My Dog is Broken!

A Presentation by Robert and Lauren

Background Information

Champion Yorkshire Terrior Will not “perform” Erectile Dysfunction

The Process First Messenger

Nitric Oxide Starts signal

transduction in smooth muscle cell

Second messenger cGMP Activates PKG

Cellular response Relaxation Allows blood to

flow, causing erection

The Process (continued)

Arrows from smaller to bigger

The response is being more amplified

Guanylyl Cyclase Receptor that starts

the cell signaling pathway

Converts GTP to cGMP

May be located in plasma membrane or in the cytoplasm

Effects of Ginseng

Produces more nitric oxide This is required to start the process

The more NO produced, the more guanylyl cyclase More cGMP More PKG

Effects of Viagra

Inhibits PDE5 PDE5 breaks down cGMP

cGMP is required to cause relaxation No relaxation, no erection

The Pathway

This diagram helps shows the effects the two chemicals have on the pathway

PKG when activated inhibits the intake of Ca2+ which triggers relaxation

This is done by closing the Ca2+ channel PKG triggers reduction of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm

By exporting Ca2+ and by activating Phospholamban If phospholamban is activated it cannot inhibit the

calcium pumps that pump Ca2+ into the SR PKG also triggers MLCP'tase which turns MLC-P to

MLC which also helps trigger relaxation

The Pathway (continued)

What if both don't work?

Must be another protein that's broken Could be PKG or Phospho-proteins Or anything after cGMP in the response