Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

54
A Genious… A Genious… A Liberator… A Liberator… A Founder… A Founder… A Man of A Man of Enlightment... Enlightment... ATATÜRK ATATÜRK Mustafa Mustafa Kemal Kemal

description

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's Life

Transcript of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Page 1: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

A Genious…A Genious… A Liberator… A Liberator…A Founder… A Founder…

A Man of Enlightment... A Man of Enlightment...

ATATÜRKATATÜRKMustafa KemalMustafa Kemal

Page 2: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Born in Tseloniki* in 1881 in this house …Born in Tseloniki* in 1881 in this house …

Today this city is in the Today this city is in the North East of Greece North East of Greece

Page 3: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

1903: 1903: Graduation Graduation

from the from the miliatry miliatry

academy with academy with the highest the highest

honors as the honors as the top student top student

Page 4: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

At the military manuvers near Paris as an observer in 1910...

Page 5: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

1911: Secretly infiltrates into Libia to start the guerrilla movement for liberating Libia from Italian Occupation...

Page 6: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

1913: Appears in a costumed ball in Sofia in 16th Century Ottoman Soldier’s costumes...

Page 7: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

1915: Fighting against the British forces in Dardanells with very limited forces and succeeds to stop the two times greater British forces...

Page 8: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

    In spite of the success at the Dardanells, Ottoman Empire becomes considered In spite of the success at the Dardanells, Ottoman Empire becomes considered as “defeated” together with Germany and all the arms of Ottoman Empire become as “defeated” together with Germany and all the arms of Ottoman Empire become collected by the British.... collected by the British....    The Ottoman Emperor decides to surrender to the  The Ottoman Emperor decides to surrender to the British and escapes from Istanbul... British and escapes from Istanbul...    Mustafa Kemal Pasha* and his friends refuse  Mustafa Kemal Pasha* and his friends refuse to surrender and they decide to escape from Istanbul to inner Anatolia to start the to surrender and they decide to escape from Istanbul to inner Anatolia to start the national liberation movement... national liberation movement...    Mustafa Kemal resigns from all of his offical  Mustafa Kemal resigns from all of his offical duties by renouncing all the honorary titles and ranks he has...(duties by renouncing all the honorary titles and ranks he has...(He also refuses He also refuses Sultan’s offer to marry his daugther with him..)Sultan’s offer to marry his daugther with him..)    After a very dangerous journey to  After a very dangerous journey to SAMSUN (SAMSUN (a city in middle Black sea region of Turkeya city in middle Black sea region of Turkey) he arrives to Samsun in ) he arrives to Samsun in 1919thth of May 1919 after a very dangerous journey… of May 1919 after a very dangerous journey…    After a series of visits to  After a series of visits to different cities throughout Turkey he leads the creation of first Turkish Parliament different cities throughout Turkey he leads the creation of first Turkish Parliament in Ankara in 23rd of April 1920 not only to prove the whole world that this would in Ankara in 23rd of April 1920 not only to prove the whole world that this would be a “people’s movement” rather than a single person’s desire but also to teach all be a “people’s movement” rather than a single person’s desire but also to teach all Turkish Nation to live in democracy.Turkish Nation to live in democracy.

((**) “Pasha” means “ARMY) “Pasha” means “ARMY GENERAL”GENERAL”

The Dark Days.... The Dark Days....

Page 9: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

He starts travelling from one city to another to He starts travelling from one city to another to convince community leaders to send their convince community leaders to send their representatives to form the first national representatives to form the first national

assembly…assembly…

Page 10: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

A Great Communicator... A Great Communicator... A Great Convincer... A Great Convincer...

Trying to gather all religions, cults, ethnicities, thoughts to Trying to gather all religions, cults, ethnicities, thoughts to start a fight against imperialism under democracy... start a fight against imperialism under democracy...

He was also trying to convince the leaders of different ethnic groups to send their representatives to the new National Assembly...

With different religious leaders of different cults...

Page 11: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Trying to convince even sheapards he meets on the roads to join him Trying to convince even sheapards he meets on the roads to join him for the cause of unconditional independence... for the cause of unconditional independence...

Page 12: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

2323rdrd of April 1920: The very first truly democratic Parliament of April 1920: The very first truly democratic Parliament opens under extremely difficult conditions in Ankara.... opens under extremely difficult conditions in Ankara....

Ankara was a very small, rural, almost Ankara was a very small, rural, almost “forgotten” town at that time but was chosen “forgotten” town at that time but was chosen by Ataturk on purpose due to its very central by Ataturk on purpose due to its very central geographic position and its well protected geographic position and its well protected nature surrounded by mountains... nature surrounded by mountains...

Page 13: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

And again by the favorable And again by the favorable voting of the New National voting of the New National

Assembly, he has been Assembly, he has been elected as the new Chief of elected as the new Chief of

the Joint Staffs and the the Joint Staffs and the CHIEF COMMANDER of CHIEF COMMANDER of

the New Turkish Armed the New Turkish Armed Forces.Forces.

The very same parliament The very same parliament decided what the limits of the decided what the limits of the PATRIA(Homeland) should PATRIA(Homeland) should be and the objectives of the be and the objectives of the nation to be reached. And nation to be reached. And

after the definition of these after the definition of these frontiers, parliament frontiers, parliament

officially decided to launch officially decided to launch an INDEPNDENCE WAR an INDEPNDENCE WAR

until the LAST foreign until the LAST foreign soldiers leaves this defined soldiers leaves this defined

territory.territory.

Page 14: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The exhaustive preparations for the The exhaustive preparations for the independence war starts and here he independence war starts and here he is resting on the snow for a while... is resting on the snow for a while...

Page 15: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

In the meantime he is organizing meetings In the meantime he is organizing meetings with people to share his ideas…with people to share his ideas…

Page 16: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

A great, careful A great, careful open minded open minded

listener, without listener, without any prejudice….any prejudice….

Page 17: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

A great, careful open A great, careful open minded listener, without minded listener, without

any prejudice….any prejudice….

Page 18: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

A great listener...A great listener...

Page 19: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

26th of August 1922 26th of August 1922 A historical, delicate moment right before the “FIRE” order A historical, delicate moment right before the “FIRE” order

of the “Grand Assault” which would bring unconditional freedom not only of the “Grand Assault” which would bring unconditional freedom not only Turkish Nation but also to many other nations in the same century with the Turkish Nation but also to many other nations in the same century with the

inspiration from The Turkish Independence War...inspiration from The Turkish Independence War...

The Grand Assault... The Grand Assault...

Page 20: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Giving last orders and double-checking the preparations Giving last orders and double-checking the preparations

immediately before “The Grande Assault”…immediately before “The Grande Assault”…

Page 21: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The very last salutes to the troops before The very last salutes to the troops before “The Grande Assault”... “The Grande Assault”...

Page 22: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The very last salutes to the troops before The very last salutes to the troops before “The Grande Assault”... “The Grande Assault”...

Page 23: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

A moment of tension: A moment of tension: He is following the progress of the war He is following the progress of the war

from the hills of Kogiatepe…from the hills of Kogiatepe…

Page 24: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

TIME:TIME:“Mustafa Kemal Pasha “Mustafa Kemal Pasha

is the man who is the man who succeeded to create a succeeded to create a

whole new nation out of whole new nation out of the ashes of a destroyed, the ashes of a destroyed,

outdated empire...”outdated empire...”March 24, 1923

Page 25: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

After the victory, After the victory, on the 29on the 29thth of October 1923 of October 1923

The Modern Republic of Turkey has The Modern Republic of Turkey has been officially founded and Mustafa been officially founded and Mustafa Kemal Pasha has been elected as the Kemal Pasha has been elected as the

first President of the Republic of first President of the Republic of Turkey. Turkey.

Page 26: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Now it was the time Now it was the time for reforming a for reforming a

nation which was nation which was devastated by wars devastated by wars

last 250 years…last 250 years…

Page 27: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

By organizing public meetings he was explaining the people why By organizing public meetings he was explaining the people why radical reforms were neccessary and inevitable…radical reforms were neccessary and inevitable…

Page 28: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The Reforms…The Reforms…     The seperation of religion and political system and the installation of the principle The seperation of religion and political system and the installation of the principle

of secularism clearly in the first constitution (Laicism) of secularism clearly in the first constitution (Laicism) ((Still today Turkey is one of the very few nations in the world which Still today Turkey is one of the very few nations in the world which

doesn’t have an official religiondoesn’t have an official religion) )     The cancellation of all honorary titles and previledges remaining from Ottoman The cancellation of all honorary titles and previledges remaining from Ottoman

Empire times… Empire times…     Ottoman royal family becomes prohibited from entering into Turkey   Ottoman royal family becomes prohibited from entering into Turkey until 1930 and the last emperor Vahdeddin dies in San Remo during the years 1930ies. until 1930 and the last emperor Vahdeddin dies in San Remo during the years 1930ies.     The use of every kind of religious symbols and clothings has been prohibited in daily   The use of every kind of religious symbols and clothings has been prohibited in daily social life. The symbols could be used only in shrines. social life. The symbols could be used only in shrines.

      The full civil rights and all electoral rights have been given to women too. (1928) The full civil rights and all electoral rights have been given to women too. (1928)       Civil laws, criminal laws and the commericial laws have been modernized totally… Civil laws, criminal laws and the commericial laws have been modernized totally…

Today Turkish laws are quite similar to German and Swiss laws. Today Turkish laws are quite similar to German and Swiss laws.     Reform of the   Reform of the educational system has been realized. The foundation of 40,000 schools throughout the educational system has been realized. The foundation of 40,000 schools throughout the country and the instillation of the “Village Institutes” have been realized only in 10 country and the instillation of the “Village Institutes” have been realized only in 10 years time. years time.     Extremely important economic reforms have been realized too and the   Extremely important economic reforms have been realized too and the GNP of Turkey has increased at least 500 times in 10 years time. GNP of Turkey has increased at least 500 times in 10 years time.

Page 29: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The alphabet has changed too. The Turks were using the arabic alphabet The alphabet has changed too. The Turks were using the arabic alphabet for religious reasons, although it was not serving the very special sound for religious reasons, although it was not serving the very special sound and grammatical structure of the Turkish language. and grammatical structure of the Turkish language. (Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish (Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish and partly Japanese language come from the same language family: The “Ural-Altai” laguages)and partly Japanese language come from the same language family: The “Ural-Altai” laguages)

With the national linguistic committee... With the national linguistic committee...

Page 30: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Educational Reforms Educational Reforms

• The strict prohibition of religious education at public schools…. The strict prohibition of religious education at public schools…. • The creation of the first Conservatory of Turkey in Ankara; The creation of the first Conservatory of Turkey in Ankara; HindemithHindemith, , Strauss, Strauss,

BartokBartok has been brought to Turkey to set up the fundaments of the modern has been brought to Turkey to set up the fundaments of the modern music education in Turkey… music education in Turkey…

• For the modernization of the antiquated Istanbul University, the very best For the modernization of the antiquated Istanbul University, the very best professors of Germany, Austria, Switzerland has been brought to Turkey professors of Germany, Austria, Switzerland has been brought to Turkey ((Schmalenbach, Einstein are among the most famous ones...Schmalenbach, Einstein are among the most famous ones...) )

• ““Village Institutes” have been established to educate the children of poor farmers Village Institutes” have been established to educate the children of poor farmers not only as the next generation of teachers but also as a wide range rural cultural not only as the next generation of teachers but also as a wide range rural cultural developers to save the backward parts of Turkey from bigotry and darkness... developers to save the backward parts of Turkey from bigotry and darkness... Unfortunately these schools have been banned with the pressure of US Unfortunately these schools have been banned with the pressure of US government in 1950ies with the accusation that these schools were creating “ government in 1950ies with the accusation that these schools were creating “ a a sympathy for the communismsympathy for the communism” while these students were being educated with the ” while these students were being educated with the ideas of Jean Jack Rousse, Montaigne, Dante, Voltaire, Platon, Aristo, Rumi…ideas of Jean Jack Rousse, Montaigne, Dante, Voltaire, Platon, Aristo, Rumi…etc. and while listening to Mozart, Beethoven..etc. etc. and while listening to Mozart, Beethoven..etc.

• With the instillation of the “PRODIGY CHILDREN” law, a few very famous With the instillation of the “PRODIGY CHILDREN” law, a few very famous artists and musicians of the Turkish society of today have been sent to the best artists and musicians of the Turkish society of today have been sent to the best schools of music and arts in Europe and the US. schools of music and arts in Europe and the US.

• A well balanced system of eclectism by teaching the best values of WEST and A well balanced system of eclectism by teaching the best values of WEST and the EAST was the fundament of the modern Turkish Education.the EAST was the fundament of the modern Turkish Education.

Page 31: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

With the professors of Istanbul University

Page 32: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

With the students of Istanbul University -1933With the students of Istanbul University -1933

Page 33: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

“ “Unexpected” visits Unexpected” visits to the schools... to the schools...

Page 34: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Visits to the Visits to the schools…schools…

Page 35: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

In a secondary girls In a secondary girls school with the school with the

students... students...

Page 36: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

During a visit to During a visit to the law school of the law school of

Istanbul Istanbul University: University:

He is listening to He is listening to the lecture with the the lecture with the

students... students...

Page 37: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

• Foundation of specialized Foundation of specialized banks... Foundation of banks... Foundation of social security systems social security systems Foundation of new factories Foundation of new factories from all industry types... In from all industry types... In 1930ies Turkey was one of 1930ies Turkey was one of the very few countries in the the very few countries in the world which could produce world which could produce airplanes and automobiles. In airplanes and automobiles. In 10 years time the GNP has 10 years time the GNP has increased more than 500 increased more than 500 times... The infrastucture times... The infrastucture investments have been investments have been successfuly completed. successfuly completed. Turkey has been already one Turkey has been already one of the seven self-sufficient of the seven self-sufficient countries in the world at the countries in the world at the end of 1933 on the 10end of 1933 on the 10thth anniversary of the foundation anniversary of the foundation of the Republic... of the Republic...

Frog-leap reforms in Economy…Frog-leap reforms in Economy…

Page 38: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

1933: The celebrations of the 10th anniversary of the foundation of the modern Republic of Turkey. He is entering the parliament to make his

opening speech...

Page 39: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The celebrations of the 10The celebrations of the 10thth anniversary of the foundation of the anniversary of the foundation of the modern Republic of Turkey. He is leaving the parliament after his modern Republic of Turkey. He is leaving the parliament after his

famous speech “The Grand Speech” which took 36 hours in total... famous speech “The Grand Speech” which took 36 hours in total...

Page 40: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

During the celebrations During the celebrations which took several days which took several days

throughout the country, one throughout the country, one could see the level of could see the level of

satisfacton and happiness satisfacton and happiness from his face to see his from his face to see his nation at a point where nation at a point where culture, industry and culture, industry and

agriculture were at their agriculture were at their highest productive rates of highest productive rates of

which no nation in the which no nation in the history of mankind has history of mankind has achived in such a short achived in such a short

period of time... A period of time... A development not only in the development not only in the

material components but also material components but also in the mentality and the in the mentality and the thinking of a nation as a thinking of a nation as a

whole... whole...

Page 41: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

First important visitors from abroad…First important visitors from abroad…

• Venizelos of Greece... • (Later on, Venizelos has nominated Atatürk to the NOBEL Peace Price) (Later on, Venizelos has nominated Atatürk to the NOBEL Peace Price)

• The King of Afganistan (By envying the Turkish revolution he tried to do the

same even in a faster manner, but he was assasinated by the tribal leaders soon after) Edward the 8th of UK (The King who is later on known for leaving his

throne for his love) • Shah of Iran….etc…

• Shah of IranShah of Iran • Il Re Edward the 8Il Re Edward the 8thth of GB of GB

The great success of ATATURK has provoked a huge curiosity among The great success of ATATURK has provoked a huge curiosity among the world leaders to the extend that some of them even wanted to visit the world leaders to the extend that some of them even wanted to visit

him just to meet without any political agenda ! him just to meet without any political agenda !

Page 42: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

With the First WOMAN With the First WOMAN Military Pilot of the world Military Pilot of the world

-1933-1933(Mrs. Sabiha Gökcen is the first woman

military pilot in the world)

Page 43: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

His last visit to Istanbul before His last visit to Istanbul before he died…he died…

(1937)(1937)

Page 44: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

““For sure, my body will be part of For sure, my body will be part of the ground soil someday, but The the ground soil someday, but The Republic of Turkey will continue to Republic of Turkey will continue to exist forever! exist forever! Because the very basic foundation Because the very basic foundation of our Republic is of our Republic is THE CULTURETHE CULTUREwhich bases itself in the which bases itself in the unconditional love for all humanity; unconditional love for all humanity; NOT discriminating anybody NOT discriminating anybody based on their ethnic root or based on their ethnic root or religion... And this is also why our religion... And this is also why our Republic will be an ideal model for Republic will be an ideal model for the nations who will be independent the nations who will be independent in the years to come....in the years to come....

Page 45: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Page 46: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Page 47: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

After a series of After a series of illnesses he is illnesses he is trying to rest a trying to rest a

little on a cruise little on a cruise boat…boat…

Page 48: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Farewell…Farewell…

1010thth of November 1938…Time: 09:05… of November 1938…Time: 09:05…

This photo was taken from This photo was taken from the window of Dolmabache the window of Dolmabache Palace while he was trying Palace while he was trying to wave the students of the to wave the students of the military senior high school… military senior high school… The students were shouting The students were shouting from outside sea front of the from outside sea front of the Palace where they Palace where they approached with the boats by approached with the boats by escaping from their schools. escaping from their schools. They were shouting as: “Our They were shouting as: “Our Father! Please come to the Father! Please come to the window and show your face window and show your face to the whole world that you to the whole world that you are not dead !...” are not dead !...” And in spite of the objections And in spite of the objections of his doctors he comes to of his doctors he comes to the window by getting up the window by getting up from his bed and waves to from his bed and waves to the students, last time... And the students, last time... And this becomes his last farewell this becomes his last farewell also to his nation... also to his nation...

Page 49: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

His funural receives His funural receives participation from participation from the whole world…the whole world…

Page 50: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The Funeral

Page 51: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The whole The whole nation drowned nation drowned

into tears…into tears…

Page 52: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

The whole The whole nation nation

drowned drowned into into

tears…tears…

Page 53: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

After being placed in the ethnographic museum in Ankara for some years, his body has been transferred to a special Mouseleum that was built as a symbol of the Turkish Nation’s very sincere gratitude to him on the highest hill of Ankara. This place’s After being placed in the ethnographic museum in Ankara for some years, his body has been transferred to a special Mouseleum that was built as a symbol of the Turkish Nation’s very sincere gratitude to him on the highest hill of Ankara. This place’s name is: ANITKABIRname is: ANITKABIR

Page 54: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk