Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are...
-
Upload
clement-rodgers -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are...
![Page 1: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Muscular System
![Page 2: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Intro to Muscles
1. Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue
2. There are 650 different muscles in the human body
![Page 3: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Three Main Functions
1.Responsible for body movement
2.Responsible for body form and shape (posture)
3.Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature
![Page 4: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4 Characteristics of a Muscle
1.CONTRACTILITY – the capability or quality of shrinking or contracting
2.EXCITEABILITY– the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses
3.EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched.
4.ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.
![Page 5: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Muscle● Skeletal – striated, voluntary, multinucleated, long and run parallel
to eachother, found on bones
● Smooth – non-striated, involuntary, single nucleus, tapered, found in many organs, contract using peristalsis
● Cardiac – striated, involuntary, 1-2 nuclei, long and branched, found in heart, contain intercalated discs, rhythmic contractions
The word “striated” means striped. Skeletal muscle appears striped under a microscope.
![Page 6: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Muscles and Muscle Fiber Structure • Individual muscles are separated by FASCIA, which also
forms tendons
**Tendonitis – inflammation of the tendons
• Muscle fibers (cells) are arranged in bundles called FASCICLES
![Page 7: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• EPIMYSIUM = outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle.
• PERIMYSIUM = separates and surrounds fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers)
• ENDOMYSIUM = surrounds each individual muscle fiber
This model of the muscles uses straws to represent fibers.
Green = endomysiumYellow = perimysiumBlue = epimysium
![Page 8: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Muscle Layers
![Page 9: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
![Page 10: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
It is important to remember the hierarchy
ACTIN (light)
FASCICLES
MUSCLE FIBERS
MYOFIBRILS
FILAMENTS
MUSCLE
MYOSIN (dark)
Wrapped in EPIMYSIUM
Wrapped in PERIMYSIUM
Wrapped in ENDOMYSIUM
![Page 11: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sarcolemma = muscle fiber membrane
Sarcoplasm = inner material surrounding fibrils (like cytoplasm)
Myofibrils = individual threads within muscle fiber made of myofilaments
Muscles / Cells
![Page 12: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SarcolemmaMitochondrion
Sarcoplasm
Myofibril
Nucleus
![Page 13: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Myofibrils are made of
ACTIN = thin filamentsMYOSIN = thick filaments
![Page 14: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Myofilaments ACTIN (thin) and MYOSIN (thick)
-- form dark and light bands A band = dArk • thick (myosin) I band = lIght • thIn (actin)
![Page 15: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY (MODEL) - theory of how muscle contracts
This occurs as the thin filament (actin) slides past the thick filaments (myosin)
![Page 18: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Explanation of Skeletal Muscle and Sliding Filament Theory
Start at 1:40
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mejCXr7p37U&spfreload=10
![Page 19: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How Muscles Work with the Nervous System
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION - where a nerve and muscle fiber come together
![Page 20: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Neuromuscular Junction
![Page 21: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Motor neurons stimulate muscle fibers to contract
• Motor neuron secretes neurotransmitter known as ACETYLCHOLINASE
• One motor neuron connected to muscle fibers make up a motor unit
![Page 22: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Energy Source-ATP is produced by CELLULAR RESPIRATION; occurs in the mitochondria
-Creatine phosphate increases regeneration of ATP
* Only 25% of energy produced during cellular respiration is used in metabolic processes - the rest is in the form of HEAT.
- maintains body temperature.
![Page 23: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Other Terms1. All-or-None Response
2. Motor Unit
3. Recruitment
4. Muscular Hypertrophy
5. Muscular Atrophy
6. Muscle Cramp
7. Origin & Insertion
8. Strain
9. Sprain
10. Hernia
![Page 24: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1. All-or-None Response
Fibers do not contract partially, they either do or don't
2. Motor Unit The muscle fiber + the motor neuron
![Page 25: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3. Recruitment• More fibers contract as the
intensity of stimulus increases
4. Hypertrophy - muscles enlarge (working out or certain disorders)
5. Atrophy - muscles become small and weak due to disuse
Cardiomyopathy
![Page 26: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
6. Muscle Cramp - a sustained involuntary contraction
7. Origin and Insertion
Origin = the immovable end of the muscle
Insertion = the movable end of the muscle
![Page 27: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
8. Strain – tear in muscles/tendons from excessive use
9. Sprain – tear in ligaments
![Page 28: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
10. Hernia – protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak muscle or opening
11. Ligaments vs. Tendons
Ligaments – bone to bone
Tendons – muscle to bone
![Page 29: Muscular System. Intro to Muscles 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue 2.There are 650…](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062505/5a4d1bc97f8b9ab0599d60ab/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Treatments (R.I.C.E.)
1. Rest
2. Ice
3. Compression
4. Elevation