Music of the Neo-Classical Period

8/10/2019 Music of the Neo-Classical Period

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Music of the

Classical Peri1720-1827


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The Classical Music


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What is Classical music?

The Classical music period occurred between the Baroque anRomantic periods and is generally accepted as being between 1750

1820.

Unlike Baroque music, Classical music is simpler. This is bec

Classical music has lighter, clearer texture. Emotional content was

present but composers never allowed it to obscure clarity as well a

formal structure of music. As heard in Beethovens Moonlight So

the melodic line of Classical music is easier to distinguish. A listen

also sense changes in emotional presentations as characterized by

variations in speed, volume, and number of notes played in each

measure.


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Significant Events that Led to the Advent of theClassical Era

Domenico Scarlatti, an Italian composer, was an importantfigure in the transition from Baroque to Classical. His style of

composing is intensely related to that of early Classical period.

The Spanish Antonio Soler composed keyboard sonatas that

are varied in form with some pieces in three or four movements.


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Another important break with Baroque

music was the radical overhaul of the

opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck, who

streamlined a great deal of layering and

improvisational ornament and focused on

the points of modulation and transition.

Variety of keys, melodies, rhythms, and

dynamics along with frequent changes of

mood and timbre are found in the Classical

period music compositions of Christoph

Gluck.


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Instrumental Forms


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Single Movement Instrumental Forms

Binary form is characterized by the presence of two complerelated melodic sections of equal duration. Though still founera compositions, the use of the binary form was no longer a

was during the Baroque period.

Ternary form is frequently employed, especially for slow movthe form is often called three-part song form.

Compound ternary form is almost invariably used for the danmovements of Classical symphonies and other instrumental wreferred to either asMinuetand trioform or Scherzo and Trio (tronly three).

Fugal form is more common for Classical composers to use

techniques in the framework of another form.


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Different Vocal Forms

SINGLE MOVEMENTVOCAL FORMS

Recitative

Aria

Song

Chorus

MULTI-MOVEMEVOCAL FORM

Opera

Religious musi


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Franz Joseph Haydn

He is remembered as a

great Classical symphonist and composer who invented the s

quartet. Known as the principal engineer of the classical style

exerted influence on composers like Mozart, Schubert, Mende

Brahms, and a score of others, Haydns most celebrated pupi

famous Ludwig van Beethoven.

At age eight, Haydn sang in the choir at St. Stephens

Vienna, Austria where he went on to learn to play the violin an

keyboard. When Haydn left the choir, he supported himself by

and playing violin, while studying counterpoint and harmony.


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In 1967, Haydn was named Kapellmeisteror court

musician at the palace of the influential Estarhzy family, a

position that financially supported him for nearly 30 years. It

was Haydns isolation in the palace from other composers and

musical trends that made it possible for Haydn to accordingly,forced to become original.

Haydn eventually wrote as much music for publication

as for the Estarhzy family. Several important works of this

period were commissions from abroad, such as the Paris

symphonies (1785-1786) and the original orchestral version of

The Seven Last Words of Christ (1786). Haydn later accepted

an invitation to go to England to conduct new symphonies.

Audiences gathered to Haydns concerts. It was during his time

in England where Haydn produced some of his best-known works, in

Rider quartet and the Surprise, Military, Drumroll, and London symp

upon by people as a public figure, Haydn returned to Vienna in 1795

composed or made public appearances. Haydn died at age 77.


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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

He was a prolific and influential

composer of the Classical era. Mozarts

Father, Leopold Mozart, was also a Musician and a minor comp

family traveled to different cities in Europe where Mozart met a

notable composers of the time. Writing his first composition at a

Mozart wrote over 600 compositions which are acknowledged a

symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral m

Like Franz Joseph Haydn, Mozarts music is regarded as

example of the Classical style.

Mozarts music style development paralleled the develop

classical style. He composed for almost every major genre, incl

symphony, opera, the solo concerto, chamber music including s

and string quintet, and the piano sonata. While none of these ge

new, the piano concerto was almost single-handedly developed


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Many important composers

time have expressed profound app

Mozart. One of these is Ludwig vawho used Mozarts styles as a mod

his compositions. An example is B

Piano Concerto No.4 in G major.

believed to have influenced even t

contemporary music. An example

Bohemian Rhapsody. His influenfound in the music of famous jazz

Corea who has performed piano c

Mozart, as well as in the music of d

guitarist and composer Trey Azagt

band Morbid Angel.


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Mozarts Compositions

PIANO CONCERTO

1. Piano Concerto No.1 in F major, K. 37

2. Piano Concerto No.2 in B-flat major, K.39

3. Piano Concerto No.3 in D major, K.40

4. Piano Concerto No.4 in G major, K.41

5. Three Piano Concertos in D major, Gmajor and E-flat major, K. 107

VIOLIN CONCERTO

1. Violin Concerto No.1 in207 (1775)

2. Violin Concerto No.2 in(1775)

3. Violin Concerto No.3 in

(1775)

4. Violin Concerto No.4 in(1775)


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SYMPHONY CONCERTO

1. Symphony No.14 in A major, K. 114(1771)

2. Symphony No.15 in G major, K. 124(1172)

3. Symphony No.16 in C major, K. 128(1172)

4. Symphony No.17 in G major, K. 129(1772)

5. Symphony No.18 in F major, K. 130(1772)

HORN CONCERTO

1. Horn Concerto No.1 in (1791)

2. Horn Concerto No.2 in 417 (1783)

3. Horn Concerto No. 3 in 447 (c. 1784-87)

4. Horn Concerto No. 4 in 495 (1786)


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Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)

He was a German composer andpianist. A crucial figure in the transitionbetween the Classical and Romanticeras in Western art music, he remainsone of the most famous and influentialof all composers. His best known

compositions include 9 symphonies, 5concertos for piano,32 piano sonatas,and 16 string quartets. He alsocomposed other chamber music, choralworks (including the celebrated Missa

Solemnis), and songs.


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Born in Bonn, then the capital of

the Electorate of Cologne and part of the

Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven

displayed his musical talents at an early

age and was taught by his father Johann

van Beethoven and Christian GottlobNeefe. During his first 22 years in Bonn,

Beethoven intended to study with

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and

befriended Joseph Haydn. Beethoven

moved to Vienna in 1792 and began

studying with Haydn, quickly gaining a

reputation as a virtuoso pianist. About

1800, his hearing began to deteriorate,

and by the last decade of his life, he was

almost totally deaf. He gave up

conducting and performing in public but

continued to compose. Many of his most

admired works come from this period. He


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What is the role of Classicalmusic in contemporary

times?


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Contrary to what people think, Classical music is all around us. Cmusic is everywhere around us --- in movies, television shows, tecommercials, the internet, mobile devices (such as cell phones, p

music players, etc.), schools and minds of people who cherish

There are in fact rock bands that incorporated Classical instrumeelements in their compositions. Theses are the Beatles, Chicag

Blood, Sweat and Tears. The compositions made by these grounot entirely Classical but the presence of Classical element ad

something special in the compositions other than the harmony okeyboard, drums and lead guitar.

Music of the Neo-Classical Period

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