Musculature System

How Muscles and Bones Interact

1. Skeleton muscles generate force and produce movement only by contracting or pulling on body parts. 2. Individual muscles can only pull; they cannot push. 3. Skeleton muscles are joined to bone by tough connective tissue called tendons. 4. Tendons are attached in such a way that they pull on the bones and make them work like levers. The movements of the muscles and joints enable the bones to act as levers.

5. Most skeletal muscles work in pairs. 6. When one muscle or set of muscles contracts, the other relaxes. 7. The muscles of the upper arm are a good example of this dual action: a flexor, is a muscle that bends a joint, while an extensor is a muscle that straightens a joint.

a. when the biceps muscle (on the front of the upper arm, flexor) contracts, it bends or flexes the elbow joint.

b. when the triceps muscle (on the back of the upper arm, extensor) contracts, it opens, or extends, the elbow joint.

c. a controlled movement requires contraction by both muscles

Involuntary MusclesInvoluntary Muscles

• Involuntary muscles Involuntary muscles are muscles that are are muscles that are not under your not under your conscious control conscious control

• Involuntary muscles Involuntary muscles are responsible for are responsible for activities such as activities such as breathing and breathing and digesting fooddigesting food

Voluntary MusclesVoluntary Muscles

Voluntary muscles are Voluntary muscles are under your control, under your control, you cause your body you cause your body to move to move

• Voluntary muscles Voluntary muscles are used when you are used when you smile, turn a page in a smile, turn a page in a book, get out of your book, get out of your chair etc.chair etc.

Types of MusclesTypes of Muscles

• There are three types of muscle tissue – There are three types of muscle tissue – skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle cardiac muscle

• The skeletal muscles are voluntary The skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles muscles

• The smooth muscle and the cardiac The smooth muscle and the cardiac muscle are involuntarymuscle are involuntary

3 types of muscle under microscope

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle• Skeletal muscles help Skeletal muscles help

you move, they are you move, they are attached to the bones of attached to the bones of your skeleton your skeleton

• At the end of the skeletal At the end of the skeletal muscle is a tendon, which muscle is a tendon, which is a strong connective is a strong connective tissue that connects the tissue that connects the muscle to the bone. muscle to the bone.

• Skeletal muscle cells Skeletal muscle cells appear banded, or appear banded, or striated striated

• One characteristic of One characteristic of skeletal muscles is that skeletal muscles is that they react very quicklythey react very quickly

Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle• Smooth muscles are muscles Smooth muscles are muscles

that you do not control. that you do not control. • Smooth muscles can be Smooth muscles can be

found inside of many internal found inside of many internal organs of the body, such as organs of the body, such as the walls of the stomach and the walls of the stomach and blood vessels blood vessels

• Unlike skeletal muscles, Unlike skeletal muscles, smooth muscles are not smooth muscles are not striated. striated.

• smooth muscles react more smooth muscles react more slowly and tire more slowlyslowly and tire more slowly

Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle

• Cardiac muscle is Cardiac muscle is only found in the only found in the heart heart

• Cardiac muscle is Cardiac muscle is involuntary involuntary

• Cardiac muscles are Cardiac muscles are striated striated

• Cardiac muscles do Cardiac muscles do not get tired and they not get tired and they contract repeatedlycontract repeatedly

Quick Contaction

• Action Potential

• Muscle Contraction

• ehlers-danlo

• myofilament contraction

• Sarcomere Contraction

• ATP Breakdown