Kingdom Fungi

Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold, Mildew, Rusts

I. General Characteristics

A. Feeding Pattern = Heterotrophic1. Secretes enzymes

2. Absorbs nutrients

B. Multi-cellular, eukaryotic

Exception: yeast = unicellular

I. General Characteristics

C. Structure = mass of Hyphae (filaments)1. Mass of hyphae underground = mycelium2. Secrete enzymes3. Hyphae surface area, ∴ rate of absorption & growth

Fairy Ring = ring of mushrooms

Mycelium in center

has used up all the

nutrients

I. General Characteristics

D. Cell walls contain chitin (same as

exoskeletons of insects)

E. Habitat = warm, moist

I. General Characteristics

F. Reproduction = BOTH asexual & sexual1. Asexual = spores2. Sexual = fusion of

+ & − hyphae types3. Sporangia (spore cases) made4. Spores made in sporangia

I. General Characteristics

F. Reproduction = BOTH asexual & sexual 5. Exception : Phylum Deuteromycota(Imperfect Fungi)ASEXUAL ONLY6. Exception: Yeast ASEXUAL ONLY (budding) ?s 1-10

I. General Characteristics

G. Ecological Roles1. Decomposition /

recycling of nutrients

2. Food source

3. Help in food / drink production

I. General Characteristics

G. Ecological Roles4. Symbiosisa. Lichens –

cyanobacteria or alga + fungus

I. General Characteristics

G. Ecological Roles4. Symbiosis b. Mycorizzae –

fungus + plant roots rate of

absorption / growth

I. General Characteristics

G. Ecological Roles

5. Pathogens (ringworm, wheat rust,

athlete’s foot)6. Source of Antibiotics

E.g. Penicillin

II . YeastA. Uses = Making food

1. Bread2. Brewing3. Wine4. Soy sauce

B. Repro. by budding

III. Phyla of Fungi

A. ZygomycotaE.g. black

bread mold

III. Phyla of Fungi

B. AscomycotaE.g. yeast, morels, truffles

Truffles

Grow underground, on the roots of oak trees

Cannot be cultivatedVery expensive delicacyHunted with pigs

or dogs

Oak tree roots

Hunting for Truffles

III. Phyla of Fungi

C. BasidiomycotaE.g. most mushrooms,

bracket fungus, puff balls, rusts

Wheat Rust

III. Phyla of Fungi

D. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)

E.g. penicillin,

ringworm,

athlete’s foot

Penicillin (First antibiotic)Discovered by Alexander FlemingIn 1928

?s 11-18

Penicillin on an orange