Mycenean cemetery in achaia
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Transcript of Mycenean cemetery in achaia
Bronze Age in Greece (3.000-1.100 B.C.)
Cycladic civilization in Cyclades Islands
3.000-1.450 B.C.
Minoan civilization in Creta
3.000-1.450 B.C.
Mycenaean civilization in mainland Greece
1.600-1.100 B.C.
Mycenaean and Submycenaean
period in western Achaea
1.500 – 1.000 B.C.
Architecture
• Settlements
• Cemeteries
• Tombs
• Walls
Mycenaean settlements in Western Achaea
Chalandritsa: One of the most important Mycenaean settlements
in Achaea.
Road Room with a child’s burial
Chalandritsa
Portes
an important Mycenaean settlement
(17th -11th cent. B.C.)
The settlement
The cemetery
There are four types of Mycenaean tombs all represented in the cemetery of Portes
1. Curved chamber tombs
2. Tholos tombs
3. Built chamber tombs
4. Cist graves
1.Chamber tombs : curved out of soft rocky hillsides. The most common Mycenaean graves for ordinary people. They were part of an organized cemetery.
Dromos: a downwards-sloping ramp
Stomion: the entrance
Chamber of many shapes
After the burial stomion was built with drystone walling and dromos was filled with earth. A “sema” (stone or wooden mark) was often placed on the entrance.
Chamber tomb 3
The chamber of grave 29 with burial pits
2. The tholos tombs: were built of stones
only for rulers and their families.
They had the same structure with chamber tombs.
Dromos Stomion Chamber
Differences from chamber tombs:
1.Both dromos and burial chamber were built.
2.Their chamber had always round shape.
Each horizontal row of stones projected slightly from the lower one. As the height rose the diameter of rows decreased. By this way the roof was formed like a cone with curved sides.
Mycenae:The tomb of Agamemnon Dromos and entrance (1.250 B.C.)
Tholos tomb with reconstructed tholos near the palace of Pylos (15th cent. B.C.)
Two tholos tombs
Tholos tomb in Portes
3. Built chamber tombs
• They were subterranean with rectangular shape.
• Their sides were built with flat stones in horizontal layers.
• The roof was made of horizontal big slabs.
• The entrance was in one of the short sides.
• They had a short dromos.
• After the burial stomion was closed with dry masonry and dromos was filled with soil.
Built chamber tomb in Portes
Reconstructed built chamber tomb from Portes in the Museum of Patras
Cist graves in Portes
4. Cist graves
• They were pits dug on the ground.
• They were lined and covered usually with stone slabs.
( cist: box shaped)
Tumulus : an artificial earthen mound surrounded by a stone circle or by a built enclosure
Tumulus with built chamber tombs and cist graves in Portes
The Mycenaean The cemetery
settlement
Voudeni: The Mycenaean settlement survived a few more
decades than any other settlement in Achaea until 1.000 B.C.
The archeological
area
The cemetery
Tomb 5
Tomb 77
Tomb 75 with stomion closed with stones.
Terracotta burial asaminthos (Minoan style) from Voudeni.
Part of defending wall of Voudeni settlement
Teichos Dymaion: The Dymaion wall
A Cyclopean Mycenaean fortification.
The main entrance
The tower: the Mycenaean and the Medieval part