MUSIC AND IDENTITY: CONNECTIONS BETWEEN MUSIC AND IDENTITY FORMATION IN TEENAGERS By Carly Haines & Nadine Schneider

BTMM 8441; Prof. Lombard

April 23, 2009

Music & Identity

Marilyn Manson: Pure Evil or Pure Genius

Music & Identity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6O4sw4NmMM

Theories of Music Influences

Music & Identity

Social Learning Theory: Children and teenagers take what they see and use it as a reference for later actions. By identifying with different media or performers and the content, the consumer takes the information from the content and and make into their own.

Excitation Transfer Theory: Suggests media are stimuli that excite the potential aggression or violent behaviors that might lead teens to interpreting these expressions in harmful or destructive ways.

Displacement Theory: Used to understand the way audiences transfer and change their media patterns once a new medium is introduced. They pass the way they use one media as a guide on how to use the other.

Social Uses of Music

Music & Identity

clubbing, partying, and in the ritual of preparing to go out. Music sets the mood.

“As a medium, music provides a prime example of the cultural and social shifts between the private space of the bedroom and public spaces such as the pub or club” (Lincoln, 2005, p.403).

Self-Expression and Identity

“Music is a key vehicle for the expression and contestation of cultural identities at both a collective and personal level” (Baker, 2001, 360).

Genres of Music: goth, punk, heavy-metal, gangsta rap, hip-hop, folk.

Gangsta Rap: Snoop Dogg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6TUhx2wX0M

Heavy Metal: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8F_KaILW6g&feature=channel_page

Music & Identity http://yourhereblog.mtv.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/costa500.jpg

Emo: A Culture of Its Own

Music & Identity

•Emo: What it really is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxG7SQTRTec&feature=related•Some call this Emo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtzNeSiVQeQ&feature=related•“Mainstream” Emo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLlOxxfWXxw&feature=channel

Emo Examples:

Music & Identity

Politics and Music

“Our kids will probably protest too. Protest is an old thing. There is always a need for protest songs. You just gotta tap it.” --Bob Dylan

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCDNaP11hwM

Examples of Music and Politics:

Live AID 1985/2005; Vietnam War Woodstock 1969Green Day’s American IdiotInauguration 2009 concert

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLKKGHrGMxQ&feature=related

Music & Identity

Politics and Music continued…

Inauguration 2009 “This Land is Your Land”

-song by Woody Guthrie

-performed in the 1960s by

Bob Dylan and many others

-Woody Guthrie used music as a form of activism (in the 1930s - 1950s) and his songs “…reflect his desire to give voice to those who had been disenfranchised” http://www.woodyguthrie.org/biography/biography3.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5KnYADCSms

Music & Identity

Politics and Music continued…

Women in MusicRiot grrrl was a manifestation of the feminist movement within the music industry to address “the threat of sexual violence, the need for spaces of creativity and communication, [and] the exclusivity of male subcultures” (Moore, 2007, p. 463).

The presence of women in music gives girls the opportunity to see themselves as musicians and artists.

Music & Identity

http://www.learntheguitarnow.com/img/public/courtney-love.jpg

Behavior and Music

Music & Identity

Columbine High School Massacre April 20, 1999

- The shootings by Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were blamed on their outsider status and violent media. Specifically, some accused Marilyn Manson of having a negative influence on these two kids.

- After the shootings, some schools became hyper vigilant with banning anything “goth”, and this caused some discrimination (Goldberg, 1999).

- A recent article (that talks about a new book on the subject) focused on the idea that their plans were so far reaching and elaborate that the only plausible explanation is that Harris and Klebold were psychologically disturbed (Toppo, 2009).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90xJVOUuV-I

Questions

Music & Identity

Does music affect teenagers? Or do the music preferences of teenagers reflect the identity they wish to project to the world?

Were you ever restricted in the types of music you could listen to?

Did anyone listen to Marilyn Manson or other artists who are considered “taboo”? What was your reason for listening? The music (beat, tempo, instruments) or the lyrics (relate to the feeling and themes presented)?

Is the research overlooking any aspect you think is pertinent to the study of music and children?

Does our culture need pop (mainstream) music as a way for large groups of people to share music together?

Does an artist lose credibility when his or her music reaches mainstream status? If so, why?

References

Music & Identity

Ali, L. (2008, December 12). Green Day’s ‘American Idiot’. Newsweek ,125(25), 52-53 Retrieved on February 17, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

Baker, S. (2001). ‘Rock on, Baby!’: pre-teen girls and popular music. Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 15(3), 360-371. Retrieved on February 11, 2009 from Communication & Mass Media Complete.

Billboard (2009) Billboard Top 100." Billboard.com. Retrieved on April 15, 2009 from http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=The+Billboard+Hot+100

Christenson, P. (1994). Childhood Patterns of Music Uses and Preferences. Communication Reports, 7(2), 136-144. Retrieved on February 11, 2009, from Communication & Mass Media Complete.

Diner, R. (2001). Things to do with the “F” word: the ironic and unruly adventures of Liz Phair and Courtney Love. Canadian Women Studies, 20(4)/21(1), 76-81. Retrieved on February 10, 2009, from Gender Watch database.

Ferguson, D. A., Greer, C. F., Reardon, M.E. (2007). Uses and gratifications of MP3 players by college students: Are iPods more popular than radio? Journal of Radio Studies 14(2), 102-121. Retrieved on April 5, 2009, from Communication & Mass Media Complete database.

References

Music & Identity

Fong-Torres, B. (1976). Bob Dylan: Knocking on Dylan’s Door. In Ben Fong-Torres (Ed.), What’s That Sound? (pp. 148-168). Anchor Press: Garden City, NY.

Goldberg, C. (1999, May 1). The shunned: For those who dress differently, an increase in being seen as abnormal. New York Times on the web. Retrieved on March 16, 2009, from http://www.evilcon.net/media/nyt.html

Halnon, K. B. (2005). Alienation incorporated: ‘F*** the Mainstream Music’ in the mainstream. Current Sociology (53), 441-464. Retrieved on March 17, 2009, from Sage Publications.

Henthoff, N. (1976). Bob Dylan: The Rolling Thunder Review. In Ben Fong-Torres (Ed.), What’s That sound? (pp. 169-188). Anchor Press: Garden City, NY.

Lincoln, S. (2005). Feeling the noise: Teenagers, bedrooms and music. Leisure Studies, 24(4), 399-414. Retrieved on February 15, 2009, from Academic Search Premier.

McClung, S., Pompper, D., & Kinnally, W. (2007). The Functions of Radio for Teens: Where Radio Fits Among Youth Media Choices. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 15(2), 103-119. Retrieved on February 11, 2009, from Communication & Mass Media Complete.

References

Music & Identity

Maarten, H. W., Selfhout, M. J. M. H., Delsing, T. F. M. ter Bogt, Meeus, W. H. J. (2008). Heavy Metal and Hip-Hop Style Preferences and Externalizing Problem Behavior: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study. Youth & Society, 39, 435-452. Retrieved on March 17, 2009, from Sage Publications. Moore, M. (Producer/Writer/Director). (2002). Bowling for Columbine [Motion picture]. United States: Alliance Atlantis and United Artists.

Roberts, D.F., & Christenson, P.G. (2001). Popular Music in Childhood and Adolescence. In Handbook of Children and the Media. Ed. D.G. Singer & J.L. Singer. (p.395-413). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Ryalls, E. (2007). Emo Subculture: An Examination of the Kids, Music and Style that Form Emo Subculture. Clemson University. Retrieved on February 11, 2009, from Communication & Mass Media Complete.

Timmerman, L. M., Allen, M., Jorgensen, J., Herrett-Skjellu, J., Kramer, M. R., Ryan, D.J. (2008). A review and meta-analysis examining the relationship of music content with sex,race, priming, and attitudes. Communication Quarterly 56 (3), 303 – 324. Retrieved on February 24, 2009, from Communication & Mass Media Complete.

Toppo, G. (2009, April 14). 10 years later, the real story behind Colmbine. USA Today. Retrieved on April 15, 2009, from http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-04-13-columbine-myths_N.htm?se=yahoorefer

Ullestad, N. (1992). Diverse rock rebellions subvert mass media hegemony. In R. Garofalo (Ed.),Rockin’ the boat: Mass music and mass movements (pp. 37-65). South End Press, Boston.

References

Music & Identity

http://www.ilbaluardo.com/Cover/Audio/M%20-%20N%20-%20O/MARILYN%20MANSON%20-%20Mechanical%20animals%20-%20Front.jpg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6O4sw4NmMM http://www.seatwave.com/filestore/SEASON/IMAGE/marilyn-

manson_000784_MainPicture.jpg http://travelblog.viator.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/berlin-punk-things-to-do.jpg http://www.telegraph.co.uk/telegraph/multimedia/archive/00639/news-graphics-

2007-_639366a.jpg http://yourhereblog.mtv.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/costa500.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8F_KaILW6g&feature=channel_page http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6TUhx2wX0M http://chester.blig.ig.com.br/imagens/emo.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLlOxxfWXxw&feature=channel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtzNeSiVQeQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxG7SQTRTec&feature=related http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/101933-004-A0177066.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLKKGHrGMxQ&feature=related http://socklady.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/peteseeger.jpg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5KnYADCSms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCDNaP11hwM