Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Decline During 2000, a total of 16,377 cases of tuberculosis (TB) (5.8...
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Transcript of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Decline During 2000, a total of 16,377 cases of tuberculosis (TB) (5.8...
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Decline� During 2000, a total of 16,377 cases of
tuberculosis (TB) (5.8 cases per 100,000 of population) were reported to CDC from the 50 states and the District of Columbia, representing a 7% decrease from 1999 and a 39% decrease from 1990. In 1992 there was a resurgence of TB in the United States.
Reported Cases Ethnicity
Source: CDC
Rate per Population
Source: CDC
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB)
� A slow growing bacteria that primarily affects the respiratory tract of humans.
� Other areas that can be affected:
TB Growth
� What happens after the bacteria have entered the body?They begin to grow in the alveoli (small air
sacs) of the lungs and then spread throughout the lung and body.
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Lung Anatomy
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Source: CDC
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Incubation
� What is the usual incubation period?2-10 weeks for TB infectionUp to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk)
� TB infected, Latent TB:Positive Skin Test-not contagious
� TB disease/active:Showing symptoms and is highly
contagious
Treatment
� Multidrug resistantThey are trying many new different drug
combinations to combat the drug-resistant strains.
� DOTDirectly Observed Therapy
Directly Observed Therapy
� DOTDirectly Observed Therapy
Source: CDC
Testing
� Two major screenings available to the general population: Tine Test (3 prong)PPD (Purified Protein Derivative)
PPD Testing
Source: CDC
Transmission
� Inhalation of infectious particles:Infectious particles are carried in the air
after an active TB individual speaks, coughs, sneezes, or certain medical procedures are performed.
� These particles are called droplet nuclei.
� 1-5 microns/ 1/5000 of an inch in size
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Infected Person
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Infected Person Cough-Sneeze-Talking
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Infected Person
Transmitting Droplets Inhalation of Droplets
Cough-Sneeze-Talking
Respirator
� A respirator is a personal protective device that removes air contaminants such as dust, mists, and aerosols from the ambient air.
� The ones used to protect against TB, filter out material down to 0.3 microns at 95% efficiency (N95).NIOSH approved
Respirator
Respirator
N 95 NIOSHApproved
Must be fit tested
AFB Isolation
� Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) isolation room:Warning signsMust be maintained under negative
pressure. Exhaust air from the isolation room away
from air intakes for the building, usually on the roof.
Filters
� High Efficiency Particulate Air filter (HEPA):Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB
isolation room at 0.3 microns at 99.97% efficiency.
Settings at Risk
� High Risk Settings:Health care settingsCorrectional institutionsHomeless sheltersLong-term care facilities for the elderlyDrug treatment centers
Where are your risks?