Muslim Thesis

7/28/2019 Muslim Thesis

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED!

No part of this Research Report will be produced in any form or by any

electronic or mechanical means, including information storage retrieval, without

prior written permission from the writer, RONNEL MAS

Copyright 2012 by RONNEL MAS


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THE CULTURE OF MUSLIM COMMUNITY

IN STA.CRUZ,ZAMBALES

By

Muslim Group

Ronnel Mas

Regie ann Corpuz

Rizayn coruz

Myrnalyn Valdez

Joanna Mortil

Roby Roz Macam

Julie Anne Malicdem

Julie anne Millan

Santi Minimo

Jason Millan

Jean Osorio

Jorwin Gaerlan

Mary Rose Mayola

Amy Agacoscos

Reynan Mila

Mary Grace Mantes

John Rey Eclevia

Elsie


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Acknowledgment


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Table of Contents


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OVERVIEW

As part of the completion of the requirements of the Education related-

course subject, The Social Dimension it is required for us to know the

different culture living in this town,Sta.Cruz,Zambales such as Badjaos, Aetas

ad Muslim.

Our group was designated to explore and to scrutinize the informations of

the World regarding the Muslim Community in Sta.Cruz Zambales in addition

to their their culture, norms, traditions, government, religion, language,

writings and etc. but this research report first gives the overviewed

informations and data of what are Muslim in the perceptions and

perspective of the people as they live a way of different life in the World,

in the Philippines and in a more detailed information on Sta.Cruz Zambales.

This also involves survey wherein we will know the percentage of muslim

community in Sta.Cruz concerning their lifestyles and beliefs.


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INTRODUCTION

According to the Wikipedia that a Muslim is an adherent ofIslam,

a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the Qur'anwhich Muslims

consider the verbatim word ofGod as revealed to prophet Muhammad

and, with lesser authority than the Qur'an, the teachings and practices of

Muhammad as recorded in traditional accounts, called hadith. "Muslim" is

an Arabic word meaning "one who submits to God They are the one who

believes in Allah as ther God.

In the town of Sta.Cruz Zambales specifically at its public market comprises

different cultures which we could say that in this town a diverse culture or

simple a multicultured community really exist. Ilocanos Sambal, Badjao,

Visayans and a part of its residence or population usually are the Muslim.

And that is our concern- THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY. Lets scrutinize about

their ways of living. A journey that will answer who really they are, The way

they dress,religio,beliefs, government language ad more. So lets pack up our

bags, turn on the camera, bring out the pen and notebook and get to know

them more!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheistichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrahamic_religionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27anhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophets_of_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophets_of_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27anhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrahamic_religionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheistichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam


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CHAPTER 1

WHAT DO ISLAM

MEAN?


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ISLAM DEFINITION

Islam, major world religion. The Arabic word islam literally means

surrender or submission. As the name of the religion it is understood to

mean surrender or submission to God. One who has thus surrendered is a

Muslim. In theory, all that is necessary for one to become a Muslim is to

recite sincerely the short statement of faith known as the shahadah: I

witness that there is no god but God [Allah] and that Muhammad is the

Messenger of God.

Although in an historical sense Muslims regard their religion as dating from

the time of Muhammad in the early 7th century ad, in a religious sense they

see it as identical with the true monotheism which prophets before

Muhammad, such as Abraham (Ibrahim), Moses (Musa), and Jesus (Isa), had

taught. In the Koran, Abraham is referred to as a Muslim. The followers of

these and other prophets are held to have corrupted their teachings, but

God in His mercy sent Muhammad to call mankind yet again to the truth.


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CHAPTER 2

MUSLIM HISTORY

AND EMERGENCEIn WorldIn PhilippinesIn Sta.Cruz, Zambales


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ISLAMIC HISTORY IN THE

VIEW OF THE WORLD

Traditional accounts of the emergence of Islam stress the role of

Muhammad, who lived in western Arabia (Al ?ijaz) at the beginning of the

7th century ad. Muhammad experienced a series of verbal revelations from

God. Among other things, these revelations stressed the oneness of God,

called mankind to worship Him, and promised that God would reward or

punish men according to their behaviour in this world. Muhammad was to

proclaim God's message to the people among whom he lived, most of whom

practised polytheism.

After an initial period in which he was rejected in his home town of Mecca,

Muhammad was able to found a community and a state with himself as its

head in the town which soon came to be called Medina. By the time of his

death in 632, several of the Arab tribes and a number of towns, including


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ISLAMS HISTORY IN THE

PHILIPPINES

In 1380Karim ul' Makhdumthe first Arabian trader reached the Sulu

Archipelago and Joloin the Philippines and through trade throughout the

island established Islam in the country. In 1390 the PrinceRajah

Baguinda and his followers preached Islam on the islands.[3]

The Sheik

Karimal Makdum Mosque was the first mosque established in the Philippines

on Simunul in Mindanao in the 14th century. By the next century conquests

had reached the Sulu islands in the southern tip of the Philippines where the

population was animistic and they took up the task of converting the

animistic population to Islam with renewed zeal. By the 15th century, half

ofLuzon and the islands ofMindanao in the south had become subject to

the various Muslim sultanates ofBorneo and much of the population in

the South were converted to Islam. In 15th century, Islam had been

established in the Sulu Archipelago and spread from there to Mindanao; it

had reached the Manila area by 1565.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhdum_Karimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhdum_Karimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhdum_Karimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajah_Baguinda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajah_Baguinda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheik_Karimal_Makdum_Mosquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheik_Karimal_Makdum_Mosquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simunul,_Tawi-Tawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simunul,_Tawi-Tawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheik_Karimal_Makdum_Mosquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheik_Karimal_Makdum_Mosquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippines#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajah_Baguinda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajah_Baguinda&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhdum_Karim


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MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN

PHILPPINESThe Philippine Muslim communities have a distinct religion and secular

practice, culture and tradition.

A rough estimate of the Filipino Muslim community by the Office on Muslim

Affairs (OMA) states that the Muslim population consists five percent (5%) of

the total Philippine population. Concentration of Muslim population is

apparent in the ARMM, Region 9, 11 and 12. Their population in each region

is illustrated in the table below.


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EMERGENCE OF MUSLIM

COMMUNITY IN STA.CRUZZAMBALES

MUSLIM DO EXIST. We could say that almost an estimated three to seven

percentage rate (3%- 7%) of Sta.Cruz ,Zambales population/residence

specifically in its Public Market comprises Muslim Community from the

Compact Disc Stores unto the Vegtable area and mostly along the river. They

are quite numerous and continues to emerge more rapidly in our town. As

stated and narrated in the Muslim history above, it emerge first in the

different parts of the World especially in Arab nations by Muhammad to

spread the teachings of Islam until it reaches Philippines specifically in

Mindanao unto the countys Northern Part- Luzon and it emerged ad migrate

Sta.Cruz, Zambales. But how?


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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.What are the factors, causes and the core/main reason that made them

decide to migrate from different town specially here in this municipality?

2.Additionally, from what province or city did they came first before they

migrated here?

THEORETICAL HYPOTHESIS

Our group hypothesize that Muslim emerge here in Sta. Cruz because of

religion for them to spread the words of Allah as what Muhammad the

prophet did.

DESIGN OF THE STUDY

Our group uses a survey instrument to answer these questios on how they

tully emerge in Sta.Cruz Zambales and we only gathered only 10 Muslim

respondents to answer our given questionnaire.


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PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

Table 1

Bago ka

pumuta ng Sta.

Cruz,saan ka

nanggaling?

LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO NCR

OUT OF 10 0 0 9 1

PERCENTAGE

0% 0% 90% 5%

This table shows that out of ten (10) repondents 0 Muslim came from Luzon

and visayas while one (1) from NCR (National Capital Region) and nine (9)

from Mindanao. If we will translate it in percentage rate analysis it

determines that zero percent (0%) came from Luzon and Visayas and having

a ten percent (10%) rate that came from National Capital Region and about

a ninety percent (90%) Muslim came from Mindanao.


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In this bar graph it shows and represents that the highest rate of Muslim

that emerge here in Sta.Cruz, Zambales was from the Mindanao and the

second highest was from the Metropolitan Region ( also referred as the

National Capital Region- NCR) . Mindanao is absolutely higher than the

others. Its rate of percentage where the place before Muslim migrated was

extremely the furthest from the others.

According to the Survey which we didnI included it here that 100% of the

Muslim who came here from Mindanao was from the region 10 of the

Philippines. Specically 8 out of 8 came from Lanao Del Norte. They said that

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

Luzon Visayas Mindanao NCR

Bago ka pumuta ng Sta. Cruz,saan ka

nanggaling?


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They live mostly in Marawi City. And the one that answered the NCR was

actually came from Tondo , Manila.

We couldnt deny that the most of the Muslim individual or family here in

Sta. Cruz that they came from Mindanao which we could say that its

absolutely true because Mindanao is the Home of Muslim community before

any places else. And as stated in the Muslim Hstory in the Philipines it rooted

from Mindanao.

As this research report about Muslim Community goes by having the

knowledge that almost 90% of their population came from Mindanao and

now,it is a very crucial question and problem in this research that we need

also to scrutinize were the core reasons why did they came here in Sta.Cruz.


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The pie graph shows that only two factors affected and caused the Muslim

Community in Northernmost part of Zambales to live here : to establish a

business and because of their relatives. But if we compare these two reasons

according to this graph establishing an enterprise favored most.

Bakit ka lumipat?

Pamilya

Relihiyon

Negosyo

Umiwas sa giyera

Iba pa


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Conclusion:

I cannot be denied that the reason of putting up a business is one of the

reason of their emergence because as weve observed it keenly Muslim

Community here in our town were very much engaged in entrepreneurship

from the CDs ,Cellphone clothes and jewelry. Also as one of our interview

was asking why could family be the reason and Cosna a 56 years of age one

that we interview said that because her husbands family lives here so if we

would classify the case of Mrs. Cosna her family was in a patrilocal form of

family residency.


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CHAPTER 3

MUSLIMS LANGUAGE


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MUSLIMS ARABICLANGUAGE

Communication and Culture

Culture is, basically, a set of shared values that a group of people holds. Such

values affect how you think and act and, more importantly, the kind of

criteria by which you judge others.

Communication and culture are inseparable since we couldnt transfer our

norms, values and beliefs from generation to next generation thats why in

every culture and in ever aspects of it we couldnt take away language that a

particular culture has. Such our topic was the Muslim Community living in

Sta. Cruz also tried to explore their language.

Arabic

Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam as the scriptures are

written and prayers recited in the language. Today, Muslim people speak the

language of the country they're from and/or live in. There are Muslims from


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almost every nation on the planet, therefore it's not unreasonable to assume

Muslims speak most languages on Earth

Arabic is used by some Filipino Muslims in both a liturgical and instructional

capacity since the arrival ofIslam in the 14th century. Along with Malay,

Arabic was the lingua franca of the Malay Archipelago among Muslim traders

and the Malay aristocracy.

As stated in the 1987 Constitution it mandates that Arabic is to be promoted

on a voluntary basis. Arabic is currently taught for free and is promoted in

some Islamic centres. It is used primarily in religious activities and education

(such as in amadrasa or Islamic school) and rarely for official events or daily

conversation. In this respect, its function and use is somewhat like the

traditional roles ofLatin and Spanish in Filipino Catholicism vis--vis other

currently spoken languages.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Constitution_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987_Constitution_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgical_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Muslim


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MUSLIMS DIALECT

Muslim in Sta.Cruz, Zambales have also diversified language as well as their

dialects. For us to get to know more about these we gathered information

which will truly be an answer to our problem.

.


1.What are the different dialects or languages spoken by Muslim living in

Sta. Cruz?

2. What is the level of awareness or knowledge of Muslim Community in

speaking Sambal, the dialect spoken where they migrated- Sta.Cruz.


Our group hypothesize that Muslim Community acquired the language of e

people of Sta. Cruz but still they talk more on what they spoke since they

were in Mindanao.


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DESIGN OF THE STUDY

Our group used a survey instrument to answer these questions having a

different options on what are the languages they used in everyday living.

We interviewed 10 respondents regarding this issue for us to solve the

problems and questions stated above.


REGARDING THEIR LANGUAGE

Table 3

What are the

languages/dialects

you speak?

(Recipients chooses as

many as they want)

Tagalog Arabic/Muslim Maranao Bisaya

6 7 3 3

Percentage 60% 70% 30% 30%

This table shows the different languages frequently used by Muslim. It

shows here that out of ten(10),six(6) of them chooses to talk more on

(tagalog and seven 7) of them uses their original language- the Arabic.


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Before living here in Zambales they lived in Marawi City, Lanao Del Norte

wherein their language there still prevails here because three (3) out of

ten(10) Muslims who live here still speaks Maranao. But a Bisaya dialect is

also one of the languages they use where in it garners three out of ten (3/10)

Muslim who speaks Bisaya.

PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS: It is about 60% of Muslim who resides in Sta.Cruz,

Zambales speaks tagalog but speaking their genuine language the Arabic is

the most frequently used language because it comprises a 70% of the

Muslim people here. Both 30 % of Allah believers in this town use the Bisaya

and Maranao as their primary language.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Tagalog Muslim/Arabic Visaya Maranao

Languages Spoken


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In this bar graph it shows that the most frequently used dialect/language by

the Muslim Community residing in Sta.Cruz is the Muslims Arab because as

we trace back the origin of Muslim, Arabic was the language they used until

now therefore the knowledge and usage of Arabic still preserves and still

functioning even in the town of northernmost portion of Zambales. We

could also say that even they use their Arabic language they also acquire the

Filipino language since its the countys national language furthermore even

in this little community of Muslim in a particular area of Sta.Cruz a varied

language exist because Visayan dialect and Maranao still in its usage since


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LEVEL OF FLUENCY AND

UNDERSTANDING OF MUSLIMCOMMUNITY IN SPEAKING

SAMBAL

In researching about their language, we also explore how the Muslim

Community are well-familiar with the dialect where the place they lived

uses- Sambal. We tried to know more about it by a surveying the ratings of

Sambal usage in Muslim.

Do you know how to

speak Sambal?

YES NO

1 9

Percentage 10% 90%

In this table it shows that out of ten (10) Muslim nine (9) of it doesnt

understand how to speak in Sambal but only one individual only knows how


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to speak so in every 10 Muslim in Sta.Cruz only one of them speaks the

Zambales dialect.

PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS: Only 10% of Muslim in the said town of Zambales

knows and can fluently speak and understand their dialect which is Sambal

because most of them only speaks on what they have learned before as

stated earlier which was the Arabic because almost 90% of the muslim who

are living here doesnt acquire the said language.

This bar graph shows the comparison if the Muslim community knows how

to speak Sambal but it according to this presentation that serves as an

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

YES

NO


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evident showing a very wide gap between the Muslim who knows how to

speak and the one who doesnt understand the said dialect. It is about 80%

gap between them.And this will shows as an evidence that truly muslim still

in the portion of unawareness and not yet fully knows how to speak in

Sambal.

It is indeed undeniable that Muslim community here doesnt acquire most of

our culture especially when we are pertaining in this section of Culture-

LANGUAGE but I therefore conclude that as their duration of stating here

comes longer and maybe a lifetime there will come a time that they will

acquire our language even a little since they live in a community where the

language still in functions.

Language is very important in every community since it serves as an stepping

stone for you to acquire the culture of every society in order to pass it from

one generation to the next. It is inevitable with culture since Culture is,

basically, a set of shared values that a group of people holds. Such values

affect how you think and act and, more importantly, the kind of criteria by

which you judge others and we cannot think act and socialize with other

people without the communication.


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CHAPTER 4

MUSLIMS WRITING


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IMPORTANCE OF WRITING

Writing is the visual representation of language through the use of an

established selection of markings. As a means of communicating ideas and

storing information, written language is the single most important and far-

reaching technology available to humans and has served as the foundation

for virtually all other information technologies from early etchings in clay to

the world of digital access that we enjoy today. Writing has allowed for the

development and maintenance of large and complex societies, the

formalization of both academic and practical learning, and the ability to

exchange information on a global level. It is, perhaps, foremost among the

many other fundamental social and technological advancements that have

shaped our world.

Writing developed independently in three different regions of the world: the

Middle East, China, and Mesoamerica.1Through a natural evolution of

language, culture, script, and necessity, these early traditions became the

foundation for the modern written word.
http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/omeka/exhibits/show/mcdonald/writing/significance#note1http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/omeka/exhibits/show/mcdonald/writing/significance#note1http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/omeka/exhibits/show/mcdonald/writing/significance#note1http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/omeka/exhibits/show/mcdonald/writing/significance#note1


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Writing is very much important in a culture since it is also a form of

communication where the knowledge and facts regarding the society were

able to preserve and transfer to the next periods of life. Writing is one of the

ways that we translate our thoughts for other people. Some people are

better at expressing themselves in writing than any other way, and you thus

get a better translation when you read what they have to say rather than

hearing them speak.

Before writing was still fairly new at the time Enheduana was writing. Her

tablets are written in cuneiform- the first form of written language. A stylus

was used on wet clay to make triangular shaped symbols. But there were a

few stages of notation before cuneiform emerged as a sophisticated method

of writing.

The invention of writing dates to approximately 3200 B.C. when the first use

of ideograms began: primarily numerical notations for recording

administrative transactions of the temple eg. how many sheep, wool

products etc. And as the time goes by different symbol of languages were

translated and until today diversified wrtings symbols are still being used.


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MUSLIM WRITINGARABIC

The Arabic alphabet (Arabic: abjadiyyah arabiyyah)

or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing the Arabic

language. It is written from right to left, in a cursive style, and includes 28

letters. There are two main collating sequences for the Arabic alphabet:

The original abjadorder ( ), used for lettering, derives from the order

of the Phoenician alphabet, and is therefore similar to the order of other

Phoenician-derived alphabets, such as the Hebrew alphabet. In this order

letters are also used as numbers.

The hij( ) or alifb() order shown in the table below, used

where lists of names and words are sorted, as in phonebooks, classroom

lists, and dictionaries, groups letters by similarity of shape.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language


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INSIGHT

Muslim community residing in the town of Sta. Cruz did not forget their

true culture of being a Muslim since they are still familiar with the kind of

writing they used even though they reside here and as you can see it in

the last part of this research report that the name they entered are

converted also to Arabic which would signify that their knowledge about

the form of their writings are not just preserved but also functioning as it

is in their language speaking

Although as they live here in Zambales they were very much exposed in

the writings which we could say that it is widely different from the form

of writing of the people around them it is still in use and most of them

are incorporated with diverse and varied writing such as Alphabet

Writing and Arabic writings.


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CHAPTER 5

MUSLIMS

GOVERNMENT


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MEANING AND ROLES OF

GOVERNMENT

What is a government?A government is a group of people that has the power to rule in a territory,

according to the law. This territory may be a country,

a state or province within a country, or a region.

o Governments make laws, rules, and regulations, collect taxes andprint money.

o Governments have systems ofjustice that list the acts or activities thatare against the law and describe the punishments for breaking the

law.

o Governments have a police force to make sure people follow the laws.
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influencehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoryhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneyhttps://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/justicehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policehttps://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/justicehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneyhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoryhttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence


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THE ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT

The political system of Islam is based on three principles: Tawhid (unity

of Allah), Risalat(Prophethood) and Khilafat (vicegerency). It is difficult to

appreciate the different aspects of Islamic polity without fully understanding

these three principles. I will therefore begin with a brief exposition of what

they are. Tawhid means that only Allah is the Creator, Sustainer and Master

of the universe and of all that exists in it, organic or inorganic. The

sovereignty of this kingdom is vested only in Him. He alone has the right to

command or forbid. Worship and obedience are due to Him alone, no one

and nothing else shares it in any way. Life, in all its forms, our physical organs

and faculties, the apparent control which we have over nearly everything in

our lives and the things themselves, none of them has been created or

acquired by us in our own right. They have been bestowed on us entirely

by Allah. Hence, it is not for us to decide the aim and purpose of our

existence or to set the limits of our authority; nor is anyone else entitled to

make these decisions for us. This right rests only with Allah, who has created

us, endowed us with mental and physical faculties, and provided material


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things for our use. Tawhid means that only Allah is the Creator, Sustainer

and Master of the universe and of all that exists in it, organic or inorganic.

The sovereignty of this kingdom is vested only in Him. He alone has the right

to command or forbid. Worship and obedience are due to Him alone, no one

and nothing else shares it in any way. Life, in all its forms, our physical organs

and faculties, the apparent control which we have over nearly everything in

our lives and the things themselves, none of them has been created or

acquired by us in our own right. They have been bestowed on us entirely

by Allah. This principle of the unity of Allah totally negates the concept of the

legal and political independence of human beings, individually or collectively.

No individual, family, class or race can set themselves above Allah. Allah

alone is the Ruler and His commandments are the Law. Now

consider Khilafat. According to the Arabic lexicon, it means representation.

Man, according to Islam, is the representative of Allah on earth, His

vicegerent. That is to say, by virtue of the powers delegated to him by Allah,

he is required to exercise his Allah-given authority in this world within the

limits prescribed by Allah.


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THE PHILIPPINE LAW

CONCERNING ISLAM

Presidential Decree No. 1083

Also known as the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines, is a law

that recognizes the legal system of the Muslims in the Philippines as part of

the law of the land and seeks to make Islamic institutions more effective,

codifies Muslim personal laws, and provides for an effective administration

and enforcement of Muslim personal laws among Muslims. It was

promulgated by President Ferdinand Marcos on February 4, 1977.

This Presidential Decree creates Shari'a courts tasked with the resolution of

disputes that may arise under its provisions, and allows these courts to

create Agama Arbitration Councils in appropriate instances. It creates the

office ofJurisconsult in Muslim law, which has the authority to render legal

opinions on matters concerning Muslim law. It also recognizes five

Muslim legal holidays and provides for their proper observance. It defines
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what constitutes communal property and customary contracts in accordance

with Muslim law, and provides for the effects of conversion to Islam. It also

penalizes offenses and violations of its provisions.

Notably, PD 1083 provides only for Muslim personal laws, e.g. marriage,

divorce, and succession, and not for other Muslim laws. It specifically

recognizes the validity of divorce among Muslims, although divorce is not

allowed between other Filipinos. It also recognizes polygamy in accordance

with Muslim law, such that persons married in accordance with its provisions

shall not be liable for bigamy.

ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT IN

STA.CRUZEven though Muslim community is not as numerous and populous as those

in Mindanao still a stable government exist by forming an association to

that will able to lead them and rule if they still follows the rules of Islam

based on the Koran and based on what the Philippine Government and

Legislatures implemented and enacted and their leader named Jimmy who is

responsible in all the matters concerning Islam Community.
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Islamhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Islam


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CHAPTER 6

RELIGION: ISLAM


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RELIGION- INTRODUCTION

Islam God / Allah

The fundamental concept in Islam is the oneness of God (tawhid). This

monotheism is absolute, not relative or pluralistic in any sense of the word.

God is described in Sura al-Ikhlas, (chapter 112) as follows: Say In Arabic,

God is called Allah, a contraction of al-ilah or "the (only) god". Allah thus

translates to "God" in English. The implicit usage of the definite article in

Allah linguistically indicates the divine unity. In spite of the different name

used for God, Muslims assert that they believe in the same deity as the

Judeo-Christian religions. However, Muslims strictly disagree with the

Christian theology concerning the unity of God (the doctrine of the Trinity

and that Jesus is the eternal Son of God), seeing it as akin to polytheism.

No Muslim visual images or depictions of God exist because such artistic

depictions may lead to idolatry and are thus prohibited. Moreover, many

Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, rendering any two or three

dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the


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many divine attributes mentioned in the Qur'an, and also with the 99 names

of Allah. All but one Surah (chapter) of the Qur'an begins with the phrase "In

the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful". These are consequently the

most important divine attributes in the sense that Muslims repeat them

most frequently during their ritual prayers (called salah in Arabic, and in

India and Pakistan called "namaz" (a Persian word)).

Prophets of Islam: Muhammad

(Mohammed)

The Quran speaks of God appointing two classes of human servants:

messengers (rasul in Arabic), and prophets (nabi in Arabic and Hebrew). In

general, messengers are the more elevated rank. All prophets are said to

have spoken with divine authority; but only those who have been given a

major revelation or message are called messenger.

Notable messengers include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and

Muhammad, all belonging to a succession of men guided by God. Islam

demands that a believer accept all of the Judeo-Christian prophets, making


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no distinction between them. In the Qur'an, 25 specific prophets are

mentioned.

Mainstream Muslims regard Muhammad as the 'Last Messenger' or the 'Seal

of the Prophets' based on the canon. However, there have been a number of

sects whose leaders have proclaimed themselves the successors of

Muhammad, perfecting and extending Islam, or, whose devotees have made

such claims for their leaders. However, most Muslims remain unaffected by

those claims and simply regard those said groups to be deviant.

The religion and philosophy of Islam, is based upon the belief that God

(Allah) transmitted knowledge to Muhammad (c. 570632) and other

prophets (Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus). The followers of Islamic

religion, muslims, believe that this revelation to humanity was written down

in the Quran, which is the flawless word of God.

The theology of the Islamic scriptures informs most aspects of muslim life

and culture. The Five Pillars of Islam is expressed in the Quran (Koran), which

is a practical doctrine that encourages Muslims to pray 5 times a day, fast


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during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca, declare 'There is no god but God, and

Muhammad is his prophet' and pay money to the poor.

Islam is derived from the Arabic root "Salema": peace, purity, submission

and obedience. In the religious sense, Islam means submission to the will of

God and obedience to His law.

Everything and every phenomenon in the world other than man is

administered totally by God-made laws, ie. they are obedient to God and

submissive to his laws, they are in the State of Islam. Man possesses the

qualities of intelligence and choice, thus he is invited to submit to the good

will of God and obey His law, ie, become a Muslim.

Submission to the good will of God, together with obedience to His

beneficial Law, ie, becoming a Muslim, is the best safeguard for man's peace

and harmony.

Islam dates back to the age of Adam and its message has been conveyed to

man by God's prophets and messengers, including Abrahim, Moses, Jesus


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and Muhammad.

Islam's message has been restored and enforced in the last stage of the

religious evolution by God's last prophet and messenger, Muhammad.

The word Allah in the Arabic language means God, or more accurately, The

One and Only Eternal God, Creator of the Universe, Lord of all lords, King of

all kings, Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. The word Allah to mean God

is also used by Arabic speaking Jews and Christians.

SIX BASIC BELIEFS

There are six basic beliefs shared by all Muslims:

Belief in God, the one and only one worthy of all worship.

Belief in the Angels.

Belief in the Book (al-Quran / Koran) (sent by God).

Belief in all the Prophets and Messengers (sent by God).


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Belief in the Day of Judgment (Qiyamah) and in the Resurrection.

Belief in Fate (Qadar)

THE MUSLIM CREED IN ENGLISH

I believe in God; and in His Angels; and in His Scriptures; and in His

Messengers; and in The Final Day; and in Fate, that Good and Evil are from

God, and Resurrection after death be Truth.

I testify that there is nothing worthy of worship but God; and I testify that

Muhammad is His Messenger.

The Qur'an (Koran)

The Qur'an is the sacred book of Islam. It has also been called, in

English, the Koran and the Quran. Qur'an is the currently preferred

English transliteration of the Arabic original ( ); it means recitation.

Muslims believe that the Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet

Muhammad by the Angel Gabriel on numerous occasions between the

years 610 and Muhammad's death in 632. In addition to memorizing his

revelations, his followers are said to have written them down on

parchments, stones, bones, sticks, and leaves.


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Muslims believe that the Qur'an available today is the same as that

revealed to Prophet Muhammad and by him to his followers, who

memorized his words. Scholars accept that the version of the Qur'an

used today was first compiled in writing by the third Caliph, Uthman ibn

Affan, sometime between 650 and 656. He sent copies of his version to

the various provinces of the new Muslim empire, and directed that all

variant copies be destroyed. However, some skeptics doubt the

recorded oral traditions (hadith) on which the account is based and will

say only that the Qur'an must have been compiled before 750.

There are also numerous traditions, and many conflicting academic

theories, as to the provenance of the verses later assembled into the

Qur'an. (This is covered in greater detail in the article on the Qur'an.)

Most Muslims accept the account recorded in several hadith, which state

that Abu Bakr, the first caliph, ordered Zayd ibn Thabit to collect and

record all the authentic verses of the Qur'an, as preserved in written

form or oral tradition. Zayd's written collection, privately treasured by

Muhammad's widow Hafsa bint Umar, was used by Uthman and is the

basis of today's Qur'an.

Uthman's version organized the revelations, or suras, roughly in order

of length, with the longest suras at the start of the Qur'an and the


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shortest ones at the end. Later scholars have struggled to put the suras

in chronological order, and among Muslim commentators at least there

is a rough consensus as to which suras were revealed in Mecca and

which at Medina. Some suras (eg surat Iqra) were revealed in parts at

separate times.

Because the Qur'an was first written [date uncertain] in the Hijazi,

Mashq, Ma'il, and Kufic scripts, which write consonants only and do not

supply the vowels, and because there were differing oral traditions of

recitation, there was some disagreement as to the correct reading of

many verses. Eventually scripts were developed that used "points" to

indicate vowels. For hundreds of years after Uthman's recension,

Muslim scholars argued as to the correct pointing and reading of

Uthman's unpointed official text, (the rasm). Eventually, most

commentators accepted ten variant readings (qira'at) of the Qur'an as

canonical, while agreeing that the differences are minor and do not

greatly affect the meaning of the text.

The form of the Qur'an most used today is the Al-Azhar text of 1923,

prepared by a committee at the prestigious Cairo university of Al-Azhar.

The Qur'an early became a focus of Muslim devotion and eventually a

subject of theological controversy. In the 8th century, the Mu'tazilis


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claimed that the Qur'an was created in time and was not eternal. Their

opponents, of various schools, claimed that the Qur'an was eternal and

perfect, existing in heaven before it was revealed to Muhammad. The

Mu'tazili position was supported by caliph Al-Ma'mun. The caliph

persecuted, tortured, and killed the anti-Mu'tazilis, but their belief

eventually triumphed and is held by most Muslims of today. Only

reformist or liberal Muslims are apt to take something approaching the

Mu'tazili position.

Most Muslims regard the Qur'an with extreme veneration, wrapping it in

a clean cloth, keeping it on a high shelf, and washing as for prayers

before reading the Qur'an. Old Qur'ans are not destroyed as

wastepaper, but deposited in Qur'an graveyards. The Qur'an is regarded

as an infallible guide to personal piety and community life, and

completely true in its history and science.

From the beginning of the faith, most Muslims believed that the Qur'an

was perfect only as revealed in Arabic. Translations were the result of

human effort and human fallibility, as well as lacking the inspired poetry

believers find in the Qur'an. Translations are therefore only

commentaries on the Qur'an, or "translations of its meaning", not the

Qur'an itself.


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THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

"Shahadah"

The Testimony that there is none worthy of worship except God and that

Muhammad is his messenger ("to witness" or "to testify") is the name of

the Islamic creed. It is the declaration of belief in the oneness

ofGod (tawhid) and acceptance ofMuhammad as God's prophet. The

declaration in its shortest form reads:

There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God. (in English)

In Shia Islam, the creed is expanded with the addition of a phrase

concerning Ali at the end, although it is not obligatory

According to our interview they said that there is only one God the creator

which is Allah and He is the one who mad with Jesus Christ and we respect

that because we all have different perspective and insights regarding

religion differences.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophets_in_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophets_in_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam


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" Salah"

Establishing of the five daily Prayers (salah).

Conditions

are Muslim, are of sound mind, have reached the age of 10 (beginning at

age seven is recommended).

Each Salah is made up of a repeating unit or cycle called a raka'ah. The

number of raka'ahs for the five daily worship can be found below. A basic

raka'ah is made up of these parts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raka%27ahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah#The_five_daily_prayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Salat_positions.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah#The_five_daily_prayershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raka%27ah


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Zakat

The Giving of Zakaah (charity), which is one fortieth (2.5%) of the net worth

of possessions kept for more than a year, with few exemptions, for every

Muslim whose wealth exceeds the nisab, and 10% or 20% of the produce

from agriculture. This money or produce is distributed among the poor.

Ramadhan

Fasting from dawn to dusk in the month of Ramadan (sawm).

Haji

The Pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca during the month of Dhul Hijjah, which is

compulsory once in a lifetime for one who has the ability to do it.


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PERCENTAGE OF MUSLIM IN

STA.CRUZ PILGRIMAGE TOMECCA

Our groups mind came into a curiosity if the Muslim had actually went

already to the pilgrimage land which is in Mecca these presentation and

analysis of data regarding the percentage of Muslim who had already visited

Mecca.


Does all the Islam faithful believers actually follows the pilgrimage to Mecca?


We hypothesize that not all of the individuals making up the Muslim

Community here in Sta. Cruz


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DESIGN OF THE STUDY

Our group uses a survey instrument to answer the following questions on

what the percentage of Muslim in Sta.Cruz Zambales who followed the 5th

pillar which is Hajji or what is known as the pilgrimage to Mecca and we only

gathered only 10 Muslim respondents to answer our given questionnaire.


Table 5

Nakapunta ka na ban g

Mecca? OO HINDI

Out of 10 respondents 1 9

Percentage 10% 90%

This table shows that out of ten (10) Muslim only one (1) of them already

visited and pilgrimaged in Mecca but there are actually nine (9) for every


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ten (10) muslim in Sta.Cruz who still did not yet visited Mecca for the

fulfillment of the fifth(5th

) pillar which refers to Hajji.

PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS: There are at least 10% of the Muslim Society who

are living in this town-Sta.Cruz who already visited and took a heartful and

faithful pilgrim at the Mecca but still 90% of them still not yet journeyed

within the most sanctified and sacred place of Muslim The Mecca.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

YES

NO


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THIS pie graph shows that there is a very much big difference for those who

didnt been at Mecca almost 80% difference for those who already

experienced a pilgrimaged in Mecca.

INSIGHT

Our group thought that there are some factors which made the Muslim

society living here to decide not first to go to Mecca since the first reason

for us was its geographical location which is very far and miles and miles

away. Secondly was the lack of financial requirements to go there although

we know the Muslims were at the status of being in a good quality of life

their money still not that big for a traveling that far. Thirdly is the reason of

being busy, being busy in a way that they are very much engage in business

and lastly some were just planning to go there and still saves money or find

the perfect time for them to travel Arab.


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STORY LINE: OUR SALAH

EXPERIENCE

As weve that Salah is an Establishing of the five daily Prayers (salah).

Our other group mates especially Ronnel (your majesty) Santi and Jason

Millan experienced joining on how Muslim pray because exactly at 3:00 pm

(Philippine Time) as we interview Muslim they were all gathering in Mosque

for a three o clock prayer we were invited by the Muslim first it is a hard for

us to enter the mosque-the place of their worship because as stated earlier

that one of the conditions in doing the salah was should be a muslim but

their Imam as well as their leader invited us.Let me describe and narrate the

things we experienced!

At first before entering the Mosque and took a prayer we clean up first at

the comfort room near there is a place for cleaning the face and even the

genitals should be clean. It is quite smelly but still life must go on While

cleaning the Imam calls us from the Mosque.


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After cleaning up we went to the mosque the mosque was chairless and very

silent and you can feel the sanctity first we lined up and that line we made

should be straight line and you should avoid to roam around and we just

follow what the Imam did and it took around twenty minutes to finish a

three o clock shahada prayer.

It was a very nice and a first time experience even though I am not a Muslim

I experienced what they did but I noticed that most men were the only one

who are joining the prayer and no women who joined an our realized that

men are more religious than women in Islam as ONLY our conclusion.

With that conclusion we came to a point to survey on how the muslim are

very religious and our group provided some questionnaire to find the

answers regarding the level of religiosity of Muslim Community.


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PERCENTAGE SHOWING HOW

MUSLIM WERE RELIGIOUS?

Ilang beses ka

nagdadasal/nagsasamba

sa isang linggo

wala 1-3 4-6 7-10 Higit

0 1 0 3 6

Percentage 0% 10% 0% 30% 60%

This table shows that there are about 6 (six) Muslims who attend the mass

in Mosque that is estimated over 10 (ten) times a week while there are 3 of

them who just attend the Salah seven to ten times a week and in every ten

persons one of them attends Mosque every one to three times a week. But it

is a surprise that they attend the Salah every week since that no Muslim

breaks the week without going to mass.


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This graph shows the comparison on how many times does the Muslim living

here goes to the Mosque to pray (Salah) and as you can see that most of

them are actively participating the praise for Allah every week and in every

10 Muslim only few attends the mass in one to three time a week.

As a conclusion in this graphic presentation it only shows muslims are very

religious since that they attend the mass every week.And as we can observe

they are really faithful and religious from the rules of the dress to the

strictness of the purity in entering the Mosque.Thats how the culture of

muslim differs from us Christians.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

wala 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 to 10 higit


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CHAPTER 7

Beliefs and Traditions

Muslim Thesis

Documents

Transcript of Muslim Thesis