i

DECLARATION

I, NIZEYIMANA Jean-Paul 4th year student at National University of Rwanda, in the Faculty

of Applied Sciences, Department of Computer Science, to the best of my knowledge hereby

declare that the work presented in this internship report carried out at Brasseries et

Limonaderie du Rwanda (BRALIRWA) from 1st October to 30th November 2010 is my

original work and has never been presented elsewhere for any academic qualifications. Any

reference in terms of book or any other written or electronic materials are indicated in the

bibliography.

Date............................................. Date...................................

Student signature......................... Supervisor signature............................

NIZEYIMANA Jean-Paul KAYINAMURA Pacifique

ii

DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to:

My Parents,

My Brothers and Sisters,

My Angel N. Pacifique,

Dear relatives and friends,

All my colleagues,

All creative thinkers and researchers

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of this work would not have been possible without various contribution made

by many people. For this reason, I appreciate the assistance provided to me during the

internship and would like to express my emotions of gratitude to whoever participated

towards the completion and success of this internship.

I offer great thanks to Almighty God who gave me all efforts invested in carrying out my

practical training and glory be to him as I am so pleased to the kind of institution that he

provide for me to work in as an internship occasion. My sincere thanks also go to my family

and friends who provided me with strength, moral support, guidance and financial support for

the achievement of this internship.

Thank gratitude to NUR as a whole Faculty of Applied Sciences in particular which

organized this practical training, allowing us to acquire such an important and useful

experience by putting the theoretical academic knowledge into practical realities.

I thank the General Director of BRALIRWA who allowed me to carry out my internship in

his organization.

My thanks goes also to Mr. KAYINAMURA Pacifique who has been supervising me during

my internship. He had been always kind and ready to any help requested. His interpersonal

and communication skills make him very welcoming to everyone. My thanks; go generally to

BRALIRWA staffs, particularly ICT department who have been very kind, attentive and

competent. Finally, I extend my thanks to all my colleagues.

May God bless you.

NIZEYIMANA Jean-Paul

iv

ABSTRACT

Education is the knowledge of putting one’s potentials to maximum use and the National

University of Rwanda academically organized a two months training for its students to help

them to enter the practical world to achieve their life setting goals and make the institution

eminent as well. A learner is enabled to receive information from the external world to

acquaint him with the history and receive all necessary information regarding the present and

can become a good decision maker in the future.

An Internship is an opportunity for the Students to observe a small practical field i.e an organization.

Though it’s a little time activity but it always provides the ladder to your success in future endeavors.

This internship started from 1st October to 30th November 2010 and it has been carried in

BRALIRWA, also known by its French name Brasseries et Limonaderies du Rwanda, which

is the largest brewer and soft beverage company in the Republic of Rwanda.

This institution is divided into many departments within we find ICT, the one which admitted

me as a trainee during my internship period.

Thus the accomplishment of my internship was efficiently, due to a timetable for daily

activities settled from the first week up to the last week.

The purpose of this report is to put in writing the work experience performed and the learning

attained from performing specific tasks while working in a professional computing

environment.

v

ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

BCS : Brewery Control System

BRALIRWA : Brasseries et Limonaderies du Rwanda

CD : Compact Disk

DCHP : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

HDD : Hard Drive Disk

ICT : Information, Communication and Technology

IMAP : Internet Message Access Protocol

IP : Internet Protocol

IT : Information Technology

LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

MS : Microsoft

NUR : National University of Rwanda

PC : Personal Computer

POP : Post Office Protocol

RAM : Random Access Memory

SP : Service Pack

UPS : Uninterruptible Power Supply

WWW : World Wide Web

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

DECLARATION...................................................................................................................................... iDEDICATION......................................................................................................................................... iiACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................................iiiABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................................ivLIST OF ABREVIATION.......................................................................................................................vTABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................................................viCHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION..................................................................................11.0. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................11.1. OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP....................................................................................................11.1.1. General Objective..........................................................................................................................11.1.2. Specific Objectives........................................................................................................................21.2. METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................................21.2.0. Introduction....................................................................................................................................21.2.1 Participatory Approach...................................................................................................................21.2.2. Observation....................................................................................................................................21.2.3. Interviews.......................................................................................................................................21.2.4. Documentation...............................................................................................................................31.2.5. Data processing and analysis.........................................................................................................31.3. ORGANIZATION OF PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT..........................................................3CHAPTER TWO: COMPANY PROFILE..............................................................................................42.1. COMPANY DETAILS.....................................................................................................................42.2. LOCATION......................................................................................................................................42.3. HISTORY.........................................................................................................................................42.4. OWNERSHIP...................................................................................................................................52.5. BRANDS..........................................................................................................................................52.6. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE..............................................................................................52.6.1. ICT DEPARTMENT OF BRALIRWA GISENYI........................................................................5CHAPTER 3: PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED..............................63.1. ACTIVITIES DONE IN THE INTERNSHIP.................................................................................63.1.1. Hardware installation and maintenance.........................................................................................63.1.2. SOFTWARE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE..........................................................113.1.2.1. How to install Windows XP SP3..............................................................................................123.1.2.1. LOTUS NOTES........................................................................................................................143.1.3. NETWORK MAINTENANCE...................................................................................................163.1.3.1. Maintaining the Network..........................................................................................................163.1.3.2. How to create network cables...................................................................................................173.1.3.3. Expanding the Network............................................................................................................193.1.4. OTHER ACTIVITIES.................................................................................................................193.2. EXPERIENCE GAINED DURING MY INTERNSHIP AND PROBLEMS................................20ENCOUNTERED..................................................................................................................................203.2.1. Experience Gained.......................................................................................................................203.2.1.1 Theoretical application..............................................................................................................203.2.1.2. Time management.....................................................................................................................203.2.1.3. Interaction with employees and other internees.....................................................................203.2.1.4. Performance..............................................................................................................................203.2.1.6. Methods of data collection........................................................................................................213.3. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING INTERNSHIP............................................................21CHAPTER 4: GENERAL CONLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................224.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................224.2 General Conclusion..........................................................................................................................224.3. Recommendations...........................................................................................................................23BIBILIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................24

2

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

 1.0. INTRODUCTION

Internship is one of the practical training courses that every student in the final academic year

of the National university of Rwanda must undergo for a period specified by the faculty as a

partial fulfillment for the award of a bachelor’s degree. Practical training exposes the student

to the actual activities being carried out in the field. It also enables the student to harmonize

what is learnt in class with reality on the professional ground. It is in this perspective that I

carried out my industrial training at BRALIRWA in the ICT department.

This training contributes a lot in the academic life of every student since it puts theories into

practice. It is considerable test when we try to match what we have leaned in class and with

what is going on outside by the selected and competent expertise in Rwandan work

environment.

It is from training carried within different sorts of organizations that students are equipped

with necessary skills getting from the practice of theories into practice.

Therefore being compulsory, it contributes to the students’ worth towards the award of the

bachelor’s degree. This training (internship) was carried out at BRALIRWA - GISENYI

currently located in Rubavu District.

 I started on 1st October and ended on 30 November 2010 a period of eight weeks. The

training is meant to attain the completion of the bachelor’s degree and for the fulfillment of

the requirement for the award of a degree in Computer Science by the National University of

Rwanda.

1.1. OBJECTIVES OF INTERNSHIP

1.1.1. General Objective

The main objective of this internship is to practice the theoretical concepts learnt from

Lectures in the real work environment. It is also aimed at making students gain professional

experience in private or public sector. By trying to update and mix those concepts in day-to-

day operations of the organizations.

1.1.2. Specific Objectives

- To improve proficiency in computer skills

- To be personal and professional developed

- To sharp ability in communication skills, initiative and independence

- To gain interpersonal skills that is essential in socio-economic decision making.

1.2. METHODOLOGY

1.2.0. Introduction

In as far as the internship study was concerned different methods were applied so as to get the

needed information, and among them include; participatory approach, observation,

documentation and interviews.

1.2.1 Participatory Approach

This is one of the methods used while carrying out the training to collect data. Under this

method, I was assigned to participate in day to day activities with the ICT manager; therefore,

this enables to get the necessary data.

1.2.2. Observation

This method helped the trainee to get the first hand information on the employees’ reaction to

different practices in the office, by observing and analyzing the actions. The trainee has to

observe how things were done.

Some of the information gathered through this technique included:

Employees’ commitment and arrangement in their work.

Relationship between employees and their superiors including their social interactions

and different approaches used among them.

1.2.3. Interviews

In the interview method, the trainee had to recognize face-to-face conversation with the

employees on the particular topics of interest. Under this method, personal interaction with

the supervisor for hardware / software maintenance and installation was conducted.

1.2.4. Documentation

This is another method yet that was used to get information about historical background,

mission, vision, and core values of BRALIRWA. The documents consulted included: 

Publications and Reports by BRALIRWA, Manual Guide for some software and hardware

devices used at BRALIRWA.

1.2.5. Data processing and analysis

The necessary information obtained on a daily basis using the above mentioned techniques

was recorded in a notebook. The information gathered from the different discussions, the

institution as a whole was finally analyzed to make report.

1.3. ORGANIZATION OF PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT

This practical training report is arranged in the following manner;

Chapter one consists of the introduction, purpose, objectives, and methodology used by the

internee during my practical training and organization of the report.

Chapter two presents the description of the institution its historical background, mission, its

organization and structure.

Chapter three contains activities carried out, skills gained and challenges encountered.

Chapter four shows general conclusion and recommendations.

CHAPTER TWO: COMPANY PROFILE

BRALIRWA, also known by its French name Brasseries et Limonaderies du Rwanda, is

the largest brewer and soft beverage company in the Republic of Rwanda. BRALIRWA

deals in the production of alcoholic and gaseous drinks.

2.1. COMPANY DETAILS

Brasseries et Limonaderies du Rwanda (Rwanda Breweries and Soft drink Manufacturers)

P.O. Box 131 Kigali

Tel  : (250)82993 –82994 ; Fax : (250)85693

2.2. LOCATION

The Bralirwa brewery is located in Gisenyi, approximately 117 kilometres (73 mi), by road,

west of Kigali, Rwanda's capital city. The administrative headquarters of the company are

located in Kigali. Also located in Kigali is the Soft Beverages Plant, where Coca-Cola

carbonated beverages of are manufactured under license.

2.3. HISTORY

The history of BRALIRWA goes back to 1957. The management of the breweries of the

Congo and Burundi, then under the management of Brasseries de Leopoldville (Brewery of

Kinshasa), decided to build another brewery in the Eastern region. The city of Gisenyi, on the

northern shores of Lake Kivu, was selected to house the new brewery. Gisenyi was selected

for two reasons: (1) It was easily accessible, by water, land and air and (2) Lake Kivu has a

large quantity of proven reserves of methane gas, a source of alternative energy. The brewery

became operational in 1959 and began producing Primus beer, the only brand produced until

1987. In 1987, a new premium local beer brand, Mützig was introduced. In 1989, Bralirwa

began making Guinness under license.

In 1971, the Dutch brewer Heineken acquired a 70% majority share in Bralirwa. With the

acquisition, Bralirwa greatly improved its brewing process. In 1974, Bralirwa diversified into

the production of soft drinks. Today, Bralirwa is a regionally and internationally recognized

brewer and soft beverage manufacturer with an expanding portfolio of alcoholic and non-

alcoholic beverages.

2.4. OWNERSHIP

The Heineken Group owns 70% of the shares of the company. The remaining 30% are owned

by the Government of Rwanda. In December 2009, Bralirwa publicly announced that it will

list its shares of the Rwanda Over The Counter Exchange in 2010.

The Rwandan Government is expected to divest its ownership in the company by selling 5%

of its ownership directly to the Heineken Group and 25% to the public.

2.5. BRANDS

The brands manufactured by Bralirwa include:

- Beers : Primus, Mützig, Heineken, Amstel and Guinness

- Soft drinks : Coca-Cola, Fanta and Sprite

2.6. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

BRALIRWA is divided into different departments; these include Personal department,

Medical department, Human Resources Development department, Legal department and ICT

department.

2.6.1. ICT DEPARTMENT OF BRALIRWA GISENYI

ICT Department at BRALIRWA GISENYI has only one worker who is in charge of all ICT

tasks; these include software and hardware implementation and maintenance, Network

management, IT equipment management …

The office of ICT department is divided into two rooms; one is a server room with 5 servers

another one is for the workers.

The five servers in the server-room are:

- mmosrwagyi01 : for infrastructure

- mmosrwagyi02: for Lotus Notes software

- mmosrwagyi03 : for BCS software

- mmosrwagyi04: used as proxy server

- mmosrwagyi05: print server

CHAPTER 3: PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED

During this industrial training of two months, I tried to identify whether the knowledge

acquired in class can be applied with the reality on the ground.

3.1. ACTIVITIES DONE IN THE INTERNSHIP

During my time at BRALIRWA GISENYI, I was involved in a lot of different tasks such as

software and hardware Installation and maintenance/troubleshooting, network maintenance,

network management…

3.1.1. Hardware installation and maintenance

Different hardware devices are used at BRALIRWA, the table below shows the most devices

used at BRALIRWA in different department.

Table 1: Devices used at BRALIRWA GISENYI

Devices Description

Personal computer (Desktop

and Laptop)

A personal computer (PC) is any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator.

Printer (Color and Black) A printer is a peripheral which produces a text and/or graphics of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies.

Scanner An image scanner, often abbreviated to just scanner, is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image.

Uninterruptible Power Supply An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains, fails.

Network equipment Networking hardware typically refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer network. Typically, this includes routers, switches, hubs, gateways, access points, network interface cards, Networking cables, network bridges, modems, ISDN adapters, firewalls and other related hardware.

Source : primary data

During my time at BRALIRWA many devices have been installed and maintained, the next

paragraphs illustrate the devices we installed / maintained and how these devices have been

installed / maintained.

Installing an Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)

Blackouts and power outages (and the data loss they can cause) can happen at BRALIRWA.

While Windows XP Professional contains a backup utility that can be used to protect its data,

and it uses a network drive that's backed up every night for its data, it is also concerned about

keeping power going to its PCs during its normal operation between backups.

Fortunately there are devices called an Uninterruptable Power Supply – or UPS – that will

kick in when the power company fails. (See the table above).

These devices can be installed on a network but at BRALIRWA GISENYI they are directly

installed without network configuration.

After they have made the purchase, there is nothing left but its installation, hookup and

testing.  Here are steps to install an UPS

- Set up the UPS in a suitable location that is near the PC gear that we intend to backup and

make sure it is secure and cannot be spilled on or tripped over. 

- Next we need to connect the UPS to a primary Power Supply.  This is a simple plug-and-

play operation.   Plug it into a grounded socket and attach the cable-locks if the unit comes

with them attached.

- Attach all the devices that need power protection by inserting their power in (male)

connector to the UPS.  Connect the monitoring cable via USB connection and install the

UPS Software.   Make sure that you configure the setup with the maximum support time

provided.  Be sure to update your windows system registry after installing the UPS

software.  You can purchase and download a top registry software package that does

this. 

- Allow 24 hours battery charge time and we should be good to go.  After the battery is

charged we should do a UPS test by jerking the plug to the UPS from its socket.  The UPS

software will announce the loss of power and impending shutdown, which is your signal to

power-down all applications and devices.  

Testing your UPS configuration from time to time is wise, just to make sure you aren't let

down when a real emergency occurs. Follow these steps to do so:

Close any open documents or programs.

Simulate a power failure by disconnecting the power to the UPS device. Check to see

that, after disconnecting the power to the UPS device, the computer and peripherals

connected to the UPS device continue operating and that a warning message appears

on the screen.

If the UPS service is configured to run a command file, check to see that it executes in

under 30 seconds.

Restore power to the UPS device.

Check the system log in the Event Viewer to ensure that all actions were logged and

that no errors occurred.

Installing a new computer

After installing all the programs needed, a new computer must enter in a domain in order to

be managed on the network. The computer is given a domain name (rw.mmo.heiway.net)

and added on the server.

The names of computers at BRALIRWA GISENYI are as following:

Example for - Desktops : mmodrwagyi003

- Laptops: mmonrwagyi040

- Servers: mmosrwagyi01

Maintaining an existing computer

During my time at BRALIRWA, the main hardware problem was a low disk space and

slowness of a computer because of its random access memory (RAM) capacity. Most of all

computers that have been purchased before 2007 has a RAM capacity of 256MB, because of

the software used, with this RAM the computer can’t work properly. We increased the

capacity of this one by adding more RAM with 512MB capacity.

These computers had a HDD (Hard Disk) capacity of 20GB and this was not enough to hold

all the data for many workers at BRALIRWA we replaced these HDD by 160GB HDD and

we back up all users data from the old disk.

Installing a printer

All printers in BRALIRWA GISENYI are shared via the network on a print server

(mmosrwagyi05). Installing a network printer allows multiple users and computer to share a

single printer, rather than having numerous personal printers throughout the office.

When installing a network printer, we make sure it is located in a centralized place so that all

users can access it conveniently, and then configure the printer on each machine.

How to install a networked printer on the server First of all, we need to set the printer to a static IP address in the network range of our SBS.

In this example our network is the 192.168.10.x range and we choose to set the printer to

192.168.10.7. You can also define an exception in the DCHP scope and put the printers in

that range.

 

Double click Printers and Faxes in Control Panel 

 Click Add a printer

  Click next  Choose to add a local printer and be sure to uncheck Automatically Detect...  Create a new port and choose the type 'Standard TCP/IP port'.  Fill in the IP address of the printer.

  Click finish.

 

The user can now print to the network printer by selecting the printer in an application. The

Printers tab on the user's computer shows the new network printer. You can configure local

property settings.

Tip: As you might expect, Windows XP provides several different ways to connect to a

network printer. You can also set up a printer by browsing to the print server in Network

Neighborhood and then accessing the server's Printers folder by double-clicking on it. Next,

double-click on the icon of the printer to which you want to connect. This opens a

management window for the printer. Finally, select Install from the Printer menu.

3.1.2. SOFTWARE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

Different software are used at BRALIRWA, the table below shows the main software used at

BRALIRWA in different department.

Software Type Description

WINDOWS XP SP3 Operating

system

Windows XP is an operating system that was produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, and media centers. It was first released in August 2001, and is the most popular version of Windows, based on installed user base. The name "XP" is short for ”eXPerience”

WINDOWS SERVER

2003

Server

operating

system

Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3) is a server operating system produced by Microsoft, introduced on 24 April 2003. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on 6 December 2005.

MS OFFICE 2007 Application

software

Microsoft Office 2007 (officially called 2007 Microsoft Office System) is a Windows version of the Microsoft Office System, Microsoft's productivity suite. Formerly known as Office 12 in the initial stages of its beta cycle, it was released to volume license customers on November 30, 2006 and made available to retail customers on January 30, 2007. This is a package that includes; Word 2007, Excel 2007, Power point 2007, Outlook 2007…

SYMANTEC Antivirus Symantec helps consumers and organizations secure and manage their information-driven world. This software and services protect against more risks at more points, more completely and efficiently, enabling confidence wherever information is used or stored

NET SUPPORT Utility

software

Remote Control and PC Management software focused on removing the need for support staff to physically visit a remote users PC to resolve technical issues. Gather real-time inventory and system data. NetSupport Manager provides the ability to support Windows, Mac, Linux and mobile devices all from a single console.

LOTUS NOTES Application

software

Lotus Notes is the client side of a client–server, collaborative application developed and sold by IBM Software Group. IBM describes the software as an "integrated desktop client option for accessing business e-mail, calendars and applications. Notes referred to both the client and server applications.

BCS (Brewery Control

System)

Application

software

BCS (Brewery Control System) customSoftware, Dutch brewing giant Heineken is one of the software major shareholders.BCS is used to improve a support for the remote offices and disaster recovery capabilities. Applications in the remote offices were run from the local machines, which began to suffer from a lack of disk space. With the data saved locally as well, BCS ran the risk of losing data should a hard drive fail.

CITRIX Application

software

The Citrix solution enabled DB Breweries to roll out newer versions of applications without replacing its entire hardware platform.This is a package containing many applications but at BRALIRWA only one application used is NAVISION which replaced ISHA.

Source: primary data

For a new computer, we had to install most of these programs according to the need of the

users. There are programs that are used by all the users, these are for example: Windows XP

SP3, MS office 2007, Lotus Notes, Symantec and NetSupport. BCS are used by some users

not everyone.

3.1.2.1. How to install Windows XP SP3

Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) is an important update that includes previously released

security, performance, and stability updates for Windows XP.

How to get SP3

The recommended (and easiest) way to get SP3 is to turn on Automatic Updates, which can

automatically download SP3 when it's available for your computer. You just need a few

clicks to begin the installation and the rest of the process is automatic. If Automatic Updates

isn't turned on, you can install SP3 by using Windows Update at the Windows website.

In order to install SP3, you must first have Windows XP Service Pack 1a (SP1a) or Service

Pack 2 (SP2) installed. These are also available when you have Automatic Updates turned on.

Note: There's no SP3 for the 64-bit version of Windows XP. If you're running the 64-bit

version of Windows XP with SP2, you have the latest service pack and will continue to be

eligible for support and receive updates until April 8, 2014.

To manually install SP3 using the standalone installation package or a CD

1. Do one of the following:

If you downloaded SP3 from the website, to install it immediately, click Open or Run

and follow the instructions on your screen. To install the program later, click Save and

download the installation file to your computer. When you're ready to install the

service pack, double-click the file.

If you're installing SP3 from the Service Pack 3 CD, insert the disc into your

computer with your current version of Windows XP running, and the Software

Update Installation Wizard should automatically appear. If this wizard doesn't appear,

click Start, double-click My Computer, right-click your CD or DVD drive, and then

click AutoPlay.

2. On the Windows XP Service Pack 3 page, click Next.

3. Follow the instructions that appear on your screen.

4. After the installation is complete, click Finish to restart your computer.

5. If you disabled your antivirus software, enable it again.

To install Windows XP SP3 at BRALIRWA we used an update downloaded from Microsoft

website.

3.1.2.1. LOTUS NOTES

Lotus notes is one of the most important software at BRALIRWA. Every user has to have it

in his computer for it as an "integrated desktop client option for accessing business e-mail,

calendars and applications on a Lotus Domino server.

Lotus Notes can be used for many applications as well as for internal communication

collaborative applications, including e-mails, calendaring, PIM, instant messaging, Web

browsing, and a variety of feature-rich custom applications. It can be used to access both

local- and server-based applications and data. The current version of Lotus Notes used at

BRALIRWA is 6.5

Lotus Notes can be used as an IMAP and POP e-mail client with non-Domino mail servers.

Recipient addresses can be retrieved from any LDAP server, including Active Directory. The

client also does web browsing, although it can be configured to launch the default browser

instead.

SCREENSHOT OF THE IBM LOTUS NOTES 6.5 DEFAULT WELCOME PAGE

Client/Server

Lotus Notes is a true client/server database environment and the servers themselves can be

virtually independent of the hardware and software. The server software is called Lotus

Domino and the client software is Lotus Notes. The Domino software can run on Windows,

Unix, Linux, AIX, AS/400 and even IBM mainframes such as the iSeries, and can scale to

tens of thousands of users per server.

Data replication

The first release of Notes included a generalized replication facility. The generalized nature

of this feature set it apart from predecessors like Usenet and continues to differentiate Notes

from many other systems that now offer some form of synchronization or replication. The

facility in Notes and Domino is not limited to email, calendar, and contacts. It works for any

data in any application that uses Notes Storage Facility (.nsf) files, which are the standard

container for data in the Notes architecture, for its storage. No special programming, tagging,

or other configuration is required to enable replication.

Security

Notes was the first widely adopted software product to use public key cryptography for

client–server and server–server authentication and for encryption of data; it remains the

product with the largest installed base of PKI users. Until US laws regulating encryption were

changed in 2000, Lotus was prohibited from exporting versions of Notes that supported

symmetric encryption keys that were longer than 40 bits.

Database security

Every database has an access control list (ACL) that specifies the level of access a user or a

server can have to that database. A user's access level determines what tasks he or she can

perform in the database; A server's access level determines what information the user can

replicate. (The names of access levels are the same for users and servers.) Only a user or

administrator with Manager access can create or modify the ACL. To set an ACL, the

Manager selects the access level, user type, and access level privileges for each user or group

in a database. Default entries in the ACL can be set when the Manager creates the database.

The manager can also assign roles if the database designer determines this level of access

refinement is needed by the application.

Programming

Notes/Domino is a cross-platform, secure, distributed document-oriented database and

messaging framework and rapid application development environment that includes pre-built

applications like email, calendar, etc. This sets it apart from its major commercial

competitors, such as Microsoft Exchange or Novell GroupWise, which are generally purpose-

built applications for mail and calendaring that offer APIs for extensibility.

Lotus Domino databases are built using the Domino Designer client, available only for

Microsoft Windows; standard user clients are available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.

Criticisms

Publications such as The Guardian in 2006 have criticized Lotus Notes for having an

"unintuitive [user] interface" and cite widespread dissatisfaction with the usability of the

client software. The Guardian indicates that Notes has not necessarily suffered as a result of

this dissatisfaction due to the fact that "the people who choose [enterprise software] tend not

to be the ones who use it." Lotus violates an important usability law that dictates that a

consistent UI is often better than a new and improved alternative. Since Microsoft is

perceived to set the standard for Windows applications, Lotus's differences (F9 versus F5,

New Memo versus New Mail, etc.) are perceived to be 'wrong' by some users.

3.1.3. NETWORK MAINTENANCE

During my time at BRALIRWA, one of my tasks was also network management. This

includes Maintaining and Expanding the network.

3.1.3.1. Maintaining the Network

This phase of network administration consists of ongoing tasks that will typically comprise

the bulk of your responsibilities. They might include:

Adding new host devices to the network

• Network security

• Administering network services, such as name services, and electronic mail...etc

• Troubleshooting network problems

During my time at BRALIRWA, we added on the network 5 new computers and 2 printers.

For the network troubleshooting, the main problem that several happen is network cables

damage. These can be for computers, printers, switches …

To adjust this we create new cables or change the RG-45 pin.

3.1.3.2. How to create network cables

Things we need to create network cables

Crimper - This is the most essential tool and critical to the cable making process. If

you don't have a quality crimper, then your cable connections will be bad.

Tester (Optional) - Although not necessary for making cables, having a good cable

tester can prevent and solve cable wiring configuration and installation problems.

Most testers consist of two boxes (transmitter and receiver) you plug your patch cable.

RG-45 Connectors - Ensure your RJ45 connectors are designed for the type of cable

you are using (solid/stranded), as they have different types of teeth for piercing

between multiple strands or around a solid single strand.

Bulk Cable - Bulk cable can be found at computer stores, electrical stores, and home

centers. You can obtain Category 5, Category 5e, and Category 6 cable, depending on

your needs. For lengths shorter than 50' use a stranded/braided cable. For lengths

greater than 50' use a solid cable.

Straight edge wire cutter. You may find serrated snips work very nicely. Use

something that gives an easy square cut; avoid diagonal pliers for this reason. You

will find that many quality crimpers have a straight edge cutter built in.

These are steps to create network cables:

1. Unroll the required length of network cable and add a little extra wire, just in case. If a boot is to be fitted, do so before stripping away the sleeve and ensure the boot faces the correct way.

2

Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable. Be careful when stripping the

jacket as to not nick or cut the internal wiring. One good way to do this is to cut

lengthwise with snips or a knife along the side of the cable, away from you,

about an inch toward the open end. You will notice 8 wires twisted in 4 pairs

3

4

5. Arrange the wires based on the wiring specifications you are following.

6.

7.

Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or scrapes that expose the

copper wire inside. If you have breached the protective sheath of any wire, you

will need to cut the entire segment of wires off and start over at step one.

It is important that the jacket for all network cables remains intact.

Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your fingers. The white

piece of thread can be cut off even with the jacket and disposed . For easier

handling, cut the wires so that they are 3/4" (19 mm) long from the base of

the jacket and even in length.

There are two methods set by the TIA, 568A and 568B. Which one you use will depend on what is being connected. A straight-through cable is used to connect two different-layer devices (e.g. a hub and a PC). Two like devices normally require a cross-over cable. The difference between the two is that a straight-through cable has both ends wired identically with 568B, while a cross-over cable has one end wired 568A and the other end wired 568B.

Press all the wires flat and parallel between your thumb and forefinger. Verify the colors have remained in the correct order. Cut the top of the wires even with one another so that they are 1/2" (12.5 mm) long from the base of the jacket, as the jacket needs to go into the 8P8C connector by about 1/8", meaning that you only have a 1/2" of room for the individual cables. Leaving more than 1/2" untwisted can jeopardize connectivity and quality. Ensure that the cut leaves the wires even and clean; failure to do so may cause the wire not to make contact inside the jack and could lead to wrongly guided cores inside the plug.

Place the wired plug into the crimping tool. Give the handle a firm squeeze. You should hear a ratcheting noise as you continue. Once you have completed the crimp, the handle will reset to the open position. To ensure all pins are set, some prefer to double-crimp by repeating this step.

8. Repeat all of the above steps with the other end of the cable. The way you wire the other end (568A or 568B) will depend on whether you're making a straight-through, rollover, or cross-over cable.

9.

3.1.3.3. Expanding the Network

The longer a network is in place and functioning properly, the more your organization will

want to expand its features and services. Initially, you can increase network population by

adding new hosts and expand network services by providing additional shared software.

Several options are available for expanding your network: Setting up a new network and connecting it to the existing network using a machine

functioning as a router, thus creating an internetwork.

Configuring machines in users' homes or in remote office sites and enabling these

machines to connect over telephone lines to your network.

Connecting your network to the Internet, thus enabling users on your network to

retrieve information from other systems throughout the world....etc

During my time at BRALIRWA, we created a new network in the Conference Room and we

expanded it on the existing network using a switch.

Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field . Mis-wired and incomplete network cables could lead to headaches down the road. A simple cable tester can quickly verify that information for you. Should you not have a network cable tester on hand, simply test connectivity pin to pin.

CHAPTER FOUR: GENERAL CONLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 4.1 Introduction

It is in this chapter that I highlight the general conclusion and recommendations suggested of

internship carried out at BRALIRWA GISENYI.

4.2 General Conclusion  

The internship was carried out at BRALIRWA GISENYI in the period of two months. The

internship conducted was an opportunity as it was relevant to what was covered in class, and

even it was an explanation of some of courses which were a bit incomprehensible when

theorized. It was of great importance to have this training though the time was not sufficient

for us to go to all departments to apply everything we covered in class.

BRALIRWA is a regionally and internationally recognized brewer and soft beverage

manufacturer with an expanding portfolio of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Their

vision is to become a world class sustainable beverage producing Company in Rwanda with

high quality brands that satisfy needs and give enjoyment to their consumers, with respect for

their people, Society and environment they live in.

The internship was a key element in my technical writing professional preparation. And this

internship report is a key element in the internship experience. It is through writing this report

that the maturity and professional experience I gained as an intern become fully realized. It is

through this report that I exercised my critical and analytical faculties and demonstrates

newly found skill and identity as a professional communicator.

I cannot hesitate to mention that the internship was thoroughly educative and major

objectives have been achieved because ICT manager, my supervisor has been so good to me

and made it happen.

Thus one can conclude that internship was very important to me and the organization as well

as other researchers in the field of computer skills for it gives a theoretical and   practical

overview of BRALIRWA and gives areas where much effort should be put to improve

performance and achieve efficiency.

4.3. Recommendations.

The practical training I carried out in BRALIRWA in the ICT department was successful,

however, I would like to recommend about the functioning of ICT department in general as

follows:

BRALIRWA should put in place at most two other IT agent to help the existing one

for there are many activities and cannot be covered within one person. This will

reduce the waiting time for some problems to be fixed.

ICT Manager should make sure that new applications and services in the institution

are well understood before their delivery. This will reduce the number of helps

request.

BRALIRWA should organize trainings on hardware and software troubleshooting for

its personnel, this will help for time management, instead of calling the IT manager,

one can solve a simple computer problem himself/herself.

BIBILIOGRAPHY

 

- Bralirwa to List Shares in 2010

- Ashraph Sulaiman, Network Management, course notes, NUR, CS, bacc 3, 2010

- Mazimpaka Olivier, Network Design, course notes, NUR, CS bacc 3, 2010

- A Beginner's   Guide   to   Lotus Notes

- User manual IBM LOTUS NOTES 6.5

- http//:www.wikipedia.org

- http//: www.computerhope.com