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Musculoskeletal Pain Reported by Hired Crop Workers in the United States, 1999-2004
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Transcript of Musculoskeletal Pain Reported by Hired Crop Workers in the United States, 1999-2004
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Musculoskeletal Pain Reported by Hired Crop Workers in the United States,
1999-2004
John R. Myers, Larry A. Layne, and Shuhui Wang
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The findings and conclusions in this Presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
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National Agricultural Workers Survey
National survey of hired crop workers in the US
US Department of Labor, Employment Training Administration
Began in 1989
Main focus: crop worker labor force stability, demographics, work histories, and economics
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National Agricultural Workers Survey
Survey of the Continental US--Excludes Hawaii and Alaska
Personal interview in worker’s primary language
Conducted in a location chosen by worker
Core questionnaire and supplemental modules
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National Agricultural Workers Survey
1999-2004 NIOSH occupational health supplemental modules
Injury: 1999, 2002-2004 Musculoskeletal pain: 1999-2004 Dermatitis: 1999-2003 Health conditions: 1999-2004
asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, heart disease, urinary tract infections
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Methods
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Methods Retrospective, cross sectional study
All types of hired crop workers are eligible (settled, migrant, supervisors)
Three rounds of sampling/year
Complex sampling weights Multi-year weight used for this study Analysis via SAS Survey procedures
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Methods
Demographic information on hired crop workers: General: Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity,
Education
Time of interview: Region, Type of worker, US farm work experience, Health problems, Type of crop, Type of work
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Chart TitleGeographic Regions Used by NAWS
East
Southeast
Midwest
Southwest
Northwest
California
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Methods
Musculoskeletal pain module: Number of self-reported complaints of
pain during the past year Farm work-related events only Part of body with pain Lost work time from pain
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Methods
Rates of musculoskeletal pain : Prevalence : workers with 1 or more
complaints per 100 workers Incidence : number of complaints of pain
per 100 Full-Time Equivalents (FTE) Based on weeks of farm work
during the past year 1 FTEWB= 50 weeks
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Results
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Basic Survey Results
Survey response: Operator participation rate: 69% Crop worker participation rate: 94%
Weighted number of respondents (NWT): 15,128 hired crop workers
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Basic Worker Demographics 1999-2004 (NWT=15,128)
78% male Average age = 33 years 76% Mexican 48% citizen or authorized worker 60% <9th grade education 57% settled (do not migrate) 72% with 2 or more years US farm work 35% were in California
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Reports of Musculoskeletal Pain, 1999-2004
Farm work cases only
Workers with 1 or more reports of pain: 2,762 workers Crude prevalence = 18.3%
Musculoskeletal pain complaints (MPC): 4,021 complaints Crude incidence = 43.3 MPC/100 FTEWB
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Number of Musculoskeletal Pain Complaints by Workers With Pain*, 1999-2004 (WorkersWT = 2,762)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Workers
MPC
s by
Wor
kers
With
Pai
n
*16 workers reported multiple complaints for the same body part during the prior year (total of 36 complaints).
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Distribution of Musculoskeletal Pain by Part of Body, 1999-2004 (ComplaintsWT = 4,021)
Other, unknown
Elbow, arm
Hand, wrist, finger
Shoulder, neck
Legs, foot, toe
Back
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
% of Complaints
Part
of B
ody
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Days of Restricted Activity From Musculoskeletal Pain, 1999-2004 (ComplaintsWT = 4,021)
> 60 days
29-60 days
15-28 days
8-14 days
1-7 days
<1 day
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
% of Complaints
Days
of R
estr
icte
d Ac
tivity
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Annual Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain for Hired Crop Workers, 1999-2004
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20040%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Fiscal Year
Prev
alen
ce M
uscu
losk
elet
al P
ain
OR=1.09, Pr>χ2 = 0.001ˆ
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Annual Incidence of Musculoskeletal Pain for Hired Crop Workers, 1999-2004
1999 1999.5 2000 2000.5 2001 2001.5 2002 2002.5 2003 2003.5 20040
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fiscal Year
CMP/
100
FTEW
B
OR=1.03, Pr>χ2 = 0.309ˆ
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Age Group, 1999-2004
<20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60+0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% of Cases Rate
Age Group
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Sex, 1999-2004
Male Female0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Cases Rate
Sex
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Race/Ethnicity, 1999-2004
US White
US Other R
ace
US Hispanic
Mexican
Non-Mexica
n Latino
Other0
10
20
30
40
50
60
01020304050607080
% of Cases Rate
Race/Ethnicity
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Education, 1999-2004
<1st /None 1st-5th 6th-8th 9th-11th 12th/GED Post HS0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% of Cases Rate
Education (Grade)
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Region*, 1999-2004
East Southeast Midwest Southwest Northwest California0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
% of Cases Rate
Region
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
* Region at time of interview. May not reflect region where the cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Type of Worker*, 1999-2004
Settled Follow-the-crop Shuttle0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% of Cases Rate
Type of Worker
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
* Type of worker at time of interview. May not reflect worker’s status when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Work Experience*, 1999-2004
<1 year 1 but <2 years 2 + years0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Cases Rates
US Farm Work Experience
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
* Experience at time of interview. May not reflect worker’s experience when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Number of Existing Health Problems*, 1999-2004
None 1 problem 2 or more problems0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Cases Rates
Health Problems
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
* Health problems at time of interview. May not reflect worker’s health when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Crop*, 1999-2004
Field crops Fruits, nuts Horticulture Vegetables Other/mult.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
% of Cases Rate
Crop
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
* Crop at time of interview. May not reflect crop when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.
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Chart TitlePercentage of Complaints and Incidence Rate of
Musculoskeletal Pain by Task*, 1999-2004
Pre-harvest Harvest Post-harvest Semi-skilled Other0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% of Cases Rate
Task
Com
plai
nts/
100
FTEW
B
% o
f Com
plai
nts
* Task at time of interview. May not reflect task when cases of musculoskeletal pain occurred.
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Summary
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Summary
Musculoskeletal pain from farm work impacted an average of 18.3% of all US hired crop workers annually between 1999-2004.
The average incidence of musculoskeletal pain complaints was even higher—43.3 complaints/100 FTEWB.
While prevalence increased during this 5 year period, annual incidence rates were not statistically different.
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Summary
Musculoskeletal pain was reported in the back most frequently (45% of complaints), followed by the lower extremities (19%).
44% of all reported complaints of musculoskeletal pain resulted in 8 or more days of restricted work activity.
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Summary Groups with a high % of musculoskeletal pain
complaints (ComplaintsWT = 4,021) Workers 20-39 years old (55%) Male (71%) Mexican (76%) Workers with 6th-8th grade education (32%) Workers in California (38%)*
Settled workers (57%)*
Workers with 2+ years of US farm work experience (74%)*
Fruit, nut, vegetable workers (64%)*
* At time of interview.
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Summary Groups at high risk of musculoskeletal pain per
100 FTEWB: Workers <20 years old (62/100) Workers ≥ 50 years old (55/100) Females (68/100) US Hispanics (56/100) Worker with no formal education (67/100) Shuttle migrant workers (70/100)*
Workers with <1 year of US farm work experience (97/100)*
* At time of interview.
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Summary Groups at high risk of musculoskeletal pain per
100 FTEWB (continued): Workers with 1 health problem (70/100)*
Workers with 2 or more health problems (108/100)*
Vegetable workers (51/100)*
Post-harvest workers (57/100)*
* At time of interview.
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Future Work Assess potential demographic and socio-
economic risk factors for incidence of musculoskeletal pain:
Both univariate and multivariate Adjust for weeks of farm work in the
past year Include specific reported health
problems in model Separate models for cases with
different lengths of restricted work activity
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Future Work Examine additional years of NAWS
musculoskeletal pain data: 2008-2010. Re-examine 1999-2004 potential risk
factors Assess long term trends in prevalence
and incidence of musculoskeletal pain
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Questions?