mvi ms‡¶c gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b...
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Empowered lives. Resilient nations. mvi ms‡¶c gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013 `w¶‡Yi DÌvbt ˆewPΨgq we‡k¦ gvbe AMÖMwZ
Transcript of mvi ms‡¶c gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b...
Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
mvi ms‡¶c
gvbe DbœqbcÖwZ‡e`b 2013`w¶‡Yi DÌvbtˆewPΨgq we‡k¦ gvbe AMÖMwZ
MÖš’¯^Z¡ © 2013
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evsjv ms¯‹iY msµvšÍ †hvMv‡hvM: gvnZve nvq`vi ([email protected])
http://hdr.undp.org
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013 Uxg
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mvi ms‡¶c
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013
`w¶‡Yi DÌvbtˆewPΨgq we‡k¦ gvbe AMÖMwZ
Ò`w¶‡Yi DÌvbt ˆewPΨgq we‡k¦ gvbe AMÖMwZÓ kxl©K 2013-i gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`‡b D™¢~Z bvbv welq I cÖeYZv Ges GKBmv‡_ Dbœqb †cÖ¶vc‡Ui iƒc cwiMÖn‡Y bZyb A¨vKUi‡`i f~wgKv g~j¨vqb K‡i Avgv‡`i GB mg‡qi weKvkgvb f~ivRbxwZi w`‡K „wó ‡`qv n‡q‡Q|
GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU‡Z †`Lv hv‡”Q †h GKwU weivU msL¨K Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki †h PgKcÖ` iƒcvšÍi N‡U‡Q, Zv‡`i A_©bxwZ AwaKZi mwµq I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv ivR‰bwZKfv‡e AwaKZi cÖfvekvjx n‡q‡Q, Zv gvbe Dbœq‡bi AMÖMwZ‡Z j¶¨Yxq cÖfve ‡dj‡Q|
cÖwZ‡e`‡b j¶¨ Kiv hvq †h gvbe-Dbœqb m~P‡Ki wn‡m‡e MZ GK `k‡K me †`kB wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Av‡qi gvÎvi †¶‡Î AR©b GZUvB Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q †h †hKqwU †`‡ki Z_¨-DcvË cvIqv †M‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ggb ‡Kvb †`k †bB hvi gvbe Dbœqb m~PK 2000 mv‡ji Zyjbvq 2012 mv‡j `ye©j wQj| †`Lv hvq †h, †hme †`‡k gvbe Dbœqb m~PK ye©j wQj †mme †`k H m~P‡Ki wePv‡i `ªæZ AMÖMwZ jvf K‡i‡Q; Ges ewk¦K ch©v‡q gvbe Dbœqb m~P‡Ki mg‡Kw›`ªKZv cwijwÿZ n‡jI AšÍt Ges AvšÍt AvÂwjK AmgZv wQj jÿ¨Yxq |
1990 †_‡K 2012 mgqKv‡j †hme †`k gvbe Dbœqb m~P‡Ki gvb Avq I Avq-ewnf©~Z Dfq †ÿ‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e evov‡Z †c‡i‡Q, Zv‡`i w`‡K we‡klfv‡e bRi w`‡q GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b †mBme †KŠkj g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv †`k¸‡jvi K…wZZ¡ AR©‡b mnvqK wQj| Gw`K ‡_‡K 2013 Gi c Ö wZ‡e`bwU Db œqb i ƒcvš Í ‡ii m y wb w` ©ó PvwjKvkw³¸‡jv‡K wee…Z Kiv Ges jä AR©b‡K †UKmB Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb AMÖvwaKvi‡hvM¨ fwel¨r bxwZi cÖ¯Íve Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g Dbœqb wPšÍvq A_©c~Y© Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Q|
GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Rb¨ ‰Zix Kiv AvbygvwbK wn‡me Abyhvqx 2020 mvj bvMv` eªvwRj, Pxb Ges fviZ - GB wZbwU †bZ…¯’vbxq Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki †gvU Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i cwigvY KvbvWv, d«vÝ, Rvg©vbx, BZvjx, hy³ivR¨ Ges hy³iv‡ó«i mgwóMZ
Drcv`b‡K Qvwo‡q hv‡e| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b Av‡iv †`Lv hv‡e †h w¶‡Yi †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ bZyb evwYR¨ Avi cÖhyw³i Askx`vwiZ¡B GB cÖmvi‡Yi g~j PvwjKvkw³|
c~e©eZ©x eQ‡ii cÖwZ‡e`b¸wji gZ G eQ‡ii gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`‡bi GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq evZ©v n‡jv †h †Kej A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× gvbe Dbœq‡bi AMÖMwZ wbwðZ K‡ibv| `wi`ªevÜe bxwZ Ges RbM‡Yi mÿgZv, we‡kl K‡i wkÿv cywó I ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Kg©ms¯’vb †hvM¨ `ÿZv m„wó‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g e¨vcK wfwËK ‡kvfb Kg©ms¯’vb I †UKmB Dbœqb wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e|
Dbœqb-AMÖhvÎv †UKmB Kivi Rb¨ 2013 Gi cÖwZ‡e`bwU PviwU wbw`©ó welq kbv³ K‡i‡Q: wj½ mgZvi wbðqZvmn b¨vh¨Zvi m¤cÖmviY, ZiæYmgvR Z_v mKj bvMwi‡Ki AwfgZ cÖKvk I AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKZi my‡hvM wbwðZ Kiv, cwi‡e‡ki P¨v‡jÄ ‡gvKvwejv Kiv; Ges RbwgwZK cwieZ©b mvgjv‡bv|
GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b Av‡iv †`Lv hvq †h ˆewk¦K Dbœq‡bi P¨v‡jĸwji cÖK…wZ µ‡gB RwUj Avi AvšÍt‡`kxq iƒc wb‡”Q| Avi ZvB Avgv‡`i hy‡Mi me‡P‡q Riæix P¨v‡jĸwji ‡¶‡Î - Zv †m `vwi`«¨ we‡gvPb, Rjevqy cwieZ©b ev kvwšÍ I wbivcËv †hUvB †nvK bv †Kb - mgwš^Z c`‡¶c AZ¨vek¨K| evwYR¨, Awfevmb Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i Kvi‡Y †`k¸wji cvi¯úwiK mshyw³ G‡ZvUvB e„w× †c‡q‡Q ‡h GKwU †`‡ki bxwZ Ab¨‡`‡ki Dci †h D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i Zv AvR me©Rbwew`Z| G welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó nq hLb †`Lv hvq †h mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j wecyj msL¨K gvby‡li Rxe‡b ÿwZKi cÖfv‡ei Rb¨ `vqx Lv`¨, A_©bxwZ, ev RjevqyRwbZ msKU| Gme Kvi‡Y msÿzä Avi wech©‡q AvµvšÍ gvby‡li AmnvqZ¡ cÖkg‡bi iæZ¡I ZvB úó n‡q I‡V|
`w¶‡Yi Ávb-fvÛvi, `¶Zv Ges Dbœqb-wPšÍv Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b bZyb ms¯’vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q hv `w¶Y-`w¶Y mn‡hvwMZv Ges AvÂwjK GKv½xKiY-cÖwµqv mnR
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013
gyLeÜ
mvi ms‡¶c
K‡i Zyj‡Z cv‡i| BZg‡a¨B Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i weKvkgvb kw³¸‡jv mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK bxwZi †¶‡Î beavivi Drm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ Avi µgea©gvbiƒ‡c Zviv Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqbkxj ‡`‡ki Dbœqb mn‡hvwMZvi Askx`viI e‡U|
`w¶‡Yi Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK †`kB MwZkxj Dbœqb
cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i AwfÁZv Avi `w¶Y-`w¶Y
mn‡hvwMZv Db œqb-bxwZi Rb¨ mgfv‡e
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wn‡m‡e Ges miKvi, mykxj mgvR I eûRvwZK
†Kv¤úvbx¸wji ga¨Kvi Askx`vwi‡Z¡i AwfÁZv
wewbg‡qi Rb¨ AvnŸvqK wn‡m‡e BDGbwWwc
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wewbg‡q Ges G msµvšÍ mÿgZv m„wó‡ZI Avgv‡`i
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GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b b¨vh¨ I Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e GKwU mgZvwfwËK wek¦ e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ ˆewk¦K kvmb cÖwµqvq RwoZ ms¯’v¸wji cÖwZ we‡kølYvZ¥K `„wó †`Iqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ‡e`bwU ms¯’v ¸‡jvi KvVv‡gv‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q hv bZzb A_©‰bwZK I f~ivR‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L †m‡K‡j| GB
cÖwZ‡e`bwU Askx`vwi‡Z¡i †ÿ‡Î bZyb hy‡Mi Dc‡hvMx weKí Dcvq¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡i‡Q| AwaKZi ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi K_vI GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU D‡jøL K‡i‡Q Ges Gi mg_©‡b ˆewk¦K mykxj mgv‡Ri f~wgKvi Dci ¸iæZ¡-Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q| GQvov ˆewk¦K P¨v‡j‡Äi Kvi‡Y mivmwifv‡e ¶wZM͇֯`i wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y AwaKZi ¶gZv wbwðZKi‡Yi K_vI cÖwZ‡e`bwU‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q - †ekxifvM‡¶‡Î GB ¶wZMÖ¯ÍivB we‡k¦i me©v‡c¶v wi`ª Ges Amnvq gvbyl|
2015 DËi ˆewk¦K Dbœqb cÖm½ wb‡q hLb wek¦ Ry‡o Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Q, Avgvi Avkv A‡b‡KB ZLb GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU mgq wb‡q co‡eb, Ges cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i Rb¨ Gi cÖ¯Íve ¸wj‡K we‡ePbvq Avb‡eb| GB cÖwZ‡e`bwU ˆewk¦K Dbœq‡bi eZ©gvb aviYvmg~n‡K bZzb Av‡jv‡K mvg‡b G‡b †`Lvq †h `wÿ‡Yi eû‡`‡ki `ªæZMvgx Dbœqb AwfÁZv †_‡K KZ wKQzB bv †kLvi Av‡Q|
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1. gvbe Dbœqb m~PK Ges Gi Dcv`vbmg~n
2. gvbe Dbœqb m~PK cÖeYZv, 1980-2012
3. AmgZv wbqwš¿Z gvbe Dbœqb m~PK
4. wj½ ˆelg¨ m~PK
5. eûgvwÎK `vwi`ª¨ m~PK
6. m¤ú‡`i Dci AwaKvi
7. ¯^v¯’¨
8. wkÿv
9. mvgvwRK msnwZ
10. AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡R¨ cY¨ I †mevi cÖevn
11. AvšÍR©vwZK cuywRi cÖevn I Awfevmb
12. D™¢veb I cÖhyw³
13. cwi‡ek
14. RbmsL¨vi cÖeYZv
AÂjmg~n
cwimsL¨vb wbN©›U
cÖv‡qvwMK ms‡hvRb: cÖ‡ÿcb cÖwµqvi e¨vL¨v I UxKv
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`w¶‡Yi 40wUi †ewk †`k 1990 †_‡K 2012 mgqKv‡ji g‡a¨ gvbe Dbœqb m~PK (GBPwWAvB) Abyhvqx e¨vcK AMÖMwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q/D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i GwM‡q‡Q| GwU 1990 mv‡ji GBPwWAvB- Gi Av‡jv‡K †h c~e©vfvm Kiv n‡qwQj, Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk|
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mvi ms‡¶c
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013 : mvi ms‡¶c2008-2009 mgqKv‡j hLb Avw_©K msK‡Ui g‡a¨ c‡o DbœZ A_©bxwZi †`k¸‡jvi cÖe„w× _g‡K hvq, ZLb Dbœqbkxj A_©bxwZi †`k¸‡jvi AMÖMwZ mviv we‡k¦i bRi Kv‡o| ewk¦K cybtfvimvg¨ Avbq‡bi Rb¨ w¶‡Yi GB DÌvb A‡bK Av‡MB nIqvi K_v wQj| Z‡e Avw_©K msK‡Ui mgqKvj †_‡K GB welqwU wb‡q †Rv‡i‡kv‡i Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nq| Aek¨ GB Av‡jvPbv eo K‡qKwU †`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi (wRwWwc) cÖe„w× I evwYR¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Yi g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K| A_P cy‡iv welqwUi gvÎv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Zvi †P‡q A‡bK e¨vcK, †hLv‡b A‡bK¸‡jv †`k RwoZ, RwoZ wewfbœ wel‡qi mswgkÖY Ges MfxiZi AšÍtcÖevn - hvi my`~icÖmvix cÖfve i‡q‡Q gvby‡li RxebhvÎvq, ’vbxq I ewk¦K ch©v‡q mvgvwRK mvg¨ cÖwZôvq Ges MYZvwš¿K mykvm‡b| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bB †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h w¶‡Yi Z_v Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi DÌvb Avm‡j gvbe Dbœq‡b µgvMZ wewb‡qvM I AR©‡biB dj Ges mgMÖ we‡k¦i e„nËi gvbe AMÖMwZi my‡hvMI e‡U| GB AMÖMwZ‡K m¤¢e Kievi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb ewk¦K I RvZxq ch©v‡q m‡PZb I Av‡jvwKZ bxwZcÖYqb| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b †h we‡kølY Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q Zv bxwZcÖYq‡bi Kv‡R mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i|
`w¶‡Yi DÌvbMwZ I cwigv‡Yi w`K †_‡K Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i
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hw`I †ewkifvM Dbœqbkxj †`k †ek fvj AMÖMwZ K‡i‡Q, mywbw`©ófv‡e eo K‡qKwU †`k we‡klfv‡e fvj AMÖMwZ K‡i‡Q hv‡K ejv n‡”Q Ô`w¶‡Yi DÌvb|Õ K‡qKwU †`‡ki AMÖMwZ ‡ek `ªæZ| G¸‡jv n‡jv: Pxb, fviZ, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, †gw·‡Kv, `w¶Y Avwd«Kv I Zzi¯‹| wKš‘ evsjv‡`k, wPwj, Nvbv, gwikvm, iæqvÛv, _vBj¨vÛ I wZDwbwmqvi g‡Zv †QvU A_©bxwZi †`k¸‡jvI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q (wPÎ-1)|
2013 mv‡ji gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`‡b `w¶‡Yi DÌvb I gvbe Dbœq‡b Gi Zvrc‡h©i Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi eo eo c`‡¶c¸‡jvi Kvi‡Y cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i K_vI Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b AwR©Z AMÖMwZ, wewfbœ P¨v‡jÄ (hvi A‡bK¸‡jv AMÖMwZi mvd‡j¨i Kvi‡Y m„ó) Ges cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK ewk¦K I AvÂwjK mykvm‡bi Rb¨ mvg‡b †h my‡hvM Zv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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60
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20
10
0
60
50
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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005
‰el‡g¨i Kvi‡Y †jvKmvb (%)‰el‡g¨i Kvi‡Y †jvKmvb (%)‰el‡g¨i Kvi‡Y †jvKmvb (%)
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60
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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2011
UxKv: 1980 mv‡j DËi ej‡Z A‡÷ªwjqv, KvbvWv, Rvcvb, wbDwRj¨vÛ, gvwK©b hy³ivóª I cwðg BD‡ivc‡K †evSvb n‡q‡Q|m~Î: BDGbGmwW-i (2012) wfwˇZ GBPwWAviI-i wn‡me|
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bZzb hy‡M Askx`vwiZ¡ I mykvmb
AwaKZi ¶gZv w`‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi Revew`wnZvi cwiwa
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G‡Zv me wKQyi g‡a¨ miKvi¸‡jv Aek¨ RvZxq mve©‡fŠgZ¡ i¶vi wel‡q DwØMœ| RvZxq mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i wel‡q AwZ K‡Vvi nIqvi cwiYwZ †kl ch©šÍ Ggb n‡Z cv‡i hv Kviæi Rb¨B mydj e‡q Avb‡ebv| eis `vwqZ¡kxj mve©‡fŠgZ¡ n‡Z cv‡i AwaKZi fvj †KŠkj †hLv‡b †`k¸‡jv b¨vh¨, wewawfwËK I Revew`wng~jK AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡Z cv‡i, hv wK bv Avevi ˆewk¦K Kj¨vY evov‡e| ivóª Zvi bvMwi‡Ki gvbe AwaKv‡ii wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡e, †Kbbv Zv `vwqZ¡kxj mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i g‡a¨B c‡o| GB gZev` Abymv‡i, mve©‡fŠgZ¡‡K ïay AwaKvi wn‡m‡e bq, eis vwqZ¡kxjZv wn‡m‡eI †`Lv nq|
cwieZ©bkxj GB wek¦ Rbc‡Y¨i (public
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pluralism) wbwðZ Kivi P¨v‡jÄwU i‡q hv‡”Q †hb AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôvb¸‡jv cvi¯úwiK mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AvšÍR©vwZK kvmbg~jK cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K ïay m`m¨ iv‡óªi Kv‡Q bq, eis ewk¦K bvMwiK mgv‡Ri mvg‡bI Revew`wnZvq Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i| bvMwiK mgv‡Ri msMVb¸‡jv BwZg‡a¨ mnvqZv, FY, gvbevwaKvi, ¯^v¯’¨ I Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †¶‡Î ˆewk¦K ¯^”QZv I wewae×Zv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| bvMwiK mgvR bZzb gva¨g I bZzb †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mn‡hvwMZvI wb‡Z cv‡i| ZviciI bvMwiK
Ab¨vb¨ †`k Ges Ab¨vb¨ Askx`vi‡`i Kv‡Q Av‡iv
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 201312
wKQy AvšÍtmiKvwi cÖwµqv `w¶‡Yi e„nËi
AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g cyó n‡Z cv‡i hv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY Avw_©K, cÖhyw³MZ
I gvbe m¤ú` e‡q Avb‡e
mvi ms‡¶c
mgv‡R msMVb¸‡jv Zv‡`i ˆeaZv I Revew`wnZvi wel‡q cÖ‡kœi gy‡L co‡Z cv‡i Ges AbvKvw¶Z iƒc wb‡Z cv‡i| Gme m‡Ë¡I AvšÍR©vwZK kvmb cÖwµqvi fwel¨r ˆeaZv wbf©i Ki‡e bvMwiK mgvR I m¤cÖ`v‡qi m‡½ Gme cÖwZôv‡bi m¤ú„³ nIqvi †hvM¨Zvi Ici|
gvbe Dbœqb AMÖhvÎv‡K wKfv‡e Drcv`bkxj I †UKmB Kiv hvq, Zv BwZg‡a¨ w¶‡Yi A‡bK †`kB †`wL‡q w`‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zviv GB c‡_i gvÎ LvwbKUv GwM‡q‡Q| AvMvgx eQi¸‡jvi Rb¨ GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b cuvPwU eo Dcmsnvi Uvbv n‡q‡Q:
gvbe Dbœq‡b wewb‡qvM ïay ˆbwZK †cÖw¶‡ZB hyw³hy³ bq, eis wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ I mgvR Kj¨v‡Yi Dbœqb GKwU AwaKZi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK I MwZkxj wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ Acwinvh©| we‡klfv‡e Gme †¶‡Î wewb‡qvM `wi`ª‡`i j¶¨ K‡i Kiv DwPZ †hb Zviv evRvi cÖwµqvq hy³ n‡Z I RxweKvi my‡hvM evov‡Z cv‡i| `vwi`ª¨ Ggb GKai‡Yi AwePvi hv mywbw`©ó Kvh©µg Øviv cÖwZweavb Kiv hvq I Kiv DwPZ|
mybxwZ cÖYq‡bi †¶‡Î ïay e¨w³i m¶gZv bq, eis mvgvwRK m¶gZv e„w×i Ici e¨vcKfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| mvgvwRK cÖwZôvbmg~‡n e¨w³i Kvh©µg Zvi Dbœqb m¤¢vebv evov‡Z ev mxwgZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hme mvgvwRK AvPvi gvby‡li Dbœqb m¤¢vebv‡K mxwgZ K‡i †`q, †mme AvPvi cwieZ©‡b (†hgb, evj¨ weevn ev †hŠZz‡Ki weiæ‡× Ae¯’vb) bxwZ MÖnY Kivi gva¨‡g e¨w³i evowZ my‡hvM Zwi n‡Z cv‡i hv Zv‡K c~Y© m¤¢vebvq †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z mnvqK n‡e|
`w¶‡Y Ges Dˇi Avw_©K gRy` I mve©‡fŠg m¤ú‡`i Af~Zc~e© mÂqb e¨vcKwfwËK AMÖMwZ my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| GB wecyj cwigvY m¤ú‡`i Aí wKQy Ask gvbe Dbœqb I `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b wb‡qvwRZ K‡iB eo mydj cvIqv m¤¢e| GKB mg‡q `w¶Y-`w¶Y wewb‡qvM I evwYR¨ bZzb we‡`wk
Dcmsnvi: bZzb hy‡Mi Askx`v‡iiv
`w¶‡Yi A_©‰bwZK kw³i DÌvb Aek¨B gvbe Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ c~Y© cÖwZkÖæwZi m‡½ mvhyR¨c~Y© n‡Z n‡e
¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jv `w¶‡Yi D`xqgvb †`k¸‡jvi mvdj¨ †_‡K wk¶v wb‡Z I jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i
evRvi bZzbfv‡e m¤cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU AvÂwjK I ˆewk¦K g~j¨ k„•L‡j (value chain) A_©vr cY¨-†mev Drcv`b †_‡K †hvMvb †`Iqv ch©šÍ Kg©Kv‡Ð m¤ú„³ nIqvi gva¨‡g Dbœq‡bi my‡hvMI evwo‡q †`‡e|
`w¶Y-`w¶Y A_©vr Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ‡Rvivj evwYR¨ I wewb‡qvM cY¨ Drcv`b m¶gZv Ab¨vb¨ ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k I AÂj¸‡jvq ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii wfwË m~Pbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| m¤cÖwZ Pxb I fvi‡Zi †hŠ_ wewb‡qvM Ges Avwd«Kvq g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM AwaK m¤cÖmvwiZ A_©‰bwZK kw³i cÖv_wgK ce© wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| AvšÍR©vwZK Drcv`b m¤ú„³Zv †`k¸‡jv‡K AwaKZi m~² Drcv`b c×wZ MÖn‡Yi w`‡K avweZ Ki‡e hv Dbœqb cÖwµqv‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡e|
bZzb bZzb cÖwZôvb I Askx`vwiZ¡ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ávb, AwfÁZv I cÖhyw³ wewbg‡q mnvqK nq| GwU evwYR¨ I wewb‡qvM DrmvwnZKiY Ges `w¶YRy‡o AwfÁZv wewbgq Z¡ivwš^ZKi‡Y bZzb I kw³kvjx cÖwZôvb Movi gva¨‡g n‡Z cv‡i| GKwU c`‡¶c n‡Z cv‡i mvD_ Kwgkb MVb hv `w¶‡Yi ˆewPΨ wKfv‡e msnwZi kw³ n‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q bZzb `„wóf½x cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
`w¶‡Yi DÌvb wek¦g‡Â K_v ejvi †¶‡Î ˆewPΨ wb‡q Avm‡Q| GUv Ggb wKQy cÖwZôvb MV‡bi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i‡Q †hLv‡b mK‡ji cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡e Ges hv GB ˆewPΨ‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g we‡k¦i wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b f~wgKv ivL‡e|
AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ bZyb wb‡`©kbvg~jK bxwZgvjv cÖ‡qvRb †hLv‡b `w¶‡Yi AwfÁZv AšÍf©y³ n‡e| GB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wR-20 †Rv‡Ui DÌvb GKwU iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c| wKš‘ †eªUb DWm BÝwUwUDkbmg~n, RvwZmsN I Ab¨vb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vq `w¶‡Yi †`k¸‡jvi AviI AwaK I mgZvg~jK cÖwZwbwaZ¡ cÖ‡qvRb|
RvZxq I eûRvwZK Dfq ai‡Yi mwµq bvMwiK mgvR I wewfbœ mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb b¨vqcivqY I
bZzb cÖwZôvb I bZzb Askx`vwi AvÂwjK m¤ú„³Zv I `w¶Y-`w¶Y m¤úK©‡K mnRZi Ki‡Z cv‡i
`w¶‡Yi I bvMwiK mgv‡Ri e„nËi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ cÖavb ˆewk¦K P¨v‡jĸ‡jvq AMÖMwZ Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z cv‡i
13
ˆewk¦K Avw_©K gRy‡`i wKQy Ask gvbe Dbœqb I `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b wb‡qvwRZ K‡iB eo mydj cvIqv m¤¢e
b¨vh¨ kvm‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i fvl¨ Qwo‡q w`‡Z MYgva¨g‡K e¨envi Ki‡Q| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi we¯Í…wZ Ges Zv‡`i g~j evZ©v I `vwe¸wj‡K Zz‡j aievi ewa©òz my‡hvM miKvwi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K AwaKZi MYZvwš¿K I AšÍf©yw³g~jK bxwZgvjv MÖn‡Yi P¨v‡jÄ Quy‡o w`‡q‡Q| AviI mvaviYfv‡e ej‡j, GKwU AwaKZi b¨vh¨ I Kg ˆelg¨c~Y© we‡k¦i Rb¨ wewfbœ c‡¶i K_v †kvbv I mve©Rbxb Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb|
GKwU †UKmB we‡k¦ ˆewk¦K mve©Rbxb c‡Y¨i e„nËi †hvMvb cÖ‡qvRb| ˆewk¦K welq¸‡jv GLb evo‡Q I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q DV‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q: Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Awf‡hvRb Ges A_©‰bwZK I Avw_©K Aw¯’wZkxjZv †_‡K mš¿vmev‡`i weiæ‡× jovB I cigvYy wbi¯¿xKiY| G¸‡jvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb ˆewk¦K mvov| ZviciI A‡bK †¶‡ÎB ˆewk¦K mn‡hvwMZv Lye axi Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq wec¾bKfv‡e wØavMÖ¯Í| `w¶‡Yi DÌvb ˆewk¦K mve©Rbxb c‡Y¨i AwaKZi A_©en e¨env‡ii my‡hvM Ges AvR‡Ki A‡bK AvU‡K _vKv wel‡qi Zvjv †Lvjvi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
Ômve©RbxbZvÕ I Ôe¨w³MZZvÕ †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB †Kv‡bv mve©Rbxb c‡Y¨i mnRvZ ewkó¨ bq, eis Zv mvgvwRK MV‡bi Øviv wba©vwiZ| Avi ZvB Zv mgv‡R Kx ai‡Yi bxwZwba©vwiZ n‡”Q Zvi Dc‡iI wbf©ikxj| hLb RvZxq ch©v‡q NvUwZ †`Lv †`q, ZLb RvZxq miKvi mivmwi n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ hLb ˆewk¦K P¨v‡jÄ ‡`Lv †`q, ZLb AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZv cÖ‡qvRb Avi Zv n‡Z cv‡i †Kej A‡bK¸‡jv miKv‡ii †¯^”Qvg~jK c`‡¶‡ci
`w¶‡Yi DÌvb mve©Rbxb c‡Y¨i e„nËi †RvMvb m„wói bZzb my‡hvM Zwi K‡i‡Q
gva¨‡g| wewfbœ iKg P¨v‡jćK mvg‡b †i‡L †KvbUv mve©Rbxb ev MY Avi †KvbUv e¨w³ch©v‡qi, Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb kw³kvjx, wb‡ew`Z e¨w³ I cÖvwZôvwbK †bZ…Z¡|
* * *
GB 2013 mv‡ji gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`‡b mgmvgwqK ˆewk¦K †cÖw¶Z Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z we‡k¦i µgea©gvb AvšÍtms‡hvM cwiPvjbv Kiv Ges †e‡o Pjv ˆewk¦K P¨v‡jÄmg~n †gvKvwejvi Kivi Rb¨ bxwZwba©viK I bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ GKwU c_‡iLvI Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| wKfv‡e we‡k¦i kw³, KÚ I m¤ú‡`i MwZgqZv cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q, G‡Z †m weeiY Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GKzk kZ‡Ki ev¯ÍeZvq GB cwieZ©b †gvKvwejvq cÖ‡qvRbxq bZzb bxwZ I cÖwZôvb wPwý Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h wKfv‡e AwaKZi mgZv, †UKmBKiY I mvgvwRK m¤ú„³Zv gvbe Dbœqb‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvbe Dbœq‡b AMÖMwZi Rb¨ RvZxq I ˆewk¦K Dfq ch©v‡q K‡g©v‡`¨vM cÖ‡qvRb| ewk¦K ch©v‡q cÖ‡qvRb cÖvwZôvwbK ms¯‹vi I D™¢veb †hb ˆewk¦K mve©Rbxb cY¨mg~‡ni (cvewjK W&m) †RvMvb I myi¶v †`Iqv hvq| RvZxq ch©v‡q mvgvwRK b¨vqcivqYZvi Rb¨ ivóªxq cÖwZkÖæwZ cÖ‡qvRb| mevi Rb¨ GKBiKg c`‡¶c- GB cÖ‡qvMwe`¨v bxwZ ev¯Íem¤§Z bq, bq A_©en| †Kbbv, RvZxq cwi‡cÖw¶Z, ms¯‹…wZ I cÖvwZôvwbK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ˆewPΨ Av‡Q| GZ`m‡Ë¡I mvgvwRK mswkøóZv, wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨ I mvgvwRK myi¶vq ivóªxq cÖwZkÖæwZ, Ges evwYR¨ m¤ú„³Zv Db¥y³Ki‡Yi g‡Zv my`~icÖmvix bxwZ¸‡jv †UKmB I mylg gvbe Dbœq‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvIqvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Q|
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 201314
`w¶‡Yi DÌvb ˆewk¦K mve©Rbxb c‡Y¨i AwaKZi
A_©en e¨env‡ii my‡hvM Ges AvR‡Ki A‡bK
AvU‡K _vKv wel‡qi Zvjv †Lvjvi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i
w`‡q‡Q
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AvdMvwb¯Ívb 175
Avj‡ewbqv 70 -1 ¯
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Av‡R©w›Ubv 45 -1 ¯
Avi‡gwbqv 87 -1 ¯
A‡÷ªwjqv 2
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evnvgvm& 49
evnivBb 48
evsjv‡`k 146 1
evi‡e‡WvR 38
†ejviæR 50 1
†ejwRqvg 17
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fzUvb 140 1
ewjwfqv eûRvwZK ivóª 108
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†evU‡mvqvbv 119 -1 ¯
eªvwRj 85
eªæ‡bB `viæm&mvjvg 30
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eyiwKbv dv‡mv 183
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ga¨ Avwd«Kvb wicvewjK 180 -1 ¯
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Pxb 101
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K‡½v 142
K‡½v MYZvwš¿K wicvewjK 186
†Kv÷v wiKv 62
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GKzqv‡Uvwiqvj wMwb 136
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wdbj¨vÛ 21
d«vÝ 20
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Rvg©vwb 5
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wMwb-wemvI 176
Mvqvbv 118 1
nvBwZ 161 1
nÛzivm 120
nsKs, Pxb (we‡kl cÖkvmwbK AÂj) 13 1
nv‡½wi 37
AvBmj¨vÛ 13
fviZ 136
B‡›`v‡bwkqv 121 3
Bivb, BmjvwgK wicvewjK 76 -2 ¯
BivK 131 1
Avqvij¨vÛ 7
BmivBj 16
BZvjx 25
RvgvBKv 85 -2 ¯
Rvcvb 10
RW©vb 100
KvRvL&¯Ívb 69 -1 ¯
†Kwbqv 145
wKwievwZ 121
†Kvwiqv, wicvewjK 12
Kz‡qZ 54 -1 ¯
wKiwM¯Ívb 125
jvIm 138
jvZwfqv 44 1
†jevbb 72
†j‡mv‡_v 158 1
jvB‡ewiqv 174
wjweqv 64 23
wjL‡Ub&÷vBb 24
wj_yqvwbqv 41 2
jy‡·g‡evM© 26
gv`vMv¯‹vi 151
gvjvDwq 170 1
gvjqwkqv 64 1
gvjØxc 104 -1 ¯
gvwj 182 -1 ¯
gvj&Uv 32 1
†gŠwiZvwbqv 155
gwikvm 80 -1 ¯
†gw·‡Kv 61
gvB‡µv‡bwkqv, †dWv‡i‡UW ivóª 117
gj‡Wvfv, wicvewjK 113
g‡½vwjqv 108 2
g‡›Uwb‡MÖv 52 -2 ¯
gi‡°v 130
†gvRvw¤^K 185
gvqvbgvi 149
bvwgweqv 128
†bcvj 157
†b`vij¨vÛm 4
wbD wRj¨vÛ 6
wbKviv¸qv 129
bvB‡Ri 186 1
bvB‡Rwiqv 153 1
2012 †Z GBPwWAvB m~P‡K Ae¯’vb Ges 2011 †_‡K 2012 †Z Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b
UxKv: 2011 †_‡K 2012 †Z G‡KKwU †`‡ki Ae¯’v‡b wK ai‡Yi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q Zv abvZ¥K A_ev FYvZ¥K msL¨vgvb Ges ZxiwP‡ýi gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GB Ae¯’vb wba©vi‡Y GKwU wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ Ges wbf©i‡hvM¨ DcvË e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b †Kvb msL¨vgvb ev wPý †bB, †mB †`‡ki Ae¯’v‡b †Kvb cwieZ©b N‡Uwb|
biI‡q 1
Igvb 84 -1 ¯
cvwK¯Ívb 146
cvjvD 52 2
wdwjw¯Íb 110 1
cvbvgv 59 1
cvcyqv wbD wMwb 156
c¨viv¸‡q 111 -2 ¯
†ciæ 77 -1 ¯
wdwjcvBb 114
†cvj¨vÛ 39
cZ©yMvj 43 -3 ¯
KvZvi 36
iægvwbqv 56 -1 ¯
ivwkqvb †dWv‡ikb 55
iæqvÛv 167
†mB›U wKU&m A¨vÛ †bwfm 72 -1 ¯
†mB›U jywmqv 88
†mB›U wfb‡m›U A¨vÛ `¨ †MÖbvWvBb&m 83 -2 ¯
mv‡gvqv 96
mvI †Uvg A¨vÛ wcÖw݇c 144
†mŠw` Avie 57
†m‡bMvj 154 -2 ¯
mvwe©qv 64
†m‡kj&m 46
wm‡qiv wj‡qvb 177 2
wm½vcyi 18
†¯øvfvwKqv 35
†¯øv‡fwbqv 21
m‡jvgb ØxccyÄ 143
`wÿY Avwd«Kv 121 1
†¯úb 23
kÖxj¼v 92
my`vb 171 -1 ¯
mywibvg 105
†mvqvwRj¨vÛ 141 -1 ¯
myB‡Wb 7
myBURvij¨vÛ 9
wmwiqvb Avie wicvewjK 116
ZvwRwK¯Ívb 125 1
ZvbRvwbqv, BDbvB‡UW wicvwjK 152 1
_vBj¨vÛ 103 1
g¨v‡m‡Wvwbqv, cÖv³b hy‡Mv¯øvf wicvewjK 78 -2 ¯
wZgyi-†j‡÷ 134
†Uv‡Mv 159 1
UsMv 95
wÎwb`v` Ges †Uvev‡Mv 67 -1 ¯
wZDwbwkqv 94
Zzi¯‹ 90
ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb 102
DMvÛv 161
BD‡µb 78
mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ 41 -1 ¯
hy³ivR¨ 26
hy³ivóª 3 -1 ¯
Di渇q 51
DR‡ewK¯Ívb 114 1
fvbyqvUz 124 -2 ¯
†f‡bRy‡qjv, ewj‡fwiqvb wicvewjK 71 -1 ¯
wf‡qZbvg 127
B‡q‡gb 160 -2 ¯
Rvw¤^qv 163
wR¤^vey‡q 172 1
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 201316
AZ¨šÍ DbœZgv‡bi gvbe Dbœqb
1. biI‡q 0.955 0.894 1 0.065 5 ..
2. A‡÷ªwjqv 0.938 0.864 2 0.115 17 ..
3. hy³ivóª 0.937 0.821 16 0.256 42 ..
4. †b`vij¨vÛm 0.921 0.857 4 0.045 1 ..
5. Rvg©vwb 0.920 0.856 5 0.075 6 ..
6. wbD wRj¨vÛ 0.919 .. .. 0.164 31 ..
7. Avqvij¨vÛ 0.916 0.850 6 0.121 19 ..
7. myB‡Wb 0.916 0.859 3 0.055 2 ..
9. myBURvij¨vÛ 0.913 0.849 7 0.057 3 ..
10. Rvcvb 0.912 .. .. 0.131 21 ..
11. KvbvWv 0.911 0.832 13 0.119 18 ..
12. †Kvwiqv, wicvewjK 0.909 0.758 28 0.153 27 ..
13. nsKs, Pxb (we‡kl cÖkvmwbK AÂjª) 0.906 .. .. .. .. ..
13. AvBmj¨vÛ 0.906 0.848 8 0.089 10 ..
15. †WbgvK© 0.901 0.845 9 0.057 3 ..
16. BRivBj 0.900 0.790 21 0.144 25 ..
17. †ejwRqvg 0.897 0.825 15 0.098 12 ..
18. Awֻqv 0.895 0.837 12 0.102 14 ..
18. wm½vcyi 0.895 .. .. 0.101 13 ..
20. d«vÝ 0.893 0.812 18 0.083 9 ..
21. wdbj¨vÛ 0.892 0.839 11 0.075 6 ..
21. †¯øv‡fwbqv 0.892 0.840 10 0.080 8 0.000 2003
23. †¯úb 0.885 0.796 20 0.103 15 ..
24. wjL‡Ub&÷vBb 0.883 .. .. .. .. ..
25. BZvjx 0.881 0.776 24 0.094 11 ..
26. jy‡·g‡evM© 0.875 0.813 17 0.149 26 ..
26. hy³ivR¨ 0.875 0.802 19 0.205 34 ..
28. †PK wicvewjK 0.873 0.826 14 0.122 20 0.010 2002/2003
29. MÖxm 0.860 0.760 27 0.136 23 ..
30. eªæ‡bB `viæm&mvjvg 0.855 .. .. .. .. ..
31. mvBcÖvm 0.848 0.751 29 0.134 22 ..
32. gvjUv 0.847 0.778 23 0.236 39 ..
33. Av‡Ûviv 0.846 .. .. .. .. ..
33. G‡÷vwbqv 0.846 0.770 25 0.158 29 0.026 2003
35. †¯øvfvwKqv 0.840 0.788 22 0.171 32 0.000 2003
36. KvZvi 0.834 .. .. 0.546 117 ..
37. nv‡½wi 0.831 0.769 26 0.256 42 0.016 2003
38. evi‡e‡WvR 0.825 .. .. 0.343 61 ..
39. †cvj¨vÛ 0.821 0.740 30 0.140 24 ..
40. wPwj 0.819 0.664 41 0.360 66 ..
41. wj_yqvwbqv 0.818 0.727 33 0.157 28 ..
41. mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ 0.818 .. .. 0.241 40 0.002 2003
43. cZ©yMvj 0.816 0.729 32 0.114 16 ..
44. jvZwfqv 0.814 0.726 35 0.216 36 0.006 2003
45. Av‡R©w›Ubv 0.811 0.653 43 0.380 71 0.011 2005
46. †m‡kj&m 0.806 .. .. .. .. ..
47. †µv‡qwkqv 0.805 0.683 39 0.179 33 0.016 2003
DbœZ gvbe Dbœqb
48. evnivBb 0.796 .. .. 0.258 45 ..
49. evnvgvm& 0.794 .. .. 0.316 53 ..
50. †ejviæR 0.793 0.727 33 .. .. 0.000 2005
51. Di渇q 0792 0.662 42 0.367 69 0.006 2002/2003
52. g‡›Uwb‡MÖv 0.791 0.733 31 .. .. 0.006 2005/2006
52. cvjvD 0.791 .. .. .. .. ..
54. Kz‡qZ 0.790 .. .. 0.274 47 ..
55. ivwkqvb †dWv‡ikb 0.788 .. .. 0.312 51 0.005 2003
56. iægvwbqv 0.786 0.687 38 0.327 55 ..
57. eyj‡Mwiqv 0.782 0.704 36 0.219 38 ..
57. †mŠw` Avie 0.782 .. .. 0.682 145 ..
59. wKDev 0.780 .. .. 0.356 63 ..
59. cvbvgv 0.780 0.588 57 0.503 108 ..
61. †gw·‡Kv 0.775 0.593 55 0.382 72 0.015 2006
gvbe Dbœqb m~PKmg~n
GBPwWAvB Ae¯’vb g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨
gvbe Dbœqbm~PK
AmgZv-wbqwš¿ZGBPwWAvB
Ae¯’vb Ae¯’vb
wj½ ˆelg¨m~PK
eQi
eûgvwÎK `vwi`ª¨m~PK
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013 17
GBPwWAvB Ae¯’vb g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨
gvbe Dbœqbm~PK
AmgZv-wbqwš¿ZGBPwWAvB
Ae¯’vb Ae¯’vb
wj½ ˆelg¨m~PK
eQi
eûgvwÎK `vwi`ª¨m~PK
62. †Kv÷v wiKv 0.773 0.606 54 0.346 62 ..
63. †MÖbvWv 0.770 .. .. .. .. ..
64. wjweqv 0.769 .. .. 0.216 36 ..
64. gvjqwkqv 0.769 .. .. 0.256 42 ..
64. mvwe©qv 0.769 0.696 37 .. .. 0.003 2005/2006
67. A¨vw›UMv Ges evieyWv 0.760 .. .. .. .. ..
67. wÎwb`v` Ges †Uvev‡Mv 0.760 0.644 49 0.311 50 0.020 2006
69. KvRvL&¯Ívb 0.754 0.652 44 0.312 51 0.002 2006
70. Avj‡ewbqv 0.749 0.645 48 0.251 41 0.005 2008/2009
71. †f‡bRy‡qjv, ewj‡fwiqvb wicvewjK 0.748 0.549 66 0.466 93 ..
72. WwgwbKv 0.745 .. .. .. .. ..
72. RwR©qv 0.745 0.631 51 0.438 81 0.003 2005
72. †jevbb 0.745 0.575 59 0.433 78 ..
72. †mB›U wKU&m A¨vÛ †bwfm 0.745 .. .. .. .. ..
76. Bivb, BmjvwgK wicvewjK 0.742 .. .. 0.496 107 ..
77. †ciæ 0.741 0.561 62 0.387 73 0.066 2008
78. g¨v‡m‡Wvwbqv, cÖv³b hy‡Mv¯øvf wicvewjK 0.740 0.631 51 0.162 30 0.008 2005
78. BD‡µb 0.740 0.672 40 0.338 57 0.008 2007
80. gwikvm 0.737 0.639 50 0.377 70 ..
81. emwbqv Ges nvi‡R‡Mvwfbv 0.735 0.650 45 .. .. 0.003 2006
82. AvRvievBRvb 0.734 0.650 45 0.323 54 0.021 2006
83. †mB›U wfb‡m›U A¨vÛ `¨ †MÖbvWvBb&m 0.733 .. .. .. .. ..
84. Igvb 0.731 .. .. 0.340 59 ..
85. eªvwRj 0.730 0.531 70 0.447 85 0.011 2006
85. RvgvBKv 0.730 0.591 56 0.458 87 ..
87. Avi‡gwbqv 0.729 0.649 47 0.340 59 0.001 2010
88. †mB›U jywmqv 0.725 .. .. .. .. ..
89. GKzqv‡`vi 0.724 0.537 69 0.442 83 0.009 2003
90. Zzi¯‹ 0.722 0.560 63 0.366 68 0.028 2003
91. K‡jvw¤^qv 0.719 0.519 74 0.459 88 0.022 2010
92. kÖxj¼v 0.715 0.607 53 0.402 75 0.021 2003
93. Avj‡Rwiqv 0.713 .. .. 0.391 74 ..
94. wZDwbwkqv 0.712 .. .. 0.261 46 0.010 2003
ga¨ggv‡bi gvbe Dbœqb
95. UsMv 0.710 .. .. 0.462 90 ..
96. †ewjR 0.702 .. .. 0.435 79 0.024 2006
96. WwgwbKvb wicvewjK 0.702 0.510 80 0.508 109 0.018 2007
96. wdwR 0.702 .. .. .. .. ..
96. mv‡gvqv 0.702 .. .. .. .. ..
100. RW©vb 0.700 0.568 60 0.482 99 0.008 2009
101. Pxb 0.699 0.543 67 0.213 35 0.056 2002
102. ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb 0.698 .. .. .. .. ..
103. _vBj¨vÛ 0.690 0.543 67 0.360 66 0.006 2005/2006
104. gvjØxc 0.688 0.515 76 0.357 64 0.018 2009
105. mywibvg 0.684 0.526 72 0.467 94 0.039 2006
106. M¨veb 0.683 0.550 65 0.492 105 ..
107. Gj mvjfv‡`vi 0.680 0.499 83 0.441 82 ..
108. ewjwfqv eûRvwZK ivóª 0.675 0.444 85 0.474 97 0.089 2008
108. g‡½vwjqv 0.675 0.568 60 0.328 56 0.065 2005
110. wdwjw¯Íb 0.670 .. .. .. .. 0.005 2006/2007
111. c¨viv¸‡q 0.669 .. .. 0.472 95 0.064 2002/2003
112. wgki 0.662 0.503 82 0.590 126 0.024 2008
113. gj‡Wvfv, wicvewjK 0.660 0.584 58 0.303 49 0.007 2005
114. wdwjcvBb 0.654 0.524 73 0.418 77 0.064 2008
114. DR‡ewK¯Ívb 0.654 0.551 64 .. .. 0.008 2006
116. wmwiqvb Avie wicvewjK 0.648 0.515 76 0.551 118 0.021 2006
117. gvB‡µv‡bwkqv, †dWv‡i‡UW ivóª 0.645 .. .. .. .. ..
118. Mvqvbv 0.636 0.514 78 0.490 104 0.030 2009
119. †evU‡mvqvbv 0.634 .. .. 0.485 102 ..
120. nÛzivm 0.632 0.458 84 0.483 100 0.159 2005/2006
121. B‡›`v‡bwkqv 0.629 0.514 78 0.494 106 0.095 2007
121. wKwievwZ 0.629 .. .. .. .. ..
121. `wÿY Avwd«Kv 0.629 .. .. 0.462 90 0.057 2008
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 201318
GBPwWAvB Ae¯’vb g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨
gvbe Dbœqbm~PK
AmgZv-wbqwš¿ZGBPwWAvB
Ae¯’vb Ae¯’vb
wj½ ˆelg¨m~PK
eQi
eûgvwÎK `vwi`ª¨m~PK
124. fvbyqvUz 0.626 .. .. .. .. 0.129 2007
125. wKiwM¯Ívb 0.622 0.516 75 0.357 64 0.019 2005/2006
125. ZvwRwK¯Ívb 0.622 0.507 81 0.338 57 0.068 2005
127. wf‡qZbvg 0.617 0.531 70 0.299 48 0.017 2010/2011
128. bvwgweqv 0.608 0.344 101 0.455 86 0.187 2006/2007
129. wbKviv¸qv 0.599 0.434 86 0.461 89 0.128 2006/2007
130. gi‡°v 0.591 0.415 88 0.444 84 0.048 2007
131. BivK 0.590 .. .. 0.557 120 0.059 2006
132. †Kc †fi‡W 0.586 .. .. .. .. ..
133. ¸qv‡Zgvjv 0.581 0.389 92 0.539 114 0.127 2003
134. wZgyi-†j‡÷ 0.576 0.386 93 .. .. 0.360 2009/2010
135. Nvbv 0.558 0.379 94 0.565 121 0.144 2008
136. GKzqv‡Uvwiqvj wMwb 0.554 .. .. .. .. ..
136. fviZ 0.554 0.392 91 0.610 132 0.283 2005/2006
138. K¨v‡¤^vwWqv 0.543 0.402 90 0.473 96 0.212 2010
138. jvIm wccjm †W‡gvµvwUK wicvewjK 0.543 0.409 89 0.483 100 0.267 2006
140. fzUvb 0.538 0.430 87 0.464 92 0.119 2010
141. †mvqvwRj¨vÛ 0.536 0.346 99 0.525 112 0.086 2010
wb¤œgv‡bi gvbe Dbœqb
142. K‡½v 0.534 0.368 96 0.610 132 0.208 2009
143. m‡jvgb ØxccyÄ 0.530 .. .. .. .. ..
144. mvI †Uvg A¨vÛ wcÖw݇c 0.525 0.358 97 .. .. 0.154 2008/2009
145. †Kwbqv 0.519 0.344 101 0.608 130 0.229 2008/2009
146. evsjv‡`k 0.515 0.374 95 0.518 111 0.292 2007
146. cvwK¯Ívb 0.515 0.356 98 0.567 123 0.264 2006/2007
148. A¨v‡½vjv 0.508 0.285 114 .. .. ..
149. gvqvbgvi 0.498 .. .. 0.437 80 ..
150. K¨v‡giæb 0.495 0.330 104 0.628 137 0.287 2004
151. gv`vMv¯‹vi 0.483 0.335 103 .. .. 0.357 2008/2009
152. ZvbRvwbqv, BDbvB‡UW wicvwjK 0.476 0.346 99 0.556 119 0.332 2010
153. bvB‡Rwiqv 0.471 0.276 119 .. .. 0.310 2008
154. †m‡bMvj 0.470 0.315 105 0.540 115 0.439 2010/2011
155. †gŠwiZvwbqv 0.467 0.306 107 0.643 139 0.352 2007
156. cvcyqv wbD wMwb 0.466 .. .. 0.617 134 ..
157. †bcvj 0.463 0.304 109 0.485 102 0.217 2011
158. †j‡mv‡_v 0.461 0.296 111 0.534 113 0.156 2009
159. †Uv‡Mv 0.459 0.305 108 0.566 122 0.284 2006
160. B‡q‡gb 0.458 0.310 106 0.747 148 0.283 2006
161. nvBwZ 0.456 0.273 120 0.592 127 0.299 2005/2006
161. DMvÛv 0.456 0.303 110 0.517 110 0.367 2011
163. Rvw¤^qv 0.448 0.283 117 0.623 136 0.328 2007
164. wReywU 0.445 0.285 114 .. .. 0.139 2006
165. Mvw¤^qv 0.439 .. .. 0.594 128 0.324 2005/2006
166. †ewbb 0.436 0.280 118 0.618 135 0.412 2006
167. iæqvÛv 0.434 0.287 112 0.414 76 0.350 2010
168. AvB‡fvwi †Kv÷ 0.432 0.265 122 0.632 138 0.353 2005
169. K‡gvim 0.429 .. .. .. .. ..
170. gvjvDwq 0.418 0.287 112 0.573 124 0.334 2010
171. my`vb 0.414 .. .. 0.604 129 ..
172. wR¤^vey‡q 0.397 0.284 116 0.544 116 0.172 2010/2011
173. Bw_‡qvwcqv 0.396 0.269 121 .. .. 0.564 2011
174. jvB‡ewiqv 0.388 0.251 123 0.658 143 0.485 2007
175. AvdMvwb¯Ívb 0.374 .. .. 0.712 147 ..
176. wMwb-wemvI 0.364 0.213 127 .. .. ..
177. wm‡qiv wj‡qvb 0.359 0.210 128 0.643 139 0.439 2008
178. eyiæwÛ 0.355 .. .. 0.476 98 0.530 2005
178. wMwb 0.355 0.217 126 .. .. 0.506 2005
180. ga¨ Avwd«Kvb wicvewjK 0.352 0.209 129 0.654 142 ..
181. BwiwÎqv 0.351 .. .. .. .. ..
182. gvwj 0.344 .. .. 0.649 141 0.558 2006
183. eyiwKbv dv‡mv 0.343 0.226 124 0.609 131 0.353 2010
184. P¨vW 0.340 0.203 130 .. .. 0.344 2003
185. †gvRvw¤^K 0.327 0.220 125 0.582 125 0.512 2009
186. K‡½v MYZvwš¿K wicvewjK 0.304 0.183 132 0.681 144 0.392 2010
186. bvB‡Ri 0.304 0.200 131 0.707 146 0.642 2006
gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013 19
Ab¨vb¨ †`k Ges AÂjmg~n
†Kvwiqv, †W‡gvµvwUK wccj&m wicvewjK .. .. .. .. .. ..
gvikvj AvBj¨vÛm .. .. .. .. .. ..
†gvbv‡Kv .. .. .. .. .. ..
bvDiæ .. .. .. .. .. ..
mvb gvwi‡bv .. .. .. .. .. ..
†mvgvwjqv .. .. .. .. .. 0.514 2006
`wÿY my`vb .. .. .. .. .. ..
Zzfvjy .. .. .. .. .. ..
GBPwWAvB MÖæc
AZ¨šÍ DbœZgv‡bi gvbe Dbœqb 0.905 0.807 - 0.193 - -
DbœZgv‡bi gvbe Dbœqb 0.758 0.602 - 0.376 - -
ga¨ggv‡bi gvbe Dbœqb 0.640 0.485 - 0.457 - -
wb¤œgv‡bi gvbe Dbœqb 0.466 0.310 - 0.578 - -
AÂjmg~n
Avie ivóªmg~n 0.652 0.486 - 0.555 - -
c~e© Gwkqv Ges cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMixq †`kmg~n 0.683 0.537 - 0.333 - -
BD‡ivc Ges ga¨ Gwkqv 0.771 0.672 - 0.280 - -
jvwZb Av‡gwiKv Ges K¨vwiweqvb 0.741 0.550 - 0.419 - -
`wÿY Gwkqv 0.558 0.395 - 0.568 - -
mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kv 0.475 0.309 - 0.577 - -
¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmg~n 0.449 0.303 - 0.566 - -
ÿz`ª Øx‡ci Dbœqbkxj ivóªmg~n 0.648 0.459 - 0.481 - -
mgMÖ wek¦ 0.694 0.532 - 0.463 - -
GBPwWAvB Ae¯’vb g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨ g~j¨
gvbe Dbœqbm~PK
AmgZv-wbqwš¿ZGBPwWAvB
Ae¯’vb Ae¯’vb
wj½ ˆelg¨m~PK
eQi
eûgvwÎK `vwi`ª¨m~PK
UxKv:
GB m~PK¸wj wewfbœ eQ‡ii DcvË e¨envi K‡i MwVZ - Dcv‡Ëi m~Î I UxKv mn we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z cwic~Y© cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Statistical annex †`Lyb (cy‡iv cÖwZ‡e`b cv‡eb GLv‡b: http://hdr.undp.org)| †`k¸wj‡K GBPwWAvB †KvqvU©vBj Abyhvqx fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q: 51-75 cv‡m©›UvB‡ji g‡a¨ Avmv †`k¸wj‡K aiv nq me‡P‡q DbœZ gv‡bi GBPwWAvB m¤úbœ, ga¨g gv‡bi †`k¸wj 26-50 cv‡m©›UvB‡ji g‡a¨ c‡o| c~e©eZ©x cÖwZ‡e`‡b P~ovšÍ cÖvšÍmxgv e¨envi bv K‡i Av‡cwÿK cÖvšÍmxgv e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|
ˆewk¦K gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`bmg~n: gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013 BDGbwWwc KZ…©K ˆewk¦K cÖKvwkZ gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b wmwi‡Ri me©‡kl cÖKvkbv| wewfbœ Dbœqb Bmy¨, aviv I bxwZ m¤ú‡K© GB M‡elYvg~jK we‡kølYag©x cÖKvkbvwU 1990 mvj †_‡K ^vaxbfv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q|
gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2013 m¤úwK©Z Acivci Av‡iv Z_¨ hdr.undp.org †_‡K AbjvB‡b cvIqv hv‡e| G‡Z Avi hv hv i‡q‡Q †m¸wj n‡jv: 20wUi AwaK fvlvq cÖKvwkZ GB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi m¤ú~Y© ms¯‹iY A_ev mvims‡¶c; 2013-Gi cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Rb¨ KwgkbK…Z wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U wimvP© †ccvim-Gi GKwU msKjb; B›Uvi¨vKwUf g¨vcm& (wg_w¯Œq gvbwPÎmg~n) Ges RvZxq gvbeDbœqb m~PKmg~‡ni DcvË fvÐvi; cÖwZ‡e`‡bi gvbe Dbœqb m~PKmg~‡n e¨eüZ m~PKmg~‡ni Z_¨m~Î I M‡elYvK‡g©i c×wZ m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© e¨vL¨v; Kvw›Uª †cÖvdvBjm (†`k cwiwPwZ) I Ab¨vb¨ cðv`&-DcKiY| c~e©eZx ewk¦K, AvÂwjK Ges RvZxq gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`bmg~nI hdr.undp.org †_‡K cvIqv hv‡e|
AvÂwjK gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`bmg~n: BDGbwWwcÕi AvÂwjK ey¨‡ivi mnvqZv wb‡q MZ `yÕ`kK a‡i gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b¸wj Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i cÖavb cÖavb GjvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q| GBme AvÂwjK gvbe Dbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b¸wj wPšÍv D‡`&ªKKvix we‡kølY I úó bxwZMZ civgk© w`‡q †h me úk©KvZi Bmy¨mg~n Mfxifv‡e wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i‡Q, †m m‡ei g‡a¨ Av‡Q, Avie ivóªmg~‡ni ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvqb, Avwd«Kvi Lv`¨ wbivcËv, Gwkqvi AvenvIqv cwieZ©b, ga¨ BD‡iv‡c msL¨vjNy RvwZ‡Mvôxmg~‡ni cÖwZ AvPiY, jvwZb Av‡gwiKv I K¨vwiexq Øxccy‡Äi †`kmg~‡n AmgZv I bvMwiK wbivcËvi †¶‡Î we`¨gvb wewfbœ P¨v‡jÄ|
RvZxq gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`bmg~n: 1992 mv‡j RvZxq gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nevi ci †_‡K GLb GB cÖwZ‡e`b¸wj BDGbwWwcÕi ¯’vbxq m¤úv`Kxq ‡ji mnvqZvq 140wU †`‡k cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| GB cÖwZ‡e`b¸wjÑG ch©šÍ hvi msL¨v 700ѯ’vbxq civgk© I M‡elYvi gva¨‡g RvZxq bxwZi †¶‡Î we‡eP¨ gvbe Dbœqb msµvšÍ †cÖ¶vcU¸wj Zz‡j ai‡Q| RvZxq gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`bmg~n bvbvwea gyL¨ Dbœqb Bmy¨‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q, †hgb: AvenvIqv cwieZ©b †_‡K hye m¤cÖ`v‡qi Kg©ms¯’vb, †RÛvi A_ev b„ZvwZ¡K cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y AmgZv BZ¨vw`i gZ welq|
1990 Kb‡mÞ A¨vÛ †gRvi‡g›U Ad wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
1991 dvBb¨vwÝs wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
1992 †Møvevj wW‡gbkb&m Ad wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
1993 wccj&m cvwU©wm‡ckb
1994 wbD wW‡gbkb&m Ad wnDgvb wmwKDwiwU
1995 †RÛvi A¨vÛ wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
1996 BKbwgK †MÖv_ A¨vÛ wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
1997 wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U Uz Bi¨vwW‡KBU cfvwU©
1998 KbRv¤úkb di wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
1999 †MøvevjvB‡Rkb Dwq_ Av wnDgvb †dBm
2000 wnDgvb ivBU&m A¨vÛ wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
2001 †gwKs wbD †UKbjwRm IqK© di wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
2002 wW‡cwbs †W‡gv‡µwm Bb Av d«¨vM‡g‡›UW Iqvì©
2003 wg‡jwbqvg †W‡fjc‡g›U †Mvj&m: Av Kgc¨v± Avgvs †bkb&m Uz GÛ wnDgvb cfvwU©
2004 KvjPvivj wjevwU© Bb Uz‡WÕR WvBfvm© Iqvì©
2005 B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv-Acv‡ikb A¨vU Av µm‡ivW&m: GBW, †UªW A¨vÛ wmwKDwiwU Bb A¨vb AvbBKzqvj Iqvì©
2006 exqÛ ‹¨viwmwU: cvIqvi, cfvwU© A¨vÛ ¨ †Møvevj IqvUvi µvBwmm
2007/2008 dvBwUs K¬vB‡gU †PÄ: wnDgvb mwjW¨vwiwU Bb Av wWfvB‡WW Iqvì©
2009 IfviKvwgs e¨vwiqvm©: wnDgvb †gvwewjwU A¨vÛ †W‡fjc‡g›U
2010 `¨ wiqvj I‡qj&_ Ad †bkb&m: cv_I‡qR Uz wnDgvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
2011 mvm‡UB‡bwewjwU A¨vÛ GKzBwU: Av †eUvi wdDPvi di Aj
2013 ivBR Ad ¨ mvD_: wnDg¨vb cÖ‡MÖm Bb Av WvBfvm© Iqvì©
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