For a building contour, the diffraction profile consists of ridges of equal

heights. All the height ridges supporting the buildings, modified so that thebuilding‟s rooftop stays flat, are increased to the height of the building. Theprofile is then completed with the two ridges framing the building.

For a forest contour, the diffraction profile is formed from the height ridgesunder the forest contour to which the height of the contour is added. Theprofile is then completed with the two frame ridges of the contour where theheight portion is determined by interpolation.

Figure 12: Profile construction for vectors

Once the profile is obtained so that the diffraction loss is not over-estimated, it is best

to delete certain diffraction edges; therefore every diffraction edge less than onehundred meters away from a positive or negative diffraction edge is deleted. This




means that a succession of diffraction edges that are so close to each other that theyin fact represent only one ridge is not taken into consideration.

Deygout‟s method is chosen to calculate the diffraction loss. The model alsocalculates different variables related to the profile. The loss of the profile component

results in a linear combination of these variables for which the coefficients aredetermined by adjusting the smallest squares with the calibration tool.

Management of raster geographic data

Raster geographical data can be of 3 different types:

Height (Digital terrain model): Description of altitudes above ground of the pointsat the centre of the pixel. This is a single point and not a calculated average on the

various altitudes encountered on the pixel.Clutter (Digital surface model): Statistical description of the surface or principaltheme on the pixel.Building raster (Digital elevation model): Descriptions of height above the surfaceof the points at the centre of the pixel.

The profile component adapts itself to all types of raster data. The management ofraster geographic data is based on the construction of a “height” representation and a“surface” representation.

A data representation is a zone of raster data that results from the fusion of various

raster files (or from the data of one file if only one file is available) and whoseconstruction unfolds according to the following stages:

Inventory of the files whose intersection with the calculation area is not zero

Creation of a result area and positioning of each pixel to “indefinite value”.

Reading every file and fusion in the result area. During the fusion, a pixelfrom the resulting area is only affected if its previous value was “indefinitevalue”.

The “height” representation is a 2D matrix that contains the description of the reliefwhile the “surface” representation is a 2D matrix that contains the surface height (forclutter data, each type is associated with a height by the user).

The resolution of the “height” representation can be inferior, equal, or superior tothat of the “clutter” representation.

Profile extraction of raster geographic data

Taking into consideration the fact that propagation is principally done throughdiffraction on relief, the model constructs, in a vertical transmitter-receiver plane, aprofile called “knife edge” comprised of ridges determined from the rastergeographic data. For that, it extracts the profile ridges that are at the intersectionpoints of the vertical planes (or the horizontal planes if α >=45) passing through the

centre of the pixels with the transmitter-receiver segment. The height of each ridge isequal to the height of the bin containing the point of intersection.




Figure 13: Extraction of a profile

The profile is extracted by adding a value estimated by interpolating the distancestarting from the surface profile to the value of each point of the height profile. Ateach point of the height profile, the point that provides the best frame in distance inthe surface profile is chosen, and the height of the surface ridge is estimated with alinear interpolation starting from the heights and the distances from the transmitterof the “framed” ridges.

Deygout's methods of calculating diffraction

The phenomenon of diffraction is one of the most important factors contributing tothe propagation of electro-magnetic waves.Deygout‟s method has been chosen for the profile component. It uses threefundamental concepts to arrive at the calculation of diffraction losses:

a) The first Fresnel zone: It is generally understood that diffraction

phenomena due to all obstacles situated outside this zone are negligible. The firstFresnel zone is the volume limited by the ellipsoid with starting points E and R, such

as EM + MR – ER ≤ /2 (with M points belonging to the Fresnel ellipsoid).

b) The Huyghens principle: The fundamental idea behind Deygout‟s methodis to understand that, to go from transmitter to receiver, the wave must, bydiffraction, avoid a limited number of obstacles (thin ridges) taking each one intoconsideration after the other in function to their importance regarding the method ofthe Fresnel calculation, that is to say in relation to the Fresnel zones defined inconsequence.

Pixels

Verticals and horizontals

plane at the centre of the

bins

X

Z

Y

X

Profile extract

R

E




Figure 14: Profile example of obstacles in thin ridges

c) The superposition principle: As with other methods, the problem ofdiffraction on the multiple ridges is treated as a succession of diffractions on a singleridge, for which the Fresnel calculation is applicable. This approach is both empiricaland intuitive.

P0P1 P1P2 P2 P2 P2

1 756423

E R

Figure 15: Order of obtaining the positive edges committed

The algorithm calculates recursively by sets of three (thus with a maximum of 15

edges of diffraction), between the transmitter and the receiver, the interferencecoefficient of each ridge in the Fresnel ellipsis. It conserves the ridges that have thelargest interference coefficients, as well as the number of engaged ridges, anddiffraction losses are calculated starting from these ridges.The loss represented by the profile component, created by the accumulation of thedifferent diffraction losses, is then corrected by adding the weighting of thecalculated variables along the profile whose coefficients are determined by adjustingthe least squares method by the calibration tool.

E

R




THE MORPHOLOGY DATA

Improving propagation accuracy based on morphology

Morphological data is a representation of the ground specific to MYRIAD Model.Each geographic area is stored as a classified grid, in which each point is dependanton both the elevation and the clutter. The data point value is calculated in acontinuous way: For example, a point representing “DENSE_URBAN_RELIEF”morphology cannot have a point representing “FOREST_FLAT” morphology as aneighbouring point.It is strongly recommended that you use data representing the morphology of thearea with the MYRIAD Model in order to ensure accurate results, especially for thetuning mechanism. This data must be generated from both the clutter and elevationdata. This can be done using the MYRIAD Model interface.There are ten different types of morphology:

FOREST_FLAT

FOREST_RELIEF

OPEN_FLAT

OPEN_RELIEF

SUBURBAN_FLAT

SUBURBAN_RELIEF

URBAN_FLAT

URBAN_RELIEF

DENSE_URBAN_FLAT

DENSE_URBAN_RELIEF




THE FACETS COMPONENT

The principle behind the facets component

The facets component of the MYRIAD Model allows you to evaluate the contributionof the multi–path while the electro-magnetic connection takes place in an irregularterrain. It allows you to predict the signal strength received by the mobile taking intoaccount the reflections produced on the mountain slopes. This improves theprecision in relation to the classic components that only take into consideration thepropagation phenomena in the vertical cross-section of the terrain between thetransmitter and the receiver. The consideration of reflection is very complex anddepends on numerous factors. It is suitable then to make simplified hypotheses sothat the component is usable by the operator of radio mobile networks.

The first simplification is the consideration by the model of the pathscomprising only the reflection on a mountain. It can be assumed that thishypothesis introduces a slight error because the received paths by multiplereflections on the topography are strongly mitigated and not significant at thereceiver.

The second simplification is that only the zones on the mountain slopes thatare in “height” visibility of both the transmitter and receiver are considered.Note that there is visibility when the different obstacles do not protrude fromthe axis of the Fresnel ellipsoid.

The third hypothesis is that the determination of the reflected paths is only

performed if the direct transmitter-receiver path is obstructed by the terrain. The fourth hypothesis is to limit the extent of the search area for possible

reflectors by fixing a maximum delay for the consideration of the echoes. Themeasurement campaigns of impulse response have allowed validation to avalue of 50μs. Because of calculation time, the value by default is fixed at 25μs,which corresponds to a maximum distance C .∆tmax = 300 x25 = 7500 m(where C equals the speed of light).

Finally, the fifth hypothesis is the understanding that there is a reflection, ordiffusion, (as opposed to discrete reflection on plane surface) given the largeirregularities of mountainous slopes in relation to wavelengths. The receivedsignal is uniformly shone in the half-space above the slope of the mountain,

and the diffused power is inconsistent. Nevertheless, by analogy with theradar equation, it is assumed that all the contributions of the diffused powercould be added together by the receiver. This hypothesis has been verified onthe terrain and explains why a large quantity of energy nonetheless reachesthe mobile even though there are rarely discrete reflections in the direction ofthe mobile.




The modeling and function of the facets component

Activating the facets component is only effective if the propagation context is hillyenough. The search of reflection zones is performed using the facets index parameter.

The files generated with the aid of an algorithm based on the Delaunay triangulationmethod are defined in this parameter. These files contain the information about themodelling of the relief (reflection facets, visibility in relation to the reflection facets,etc.)

Once the user has obtained the reflection zones, the facets component calculates theloss of the reflected paths to determine the total strength received by the receiver.

The profile loss is calculated and is added to the facets component loss to form thetotal loss of the MYRIAD Model.




THE GRAPHS COMPONENT

The principle behind the graphs component

The graphs component is only effective for transmitters for which the vectorsgeographic data are available over the entire calculation zone.In a micro cellular context, the emitting and receiving antennas are positioned belowthe average level of the rooftops. In this case, the signal strength received bydiffraction above the rooftops is significantly inferior to that of the signal strengthreceived by propagation in the street and diffraction on the edges. The propagationhypothesis above the rooftops is therefore no longer sufficient, especially when thenumber of edges between the transmitter and receiver is not too great.

Figure 16: Profile example for the graphs component

When the antenna is well under the rooftops, the electro-magnetic propagationoccurs principally along the streets which act as street canyons. There is a “guiding”phenomenon of the electro-magnetic waves by the street which implies that themajor propagation phenomena are situated in the horizontal plane and no longer thevertical plane, as is the case with the profile models. Thus, we benefit from thecanalization effect to increase propagation.To model this guiding phenomenon of the electro-magnetic waves by the streets, themodel uses a graph of the street axes. A graph is formed by arcs representing theaxes of the streets capable of acting as a wave guide.




Figure 17: Example of a graph (PARIS)

Searching the graphs is done using the graphs index parameter in which are definedthe files that contain the relative information used to model the route maintenance.

The modeling and function of the graphs component

This component is responsible for calculating all the contributions coming from thereceiver by the different paths illustrated by the graph. It calculates the loss for eachpath as a result of distance, of the diffraction on the vertical ridges formed by street

corners, and of multiple reflections along the street axes. All the elementarycontributions are then added to constitute the total loss of the graphs componentrepresenting the electro-magnetic energy that propagates along the streets.The number of paths going from the transmitter to the receiver is not defined. Onlythose paths for which the loss is less than a defined threshold, that is to saysufficiently significant, are selected.




Figure 18: Examples of paths for the graphs component

The profile loss is calculated and is added to the graphs component loss to form thetotal loss of the MYRIAD Model.

Receiver

Transmitter

Paths considered by the

graphs component

Best path considered for the

graphs component




THE TRAIN COMPONENT

The train component provides the corrections of additional losses while the receiveris in a train. When this option is used, the losses calculated for receivers on a railway

track or very close to one are stronger than if no train were found. These additionallosses are highly dependent on the characteristics of the railway tracks (i.e.,excavation, tunnel, embankment, viaduct, or soundproof). The losses are alsodifferent if the train is single, double-decker-low or double-decker-high.

The Use railway tracks option must be selected for the train component to be takeninto consideration.




CHAPTER 3

CONFIGURING MYRIAD MODEL WITHASSET

It is very easy and fast to configure the MYRIAD Model in ASSET. When you add anew model (Configuration => Propagation Models… => Add), you have to choosethe MYRIAD Model and the first specific window appears.

In This SectionCONFIGURING MYRIAD MODEL WITH ASSET ............................................ 31

THE ‘PARAMETERS’ TAB ........................................................................................................... 32

General parameters ................................................................................. .................................... 32

Geographical data ............................................................... ......................................................... 33

Output directory .................................................................................................................... ...... 35

THE ‘TIME OPTIM’ TAB ............................................................... ............................................... 36

Prediction parameters ........................................................................................................... ...... 36

Radial .............................................................. ................................................................. .............. 37

Inner/Outer area resolution ........................................................ ............................................... 38

Optimized calculation area ......................................................... ............................................... 39

THE ‘RADIO’ TAB.......................................................................................................................... 40

Radio optimization ................................................................................................................ ...... 40

Typologies effects .................................................................................... .................................... 41

Depenetration ........................................................... .............................................................. ...... 41

Building calculation ........................................................... .......................................................... 42

Computed data ............................................................................. ............................................... 43

THE ‘ADVANCED’ TAB .......................................................................................................... ...... 47

Key features .............................................................. .............................................................. ...... 47

Train option ................................................................................................................. ................. 49




THE ‘PARAMETERS’ TAB

Figure 19: MYRIAD Model - Parameters tab

In this window, you can check the MYRIAD Model parameters which are:

General parameters

In this section, you can define the frequency and the mobile height.

The frequency, two possibilities:If you select the Use antenna frequency checkbox, the model uses the frequencydefined for the antenna (except if theantenna is not defined or if the antennafrequency is set to 0)

The default frequency is used when Useantenna frequency is not selected and/orwhen the antenna is not defined (un-associated measurements for example)

The mobile height (1.7 meter by default)




Geographical data

In this section, you select the geographical data you want to use. There are fouroptions:

Heights: this type of data is compulsory for the model. Building raster

Clutter: If you select this type of data, the Clutter height assignment window

appears:

Figure 20: MYRIAD Model - Clutter height assignment window

In this window, the list of clutter classes appears. You must determine whether theclutter is a Water type (this information is used for the maritime optimization), aForest type (this information is used for the forest optimization) or an Undefined type (meaning there is no data). You also have to indicate the height information. Inmost cases, the clutters have a default value which is an example; it is recommendedto check that each value corresponds to the project reality.

Note: All the themes contained in the clutter file(s) have to be referenced in theclutter‟ description file (including “No_data”)

For raster geographical data, you have other options

Figure 21 : MYRIAD Model - Raster options




If you did not select the Use advanced accuracy checkbox, the model uses lessdetailed calculations in order to decrease processing time. Otherwise, the modelexploits the accuracy of the geographical data with the goal of generating more exactoutput.If you have selected Use highest resolution checkbox, the model uses the highest

resolution available. Otherwise, the model uses the resolution closest to theprediction resolution.If there is no surface data (neither vectors, nor clutter and nor building raster), youcan set an average surface height using the Clutter height parameter.

Vectors: If you select this type of data, the Vectors type assignment window

appears:

Figure 22: MYRIAD Model - Vectors type assignment window

In this window, the list of vectors names appears. You must determinewhether the vector is a BUILDING type, a FOREST type, a WATER type, aBRIDGE type or an UNDEFINED type. This configuration creates ormodifies a file, named 'menu.xml', containing vectors type specifications inthe same directory as the vectors index file.

This feature use the attribute NAME of tag VECTOR in the "index.xml" file todetermine the vector name. The vectors files which are under the same tag VECTORmust have a single type of vector.

This feature also generates a file "indexOptim.xml" which optimizes the vectorsaccess and so improves the calculation time (this file is not compulsory for themodel).

If MYRIAD Model encounters a vector description that is not defined in the menu.xml file while loading the vectors index file, you are informed of the issue and theUNDEFINED type is assigned to the corresponding geographic data file.




If the menu.xml file contains non standard MYRIAD Model vector type, you areinformed of the issue and geographic data file relating to that unknown vector typeis assigned an UNDEFINED type.

If the vectors index file was updated, you are informed of the issue and you have to

update files "menu.xml" (and "indexOptim.xml") with the settings.

Output directory

In this section, you have to select a writing directory (required by the model). It isused to store temporary files and specific propagation files which can be re-used bythe model in multi sectors context (under certain conditions) to decrease thecomputation time. The number of temporary files is limited to 100.This directory is automatically emptied during the closing of the platform.




THE ‘TIME OPTIM’ TAB

On this tab, you can choose the calculation parameters (each of which has a defaultvalue so that you can run the model without defining any values).

Figure 23: MYRIAD Model - Time Optim tab

You can define the following MYRIAD Model parameters:

Prediction parameters

In this section, you have the possibility to set the resolution of the calculation.

If you select the radio button Usepathloss prediction manager resolution,the model uses the prediction resolution

If you select the radio button User-defined resolution, the model alwaysuses the resolution defined in theassociated field (100 meters in thisexample).

Note: the calculation resolution of the model has to be superior to the one of theplatform.

The Circular calculation areas parameter allows you to indicate whether the model

has to consider the calculation areas as circular areas.




Radial

The Use Radial mode parameter allows you to activate radial calculation. During acoverage calculation, this mode allows you to reuse a profile extracted on theperimeter of the calculation area, approximating for the distance. The radial mode is

approximately three times as efficient. In fact, in a square calculation zone of n pixelslong, in normal mode n² profiles are extracted, while in radial mode only 4n-4 profiles are extracted.Radial mode works as follows:

- MYRIAD Model associates a profile at several points (depending of theresolution) of the calculation area perimeter, while determining the closestprofile by orthogonal projection

- MYRIAD Model extracts the first profile of the perimeter and uses it for eachcalculation point along the profile, and so on

In the diagram below, the resolution corresponds to the transmitter resolution.

Figure 24: MYRIAD Model - Radial mode

You can define the extraction resolution (in meters) of the profiles on the perimeter of

the calculation area when you use radial mode.If you select Use calculation radialresolution, the model uses thecalculation resolution

If you select User-defined radialresolution is activated, the model usesresolution you define (100 meters inthis example)

Note: If the User-defined radial resolution is greater than the transmitter resolution,

the transmitter resolution is used.

Profiles of the perimeter of the calculation area

dA

dB

Profile A

Profile B

Transmitter

Extraction point of the profiles

Calculation point

Orthogonal projections

In this case: dA < dB so profile A is kept




Inner/Outer area resolution

The Use second mesh size parameter lets you activate or deactivate the Inner/outerarea resolution.

The Distance Threshold parameter enables you to specify the transmitter-receiverdistance (in meters, 10,000 m by default) starting from which, during a calculation,the model changes from a grid using the transmitter‟s resolution to a larger onedefined according to the following method:

If you select Use 2*calculationresolution, the model uses the double ofthe transmitter resolution

If you select User-defined distantresolution, the model uses resolutionyou define (100 meters in this example).

Note: If the User-defined distant resolution is less than the transmitter resolution,the transmitter resolution is used.

The model takes into account two different resolutions, the transmitter resolution (R1)and the resolution assigned by the user (R2). The model checks whetherthe ”transmitter/receiver” distance is greater than distance threshold (the red circlein the diagram below). If so, it calculates the considered point and transfers theresults in the neighbouring pixels. Otherwise, the model calculates each calculationpoint. For example, in the diagram below, R2 is four times greater than R1.

Figure 25: MYRIAD Model - Inner/outer area resolution mode

Transmitter

Effective calculation points

Calculation points




Optimized calculation area

The Use optimized calculation area parameter allows you to determine whether themodel reduces the calculation zone behind the antenna or not (reduction is done

orthogonally at the azimuth).If so, you have to set the recoil distance (in meters) starting from which the model nolonger calculates behind the transmitter.

If you select Automatic backwards distance, the model automatically adjusts thevalue of the recoil distance, starting from which the model no longer calculatesbehind the transmitter. Limited to 30% of the distance along the azimuth, it is usedby the model as described in the following equation:

Recoil distance =

)ln(

_)_log(10

20

20 MIN ADIR AZIMDIST

e Where:

- Recoil distance: The maximal distance calculated behind the station at 30% of thedistance along the azimuth- DIST_AZIM: The distance between the transmitter and the edge of the influencearea according to the direction of the azimuth- ADIR_MIN: The smallest directional loss of the antenna behind the station.

Figure 26: MYRIAD Model - Optimized calculation area mode

If you select User-defined backwards distance, the model uses the defined recoildistance (50 meters in this example) starting from which it no longer calculatesbehind the transmitter.Note: This distance is limited to 30% of the distance along the azimuth

Azimuth

DIST_AZIM

Recoil distance

Calculated pixels

Non calculated pixels

Boundary of the zone to be calculated




THE ‘RADIO’ TAB

Figure 27: MYRIAD Model - Radio tab

You can define the following MYRIAD Model radio parameters:

Radio optimization

The Loss correction parameter indicates the value of the correction (in dB, 0 bydefault) to add to the total loss of the model.For example, Loss correction = 3dB means 3dB more loss.Note: this parameter does not affect the tuning.

The Additional extraction distance parameter indicates the additional extractiondistance (in meters, 0 by default, the value must be contained in the interval [0-300])

of vectors above the receiver (to the right of the receiver on the cross-section ofterrain). This parameter is only available if vectors are available.

The Graphs extraction radius parameter indicates the distance (in meters, 1500 bydefault, the value must be contained in the interval [0-2000]) beyond which thegraphs component is no longer used. This parameter is only available if graphs areavailable.

The Free space in line of sight parameter allows computing free space attenuationfor pixels that are in Line Of Sight of the transmitter without taking into account anymodel calibration. This can be useful when calculation resolution is low and

especially when receivers are fixed like in Machine to Machine.




The Calculate on water parameter allows you to indicate whether the model shouldcalculate on water.

The Horizontal propagation parameter allows you to activate or deactivatehorizontal propagation. If activated, when the models finds an obstacle between thetransmitter and the receiver, if the height of this obstacle is greater than the smallestapparent width of it, then the height is replaced by the apparent width on the profile.The purpose of this is to avoid taking into account the diffraction on the top of theobstacle in the calculations carried out when the electro-magnetic field is mainlydiffracted on the side of the obstacle.

Figure 28: MYRIAD Model - Horizontal propagation

In the above example, if the height is greater than the ”right” apparent width (to theright of the Transmitter-Receiver axis when looking at the receiver), then this heightis replaced by the “right” apparent width.

Typologies effects

The Use clutter type parameter allows you, in case of forest/maritime optimization,to indicate to the model to retrieve the clutter classes‟ information in case of buildingraster

The Forest optimization parameter allows you to activate the forest optimization. Ifactivated, the vegetation is not consider as an obstacle but as a transmission

phenomenon which will be associated with specifics losses propertiesNote: The using this parameter slightly increases calculation time.

The Maritime optimization parameter allows you to activate maritime optimization.If activated, a statistic optimization will be applied in the case of propagation overwater.Note: The using this parameter slightly increases calculation time.

Depenetration

The Depenetration option allows you to activate the depenetration feature.

"Right" apparent width

"Left" apparent width

E R




Depenetration works as follows: for an antenna located in a building, the modelapplies a specific treatment to take into account the propagation inside this building.The model identifies several virtual transmitters and considers the one whichgenerates the lowest losses.

Figure 29: MYRIAD Model - Depenetration

In addition to the propagation phenomena between the virtual transmitter and thereceiver, the model estimates the losses from the real transmitter (RT) to the virtualtransmitter (VT) with the following formula:

Loss (from RT to VT) = 3

*30;3* )(

)(

Outside Inside

Inside Inside

lossh Maxlossd

Where:- d: the distance between the real transmitter and the virtual transmitter- h: the difference of height between the real transmitter and the virtual transmitter

- loss(Inside->Outside): corresponds to the Inside Outside parameter which allows youto set the value in dB (the default is 10 dB) of the assigned additional loss to thetransmitter inside a building while the signal passes through the building.- loss(Inside->Inside) : corresponds to the Inside Inside parameter which allows you toset the value in dB/m (the default is 0.66 dB/m) of the assigned additional loss to thetransmitter inside a building, while the signal is propagated inside the building.

Note: the „transmitter-receiver‟ angle is considered as the incidence angle

Building calculationThe Do not calculate in building parameter allows you to deactivate the penetrationfeature.

The Model-defined penetration parameter allows you to activate the penetrationfeature. If activated, the model calculates only the outdoor pixels in a first pass, andthen it calculates indoor pixels that border on at least one pixel calculated during theprevious pass. Among the bordering pixels, the model selects the one with thesmallest loss and adds a correction to get the loss on the new pixels. It carries on untilthere are no more uncalculated pixels left. The correction is automatically calculated

by the model according to the frequency, the penetration angle and the distance withregard to the outside of the building.




Figure 30: MYRIAD Model - Building penetration

The User-defined penetration parameter also allows you to activate penetration, butfor penetration, you manually set the correction.The Outside Inside parameter allows you to set the value (in dB, 10 by default) ofthe additional loss to a pixel situated inside a building, while at least one of the eightsurrounding pixels is found on the street.

The Inside Inside parameter allows you to set the value (in dB/m, 0.66 by default)of the additional loss to a pixel situated inside a building, while all of the eightsurrounding pixels is found inside a building.

Note: Penetration calculation can appreciably increase calculation time for very highresolutions.

The Mobile on top of buildings parameter allows you to enable MYRIAD Model toconsider the height of the receiver from the top of the building (or from the ground ifthere is no building). No penetration is available with this parameter.

Computed data

The Tuning index parameter allows you to access a specific optimization for thedifferent components of the model. This option is only available if you have alreadytuned the model using survey data (See chapter for more information about theMYRIAD Model automatic tuning).If the parameter is not assigned, MYRIAD Model uses its default tuning.

The Morphology index parameter allows you to access the morphology geographic

data type. If the parameter is not assigned, the model uses the default morphology.To generate these data, you click on the Morphologies Index tool ( ) button.The morphologies generator creates the morphologies on the intersection of theheight and the clutter data. The morphologies are used by the model to determine inwhich geographical context the prediction is performed, and depending on context,special optimizations are applied. You have to set the name of the index file that isgenerated and map each clutter class to one of 17 basic clutter classes. Amorphologies file and morphologies index file are created.Note: All the themes contained in the clutter file(s) have to be referenced in theclutter classes‟ description file (including “No_data”)

Indoor calculation ixels second

BuildingFirst pass Second pass Third pass

Outdoor calculation ixels

Indoor calculation ixels third




Figure 31: MYRIAD Model - Morphologies generator window

Themes used by MYRIAD Model:

No data: This must be used for each theme for which there is no information

(it means area where no data is available)

Other (default value): This is a neutral theme similar to the open

environment (area with little or no vegetation). This theme can be used with aspecial theme, such as Pylon, etc.

Dense Collective Building : This must be used for a high density of collectivebuildings. Areas within urban perimeter. The included dense urban areaswith dense development where built-up features do not appear distinct fromeach other. It also includes built-up features of the downtown district withheight below 40m. This is also the heart of the city.

Mean Collective Building : This must be used for a mean density of collectivebuildings. Areas within urban perimeter. The mean urban should have meanstreet density with no pattern, the major streets are visible, the built-upfeatures appear distinct from each other. Some small vegetation could beincluded. Average height is below 40m.

Sparse High Building : This must be used for skyscrapers or towers. Thistheme is used for low construction density. Cluster of high towers orskyscrapers higher than 40m.

Mean high Building : This must be used for skyscrapers or towers. Thistheme is used for mean construction density. Cluster of grouped high towersor skyscrapers higher than 40m (more than 3 buildings)

Dense High Building : This must be used for skyscrapers or towers. This

theme is used for high construction density. Cluster of grouped high towersor skyscrapers higher than 40m (more than 10 buildings)

Industrial: This theme must be used for industrial clutter. Area includingbuildings with large footprints (greater than or equal to 20m by 40m) withheight below 20m, separated by streets wider than 20m.

Intra Urban Open: This theme must be used for open areas surrounded by

urban areas. Small open land area with no vegetation surrounded by mean

urban, dense urban or residential.




Intra Urban Forest: This theme must be used for forest areas surrounded byurban areas. Any vegetation land in any urban environment. Golf courses,municipal parks, extensive cemeteries or recreational areas are included inthis category.

Dense Individual Building : This theme must be used for areas with small

constructions, such as residential areas. Houses in suburban environment.Suburban density typically involves laid out street patterns in which streetsare visible. Lots must be as small as 30m by 30m but are typically larger andwithout vegetation. Individual houses are frequently visible. Average heightis below 15m.

Mean Individual Building : This theme must be used for areas with small

constructions, such as residential areas. Houses in suburban environment.Suburban density typically involves laid out street patterns in which streetsare visible. Lots must be as small as 30mm by 30m but are typically larger andinclude vegetation cover. Individual houses are frequently visible. Averageheight is below 12m.

Sparse Individual Building : This theme must be used for areas with smallconstructions, such as residential areas. Scattered housing in open or open inurban surrounding. This is also buildings in parks.

Forest: This theme must be used for each area related to forest or highvegetation. Forested lands with closed tree canopy. No distinction is madebetween deciduous and coniferous.

Open: This theme must be used for areas with no habitation or vegetation,

such as agricultural fields, open areas, motorways, etc.

Water: This theme must be used for rivers, lakes or canals

Sea: This theme must be used for oceans and seas.

The Facets index parameter allows you to access to the facets geographic data type. Ifthe parameter is not assigned, the model will calculate without taking this intoconsideration. To generate these data, you click on the associated Facets index tool

( ) button.The facets generator creates the facets on the project. These data are useful to help themodel calculate the refection for mountainous areas. You set the name of the indexfile which will be generated. The facets generator automatically detects themountainous areas and decides if it has to generate the facets in each case.Note: Depending to the size of the project area, the calculation time can be significant.

By default, the Height index parameter contains the height index of the project. Youhave the possibility of using another height index to generate the facets on anotherregion.

If the project area is not hilly enough, the model will consider that the reflectioncomponent is not significant and the facets generator will display the message: “Nomountainous environment detected. Facets will not be generated.”.




Figure 32: MYRIAD Model - Facets generator window

The Graph index parameter allows you to access to the graphs geographic data type.If the parameter is not assigned, the model will calculate without taking this into

consideration. To generate these data, you click on the Graph index tool ( )button:

The graphs generator creates the graphs on the project. These data are useful to helpthe model to compute 'guided' propagation for micro cells. You set the name of theindex file to be generated. The graphs generator automatically detects the denseurban areas and decides if it has to generate the graphs in each case.Note: Depending to the size of the project area, the calculation time can be significant.

By default, the Vectors index parameter contains the vectors index of the project.You have the possibility of using another vectors index to generate the graphs onanother region.

Figure 33: MYRIAD Model - Graphs generator window

If the project area is not considers as a microcell environment, the model will

consider that the guided propagation component is not significant and the graphsgenerator will display the message: “No microcell environment detected. Graphswill not be generated.”.




THE ‘ADVANCED’ TAB

Figure 34: MYRIAD Model - Advanced tab

You can set the following MYRIAD Model advanced parameters:

Key features

The Antenna correction option allows you to determine whether the model verifiesthe coordinates of the antenna in an urban environment.Antenna correction works as follows: For an antenna located in a building, the modelcalculates the new DX, DY or the height so that the antenna is on the exterior of thebuilding (DX and DY correspond to the displacement in the direction of the azimuthaccording to the axis of the Xs and the Ys in the horizontal plane in relation to thetransmitter).After that, you can move the antenna to the facade by applying DX and DY to thetransmitter coordinates or on the rooftop (by modifying the transmitter‟s height).

Figure 35: MYRIAD Model - Antenna correction

Roof distance

Facade

Case of a possible difference in facade Case of an impossible difference in facade

Roof distance Facade distance

Position of the station

Correction of the station




A text file (which can be opened in a spreadsheet), called“AntennaCorrectionFile.txt”, summing up the different correction parameters andthe obtained results, is generated in the Result directory (the correction will appearonly for poorly located transmitters).

You can make an automatic update of the antenna location (roof or facade correction).For that, you have to make an xml export:

GSM case: the selected xml file is "GSM/AMPS Cell" UMTS case: the selected xml file is "UMTS-NodeB" CDMA2000 case: the selected xml file is "CDMA BS" Fixed WIMAX case: the selected xml file is "Fixed WIMAX Node" Mobile WIMAX case: the selected xml file is "Mobile WIMAX Node"

Figure 36: Antenna correction - xml export

You have to copy these xml files in the same directory thanAntennaCorrectionFile.txt file, and run the automatic antenna correction tool

available in the MYRIAD Model installation directory.Example: Antenna_Correction_Tool.exe

Figure 37: Automatic antenna correction tool

You need to choose between Antenna Roof Correction or Antenna FacadeCorrection and to select the directory where AntennaCorrectionFile.txt and xml filesare located.Finally, you have to make an xml import ("Replace" has to be selected to erase olderlocation):

GSM case: the selected xml file is GSM-CELL-LIST001.xml ("GSM/AMPS Cell") UMTS case: the selected xml file is NODEB-LIST001.xml ("UMTS-NodeB") CDMA2000 case: the selected xml file is CDMA-BS-LIST001.xml ("CDMA BS") Fixed WIMAX case: the selected xml file is WiMAX-NODE-LIST001.xml

("Fixed WIMAX Node") Mobile WIMAX case: the selected xml file is MOBILE-WiMAX-NODE-

LIST001.xml ("Mobile WIMAX Node")




Figure 38: Antenna correction - xml import

Note: The use of this option implies that the result files of the model are not assigned;it means that there is no calculation; the model only creates the

“AntennaCorrectionFile.txt” file.

The Minimal distance between antenna and façade parameter allows you to set theminimum distance (in meters) between the antenna and the building facade thatsupports it.

The Minimal distance between antenna and roof parameter allows you to set theminimum distance (in meters) between the height of the antenna and the roof of thebuilding that supports it.

The Result directory parameter allows you to select the directory where the file

AntennaCorrectionFile.txt will be generated. If it is assigned to "NULL", the resultsfiles are generated in the directory 'tmp' under the MYRIAD Model output directory.

Train option

The Use railway tracks parameter allows you to indicate whether the train option isused by the model.

If you select this type of data, the Railway vectors assignment window appears:




Figure 39 : MYRIAD Model - Railway vectors assignment window

In this window, the list of vectors names appears. You must determine whether therailway is a TRAIN type, a TRAIN_EXCAVATION type, a TRAIN_TUNNEL type,a TRAIN_SOUNDPROOF, a TRAIN_EMBANKMENT type, a TRAIN_ VIADUCT type or an UNDEFINED type. This configuration creates or modifies a file, named'menu.xml', containing building and railway types‟ specifications in the samedirectory as the vectors index file.

The railway tracks data is vector linear data with only 2 points. The railway files,

which are in vector MapInfo format (TAB file), have to be registered in the same xmlindex file as the vectors files (index.xml).The type of railway is stored under the attribute NAME of tag VECTOR. Therailways files which are under the same tag VECTOR must have a single type ofrailway.

If MYRIAD Model encounters a vector name that is not defined in the menu.xml filewhile loading the vectors (or/and linear) index file, you are informed of the issueand the UNDEFINED type is assigned to the corresponding geographic data file.

If the menu.xml file contains non standard MYRIAD Model vector type, you are

informed of the issue and geographic data file relating to that unknown vector typeis assigned an UNDEFINED type.

If the vectors (or/and linear) index file was updated, you are informed of the issueand you have to update files "menu.xml" with the settings.

The Calculate only along the railway tracks parameter defines whether the modelcalculates only along the railway tracks (other calculation points will not becalculated).

The Train type parameter indicates the type of train on the railways: single-decker,

double-decker-low or double-decker-high.




The Track width parameter defines the area where the model will apply the traincorrection. For example, for 20 meters, the model will consider an area of 20 metersalong the railway track (i.e., 10 meters on either side) and every calculation point inthis zone will be considered as being on the railway track.




CHAPTER 4

MULTI-SECTORS OPTIMIZATION

In the case of a multi-sectors site, the model is able of re-using the results of the firstsector to decrease the computation time of the others sectors.This optimization, available under certain conditions (same position, same antennaheight ...) is not active in micro-cellular (graphs utilisation) and mountainous (facetsutilisation) contexts and is not compatible with the parameters 'Antenna correction'

and 'Optimized calculation area'.




CHAPTER 5

MYRIAD MODEL TUNINGBy using Tuning, you can calibrate the model (the aim of MYRIAD Model AutomaticTuning is to reduce the effects of imperfections and to enable MYRIAD Model to beas close to real propagation measures as possible).Note: the number of surveys file is limited to 3000.

First, you have to add the measurement header files (*.hd) into the "MeasurementsToolbox" window under the Tools menu in ASSET.

Figure 40: Association loading box

There are 3 different modes for loading measurement headers:

Not associated

Associated, but header left unchanged

Associated and header changedFor the two first modes, header data are used for tuning (including antennafrequency and 'Connector_Loss' value).For the 3rd mode, data of the platform are used, including antenna frequency.

Connector_Loss is set to 0. Tuning uses the EiRP (or similar for other technologiesbar GSM).




Figure 41: Measurement toolbox

By using the 'Analyse' button, you can run a validation of the model along furthermeasurements. By using 'Auto Tune' button, you can calibrate the model, withspecific tuning parameters dialog.

Figure 42: MYRIAD Model - Auto Tune window

In the Files section, you have to select the index and the name of theoptimization file. After the tuning, MYRIAD Model uses the index file thatcontains the optimization file.

Note: An index file can include one or several optimization files. For example, it ispossible to have an optimization file for the northern part of a country and another

optimization file for the Southern. The first optimization file that matches thecalculation area will be taken into account.




The optimization file that you select should not exist, if it exists, you must make sureyou do not use the file anymore. With respect the index file, if the selected filealready exists, the new optimization file will be automatically placed at thebeginning of the index.

Configuration: MYRIAD Model allows you to check the index optimization files by

clicking on the Index file tool ( ) button which makes it possible to checkwhether the different calibration files of the calibration index recover all the projectarea.

On this window, you can visualize a summary of the index optimization files:

In blue: name and coordinates of the different optimization area of the indexoptimization file

In red: coordinates of the area(s) which is (are) not covered by the index

optimization file

On the first column, you can select the area you want to visualize.

Figure 43: MYRIAD Model - Index Optim File Configuration

You can modify the index optimization file. The modifications can be made bychanging the value of the coordinates of the calibration area on the grid (double clickon the case of the grid that you want to modify) or by directly moving the calibrationarea on the picture.

You can also change the order of the calibration files in the calibration index. You canselect the line of the calibration file and move up or move down the selected

calibration file with up and down button.




In the Calibration type section, you can define the survey filtering and thecalibration type:

You select the Use automatic filtering checkbox to filter out surveys whereinconsistent values have been found. These surveys can generate inconsistency in the

tuning coefficients.Note: When this option is selected, the log displays filtered surveys and a numberbetween 0 and 100 indicates the level of quality (i.e., a value close to 95 indicates thatthe survey points are of a good quality)

During the tuning process, the calibration tool optimizes coefficients for each type ofmorphology. Note that if the morphology option is not selected, the model will onlyuse the default morphology meaning a unique optimization for all environments.Before starting the tuning process, the calibration tool will separate themeasurements points in different categories (boxes) according to the morphologythey belong to.

Please note that for both options, there is an initial checking based on min. number ofpoints: a min of 1000 measurements points per box are required to start optimizationotherwise the model uses default parameters for the box(es).

You can choose between two types of tuning:

When using the Standard calibration, the calibration tool performs specifictuning for each box without any control, it means that, for each box, it justtries to associate the variables calculated along the profile with the bestcoefficients to reduce the average and the standard deviation.

Note: the calibration tool optimizes all parameters (provided enough pointsare available), which means the model can show very good stats against theset of measurements used, but will probably be less robust when using thesame model in other type of environment.

When using the Advanced calibration, the calibration tool performs specificcalibration for each box but it first checks the distribution of each variablecalculated along the profile, it means that the calibration tool will associatethe variables calculated along the profile with the best coefficients to reducethe average and the standard deviation but only the variables considered asrepresentative of the reality, the other variables will be associated to a defaultcoefficient ('representative of the reality' means in adequacy with what the

model learnt during all steps of its development) Note: the calibration tool optimizes certain parameters (provided enoughpoints are available), which means the model can show very good stats, butaccording if the set of measurements used, the results can be a little less goodthan with the other option but it will be more robust when using the samemodel in other type of environment

Note: the transmitters and the receivers located inside a building are not consideredduring the MYRIAD Model‟s Analysis/Tuning process




In the Calibration Area section, you can select the optimization area. After thetuning of MYRIAD Model, the model uses the new optimization for the stationslocated in this optimization area. Three cases are possible:

Surveys extent: the optimization area is formed by the rectangle including thewhole of the measurement points

Project extent (default value): the optimization area is equal to the ASSETproject area

User-defined extent: you define the optimization area manually

Tuning the model starts after you click Start tuning . You can follow the progress ofthe tuning in the progress bar and in the message log.Depending on your choice, you can run several tunings and compare the differencesperformance displayed in the different Tuning performances tab.

At the end of the tuning, you can view the global results, by morphology and bysurvey. You can export these result in a CSV or Excel file with the option of exporting

the performance per pixel data.Finally, depending on the results, you can choose whether you want to keep this newMYRIAD Model tuning by clicking on Select (if there is more than one tuning) andOk to apply it automatically to the next predictions.

Figure 44: CW Measurement Analysis - Tuning performances window

Warning: during the Analyse or the Auto Tune functions, the MYRIAD Modelparameters are always taken into account, for example for the frequency:

If you select the Use antenna frequency checkbox, the model uses the frequency

defined for the antenna (database or header,




depending on whether measurements areassociated or not)

The default frequency is used when Useantenna frequency is not selected and/or

when the antenna is not defined (un-associated measurements for example)




TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONSFigure 1: Installation of the MYRIAD Model for ASSET .......................................................... ........ 8

Figure 2: Uninstalling the Myriad Model for ASSET ..................................................... ................... 9

Figure 3 : LMTools - Service/License File tab ........................................................ ......................... 11

Figure 4 : LMTools - Borrowing tab ............................................................................................ ...... 13

Figure 5 : Environment Variables ....................................................... ............................................... 14

Figure 6 : New User Variable ............................................................................................................. 14

Figure 7 : Distribution Coordinator Options .......................................................... ......................... 16

Figure 8 : Coordinator Hostname ....................................................... ............................................... 16

Figure 9: Reflection + diffraction + guided propagation = the MYRIAD Model trilogy ........... 19

Figure 10: Profile example (without vectors) .......................................................... ......................... 20

Figure 11: Profile example (with vectors) ................................................................ ......................... 20

Figure 12: Profile construction for vectors .............................................................. ......................... 20

Figure 13: Extraction of a profile ................................................................ ....................................... 22

Figure 14: Profile example of obstacles in thin ridges .............................................................. ...... 23

Figure 15: Order of obtaining the positive edges committed ........................................................ 23

Figure 16: Profile example for the graphs component ....................................... ............................ 27

Figure 17: Example of a graph (PARIS) ............................................................................................ 28

Figure 18: Examples of paths for the graphs component ............................................................... 29

Figure 19: MYRIAD Model - Parameters tab ................................................................................... 32

Figure 20: MYRIAD Model - Clutter height assignment window ................................................ 33

Figure 21 : MYRIAD Model - Raster options ................................................................................... 33

Figure 22: MYRIAD Model - Vectors type assignment window ................................................... 34

Figure 23: MYRIAD Model - Time Optim tab ........................................................ ......................... 36

Figure 24: MYRIAD Model - Radial mode ....................................................................................... 37

Figure 25: MYRIAD Model - Inner/outer area resolution mode .................................................. 38

Figure 26: MYRIAD Model - Optimized calculation area mode ................................................... 39

Figure 27: MYRIAD Model - Radio tab ........................................................ .................................... 40

Figure 28: MYRIAD Model - Horizontal propagation .............................................................. ...... 41

Figure 29: MYRIAD Model - Depenetration .................................................................................... 42

Figure 30: MYRIAD Model - Building penetration ......................................................................... 43

Figure 31: MYRIAD Model - Morphologies generator window ................................................... 44

Figure 32: MYRIAD Model - Facets generator window ................................................................. 46

Figure 33: MYRIAD Model - Graphs generator window ............................................................... 46

Figure 34: MYRIAD Model - Advanced tab ............................................................ ......................... 47

Figure 35: MYRIAD Model - Antenna correction .................................................. ......................... 47

Figure 36: Antenna correction - xml export .................................................................... ................. 48

Figure 37: Automatic antenna correction tool ........................................................ ......................... 48

Figure 38: Antenna correction - xml import............................................................ ......................... 49

Figure 39 : MYRIAD Model - Railway vectors assignment window............................................ 50

Figure 40: Association loading box ....................................................................... ............................ 55

Figure 41: Measurement toolbox ...................................................................................... ................. 56

Figure 42: MYRIAD Model - Auto Tune window ............................................................. .............. 56

Figure 43: MYRIAD Model - Index Optim File Configuration...................................................... 57

Figure 44: CW Measurement Analysis - Tuning performances window ................... ................. 59

MYRIAD MODEL User Reference Guide.pdf

Documents

Transcript of MYRIAD MODEL User Reference Guide.pdf