Musculoskeletal disorders among hospital staff, Dr Kanagalakshmi
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Transcript of Musculoskeletal disorders among hospital staff, Dr Kanagalakshmi
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Work Station Evaluation And Proper Ergonomics
Dr. Kanagalakshmi, MD (Com. Medicine)
Staff Student Health Services
Christian Medical College, Vellore
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Outline • Ergonomics
• Components of ergonomics
• Good working posture
• Evaluation of workstation
• Our experience
• Summary
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Ergonomics • Ergonomics is the science of designing a safe, comfortable
and productive workplace
• Matching the job to the worker and the product to the user.
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Components Of Ergonomics
• Physical ergonomics
• Cognitive ergonomics
• Organizational ergonomics
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Physical Ergonomics
• Physical ergonomics is the human body’s responses to physical and physiological work loads.
• Includes repetitive strain injuries from repetition, vibration, force, and posture
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Cognitive Ergonomics
• Cognitive ergonomics deals with the mental processes and human capacities when at work.
• The application of psycology to work.
• Includes mental strain from workload, decision making, human error, and training.
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Organizational Ergonomics
• Organizational ergonomics deals with the organizational structures, policies and processes in the work environment
• Includes team work, motivation, job satisfaction, shift work, scheduling and ethics
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Benefits of Ergonomics
• Decreased injury risk
• Decreased mistakes
• Decreased lost work day
• Increased productivity
• Increased efficiency
• Improved morale
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Ergonomic Risk Factors
• Forceful exertions
• Awkward work postures
• Repetitive motions
• Prolonged activities
• Localized contact stresses
• Segmental vibration
• Temperature extremes.
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Maintain the ‘S’ curve
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Keep everything in easy reach
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Work at proper heights
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Reduce excessive force
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Minimize static and fatigue load
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Minimize pressure points
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Reduce excessive motion
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Provide clearance
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Principles Of Ergonomics
• Move, stretch and exercise
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Posture
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Seating
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Monitor And Keyboard
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Accessories at workstation
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Bad Posture
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Good Posture In Laboratory
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Ergonomics In Pipette
• Maintain straight wrists
• Always have a relaxed but firm grip on the pipette
• Keep elbows and your body close to your work
• For every 15 minutes of pipette work, take a 2 minute break
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Evaluation Methods Observation and scoring • Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) • HSE upper limb risk assessment (posture, repetition, vibration,
force) • NIOSH lifting equation - Risk of low back disorders with repeated
lifting • PLIBEL- A method assigned for identification of ergonomic hazard • Quick Exposure Check (QEC) • Occupation safety and health administration(OSHA ) computer
workstation checklist
Computerised software analysis • Ovako Working posture Assessment System(OWAS) posture, load
and force • PATH (Posture, Activity, Tool and Handling) • Ergonomic analysis (ERGAN) only posture
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Our Experience
• Study was conducted to find the prevalence of neck pain and potential risk factors associated with severe work related neck pain.
• Study was done among the permanent staff in the support services including technicians in all the departments, pharmacist, medical records and computer terminal operators, clerical and administrative staff.
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Methodology
• 600 staff were selected randomly and screened for neck pain using self administered questionnaire
• 206 staff who reported to have neck pain within the last 3 months were invited to participate in evaluation of neck pain in detail addressing the duration, etiology and severity of neck pain.
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Study Tools
Case control:
- Questionnaire
- OSHA checklist for work station
- ICMR psychosocial stress scale
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Prevalence Of Neck Pain
Neck pain – 350, 63%
162, 29 %
44, 8%
Neck pain + 206, 37%
Work Related Neck Pain n=558
Neck pain in last 3months
Severe work related neckpain
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Characteristics Of Pain n=206
168 81.6%
61 29.6%
147 71.4%
152 72.8%
169 82%
178 86.4%
38 37 28
59 54
145
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Attributedpain due to
work
No pain atstart ofwork
Pain at endof work
No neckpain when
out of work
Relieved onrest for 48
hrs
Leave onaccount ofneck pain
No
Yes
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Risk Factors
• 44 (7.8 %) met the criteria set in this study for severe work related neck pain.
• 43 staff with severe work related neck pain and 124 staff with no neck pain were selected for case control study.
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Significant Risk Factors For Severe Work Related Neck Pain
• Female gender
• Being overweight or obese
• Working for more than 3 hours a day with computer
• Lacking job control (control over how a job is performed)
• Job demand (Perceived increased workload)
• Uncomfortable physical work environment
• Job requiring repetitive movements
• Bad work posture
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Significant Risk Factors For Severe Work Related Neck Pain
• Being overweight or obese
• Working for more than 3 hours a day with computer
• Lacking job control (control over how a job is performed)
• Job demand (Perceived increased workload)
• Uncomfortable physical work environment
• Job requiring repetitive movements
• Bad work posture
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Prevention Program
• Preventive program for work related neck pain will be focused on training on good work posture and serial monitoring on posture.
• Frequent micro breaks in between the work time.
• Efforts to increase job control to the staff in planning their work.
• Motivation program to maintain normal BMI
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To summarise….
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References
• Office ergonomics. A practical solution for a safer workplace. WISHA Services Division, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries
• Geoffrey David, Ergonomic methods for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Occupational Medicine 2005;55:190–199
• OSHA Ergonomic Solutions: Computer Workstations e-Tool - Workstation Environment
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Thank You