Muscular System.pptx

5/24/2018 Muscular System.pptx

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The Muscular System

Maria Ayra Celina Batacan


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Functions:

Movement of the body

Maintenance of posture

Respiration Production of body heat

Communication

Constriction of organs and vessels Contraction of the heart


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Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle:

Excitability ability of skeletal muscle toshorten with force

Contractility capacity of skeletal muscle torespond to a stimulus

Extensibility ability of skeletal muscles tostretch

Elasticity ability of skeletal muscles to recoilto their original resting length


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Structure:

Epimysiummuscle fascia; connective

tissue sheath that surrounds the

skeletal muscle

Muscle fasciculi visible bundles that

compose a muscle; surrounded byPerimysium

One fasciculus is composed of several

muscle cells muscle fibers

Each muscle fiber is surrounded by aloose connective tissue - Endomysium


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Structure:


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Structure:


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Actin Myofilaments:


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Myosin Myofilaments:


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Skeletal Muscle Anatomy:

General Principles:

Muscle is connected to the bone by tendon

Broad, sheetlike tendons aponeuroses

2 points of attachment:

Origin head; most stationary end of muscle

Insertion end of the muscle attached to the bone

undergoing the greatest movement


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Nomenclature:


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1. Direction of Muscle Fibers

Relative to the Midline:

RECTUS= parallel to the

midline

RectusAbdominus

TRANSVERSUS =

perpendicular to midline; at a

right angle to the midline

TransverseAbdominus

OBLIQUE = diagonal to

midline

External Oblique


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2. Location

Structure near which

muscle is found

FRONTALIS= near

FRONTAL bone

OCCIPITALIS= near

OCCIPITAL bone


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3. Size

Relative Size of Muscle

MAXIMUS= largest

GluteusMaximus

MEDIUS = middle

Gluteus Medius

MINIMUS = smallest

Gluteus Minimus

LONGUS = longest

Fibularis Longus

BREVIS= short

Fibularis Brevis

TERTIUS = shortest

Fibularis Tertius


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4. Number of Origins

Number of tendons of

origin

BICEPS = Two

Biceps Brachii

Biceps Femoris

TRICEPS = Three

Triceps Brachii

QUADRICEPS = Four

Quadriceps Femoris


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5. Shape

Relative Shape of theMuscle

DELTOID = triangular

shape TRAPEZIUS =

trapezoid shapeSERRATUS = saw-

toothed

RHOMBOIDEUS =rhomboid shape

TERES = round


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6. Origin & Insertion

Origin attachmentto an immoveablebone

Insertion attachment to amovable bone

ILIOCOSTALIS=

attaches to the ilium& ribs (costal = ribs)


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7. Actions Produced

Abductor

Adductor

Depressor Extensor

Flexor

Levator Rotator


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Head and Neck Muscles


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Muscles of Mastication

Masseter: elevates

mandible

Temporalis: elevates

mandible

Medial pterygoid:

elevates mandible

Lateral pterygoid:depresses mandible


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Muscles of the Axial Skeleton


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Muscles of Scapular

Stabilization

Trapezius:

Retraction (M)

Elevation (S)

Depression (I) Upward Rotation (S, M)

Rhomboidretraction

Levator ScapularElevation

Pectoralis MajorProtraction Serratus AnteriorProtraction


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Anterior Muscles of Shoulder

Deltoid

Flexion (A, M)/Extension (P, M)

Abduction (M)/Adduction (A)

Internal (A) /External Rotation(P)

Pectoralis Major

Adduction

Flexion

Extension Internal Rotation

Biceps BrachiiFlexion


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Posterior Muscles of Shoulder

Teres Major

Adduction

Extension

Internal Rotation

Latissimus Dorsi

Adduction

Extension

Internal Rotation

Triceps Brachii Adduction

Extension


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Muscles of the Wrist & Hand

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Digitorum

Extensor CarpiUlnaris

Extensor CarpiRadialis

Extensor Digitorum

Anterior (Palmar) View Posterior (Dorsal) View


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Muscles Of Hip:

Anterior Muscles


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Muscles of Hip:

Gluteal Muscles

Gluteus MaximusExtension

Gluteus Medius

Abduction Gluteus Minimus

Abduction

Tensor Fasciae

Latae Flexion

Abduction

** Gluteus Minimus is under the

Gluteus Medius


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Muscles of Anterior Thigh

Quadriceps

Rectus Femoris

Hip flexion

Knee extension

Vastus Lateraliskneeextension

Vastus Medialiskneeextension

Vastus Intermedius

knee extension Sartorius

Hip & Knee Flexion

Lateral Hip Rotation**Vastus Intermedius is beneath

Rectus Femoris


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Muscles of Posterior Thigh

Hamstrings

Responsible for Knee

Flexion & Hip

Extension

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius

Knee Flexion


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Muscles of the Lower Leg

Anterior Compartment Tibialis AnteriorDorsiflexion &

inversion

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Fibularis Tertiusdorsiflexion &eversion

Posterior Compartment Gastrocnemiusplantarflexion,

knee flexion

Soleusplantarflexion

Lateral Compartment Fibularis Longusplantarflexion &

eversion

Fibularis Brevisplantarflexion &eversion

Muscular System.pptx

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