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Baroque Era

(1570) 1600 – 1750 (Bach dies in 1750) (1780)

< Barocco (Portuguese = Misshapen Pearl)

Features of Style:Basso Continuo

Doctrine of Affections – emotions can and will be represented by music

Contrasts of Texture, Tempo, Dynamics

Virtuosity, idiomatic writing for instruments

Nationalistic styles

Fascination with classic mythologies (Greek & Roman) and Old Testament Bible

studies

Melody:

- 

contour (change rapidly from conjuct to disjunct)-  melisma

- 

ornamentation

Rhythm:

-  regular

- 

repetitive motivic patters; measured tremolo, compound meters, double

dotted and notes inegales (unwritten notes)

Harmony:

- 

Soprano/Bass Polarity

- 

figured bass; extravagant chord progressions; dissonance and chromaticism-  Larger works in strict key structures

Texture:

- 

Homophony overshadows counterpoint variations of orchestra

Form:

- 

Opera, Oratoria, Cantata, Solo/Trio Sonata, De Capo Aria (ABA) (D.C. al Fine)

- 

fortspinnung & varying chain/harmonic sequence

-  French overture suite

Missed lecture

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Music that blurs the outlines of tonal progression with modal or chromaticfeatures, conveys moods & emotions around a subject not in detail

Uses parallel chords frequently; offers a snapshot or incomplete single momentas a point of departure

Melody: vague, fleeting, irregular, ostinato-like

Rhythm: BLURRED, mixed meters, ostinato, polyrhythms

Harmony: static chords of 3rd or 4th; unclear chord progressions parallelmovement, stacked complex chords

Texture: more transparent, thinner, lighter, other-worldly

Form: Blurred structure; texture-dominant; random

Color: Lighter, brighter, sparkling, lacy, extended uses of instruments and theiralternates

DISCUSSION REVIEW

Medieval

- 

(400-1400)-  Monophony-  organum – harmony

-  Leonin – 2 part harmony

-  Perotin – 3 part harmony-  Hildegard of Bingen

-  Melismatic, neumatic, syllabic

-  Chant, nonmetric-  Modal

Renaissance-  (1400-1600)

-  Du Fay, Josquin de Prez, Palestrina

-  Melodious, polyphony-  Madrigals – English/Italian

-  Chanson – French-  Chiaroscuro effects – light vs. dark

-  Arch like phrasing (contour)

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 Baroque

-  (1600-1750) (1500-1780 ~ accounting for transition periods)

-  opera, cantata (church)

-  virtuosic (ornate, ornamented, showing off)

- 

fortspinnung – spinning out, push forward-  rapid chord changes-  rapid notes (16th notes), compound meter

-  toccata, fugue

-  bach, handel, Vivaldi (late baroque)-  organ, harpsichord

Classical-  1750-  Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven (also in the romantic era) ~ First Viennese

School-  Fortepiano

-  Structured-  Thematic structure-  Sonata and sonata-allegro form

-  String quartets-  Concerto (started in the baroque, but became popular in the classical era)

~ symphony with a featured soloist

Romantic

- 

Chopin, Liszt (both famous for piano) Schubert, Schumann (both famousfor their song cycles)-  Paganini

-  Song cycles (one voice almost always accompanied by piano)

-  Much more expressive