MX3COFFEE

Peer Reviewed Journal

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Volume 2 January 2014 Peer Reviewed Journal Online ISSN: 2094-957X doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/amtr.v2i1.526

Advancing Medical Technology Research

The Effects of MX3 Plus Food Supplement to the Health Condition

of Select Respondents

BIENVENIDO M. FLORESORCID No.: 0000-0002-6682-8471

[email protected]

DUNHILL H. ABUCAYONJONI P. CAYUMO

NASSIEF H. MACATOTONGMARY CONCEPCION L. PO

ANNA MARIE G. PUPOSCHARMAINE T. SUYAOLiceo de Cagayan University

Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

ABSTRACT

This study determined the effects of MX3 plus food supplement capsule to the health condition of the select respondents in Cagayan de Oro City. Using the descriptive research design, it ascertained the following: (1) the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, occupation, period of taking MX3 plus Food supplement capsule, dosage, and type of disease; (2) the respondents reason in taking MX3 plus Food supplement capsule; (3) the effects of MX3 plus food supplement capsule to the health condition of the respondents. Majority of the respondents belonged to the age range of 40-59; most were females and business employees who were taking the supplement once a day for months; and majority of the respondents have high blood pressure. The respondents disclosed that they have prevented the disease after taking MX3 plus food supplements for months. Hence, it can be concluded that the regular intake of MX3 plus food supplement improved the health condition of the respondents. However, some modifications or activities maybe done to determine the significant difference in the health


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condition of the respondents in Cagayan de Oro City when grouped according to age, gender, occupation, dosage, period of taking MX3, and the type of disease.

Keywords - MX3 plus food supplement, mangosteen, health conditions, effects, Cagayan de Oro City

INTRODUCTION Natural pure xanthone capsules contain a dense volume of the extremely

powerful antioxidant known as a Xanthone. MX3capsule is one of the brilliant inventions that have come out of the world of Garcinia mangostana. It can cure forty four (44) curable diseases, e.g. psoriasis, diabetes, goiter, hypertension, breast mass, sinusitis, asthma among others.

Southeast Asia is the place which is said to be the origin of mangosteen fruit. Due to its immense health benefits it is called the queens of fruits in Asian countries and the food of gods by French Caribbean. A mangosteen tree takes a lot of time to grow and bear fruit. It can reach a height of over 75 feet. Nowadays people have realized the value of this drink which is sold in juice form worldwide. One can buy mangosteen products online which is the easiest way to buy this fruit juice. Juice should be bought after checking its quality and select those brands that have the whole fruit puree. It is however quite difficult to prepare this juice at home as the rind and the fruit has to be crushed and used for best results (Warren, 2007).

The mangosteen has long been recognized in Asia for its medicinal properties. The fruit is mentioned in medical diaries as far as back as the Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368 A.D.-1644 A.D.). Both the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the mangosteen are recognized widely in scientific literature and folklore medicine. In addition, the mangosteen has been shown to function as an immunomodulator, boosting the antiviral and antibacterial functions of the immune system. The mangosteen is also recognized as the greatest natural source of xanthones, a family of powerful antioxidants. In addition to cultivation of fresh mangosteens, several companies have launched production of mangosteen juice, which has a longer shelf-life than fresh mangosteens and is easier to export internationally (Leisure, 1999).

According to Aligui (2009), mangosteen has been known to alleviate gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea and stomatitis or mouth ulcers. The hard rind of the fruit called pericarp has the most medicinal properties which is the xanthones. These are polyphenolic phytochemical compounds which


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have extensive pharmacological properties beneficial to the heart and blood vessels. These include ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries due to cholesterol), hypertension and thrombosis or blockage of the arteries. Xanthones and its derivatives are antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, relax the blood vessels and inhibit platelet aggregation (this helps in preventing a blood vessel blockage). Because of the antioxidant properties of xanthones, it is beneficial in the prevention of tumors or cancer. It also helps in promoting apoptosis or cell suicide which checks the development of cancer. The rind was also reported to have anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.

Moreover, the anti-bacterial properties have been tested on micro-organisms against acne. It was also reported that extracts of the rind inhibits prostaglandins and IgE, indicating that the material can be used as analgesic for dysmennorrhea and arthritis and has an antihistaminic or anti-allergic properties. With these properties, rind decoctions can be useful for face wash to control acne. Mangosteen capsules are available commercially (Aligui, 2006).

XANTIN MX3 plus food supplement is a medicinal food supplement made of 100% Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit in forms of capsule. It has no over dosage because it is a natural food supplement, it has no side effects and no adverse reaction. Scientific research studies and clinical experience with fruits extracts of Mangosteens have caught the attention of medical practitioners in recent years. These scientific studies and practical clinical experience in the medical field, backed by centuries of folk medicine practice, suggest that the natural compounds in Mangosteen may offer support to every system in the body and provide a safe alternative to conventional therapies and treatments (Mx3 pamphlet, 2010).

Made from the highest quality organic raw material available; the actual active ingredient, Xanthone, is mostly found in the rind and seed, and less in the fruit. The whole fruit - rind, seed and fruit were used in this food supplement to provide the full spectrum of Xanthone. There are about 20 different xanthones in the whole fruit. Half of this product is rind, the other half whole fruit. Several compounds in mangosteen appear to be active, particularly xanthones. Some of these xanthones include mangostin, mangostenol, mangostenone A, mangostenone B, trapezifolixanthone, tovophyllin B, alpha- and beta-mangostins, garcinone B, mangostinone, mangostanol, mangosharin, and the flavonoid epicatechin (Sahelian, 2010).

In terms of direct studies on cancer, Moongkarndi, et al. (2011) found that antiproliferative effect of CME (crude methanolic extract) was associated with apoptosis on breast cancer cell line by determinations of morphological changes and


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oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. In addition, CME at various concentrations and incubation times were also found to inhibit ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. These investigations suggested that the methanolic extract from the pericarp (skin) of Garcinia mangostana had strong antiproliferation, potent antioxidation and induction of apoptosis. Thus, it indicates that this substance can show different activities and has potential for cancer chemoprevention which were dose dependent as well as exposure time dependent (Moongkarndi, et al., 2011).

In another study by Chi-kuan et al. (2002) results have shown that one of the xanthone derivatives which could be identified as garcinone E has potent cytotoxic effect on all HCC (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines as well as on other gastric and lung cancer cell lines included in the screen. It is suggested that garcinone E may be potentially useful for the treatment of certain types of cancer (Chi-Kuan, et al. 2002).

Some of the more impressive research on mangosteen involve leukemia. The scientist examined the six xanthones from the pericarps (skin) of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, on the cell growth inhibition of human leukemia cell line HL60. All xanthones displayed growth inhibitory effects. Among them, alpha-mangostin showed complete inhibition at 10 microM through the induction of apoptosis (Matsumoto K, et al., 2003).

As medical technology students, the researchers became interested to conduct this study to widen their knowledge about the benefits of MX3 Supplement capsule and how it helps in curing and preventing certain health conditions of the selected respondents in Cagayan de Oro City. Medical technologists not only deal with the diagnosis of the disease of the patients but also on the wellness of the patients. Therefore, as health care providers, it is their duty to share and apply what they learned in this study for the wellness of the patients and their family, friends and society in order to have a healthy living.

FRAMEWORK

This study is anchored on Health Belief Model (HBM) developed by Rosentock in 1966. The Health Belief was a psychological model for studying and promoting the uptake of service offered by social psychologists. The model was furthered by Becker and colleagues in 1970s and 1980s. Subsequent amendments to the model were made as late as 1988, to accommodate the evolving evidence generated within the health community about the role that knowledge and perceptions play in personal responsibility (Glenz et al, 2002). Originally, the


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model was designed to predict behavioral response to the treatment received by acutely or chronically ill patients, but in more recentyears the model has been used to predict more general health behaviors (Ogden, 2007).

The original Health Belief Model, constructed by Rosenstock (1966), was based on four constructs of the core beliefs of individuals based on their perceptions. These core beliefs are: (1) Perceived susceptibility (an individuals assessment of their risk of getting condition); (2) Perceived severity (an individuals assessment of the seriousness of the condition and its potential consequences); (3) Perceived barriers (an individuals assessment of the influence that facilitates or discouraged adoption of the promoted behavior; and (4) Perceived benefits (n individuals assessment of the positive consequences of adopting the behavior.

A variant of the model include the perceived cost of adhering to prescribe the intervention as one of the core beliefs. Constructs of mediating factors were later added to connect the various type of perceptions with the predicted health behavior: demographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, occupation), socio-psychological variables (social economic status, personality, coping strategies), perceived efficacy (an individuals assessment of ability to successfully adopt the desired behavior), cues to action (external influences promoting the desired behavior, may include information provided or sought, reminders by powerful others, persuasive communications, and personal experiences, health motivation, perceived control, and perceived threat.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study determined the effects of MX3 plus food supplement capsule to the health condition of the select respondents in Cagayan de Oro City. It focused on the following: (1) the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, occupation, period of taking MX3 plus Food supplement capsule, dosage, and type of disease; (2) the reason of the respondents in taking MX3 plus Food supplement capsule; (3) the effects of MX3 plus food supplement capsule to the health condition of the selected respondents in Cagayan de Oro City.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Research Design

The descriptive research design was used in this study. This method was deemed appropriate for this study since the study aimed to determine the effects


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of MX3 plus Food Supplement Capsule to the health condition of the select respondents in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines.

Population and Sampling

This study was conducted in Cagayan de Oro City. The respondents of the study were 30 adults who were taking MX3 capsule at the time of the study. Moreover, a purposive sampling was used in the selection of the respondents.

Research Instrument

A researcher-made questionnaire was used in gathering the data among the respondents. They were currently taking MX3 food supplement capsule as a means of medication to minimize or prevent the disease or condition at the time of the study. The first part assessed the respondents profile such as age and gender, occupation and manner of compensation. The second and last part of the questionnaire included the reasons, type of illness, dosage, duration and effects of MX3 plus Food Supplement capsule to the health conditions of the select respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked permission to conduct the study from the Dean of the College of Medical Laboratory Science. Upon approval, the researchers wrote a letter to the purposively selected MX3 user respondents requesting for their consent to participate in the study. An interview was done among 30 respondents in Cagayan de Oro City. The researchers explained to the respondents in vernacular the purpose of the study. The subjects of the study were the purposively selected patients based on their medical records and the effectiveness of food supplement to their health condition. Initial information as age, gender, and occupation, period of taking MX3 plus capsule, dosage, the type of disease and health history were taken and recorded from the respondents. The subject respondents taking the food supplement were asked to answer certain questions from the questionnaire pertaining to the effects of MX3 to the health conditions. The results and findings of this study were the basis on determining and evaluating the effects of MX3 plus food supplement capsule to the health conditions of the selected respondents in Cagayan de Oro City.


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Statistical Techniques

The researchers used the frequency counts and percentage distribution.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. Profile of the respondents in terms of age

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

20-39 6 20

40-59 15 50

60 above 9 30

TOTAL 30 100

Table 1 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of age. As shown in the table, majority of the respondents (50%) were within the age range of 40-59 followed by those within the age of 60 above (30%), while only a few (20%) were within the age bracket of 20-39.

From the data gathered, ages ranges 40-59 belong to middle adulthood, the period of age beyondyoung adulthoodbut before the onset ofold age. It can be said that most of the respondents from the age bracket of 40-59 are more engaged on heavy work and usually physically and emotionally ill. They become prone to sickness and acquiring diseases due to the fact that as they age, their health becomes weak and at risk in developing stress and might as well affect their status in life. Most of the respondents at this age tend to take supplements because they believed that it can slow their ageing process and delay the onset of diseases. They said that when they take MX3 plus they feel like they were at their 20s, less likely prone to sickness with regards to healthy lifestyle.

However, according to the study conducted by Shepard (1998), middle-aged adults often show visible signs ofagingsuch asloss of skin elasticityandgreying of the hair.Physical fitnessusually wanes, with a 510kg (10-20lb) accumulation of body fat, reduction in aerobic performance and a decrease in maximal heart rate. Strength and flexibility also decrease throughout middle age. However, people age at different rates and there can be significant differences between individuals of the same age.

Indeveloped countries, yearlymortalitybegins to increase more noticeably from age 40 onwards, mainly due to age-related health problems such asheart


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diseaseandcancer.However, the majority of middle-age people in industrialized nations can expect to live intoold age.Life expectancyindeveloping countriesis much lower and the risk of death at all ages is higher.

Although late adulthood requires a lot more attention in terms on health problems compared to middle adulthood, they are less likely engaged on the demands of the society because it is the time where they retired and needed rest and becomes totally dependent to the society. Therefore there are increased demands of dietary supplements to respondents age ranges 40-59.

Table 2. Profile of the respondents in terms of gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Female 19 63.33

Male 11 36.67

TOTAL 30 100

Table 2 presents the distribution of respondents according to their gender. As shown on the table, majority (63.33%) of the respondents were females and 36.67% of respondents were males. It shows that the females have more participation in the survey which signifies that they are more active and more responsible of their health especially in having medical checkups regularly. They attend seminars about health medications to get rid of certain diseases for them to stay young and healthy, and most importantly take commercialized dietary supplements. Basically, women are more likely to report fair or poor health than men. While rates of chronic conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure are similar to men, women are twice as likely to suffer from headaches and are more likely to experience joint, back or neck pain. These chronic conditions often require regular and frequent treatment and follow-up care. MX3 plus supplements are known for preventing and minimizing these chronic conditions.

Table 3 shows the distribution of the respondents by types of work. As shown, the majority of the respondents (33%) were business employees followed by housewives (20%) and a few were farmers (6.67%). Based on research, majority of the respondents who works as business employee has desk-job related health problems. These conditions are associated usually with mild or severe stroke, heart problems like hypertension and heart attack, back pain, joint problems and even stressful situations. People who are less likely involve in exercising and moving activities are at risk to these certain conditions and often needs medical


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assistance. A daily supplements to their body helps people get all the nutrients they need to overcome stress and health related problems at work (Chang, 2010).

Table 3. Distribution of the respondents by occupation

OCCUPATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Business employee 10 33.33

Educator 3 10

Farmer 2 6.67

Nurse 5 16.67

Self-employed 4 13.33

Housewife 6 20

TOTAL 30 100

The results of the study revealed that the business employees are the target market of MX3 since they can afford to buy MX3 products. Aside from having the buying power, private employees are also exposed to the daily works in the city and they dont have enough time to make their own herbal teas that is why MX3 as a dietary supplementis the most widely used method to prevent or even help minimize the disease or condition especially in the Philippines. In the Philippine market, many herbal supplements have been out and have been featured on television ads and on radio and one of those is the MX3 product. Many have doubt their efficacy. Many stipulate that it has positive effects on them and have experienced better health.

One possible reason that they take MX3 plus capsule is because as compared to other food supplements, it has many benefits as advertised.

On the other hand the findings of the study show that the farmers got the less percentage of respondents who take the MX3 product. It might be because farmers are not exposed television because unlike those living in the city who are very much aware of the new and trend because of advertisements. Hence, farmers also earn less for a living, that only few farmers can afford to buy the product.

Table 4 presents the distribution of the respondents by period of taking MX3 Plus capsule. As shown, 16 respondents which accounts to 50%, take MX3 for months, while 11 respondents (35.48%) have been taking it for years, and four of them (12.90%) were taking it for a few weeks only. The respondents might have experienced positive results in taking the food supplement that is why most of them have been taking it for a longer time.


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Table 4. Distribution of the respondents by period of taking mx3 plus capsule

PERIOD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Weeks 4 13.33

Months 15 50

Years 11 36.67

Total 30 100

According to Sahelian (2008), until human trials are done, it is difficult to make any recommendations regarding the health benefits of Mangosteen. There are no exact recommendations on how it work well when taken as a supplement or what is its ideal dosage, how often should capsules be taken and for how long. Until now, there are no cases that have been reported regarding its side effects when taken for several months or years and this study is still undergoing rigorous research. However, some of the in vitro studies regarding its anti-cancer potential are intriguing and certainly worthwhile to further explore. Several compounds found in the fruit may have potential health benefits in humans. However, until actual research human studies are done, it is difficult to know for certain what role mangosteen or supplements play in health and disease. Based on their findings, many have taken four mangosteen capsules daily for one week and did not experience any side effects. Adverse reactions to use of mangosteen pills for several months or years are not known. For this reason, they suggest to take a few days off each month (Sahelian, 2006).

Table 5 shows the distribution dosage of MX3. As shown, the majority (46.67%) of the respondents take only one tablet of MX3 Plus capsule per day, twelve (40%) take only two tablets per day, and four (13.33%) take 3 tablets per day. The data revealed that most of the respondents take MX3 plus capsule 1-2 capsules daily. However, the recommended dosage of MX3 plus capsule based on its label is 1 capsule once a day before meals with plenty of water for prevention of the disease.


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Table 5. Distribution of the respondents by dosage

DOSAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1/day 14 46.672/day 12 40.003/day 4 13.33Total 30 100

Since dietary supplements and foods do not need FDA approval, studies to find the safest and most effective dosages for dietary supplements or foods are rarely performed. Without such studies, only vague trial and error information is typically available. As cited by Monson (2009), even if good dosing information were available, there may be significant variability of the content, purity, and strength among different brands of the same dietary supplement, making consistently safe and effective dosing difficult. There is no good information available on the safest and most effective dose for mangosteen. Because there is no quality information about mangosteen dosing, it is reasonable to follow the dosing instructions provided on the label of the particular product (Monson, 2009).

Table 6. Distribution of the respondents by type of disease

SICKNESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Asthma 2 6.66

Breast cancer 3 10

Diabetes 4 13.34

Heart disease 6 20

Hypertension 8 26.68

Insomnia 3 10

Nervousness 3 10

Skin allergy 1 3.33

Total 30 100

Table 6 shows the distribution of respondents according to the types of sickness. As presented in the table, most (26.68%) of the respondents who take MX3 have hypertension followed by 26% of the respondents having heart disease


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and only rare cases on skin allergy and asthma. The data imply that majority of the respondents are suffering from high blood pressure and heart disease.

Hypertension (elevated blood pressure) is one of the leading causes of arteriosclerosis. Dangerous plaques form and narrow the passageways of the arteries, increasing the risk for heart attack or stroke. Mangosteen has proven effective, especially in those with normal body weight, to lower blood pressure and prevent the onset of pulmonary hypertension. Heart disease and arteriosclerosis occur when the elasticity of vessels surrounding the heart is lost. Mangosteen helps to fortify this system of vessels through its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. When these vessels are healthy and strong, the risk of heart disease decreases (Thomas, 2008).

Table 7. Distribution of respondents by source of information

SOURCE OF INFORMATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

TV ads 20 66.67

Recommendation from friends 10 33.33

TOTAL 30 100

Table 9 shows the distribution of respondents by the source of information which encouraged them to take MX3. Majority of the respondents, 20 (66.67%), got the information from television advertisements; 10 of them (33.33%) got it from friends recommendation. The data suggest that most of the respondents were influenced to take MX3 because of what they saw and heard from advertisements. This could have been attributed to the fact that the company promotes their product through the testimonies of those who have been using MX3 and how it helped them recover from their diseases.

Studies have been conducted, and results of these tests and surveys show that advertising greatly affected the TV viewers. TV advertisements affect consumer behaviour by pushing them to buy the specific product through frequent advertisements, to change consumer attitude toward certain food products, and to increase the demand for it (Ashaduzzaman, 2011).

In New York, ninety-two percent of consumers around the world say they trust earned media, such as word-of-mouth and recommendations from friends and family, above all other forms of advertisingan increase of 18 percent since 2007. Television advertising will remain a primary way marketers connect with audiences due to its unmatched reach compared to other media, consumers


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around the world continue to see recommendations from friends and online consumer opinions as by far the most credible. As a result, successful brand advertisers will seek ways to better connect with consumers and leverage their goodwill in the form of consumer feedback and experiences (Grimes, 2012).

Table 8. Distribution of the respondents reasons for taking mx3 plus capsule

REASON FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Prevention of disease 16 53.33

Minimize the disease 8 26.67

Meet dietary needs 6 20

TOTAL 30 100

Table 8 shows the respondents reasons for taking MX3 Plus capsule. As shown, 16 (53.33%) of the respondents indicated that one of the main reason why they take MX3 is to prevent diseases. In addition, 15 (50%) of them take MX3 Plus capsule to minimize the disease and 6 (20%) who take only just to meet their daily dietary needs. The findings reveal that most of respondents take MX3 Plus capsule to prevent and protect their body against diseases. This serves as their daily supplement.

Preventive supplement strategies are typically described as taking place at the primary prevention level. The term primal prevention has been used to describe all measures taken to ensure fetal well-being and prevent any long-term health consequences from gestational history and/or disease.

For dietary needs, a person can also consume supplements to get their daily intake of nutrients, although foods can give nutrients but it may be hard to a person to make it complete daily. A person who lacks nutrition may lose the physical and mental strength. For instance, in the kitchen, this can mean forgetting to eat or not having the strength to lift heavy pots and plates for cooking. According to the Harvard School of Public Health, a daily multivitamin, and maybe an extra vitamin supplement, is a great way to make sure ones getting all the nutrients he needs to be healthy (Makama, 2012).


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Table 9. Respondents responses on whether taking MX3 has improved their health conditions

RESPONSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 30 100

TOTAL 30 100

Table 9 presents the respondents responses on whether taking MX3 capsules has improved their health. All of the respondents affirmed that they have noticed improvements in their health conditions while taking it as a food supplement.

Table 10. Effects of mx3 plus capsule to the health condition of the respondents

HEALTH EFFECTS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Meet the dietary needs 5 16.67

Have prevented the disease 15 50

Lessen/minimize the disease 10 33.33

TOTAL 30 100

Table 10 presents the effects of MX3 Plus capsule to the health condition of the respondents. All respondents (100%) claimed that they have noticed the effects of MX3 Plus capsule to their health condition. Majority of them, 15 (50%), revealed that while taking the supplement, a disease was prevented. While 10 (33.33%) claimed that they have lessen or minimized the disease, 5 (16.67%) of the respondents have met their daily dietary needs.

The results suggest that most of the respondents were using MX3 for disease prevention and not merely to treat diseases to protect themselves from acquiring the disease and to have a healthy lifestyle.

CONCLUSION

From the findings of the study, it can be concluded that MX3 Plus food supplement capsule has been perceived effective in improving the health condition of the select respondents in Cagayan de Oro City as they have noticed improvements to their health. However, there are some other factors that might affect the effectiveness of the supplement. Getting a healthy diet and exercise


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must be considered to live a healthy lifestyle. MX3 plus capsule only serves as a nutritional supplement to supply the right nutrition that a body needs to become healthy.

MX3 plus capsule does not claim its efficacy of treating a type of illness or disease but plays an important role in getting the daily dietary needs that a person should gain to prevent and minimize the disease or health condition of the respondents. However, many manufacturers claimed its efficacy as a treatment and prevention. This study has been very useful to the respondents to show its efficacy as a dietary supplement. The survey findings indicate that although the respondents believed that healthy eating habits are important, sometimes knowledge and good intentions do not add up to making better choices and changing behaviour. However, taking MX3 plus Food supplement is a big help to them in maintaining their healthy lifestyle.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings of the study, the following are recommended:

1. The respondents should have proper consultation or drug prescription from their doctor before taking MX3 plus food supplement.

2. The respondents should monitor their health by having a monthly check up with their doctor or attending physician.

3. MX3 Plus capsule has no over dosage because it is a natural food supplement, it has no side effects and no adverse reaction so it is safe to take it as recommended.

LITERATURE CITED

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iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/download/263/148

Chi-Kuan, Yu-Ling Huang, Chieh-Chih Chen2002 Garcinone E, a Xanthone Derivative, has Potent Cytotoxic Effect

Against Hepatocellular Carcinome Cell Lines. Retrieved from: http://www.tomwick.com/images/StomachLungLiverCancerStudy.pdf


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Grimes, M. 2012 Nielsen: Global Consumers Trust in Earned Advertising Grows in

Importance. Retrieved April 10, 2012, from http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/press-room/2012/nielsen-global-consumers-trust-in-earned-advertising-grows.html

Leisure, Susan2008 What Is mangosteen fruit? Retrieved from: http://www.mylot.com/w/

discussions/2109208.aspx Makama, Funom. Preventive medicine and its great significance to our life expectancy. Dr. Funom Makama.com articles page. Retrieved August 31, 2012, from http://drfunommakama.com/articles/?p=521

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