MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 1 MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling...

1MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel

MICE

The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment


MICE

1. Why, what and who?

2. MICE Funding/status/schedule -- Phase I

-- Phase II (and III?)

3. Conclusions

Collaboration membership and organization in appendixhttp://mice.iit.edu


High-power target . 4MW . good transmissionMERIT experiment (CERN)

Major challenges tackled by R&D expts

Fast muon cooling MICE experiment (RAL)

Fast, large aperture accelerator (FFAG)EMMA (Daresbury) ISS baseline


IONIZATION COOLING

principle:

this will surely work..!

Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%, while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision.Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle

Cooling is necessary for Neutrino Factory and crucial for Muon Collider.Delicate technology and integration problem Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam)

Can it be built? Operate reliably? What performance can one get?

state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology.

reality (simplified)

….maybe…


Incoming muon beam

VariableDiffuser

Beam PIDTOF 0

CherenkovTOF 1

Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out

Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3

DownstreamTOF 2

particle ID:KL and SW Calorimeter

RF cavities 1 RF cavities 2

Spectrometer solenoid 1

Matching coils 1&2

Focus coils 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2

Coupling Coils 1&2

Focus coils 2 Focus coils 3Matching coils 1&2

10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements =>

measurement precision can be as good as out/ in ) = 10-3

never done before either…


Challenges of MICE: (these things have never been done before)

1. Operate RF cavities of relatively low frequency (201 MHz) at high gradient (nominal 8MV/m in MICE, 16 MV/m with 8 MW and LN2 cooled RF cavities)

in highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields (1-3 T) dark currents (can heat up LH2), breakdowns

2. Hydrogen safety (substantial amounts of LH2 in vicinity of RF cavities)

3. Emittance measurement to relative precision of 10-3 in environment of RF bkg

requires low mass (low multiple scattering) and precise tracker fast and redundant to fight dark-current-induced background precision Time-of-Flight for particle phase determination (±3.60 = 50

ps) complete set of PID detectors to eliminate beam pions and decay

electrons

and…

4. Obtaining (substantial) funding for R&D towards a facility that is not (yet) in the plans of a major lab


Design of MICE detectors and beam test results satisfy the above requirements

Requirements on detectors for MICE:

1. Must be sure to work on muons 1.a use a pion/muon decay channel with 5T, 5m long decay solenoid 1.b reject incoming pions and electrons TOF over 6m with 70 ps resolution+ threshold Cherenkov 1.c reject decays in flight of muons downstream PID (TOF2 + calorimeter set up)

2. Measure all 6 parameters of the muons x,y,t, x’, y’, z=E/Pz tracker in magnetic field, TOF

3. Resolution on above quantities must be better than 10% of rms of beam at equilibrium emittance to ensure correction is less than 1%. + resolution must be measured

4. Detectors must be robust against RF radiation and field emission


Aspirational MICE Schedule now (~unchanged since march 2006)

1 October 2007 STEP I

December 2007

STEP III

STEP II

STEP IV Early 2009

STEP V Summer 2009

STEP VI 2010

PHASE II

R&D

beam line + detectorcommissionning starts August 2007!

PHASE I

March 2008


The MICE BEAM LINE


Target test succesfulOct-Nov06beam at 50Hz/64 (1.28s)only 10 A target drive (need ~40) Review on 6 march 2007Ballistic control of targetcritical… will be operated 3 months in beam before October run

ISIS pulses at 50Hz with flat top for ~2ms.Electromagnetic driver dips target in and out in~3ms. Resp: Sheffield, Glasgow

actuator:MICE Target in lab

on the beam line

shielded detectors in place


Beam line Construction at RALis in full swing

PSI solenoidlayout in the vault

quads refurbishment

PSI sol. cryo in the hall drilling holes


MICE Hall and infrastructure:

Vaultclosed

Cyclestart

INSTALLATION CommissngOperation


No access

targetupstream beam lineupstream beam monitorsB1 controled

PSI solB2CollimatorCV and CHCKOV and TOF0


Tracker

Prototypes with 3, 4 triple-planes were built and tested on cosmics and test beam at KEK (in 1 T mag field) ==> curvature measurement OK.

Improved QA procedures for final production

Full production of tracker started in January 2007Fibre preparation & ribbon production at FNAL completeFirst production VLPC cryostat is under construction (works at 50Hz mains!) COMMISSION AT RAL STARTING in JUNE 2007

two identical trackers with 5 planes of 3-views, 440 m point resolution achievedscintillating fiber detector read-out with VPLCs (7-fold ganging of 350 m diameter fibers)

1000 mm

~330 mm

resp: Japan,UK,US


TOF0, TOF1, KL; SW

TOF is Responsibility of M. Bonesini et al (INFN Milano, Pavia, Roma + Gva & Sofia)

Technically: Two layers (x and y) of 4cm wide hodoscopes60 ps resolution achieved in test beamPhototubes/electronics/magnetic shield defined

construction of TOF0 and TOF1 underway all phototubes and scintillator purchased electronics purchased or under construction

==> on course for delivery at RAL in August 2007Very useful tools for beam diagnostics alignment etc…

KL calorimeter (4 X0 of lead sci-fibers sandwitch) first recognition of electronsUnder construction at ROMA III (L. Tortora) delivery in october 2007

SW calorimeter (100X100 X 80 cm deep scintillator ranger for positive muon ID)First prototype layer under construction in Trieste (FNAL/Trieste/GVA collab.) aim is to be operational in 2008 for full downstream PID capability


60

L=6065

L=90

tracker

Spectrometer solenoid

TOF and shielding

KL calorimeter

SW calorimeter


DATE framework (ALICE expt @cern)

Readout by VMETrigger signals and run

modes establishedControl and monitoring

established (Daresbury)

…

MICE DAQ & Trigger

data rate ~1MHz

February, 2007: DAQ test bench set up at Uni-Geneva

March, 2007: Order MICE Stage 1 FEE hardware

July, 2007: Move MICE DAQ system to RAL

September, 2007: DAQ working in MICE Stage 1

Gva, UK, IIT, Osaka


Preparing for PHASE I : software, analysis & DATA Challenge

1. Basic simulation and reconstruction of MICE is complete for the various stepsBoth G4MICE and MUCOOL are used. 2. Putting it all together to do analysis (particle reconstruction, particle ID algorithmsSingle particle amplitude and emittance calculations, etc…)

3. Data challenge launched in March 2007

4. Shortage of hands (general in MICE) is particularly felt here.

Example Bias on emittance due to muon decaysWould be ~0.5% (i.e. 5% error on cooling meast)Reduced to <<0.1%by PID+ trackerThis uses tracker & TOF info and PID signals +Neural Network


Single particle Amplitude Measurements in MICE

Transmission versus amplitudeLarge emittance beam

Empty channel

Transmission versus amplitudeLarge emittance beam

Channel with absorbers & RF

Emittance = RMS amplitude of muons in beamMICE can measure the amplitudes of single muons (6D radius in emittance ellipsoid)Increase in central phase space density Dramatic demonstration of Cooling

Increase of central phase space density


Run plan -- steps I and II

STEP I Aug.- Nov. 2007

STEP IIdec. 2007 to march 2008

Goal: Establish beam match andwhether we have all knobs necessary to draw emittance vs. transmission curve. Measure emittance

preliminary estimate

STEP I requires 60 shifts (20 days of running) beam line commissionning, target tuning (rates), DAQ and detector shake down

STEP II requires 150 shifts (50 days, will extend in 2008) Alignment of beam x,x’,y,y’, (Lack of) dispersion, check range of transverse emittance, and range of momentameasure emittance and… publish first paper

total for steps I & II: 70 days

Runnng time:Take 200-400 muons per 1ms spill once per secondIn steps I-IV 1% (0.1%) emittance meast will take <1 (<100) minute 10 times longer in steps V and VI where phase matters.


Instrumentation/commissioning strawman schedule 2007 (from february 2007)

Task Milestone Commissioning period

U/stream diagnostics 13Jul07 14Jul07 – 08Aug07

CKOV 1 14Jul07 21Jul07 – 08Aug07

D/stream diagnostics 14Aug07 15Aug07 – 22Agu07

TOF 0 14Aug07 15Aug07 – 22Aug07

Tracker (no solenoid) 22Aug07 23Aug07 – 30Aug07

TOF 1 22Aug07 23Aug07 – 30Aug07

Downstream scint. 22Aug07 23Aug07 – 30Aug07

KL 31Aug07 01Sep07 – 15Sep07

start phase I data taking 02Oct07 02 Oct07 -

Tracker solenoid 01Nov07 02Nov07 – 22Nov07

Tracker+ diffuser +TOF1+KLin solenoid

22Nov07 22Nov07 – 30Nov07

Step II, first run start 30Nov07 23Nov07 – 21Dec07

End of run party 21Dec07 Probably shifted by ~one month


2. Preparing for phase II

LH2 Absorber (UK, US, Japan)

AFC module (UK)

RF R&D (Mucool-NFMCC)

RF power (LBNL+ CERN -> Daresbury lab RAL) Coupling Coils (LBNL-Harbin ICST)

SW calorimeter (GVA-FNAL-Trieste)

Main technological uncertainty towards PHASEII is MUCOOL RF R&D. This emphasizes the need for the MUCOOL coupling coil!

Main issue is funding.


The complete cell of the study II cooling channel is composed of

two RF coupling-coil modules with an absorber-focus pair module in the middleThis corresponds to step VI.

Although ionization cooling could already be observed in step V, several aspects of the system such as -- flip between two modules and longitudinal emittance growth would not be covered fully. The complete MICE project extends to step VI (MICE needs two RFCC modules and three AFC modules)


RF power systemcompletion of test stand in 2007 (Daresbury Lab)relationship with CERN & phase 2

FC ModuleTender spec complete announcement in EU journal made

Hydrogen SystemSpec almost ready for review

Metal hydride storage tank with capacity of 20 m3 of hydrogen

Safety review and HAZOP for H2 system has been passed.


-- USA: funding from the NFMCC (DOE baseline scenario 4.125M$) + 4MW RF source + NSF grant (IIT) 300k$ + MRI grant (tracker + tracker solenoid) 750k$ (NB tracker part was reduced substantially by D0 electronics deal) + DOE suppl. for MUCOOL coupling coil 300k$ + Fermilab 800k$ + NSF tracker proposal by Pr G. Hanson 400 k$ (postdocX3 years) (+ equal amount of startup fund) further request submitted: NSF MRI for MUCOOL CC (should know by june) + other avenues being investigated (e.g. PIRES)

Summary of funding situation (I)

-- UK: PhaseI = 9.7M£ (OST+ rolling grants + CCLRC contributions) Phase II bid submitted in July 2007. Peer review positive; recommended

100% of support for engineering 2 + option for 3d focus pair modules support for exploitation Merge of CCLRC and PPARC into STFC leads to general review during next year reconcilitation for one year funding. Authorization to post official notice for FC module in EU journal (1st step in call for tender process)


-- Japan: Very important contribution by Osaka and KEK was interrupted in 2006Bids have been resubmitted for US-Japan coll. and Japan No effect on tracker. Affects absorber bodies and controls.

-- Switzerland: PSI solenoid Uni-Geneva+SNF (DAQ, trigger + TOF0 PMTS + 2PhD+1RA ~ 1000 kCHF so far) additional request for online (100kCHF) in preparation+Bulgaria collaboration (travel, PID electronics) (74kCHF granted)

-- CERN: 1 RF station providing 4MW (173kCHF or 110k€ + 0.3 FTE) agreed on 3 Nov 2006: Maurizio Vretenar charged of execution

-- Netherlands: (Mag probes)

-- Italy: (TOF, Calorimeter) 500 k€ from INFN + 200 k€ from RAL end-of-year 2006 to completion project recognized within INFN NTA (New Techniques of Acceleration) -- China: (MICE coupling coils) propose to build first coupling coil with US funding (MUCOOL coupling coil)+ bid submitted from ICST to HIT for + delivery of two MICE coupling coils (requires NFMCC to purchase the conductor and power supplies)

Summary of funding situation (II)


Summary of funding situation (III)

Missing but requested:

1. UK: Phase II bid 2. US: Mucool coupling coil MRI bid (rest is within MICE 2005 5yrs plan)3. China: MICE coupling coils 4. Japan: Absorbers bodies and controls

+ everywhere: manpower


Beyond PHASEII -- Ideas for « Phase III »

ONCE PHASEII will be completed, having equipped the MICE hall with-- spectrometers, TOF and PID able to measure emittance to 10-3

-- 8 MW of 201MHz RF power -- 23 MV of RF acceleration-- Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure and safety

MICE can become a facility to test new cooling ideas.

Such ideas were proposed:

A. with the existing MICE hardware to test optics beyond the neutrinoFactory study II: non flip optics, low-beta optics (down to 5 cm vs 42 cm nominal) other absorber materials He, Li, LiH, etc..LN2 cooled RF cavities

B. with additional hardware: -- A. Skrinsky to test a lithium lense available at Novosibirsk -- Muons Inc. to test a section of helicoidal channel (MANX)


0. MICE will be taking data in 166 days

1. The collaboration is making excellent progress in all fronts:Simulations, R&D, engineering, prototyping and construction The funding for phase I is complete, but manpower is never in excess US contributions have been fundamental since the start of MICE

(concept,engineering) and continue to be (detectors, electronics)

2. MICE will start phase I data taking in summer/fall 2007Steps I, II, III will allow beam tuning, first measurement of emittance

and verification of systematics.

3. The funding for phase II is submitted and under review.The MUCOOL R&D is critical to the continuation of the experiment andsuffers from the lack of a coupling coil NOW. 4. MICE phase II requires 2 RFCC modules and 3 AFC modules to allow

full benefit from MICE until step VI.

5. Our aim is to assure that step VI can be performed in good time for 2010.

MUTAC support will be highly valuable for this.

Conclusions


Intense K physicsIntense Low-E muons Neutrino FactoryHiggs(es) Factory(ies)Energy Frontier -> 5 TeV

circa 1997-1999US, Europe, Japan Possible layout of a muon complex on

the CERN site.

32MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 200MHz RF cavity with beryllium windows

Liquid-hydrogen absorbers

Scintillating-fiber tracker

Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment MICE

Status: Approved at RAL(UK)First beam: 10-2007

Funded in: UK,CH,It,JP,NL,USFurther requests: JP,UK,US, PRChina…

Single-beam ~200 MeV/c

4T spectrometer I

4T spectrometer II

TOF

Cooling cell (~10%)=5-45cm, liquid H2, RF

Final PID:TOFCalorimeter

Demonstrate feasibility and performance of a section of cooling channel by 2010

Prototyping:

FIRST BEAM IN OCTOBER 2007


NUFACT002000-2001NUFACT01 7:00 am Sept. 2001November 2001 January 2002 June 2002 January 2003 July 2003October 2003 December 2003 June 2004 20 December 2004March 2005April 2005June 2006 July 2006October 2007

Re-activated the recognized need for muon cooling expt Workshops on Cooling Experiment (CERN, Chicago, London) Steering group formed Workshop at CERN where final experiment took shape. Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RALPSI cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam solenoid)RAL IPRP Review Panel encouraged submission of a proposalProposal submitted Recommendation by International Peer Review Panel‘Scientific approval’ letter by RAL CEO John WoodGateway 1 review Gateway 1 passed on ‘amber’Gateway 2/3 passed (MICE PHASE I)UK phase I funding approved by PPARC and CCLRC 9.7 M£US NFMCC proposes a 5-year plan to fund MICE Harbin ICST joins MICE collaboration UK phase II bid submitted…. First beam in MICE step I

MICE is an international effort from the start.


Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium

University of Sofia, Bulgaria

The Harbin Institute for Super Conducting Technologies PR China

INFN Milano, INFN Napoli, INFN Pavia, INFN Roma III, INFN Trieste, Italy

KEK, Kyoto University, Osaka University, Japan

NIKHEF, The Netherlands

CERN

Geneva University, Paul Scherrer Institut Switzerland

Brunel, Cockcroft/Lancaster, Glasgow, Liverpool, ICL London, Oxford, Darsbury, RAL, Sheffield UK Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Fairfield University, University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Fermilab, Illinois Institute of Technology, Jefferson Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UCLA, Northern Illinois University, University of Iowa, University of Mississippi, UC Riverside, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA

THE MICE COLLABORATION -128 collaborators-


Internal MICE Organization

MICE charter was voted in 2003. Spokesperson election concluded 15/4/2007

Collaboration board 1 rep/instituteelects spokespersonreviews EB activityvotes on decisions prepared by EB chair: Dan Kaplan (IIT)

Executive Board 12spokespersondeputyProject manager software coord.analysis coord.2 reps from UK,US,EU,JPmanages collaboration lifenominates personelsprepares decisions for CB

Technical Board 12Project manager: Paul DrummDeputies Bross, Lau, Virostek management of the projectreports to EB +spokesperson+deputy+software coord.+level 2 WBS coordinatorsenforces design and safety reviewschange controldocuments exp.design

Editorial boardChair Dan Kaplan

Speakers bureauChair Ken Long

Analysis forumChair John Cobb

controls quality of publicationsproposes publication policy

solicits talks at conferences and proposes speakers

discusses how to achieve the physics goals of the experiment

numbers of meetings per year

3

~3~3

12

3 collaboration meetings/yr1 video conf/month

Installation/Commissionning/Operations(MICO) NEW

1 representative of each MICE subsystem


RF cavity test at fermilab:


201MHz cavity in magnetic field?

At this point we do not know if a 200 MHz cavity can operate reliably with 4T fields from the focus pairs

Performance of NUFACT is strongly affected by this (muon decays!)

NUFACT performance assumes 12 MV/m MICE normal operation is 8MV/m (8MW on 8 cavities at room Temp)

MICE can reach 12 MV/m this by cooling all cavities with LiqN2

MICE can reach up to 16MV/m (8MW on 2 cavities or 4 LiqN2-cooled)

MUCOOL single cavity can reach 16 MV/m but present MUCOOL magnet only allows 0.2T on window with very divergent B fieldwill be tried anyway - instrum. ready

What is really needed here is MUCOOL Coupling coil

strong multipactor was observed in 800 MHz cavity-->


4 m Cooling Channel

Far end 3 m matching section

Front end 3 m matching section

Total channel length 10 m

Total energy 10-15 MJ

Z axis muon beam injection

LHe absorber inside the channel

LHe vessel diameter 1.1 m

Outer diameter 1.4 m

LHe volume (1.1m dia.) 10 m³

LHe volume absorber (0.5m dia.) 3 m³

MUTAC meeting – 18-04-2007 Alain Blondel 1 MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling...

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