Mycoplasma Readings question #1: Where do the Mycoplasma pneumonia colonies adhere? How do they...
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Transcript of Mycoplasma Readings question #1: Where do the Mycoplasma pneumonia colonies adhere? How do they...
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Mycoplasma
Readings question #1:Where do the Mycoplasma pneumonia colonies adhere? How do they spread? What diseases are caused by this bacterium? (3 points)
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Rickettsia
• Only reproduce within a mammalian cell• Induce phagocytosis; enter cytoplasm;
reproduce by binary fission
Readings question #2: What is the most severe rickettsial infection, and what organism causes it? (2 points)
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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Rickettsia prowazekii
• Readings question #3:• How is the Rickettsia prowazekii microbe
transmitted to produce epidemic typhus?
• Signs and symptoms: high and prolonged fever that lasts at least 2 weeks; stupor; rash that darkens as disease progresses
• Anne Frank
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Treatment
• tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol• eliminate conditions• vaccines for military
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Rickettsia typhi
• sporadic• murine: mouseReadings question #4:
How is the Rickettsia typhi microbe transmitted to produce endemic typhus?
• treatment: tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol
• rat control is best preventive measure
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Coxiella burnetti
• parasite of several arthropods• birthing: organisms shed in high numbers• resistant to heat, drying, a many disinfectants• inhaling a single pathogen can cause infection• pasteurization temperature raised in 1956• responsible for Q fever
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Q Fever
• Wide range of clinical symptoms• 60% asymptomatic• Acute: high fevers (104-105 degrees), severe
headache, general malaise, confusion, sore throat, chills, sweats, non-productive cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and chest pain
• pneumonia: 30-50% patients; hepatitis
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Chronic Q Fever
• Infection persists for more than 6 months• 1 year or 20 years• Endocarditis• Transplant recipients, cancer, kidney disease• Treatment: acute- doxycycline
chronic- doxycycline & quinolones doxycycline &
hydroxychloroquine
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Preventioneducationappropriate disposalrestrict accesspasteurized milklaboratory clothingvaccinationquarantineholding facilitiesroutine testing
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Chlamydia
Readings question #5:
What are the 3 species of chlamydias that are significant pathogens for humans? Describe the growth stages of this microorganism.(5pts)
Chlamydias are transmitted to humans by interpersonal contact or by airborne respiratory routes.
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Chlamydial pneumonia
• outbreaks among college students• transmitted by the respiratory route• 50% U.S. population has antibodies• treatment: tetracycline
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Chlamydia trachomatic
• Causative agent for:trachoma
Lymphogranuloma veneruem NGU (non-gonococcal
urethritis) or NSU (non-specific urethritis)
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Trachoma
• Greek: “rough eye”• arid parts of Africa and Asia, almost all
children are infected early in their lives• 500 million active cases worldwide and 7
million blinded victims• occurs occasionally in the southwestern U.S.• transmitted by hand contact or by sharing
personal objects
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Trachoma (cont’d)
• conjunctivitis leads to permanent scarring• long-term mechanical abrasion of the cornea• turned-in eyelashes• secondary infections• tetracycline ointment• partial immunity• sanitary practices and health education
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Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
• Genital infections associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer
• NGU/NSU: any inflammation of the urethra that is not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae– painful urination and watery discharge– coinfection with C. trachomatis
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Chlamycia psittaci
• Infected birds will usually have diarrhea, ruffled feathers, respiratory illness, and a generally “droopy appearance”
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Prions
“small proteinaceous infectious agents without a nucleic acid genome……
produce spongiform encephalopathies”
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Pathogenicity
• abnormally folded proteins that cause the proteins to clump
• diseases have a long incubation time• CNS damage is insidious• no fever and inflammation
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Readings Question #6
• Why are prions of a particular concern to embalmers? (3 points)
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
• transfers/removals• embalming non-posted Remains• embalming posted remains• decontamination
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NJ Dept. of Health/NJSFDAEmbalming Non-posted Remains
• Protective attire• Positioning• Topical disinfection• Washing and positioning• Injection site selection• Injection chemicals• No cavity aspiration• Aspiration alternative
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Embalming Non-posted(cont’d)
• other precautions:• purge• medical devices• washing• instruments• surfaces• disposables
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Embalming Posted Remains
• viscera• preservative powder• completion• viscera bag• cranial cavity• calvarium
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Decontamination
• sodium hypochlorite• incineration• detergent• solution of 1:10 sodium hypochlorite/water