Music and Space

Institute of Musicology

University of Hamburg

Kinds of Spaces

• Acustical Space (Reverberation time T60, Interaural Cross Correlation IACC, Echodensity, Definiteness D80, Head, Head-Related Transfer function ect.)

• Psychological Space (Tonal Space, Timbre Space, Instrument positions ect.)

• Semantic Space (Form, narrative time, genre space, ect.)

Investigations

Material:1) Measurements in Hamburg clubs and

concert hallsParametersa) T60 – Size of spaceb) IACC – Width of spacec) Echodensity – attributes of spaced) Fractal Correlation Dimension – complexity of spacee) Multidimensionale Scaling (MDS) Perceptual

Dimension of Space

Investigations

2) 150 Musical Pieces (15-sekunds excerpts), 5 genres á 30 pieces

Parameters:

Semantic Perception, 11 similar adjectives

a) Echodensity – spatial complexity

b) IACC – size of space

c) Fractal Correlation Dimension – Tonal Space

IACC Flutes

1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms

0 .7 4

0 .7 6

0 .7 8

0 .8 0

0 .8 2

0 .8 4

IACCD iz i D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d

1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms

0 .8 4

0 .8 6

0 .8 8

0 .9 0

0 .9 2

IACCS h a k uh a tc h i D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d

1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms

0 .1

0 .2

0 .3

0 .4

0 .5

0 .6

0 .7

IACCS h a k uh a tc h i o ve rb low n D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d

1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0Time ms

0 .6

0 .5

0 .4

0 .3

IACCS u ling D um m y H ead 2 h o le s c lo s e d

IACC Saxophone

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Tenor Saxophone c

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Tenor Saxophone c1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Tenor Saxophone c2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Tenor Saxophone e

IACC Blues harp

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Harp g

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Harp e

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Harp c3

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900T im e ms

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0IA C C

Harp c2

Sound pressureDizi Flute

IACCDizi

Sound pressureViolin

IACCViolin

EchodensityMusikhalle

0 s 1.5 s 3 s

EchodensityMarx

0 s 1.5 s 3 s

EchodensityBass Drum

0 s 0.7 s 1.5 s

EchodensityGuitar low open E-string

0 s 1 s 2 s

EchodensityViolin, low open G-string

0 s 1 s 2 s

EchodensityShakuhachi

0 s 1 s 2 s

EchodensityBell

0 s 1 s 2 s

Clubs and Concert Halls

T60 Centroid

Fabrik 1.3 s 3118 Hz

Markthalle 1.5 s 2941 Hz

Marx 0.7 s 3300 Hz

Metropolis 0.7 s 2877 Hz

Musikhalle 2.2 s 3229 Hz

Staatsoper 1.3 s 3422 Hz

D50 / D80D50 D80

Fabrik 0.70 1.37

Markthalle 0.62 1.20

Marx 1.58 3.52

Metropolis 1.41 3.51

Musikhalle 0.38 0.74

Staatsoper 0.51 1.11

Musikhalle

MDS Musikhalle

Dim 1 2 3 4 5

Stress 0.39194 0.21564 0.14741 0.09633 0.06732

Percent 61 % 78 % 85 % 90 % 93 %

Fraction of

Whole perception

61 % 17 % 7 % 5 % 3 %