’60s Civil Rights MovementsThe Civil Rights movements that began in the

1950s grew and made significant achievements in the 1960sThe Civil Rights Act of 1964

Forbade discrimination in public placesBanned discrimination in federally funded programs

Everyone did not initially comply, especially states in the south

Civil Rights MovementsMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) Preacher and leader of the civil rights movement of the

50s & 60s Known for advocating non-violent protest, modeled after

the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi Led a successful boycott of Montgomery, Alabama bus

drivers in 1955 Led the famous 1963 march on Washington

“I Have a Dream” speech

Alabama march 3200 participants 25,000 heard his speech in Montgomery

The Selma to Montgomery, Alabama Civil Rights Marches

These three marches which took place in 1965 are the pinnacle of the civil rights movement

Goal = to ensure fair black voter registration

Intension: to bring the civil rights issues to Governor Wallace’s attention

The Selma to Montgomery Civil Rights Marches

During the first march, called “Bloody Sunday”, 600 marchers were attacked by local police with Billy clubs and tear gas

Only the 3rd march attempt made it to Montgomery and it took 5 days

’60s Civil Rights MovementMany, including the leader of

the early 60s civil rights movement desired integration for all people

“I must make it very clear…that I'm against discrimination and segregation whether it's toward a Negro, or Mexican or a Jew or Catholic or wherever it is. I think injustice toward any people is a threat to justice for all people. I'm against discrimination.” – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

MotownMotown was the sound of integration advocated by Martin Luther King Jr.

Motown RecordsNamed after Motor Town, Detroit, Michigan

where the company was headquarteredBerry Gordy – founderCompany is based on the assembly-line

concepts of auto factoriesEach artist/group went through an assembly-line of

grooming, coaching and refining“Motown became the first African American-

owned label that consistently and successfully groomed, packaged, marketed, and sold the music of African-American youths to the white American masses”

MotownBerry Gordy sought a formula that would appeal to all

ethnicities He sent his performers to refining schools and etiquette classes

The Motown Sound Pounding beat Vocals were stripped of any ghetto influence He used the sound quality of a car radio for the production

qualityTwo of Motown’s most active song writers:

Smokey Robinson Marvin Gaye Holland – Dozier - Holland

Motown

Berry Gordy produced girl groups, boy groups, former doo-whoppers, family groups, and individuals who all became the staple of the Motown sound. The Supremes The Temptations The Four Tops Marvin Gaye Smokey Robinson and the Miracles The Jackson Five Little Stevie Wonder

Groups were often choreographed and dressed in similar outfits The Supremes were almost as well known for what they wore

than for what they sang

The Supremes

Smokey Robinson & The Miracles

The Four Tops

Marvin Gaye

Martha and the Vandellas

The Jackson Five

Little Stevie Wonder

Little Stevie Wonder (b. 1950)

Born Steveland MorrisThe wonder-child of Motown

Recorded his first Album The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie in 1962 – he was only 12 years old“Uptight” (Everything’s Alright) – Top Ten hit in 1966

We will re-visit him later in the semester.

Motown

Their subject matter was not initially as controversial as some white groups in the 1960sLoveNovelty Light-hearted topics

“Stop in the Name of Love” – The Supremes“My Girl” – The Temptations“ABC” – The Jackson Five

Marvin Gaye’s music

By the early 1970s he had become tired of the formula of Motown and produced his own albums

His subject matter became more meaningful and political “What’s Going On?” 1971 – Told from the perspective of a

returning Vietnam veteranOn the album of the same name – one of the first to address these

issues “Mercy, Mercy Me” – about the destruction of the

environmentThese songs put Gaye more in the soul category than the Motown

modelMarvin Gaye was shot and killed by his father in 1984

when his father was high on drugs – He was 45.

“What’s Going On” Marvin Gaye 1971

Mother, motherThere's too many of you cryingBrother, brother, brotherThere's far too many of you dyingYou know we've got to find a wayTo bring some lovin' here today - Ya

Father, fatherWe don't need to escalateYou see, war is not the answerFor only love can conquer hateYou know we've got to find a wayTo bring some lovin' here today

Picket lines and picket signsDon't punish me with brutalityTalk to me, so you can seeOh, what's going onWhat's going onYa, what's going onAh, what's going on

(ad lib)

Father, father, everybody thinks we're wrongOh, but who are they to judge usSimply because our hair is longOh, you know we've got to find a wayTo bring some understanding here todayOh

Picket lines and picket signsDon't punish me with brutalityTalk to meSo you can seeWhat's going onYa, what's going onTell me what's going onI'll tell you what's going on - UhRight on babyRight on baby

Acid Rock & the Psychedelic Blues

Acid Rock Named after LSD and psychedelic

drug influence 1967 LSD is in wide use

Lysergic acid diethylamide In ’67 it is still legal

Most Rock albums show some influence Acid Rock artists thought their music

could change the world

Acid Rock Characteristics of Acid Rock

Hidden messages Distortion Gimmicks, and special affects

Wawa pedal – humanlike Fuzz Box Multiple Amps – bigger sound A mixture of the Folk rock and Acid created

acid rock Long jam sessions

Bill Graham Bill Graham

The main promoter and producer of San Francisco Acid Rock

The Filmore was a popular dance hall in the Haight where many bands got their start

Acid Rock Rolling Stone Magazine was

established in 1967 during the height of Acid Rock popularity

1967 was named the “Summer of Love” as the hippie culture, sexual revolution and drug use exploded Over 100,000 people flocked to

Haight-Ashbury

Acid Rock “Rock and Roll is more than just

music. It is the energy center of the new culture and the youth revolution.”

Jefferson Airplane San Francisco city acid rock band

who became the voice of the summer of love “Somebody to Love” an anthem for the

summer of love Their songs lyrics have direct

references to drug use “White Rabbit” - Alice in Wonderland

Slipped past the censors of the 1960s The anthem of the Haight-Ashbury

scene

White Rabbit – Jefferson Airplane 1967

One pill makes you largerAnd one pill makes you smallAnd the ones that mother gives youDon't do anything at allGo ask AliceWhen she's ten feet tallAnd if you go chasing rabbitsAnd you know you're going to fallTell 'em a hookah smoking caterpillarHas given you the callCall AliceWhen she was just small

When men on the chessboardGet up and tell you where to goAnd you've just had some kind of mushroomAnd your mind is moving lowGo ask AliceI think she'll knowWhen logic and proportionHave fallen sloppy deadAnd the White Knight is talking backwardsAnd the Red Queen's "off with her head!"Remember what the dormouse said;“Feed your head”

The Grateful Dead Other bands like The Grateful Dead

had their origins in folk and bluegrass They were the top concert draw in the

US Deadheads Carnival atmosphere, vendors

The Human Be In Held at Golden Gate Park in 1967 “Tune on, Tune in, Drop out” Massive amounts of acid Kool-Aid was

available

“Casey Jones”

Formed in 1966 in Los Angeles LA was somewhat musically empty at the time Jim Morrison and Ray Manzerek met at UCLA They combined Morrison’s poetry with

Manzerek’s music Jim Morrison was an avid reader and a rebel

claimed his parents were dead He saw dead Indians in the desert and felt he was

possessed by an Indian spirit Other band members were Robby Krieger –

guitar, and John Densmore – drums

“Break On Through” was their first hit off their debut, self-titled album in 1967

Their 2nd hit off this album was “Light My Fire” Censored by Ed Sullivan “Girl we

can’t get much higher (better)” Morrison sang it unedited

“The End” also on this album An 12 minute piece an anthem for the acid generation Morrison explores the depths of his

alter ego “The Lizard King”

• You know that it would be untrue,You know that I would be a liar,If I was to say to you,Girl, we couldn't get much higher.

Come on, baby, light my fire,Come on, baby, light my fire.Try to set the night on fire.

The time to hesitate is through,No time to wallow in the mire,Try now, we can only lose,And our love become a funeral pyre.

Come on, baby, light my fire,Come on, baby, light my fire.Try to set the night on fire. Yeah!

• The time to hesitate is through,No time to wallow in the mire,Try now we can only lose,And our love become a funeral pyre.

Come on, baby, light my fire,Come on, baby, light my fire.Try to set the night on fire. Yeah!

You know that it would be untrue,You know that I would be a liar,If I was to say to you,Girl, we couldn't get much higher.

Come on, baby, light my fire,Come on, baby, light my fire.Try to set the night on fire,Try to set the night on fire,Try to set the night on fire,Try to set the night on fire.

“Light My Fire” The Doors 1967