MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCLES.MUSCULAR SYSTEM: MUSCLE TISSUE AND MUSCLES.

FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BY MARTINI, 9FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY BY MARTINI, 9THTH EDITION, EDITION, Chapters Chapters # # 4, 10 & 114, 10 & 11

Lab Manual Lab Manual ExerciseExercise # # 1313

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NOTE:NOTE:

THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.

THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /

QUIZZES.

STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS

Competency 5:Competency 5: The Muscular System The Muscular System

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the gross and microscopic anatomy of muscles and their physiology by:

 

Recognize the three types of muscle tissue.

Describing the location and functions of the microscopic structures of skeletal muscle.

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TYPE OF MUSCLE TISSSUES NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION (MODEL #1) MIOFIBRIL (MODEL #2)

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TYPE OF MUSCLE TISSUESTYPE OF MUSCLE TISSUES

SKELETALCARDIACSMOOTH

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SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUESKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE CELLS- LONG CYLINDRICAL STRIATED MULTINUCLEATED

LOCATION- SKELETAL MUSCLE COMBINED WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE & NERVOUS TISSUE

FUNCTIONS: 1- MOVE BODY PARTS & STABILIZE THE

POSTURE OF THE SKELETON

2- GUARDS ENTRANCE & EXITS TO THE DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, & URINARY TRACTS 3- TO GENERATE HEAT 4- TO PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS

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CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE

CELLS- ARE SHORT BRANCHED & STRIATED SINGLE NUCLEUS (USUALLY) INTERCONNECTED BY INTERCALATED DISCS

LOCATION- HEART

FUNCTIONS: 1- CIRCULATES THE BLOOD 2- MAINTAINS BLOOD (HYDROSTATIC) PRESSURE

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SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE

CELLS- SHORT SPINDLE SHAPED NON STRIATED A SINGLE CENTRAL NUCLEUS

LOCATION- ENCIRCLES BLOOD VESSELS IN THE WALLS OF THE DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY URINARY & REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS FUNCTIONS: 1- MOVES FOOD IN DIGESTIVE TRACT AND FLUIDS IN THE DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS

2-CONTROLS DIAMETERS OF RESPIRATORY

PASSAGEWAYS & BLOOD VESSELS

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ORGANIZATION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

EPIMISYUM PERIMYSIUM ENDOMYSIUMTHEY CONVERGE TO FORM: TENDONS

APONEUROSES

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EPIMYSIUM- A DENSE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE.

IT SEPARATES THE MUSCLE FROM OTHER TISSUES

PERIMYSIUM- IT DIVIDES THE SKELETAL MUSCLE INTO COMPARTMENT IT SURROUNDS THE FASCICLES

FASCICLE- A BUNDLE OF MUSCLE FIBERS

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MODEL #1(MOTOR UNIT)MODEL #1(MOTOR UNIT) AXON TERMINAL- END PART OF THE AXON OF THE NEURON F- TO RELEASE THE NEUROTRANSMITTER MUSCLE CELLS OR FIBERS- THE WHOLE STRUCTURE WITHOUT THE NEURON

F- CONTRACTS TO SHORTEN THE WHOLE MUSCLE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION- AREA IN WHICH THE NEURON & THE MUSCULAR CELL ARE JOINED (A BUMP IN THE MODEL) AXON OF THE MOTOR NEURON- (LIKE A SAUSAGE IN THE MODEL) IT IS A CYTOPLASMATIC EXTENSION OF THE NEURON THAT CARRIES THE NERVE IMPULSE MOTOR UNIT- NEURON + MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER ENDOMYSIUM- IT SURROUNDS THE SARCOLEMMA OR CELL MEMBRANE (THE ROUGH AREA OUTSIDE) MYOFIBRILS- THEY ARE FOUND INSIDE THE MUSCLE FIBERS. THEY

CAN NUMBER IN 100’S TO 1000’S AND THEY CONTAIN BUNDLES OF MYOFILAMENTS NUCLEUS OF MUSCLE CELL- IT IS THE CONTROL CENTER OF THE CELL

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MODEL #2 (MYOFIBRIL)MODEL #2 (MYOFIBRIL)

MITOCHONDRIA-TO PRODUCE ATP (ENERGY) SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM- IT SURROUNDS THE MYOFIBRIL F- TO STORE CALCIUM FOR MUSCULAR CONTRACTION T TUBULE: CARRIES THE NERVE IMPULSE INSIDE MUSCLE CELL TERMINAL CISTERNA: ENLARGED AREAS OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM THAT RELEASES CALCIUM TRIAD: TERMINAL CISTERNA + T TUBULE

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MYOFILAMENTS- PROTEIN FILAMENTS COMPOSED OF ACTIN & MYOSIN ACTIN- FORMS THE BULK OF THE THIN FILAMENTS MYOSIN- FORMS THE THICK FILAMENTS A BAND- IS DARK AREA COMPOSED MOSTLY OF THICK

FILAMENT AND INCLUDING PORTIONS OF THIN FILAMENTS THAT INTERCALATE WITH THEM

I BAND- IS LIGHT AREA THAT CONTAINS ONLY THIN IT FILAMENTS EXTENDS FROM A BAND OF ONE

SARCOMERE TO THE A BAND OF THE NEXT SARCOMERE H ZONE- A LIGHTER REGION ON THE MID PART OF THE A BAND THAT CONTAINS ONLY THICK FILAMENTS

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SARCOMERE- AREA BETWEEN 2 Z LINES SMALL FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE MUSCLE FIBER THEY NUMBER MORE OR LESS IN THE 10,000S LINE Z- IT MARKS THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ADJACENT

SARCOMERES -

IT IS THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT OF THE THIN FILAMENTS

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MARTINI (PG 292)MARTINI (PG 292)

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CHARTS & MODELSCHARTS & MODELS

TENDONS- LOCATED AT THE END OF THE MUSCLE

THEY JOIN MUSCLES TO BONES

LIGAMENTS- THEY JOIN BONE TO BONE

APONEUROSES- FLAT SHEETS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

THAT USUALLY JOIN MUSCLE TO MUSCLE

GALEA (EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS) IT CONNECTS FRONTALIS WITH OCCIPITALIS LUMBAR- IT JOINS MUSCLES OF THE BACK

ABDOMINAL- IT JOINS MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN

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REMEMBER!REMEMBER!

GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS.AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS.

SEE INTERACTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CDSEE INTERACTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CD

ROOM 3326.ROOM 3326.