It is a system of musical It is a system of musical instrument classification instrument classification

devised by devised by Erich Moritz vonErich Moritz von

which is the most widelywhich is the most widely

HornbostelHornbostel and and Curt SachsCurt Sachs

used system forused system for classifying classifying musical instrumentsmusical instruments

by ethnomusicologists and by ethnomusicologists and organologists organologists (people who study (people who study

musical instruments).musical instruments).

HOW TO IDENTIFY ANHOW TO IDENTIFY ANINSTRUMENT’S INSTRUMENT’S

CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION? ?

-- Know the source of the Know the source of the sound or the part that sound or the part that

vibrates to produce the vibrates to produce the sound.sound.

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

1. 1. IDIOPHONESIDIOPHONES Which part of the instrument Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?vibrates to produce sound?

ClaveClave

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

1. 1. IDIOPHONESIDIOPHONES Which part of the instrument Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?vibrates to produce sound?

MaracasMaracas

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

1. 1. IDIOPHONESIDIOPHONES Which part of the instrument Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?vibrates to produce sound?

GuiroGuiro

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

1. 1. IDIOPHONESIDIOPHONES Which part of the instrument Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?vibrates to produce sound?

GlockenspielGlockenspiel

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

1. 1. IDIOPHONESIDIOPHONES Which part of the instrument Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?vibrates to produce sound?

MbiraMbira

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

1. 1. IDIOPHONESIDIOPHONES Which part of the instrument Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?vibrates to produce sound?

-- sound is primarily produced by thesound is primarily produced by the

body of the instrument vibrating, body of the instrument vibrating,

rather than a string, membrane, or rather than a string, membrane, or column of air. column of air.

actualactual

In essence, this group In essence, this group includes all includes all percussion instruments percussion instruments apart from drumsapart from drums, as well as some other , as well as some other instruments. instruments.

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

22.. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?

GuitarGuitar

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

22.. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?HarpHarp

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

22.. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?

ErhuErhu

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

22.. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONES Which part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?

ViolinViolin

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

22.. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?

GayageumGayageum

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

22.. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?

ValihaValiha

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

22.. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?

InangaInanga

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

2. 2. CHORDOPHONESCHORDOPHONES

Which part of the instrument vibrates to Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?

-- sound is primarily produced by the sound is primarily produced by the

vibration of a string or strings. vibration of a string or strings. This group This group

includes all instruments generally called includes all instruments generally called string instruments in the west, as well as string instruments in the west, as well as many (but not all) keyboard instruments, many (but not all) keyboard instruments, such as pianos and harpsichords. such as pianos and harpsichords.

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. AEROPHONESAEROPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the

instrument vibrates to instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?

TrumpetTrumpet

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. AEROPHONESAEROPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the

instrument vibrates to instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?

ShakuhachiShakuhachi

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. AEROPHONESAEROPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the

instrument vibrates to instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?

OcarinaOcarina

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. AEROPHONESAEROPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the

instrument vibrates to instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?

TongaliTongali

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. AEROPHONESAEROPHONESWhich part of the Which part of the

instrument vibrates to instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?OboeOboe

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

3. 3. AEROPHONESAEROPHONES

Which part of the instrument vibrates to Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?

-- sound is primarily produced by the sound is primarily produced by the

vvibratingibrating air.air. The instrument itself does The instrument itself does

not vibrate, and there are no vibrating not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membrane.strings or membrane.

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. MEMBRANOPHONESMEMBRANOPHONES Which part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates to instrument vibrates to

produce sound?produce sound?

BodhranBodhran

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. MEMBRANOPHONESMEMBRANOPHONES Which part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates to instrument vibrates to

produce sound?produce sound?

TablaTabla

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. MEMBRANOPHONESMEMBRANOPHONES Which part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates instrument vibrates to produce sound?to produce sound?

DarbukaDarbuka

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

33.. MEMBRANOPHONESMEMBRANOPHONES Which part of the Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?instrument vibrates to produce sound?

DabakanDabakan

FOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONSFOUR MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS::

44. . MEMBRANOPHONESMEMBRANOPHONES

Which part of the instrument vibrates to Which part of the instrument vibrates to produce sound?produce sound?

-- sound is primarily produced by the sound is primarily produced by the

vibration vibration of tightly stretched membrane. of tightly stretched membrane.

This group includes all drums covered This group includes all drums covered with animal skin.with animal skin.

SUMMARYSUMMARY

MembranophoneMembranophone

IdiophoneIdiophone

ChordophoneChordophone

AerophoneAerophone

CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

Vibration of a tightly Vibration of a tightly

stretched membrane or stretched membrane or

skinskin

Actual Actual bodybody of the of the

instrument is vibratinginstrument is vibrating

Vibrating Vibrating stringstring or or

strings strings

Vibrating column of Vibrating column of airair

SOURCE OF SOUNDSOURCE OF SOUND