Mycotoxin contamination in Tanzania: Quantifying the problem in maize and cassava in households and...
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Mycotoxin contamination in Tanzania: Quantifying the problem in maize and cassava
in households and markets
Fen Beed (IITA)
Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Research Review and
Planning Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 1-5 October 2012
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Mycotoxins - aflatoxin, Health & Trade
• Synergistic with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) to cause liver cancer• 30 times more potent in HBV+
people• 5-60 times higher cancer risk
• Impairs growth and development of children
• Suppresses immune system • Impedes uptake and utilization of
micronutrients in human systems• Animal productivity reduced –
growth rate, embryo toxicity, feed efficiency, cancer, death……
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• Highly toxic metabolite produced by the ubiquitous Aspergillus flavus fungus
• The fungus infects crops and produces the toxin in the field and in stores
• Fungus carried from field to store• Contamination possible without
visible signs of the fungus
• Some predisposing factors: – pre-harvest high temp and
drought stress– wet conditions at harvest
and post-harvest periods
– insect damage
Aflatoxin FactsAflatoxin Facts
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Prevalence of Aflatoxins in Food & Feed
• 2.5 billion exposed worldwide
• Several African staple commodities affected
• High human exposure in Africa – mother to baby
• Levels and frequency of occurrence high• >30% maize in stores with >20 ppb aflatoxin
• ~90% stores are contaminated with Afla fungi
• Up to 40% grain in households with aflatoxin
• Concern for food and feed processors, government and emergency food reserve agencies
• Highly toxic strains, conducive environmental conditions, traditional farming methods and improper grain drying and storage practices, unregulated markets
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Tanzania Surveys
1> determine prevalence of mycotoxins in maize and cassava
2> questionnaires field, processing, storage methods
3> increase awareness
4 > Link to PACA; collect isolates from maize & groundnut for characterisation of potential biocontrol agents and Abt Associates
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MAFSC
TPRI& IITA
SUA
TFDA
Survey teams
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Samples milled, sub sampled, and for maize; pre-tested using serological methods for afaltoxin and fumonisin and sent along with all cassava
To IFA-TULLN for LC-MS/MS; state of the art detection capable of quantifying more than 50 toxic metabolites in a single analysis
Sample analyses
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Samples milled, sub sampled, and for maize; pre-tested using serological methods for afaltoxin and fumonisin and sent along with all cassava
To IFA-TULLN for LC-MS/MS; state of the art detection capable of quantifying more than 50 toxic metabolites in a single analysis
Sample analyses
![Page 10: Mycotoxin contamination in Tanzania: Quantifying the problem in maize and cassava in households and markets](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5568f89ad8b42aff2e8b4d18/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Samples milled, sub sampled, and for maize; pre-tested using serological methods for afaltoxin and fumonisin and sent along with all cassava
To IFA-TULLN for LC-MS/MS; state of the art detection capable of quantifying more than 50 toxic metabolites in a single analysis
Sample analyses
![Page 11: Mycotoxin contamination in Tanzania: Quantifying the problem in maize and cassava in households and markets](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5568f89ad8b42aff2e8b4d18/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Samples milled, sub sampled, and for maize; pre-tested using serological methods for afaltoxin and fumonisin and sent along with all cassava
To IFA-TULLN for LC-MS/MS; state of the art detection capable of quantifying more than 50 toxic metabolites in a single analysis
Sample analyses
![Page 12: Mycotoxin contamination in Tanzania: Quantifying the problem in maize and cassava in households and markets](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5568f89ad8b42aff2e8b4d18/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Samples milled, sub sampled, and for maize; pre-tested using serological methods for afaltoxin and fumonisin and sent along with all cassava
To IFA-TULLN for LC-MS/MS; state of the art detection capable of quantifying more than 50 toxic metabolites in a single analysis
Sample analyses
![Page 13: Mycotoxin contamination in Tanzania: Quantifying the problem in maize and cassava in households and markets](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5568f89ad8b42aff2e8b4d18/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Samples milled, sub sampled, and for maize; pre-tested using serological methods for afaltoxin and fumonisin and sent along with all cassava
To IFA-TULLN for LC-MS/MS; state of the art detection capable of quantifying more than 50 toxic metabolites in a single analysis
Sample analyses
![Page 14: Mycotoxin contamination in Tanzania: Quantifying the problem in maize and cassava in households and markets](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070317/5568f89ad8b42aff2e8b4d18/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Working partnerships and trust established
Survey and analytical methods optimised
Awareness raised
Linkages between mycotoxin prevalence with region and farmer practices identified
Areas for targeted intervention identified
- suitable for scaling out to Africa Rising Action Sites
Summary
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Thank you, Asante Sana!