The Muscular System Video to Introduce Skeletal & Muscular System Muscular System Video.
Muscular System Zoology
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Transcript of Muscular System Zoology
![Page 1: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEMTHE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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GeneralitiesGeneralities
• Muscles are created to CONTRACT• All muscle cells are elongated… that is why
they are called FIBERS
• Muscles are created to CONTRACT• All muscle cells are elongated… that is why
they are called FIBERS
![Page 3: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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Neuromuscular JunctionNeuromuscular Junction
• This is the junction between the sarcolemma of a muscle cell and the axonal terminal of a neuron
• Synaptic cleft– The space between
the end of the axonal terminal and the sarcolemma
• This is the junction between the sarcolemma of a muscle cell and the axonal terminal of a neuron
• Synaptic cleft– The space between
the end of the axonal terminal and the sarcolemma
![Page 7: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Head MusclesHead Muscles
FacialFacial
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FrontalisFrontalis
• Covers frontal bone• Raises your eyebrows• Wrinkles your
forehead
• Covers frontal bone• Raises your eyebrows• Wrinkles your
forehead
![Page 10: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Orbicularis oculiOrbicularis oculi
• Encircles the eyes• allows one to wink
and close his eyes
• Encircles the eyes• allows one to wink
and close his eyes
![Page 11: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
BuccinatorBuccinator
• Runs horizontally across the cheek
• For whistling
• Runs horizontally across the cheek
• For whistling
![Page 12: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ZygomaticusZygomaticus
• Smiling muscle• Smiling muscle
![Page 13: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Head MusclesHead Muscles
ChewingChewing
![Page 14: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
MasseterMasseter
• Closes the jaw by elevating the mandible
• Closes the jaw by elevating the mandible
![Page 15: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
TemporalisTemporalis
• Overlies the temporal bone
• Acts as the synergist of masseter in closing the jaw
• Overlies the temporal bone
• Acts as the synergist of masseter in closing the jaw
![Page 16: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Neck and Trunk MusclesNeck and Trunk Muscles
AnteriorAnterior
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SternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid
• “prayer muscle”• Contraction of both
sides flexes neck as if bowing in prayer
• Contraction of one side would turn the head
• “prayer muscle”• Contraction of both
sides flexes neck as if bowing in prayer
• Contraction of one side would turn the head
![Page 18: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pectoralis MajorPectoralis Major
• Forms anterior wall of axilla and upper part of the chest
• Adducts and flexes the arm
• Forms anterior wall of axilla and upper part of the chest
• Adducts and flexes the arm
![Page 19: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Abdominal Girdle MusclesAbdominal Girdle Muscles
• Rectus abdominis– Flexion of vertebral column
• External Oblique– Rotates and bends the
trunk
• Internal Oblique– Rotates and bends the
trunks
• Transversus abdominis– Compresses abdominal
contents
• Rectus abdominis– Flexion of vertebral column
• External Oblique– Rotates and bends the
trunk
• Internal Oblique– Rotates and bends the
trunks
• Transversus abdominis– Compresses abdominal
contents
e
R
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Neck and Trunk MusclesNeck and Trunk Muscles
PosteriorPosterior
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TrapeziusTrapezius
• Kite-like shape• Extends the head• Elevates, depress,
adduct and stabilize the scapula
• Kite-like shape• Extends the head• Elevates, depress,
adduct and stabilize the scapula
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Latissimus DorsiLatissimus Dorsi
• Covers the lower back
• Extends and adducts the humerus
• Used when arms are brought down in swimming or striking a downward blow
• Covers the lower back
• Extends and adducts the humerus
• Used when arms are brought down in swimming or striking a downward blow
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Erector SpinaeErector Spinae
• Prime mover of back extension
• Composed of longissimus, iliocostalis and spinalis
• Controls the act of bending over at the waist
• Prime mover of back extension
• Composed of longissimus, iliocostalis and spinalis
• Controls the act of bending over at the waist
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DeltoidDeltoid
• Forms the rounded shape of the shoulder
• Prime movers of arm abduction
• Forms the rounded shape of the shoulder
• Prime movers of arm abduction
![Page 25: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Muscles of the Upper LimbMuscles of the Upper Limb
![Page 26: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Biceps BrachiiBiceps Brachii
• Bulges upon flexion of the elbow
• Acts to flex and supinate the forearm
• Bulges upon flexion of the elbow
• Acts to flex and supinate the forearm
![Page 27: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Triceps BrachiiTriceps Brachii
• Antagonist of the biceps
• Prime mover of elbow extension
• Used in delivering a straight punch
• Antagonist of the biceps
• Prime mover of elbow extension
• Used in delivering a straight punch
![Page 28: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Muscles of the Lower LimbMuscles of the Lower Limb
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Gluteus MaximusGluteus Maximus
• Forms most of buttock flesh
• Powerful hip extensor when walking, jumping and climbing the stairs
• Forms most of buttock flesh
• Powerful hip extensor when walking, jumping and climbing the stairs
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Gluteus MediusGluteus Medius
• Used mainly for giving intramuscular injections
• It is a hip abductor and important in steadying the pelvis when walking
• Used mainly for giving intramuscular injections
• It is a hip abductor and important in steadying the pelvis when walking
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IliopsoasIliopsoas
• Prime mover of hip flexion
• Prime mover of hip flexion
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SartoriusSartorius
• Thin and strap like• used when crossing
the legs• runs obliquely across
the anterior aspect of the thigh
• Thin and strap like• used when crossing
the legs• runs obliquely across
the anterior aspect of the thigh
![Page 33: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Quadriceps GroupQuadriceps Group
• Found at the anterior thigh
• Acts to extend the knee and flex the hip
• Parts:– Rectus femoris– Vastus medialis– Vastus lateralis
• Found at the anterior thigh
• Acts to extend the knee and flex the hip
• Parts:– Rectus femoris– Vastus medialis– Vastus lateralis
![Page 34: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Hamstring GroupHamstring Group
• Found at the posterior thigh
• For knee flexion• Formed by the:
– Biceps femoris– Semi-membranosus– Semi-tendinosus
• Found at the posterior thigh
• For knee flexion• Formed by the:
– Biceps femoris– Semi-membranosus– Semi-tendinosus
sm
st
b
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Tibialis AnteriorTibialis Anterior
• Found on the anterior leg
• Acts on dorsiflexion and inverts the foot
• Found on the anterior leg
• Acts on dorsiflexion and inverts the foot
![Page 36: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Peroneus MusclePeroneus Muscle
• Found at the lateral area of the leg
• Group helps the gastrocnemius in plantar flexion
• Everts the foot
• Found at the lateral area of the leg
• Group helps the gastrocnemius in plantar flexion
• Everts the foot
![Page 37: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius
• Curved over the posterior leg forming the “calves”
• Prime mover for plantar flexion (lifts the heels)
• Curved over the posterior leg forming the “calves”
• Prime mover for plantar flexion (lifts the heels)
![Page 38: Muscular System Zoology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5529039d550346b52e8b45e3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Fig. 7.1Fig. 7.1
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Fig. 7.4Fig. 7.4
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Fig. 7.6Fig. 7.6
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Fig. 7.11Fig. 7.11
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Fig. 7.12Fig. 7.12
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Fig. 7.13aFig. 7.13a
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Fig. 7.13bFig. 7.13b
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Fig. 7.15Fig. 7.15
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Fig. 7.16Fig. 7.16
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Fig. 7.17Fig. 7.17
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Fig. 7.18Fig. 7.18
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Fig. 7.19Fig. 7.19
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Fig. 7.21abFig. 7.21ab
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Fig. 7.21cFig. 7.21c
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Fig. 7.22Fig. 7.22
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Fig. 7.23Fig. 7.23
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Fig. 7.25abFig. 7.25ab
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Fig. 7.25cFig. 7.25c
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Fig. 7.27abFig. 7.27ab
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Fig. 7.27cFig. 7.27c
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Fig. 7.24Fig. 7.24
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Fig. 7.26Fig. 7.26