Cardiorespiratory Endurance Muscular Strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition.
Muscular System (Chapters 9 and 10) Function- transforms chemical energy (_____) into...
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Muscular System (Chapters 9 and 10)Function- transforms chemical energy (_____) into _______________energy, so that the muscles are capable of exerting a ________.
Muscle Overview• Muscle functions:
1. _______________ _______________ - voluntary and involuntary
2. _______________ _______________ - working against gravity
3. _______________ and _______________ joints to avoid damage
4. Generating __________through movement
Muscle Overview• Functional characteristics of Muscle:
1. _______________ response to a stimulus2. _______________ shorten when
adequately stimulated3. _______________ ability to be stretched or
extended (even beyond their resting length)4. _______________ the ability of a muscle
fiber to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched
Muscle Overview• Muscle fibers/ _______________ :– formed from the fusion of _______________
(_______________ cell that gives rise to muscle cells)
– long, _______________, _______________ cells
– Contain _______________ / myofibers called ______ and _________ that are responsible for muscle contraction.
Skeletal Muscle• Attach to and _______the
_______________• Have the _______________ of the muscle
types• _______________ stripes along the
muscle tissue• Can be controlled _______________
Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross
• _______________– connective tissue covering that surrounds the muscle.
• _______________– Connective tissue that joins bones to muscles.
Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross
• _______________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fascicle
• _______________ : bundle of muscle fibers• __________and ___________supply is present so the
muscles can react to stimulus and receive proper _____________ to function and receive energy.
Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross• Attachments:– Most span __________ and
attach to bones in at least ___ locations.
– _______________ muscle attachment in which moves toward the ____________ bone
– _______________ muscle attachment that moves toward the ____________ or less ____________ bone.
Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross• Ways muscle attach:– __________- the
____________ of the muscle is fused to the ____________ of a bone of perichondrium of a cartilage (ex. __________).
– ___________- the muscle’s connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike ____________ ; common (ex. __________ ).
Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular• ____________ ________ is the muscle cell.• Long and ____________ cells• ____________, because of ____________
cells• Because of the ____________ of cells, the
names of certain structures are different, but the primary ____________ is the same.
Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular
• One muscle fiber• ____________ : connective tissue
covering that surrounds the fiber
Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular
• ____________ : plasma membrane; below this are ____________ and ____________
• ____________ : cytoplasm of the muscle fibers; contains large amounts of ____________ (stored ____________ )
• ____________ ____________ : endoplasmic reticulum; releases ____________ ions during contraction and absorbs them during relaxation.
• ____________ : red pigment that stores ____________ within the protein.• Look at myofibrils (next slide)
Endomysium
Cellular structure of a muscle
• ____________ : (bundles of ____________ ) Contain the ____________ elements of the muscle cell.
• ____________ : a repeating series of ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ bands.
Sarcomere (a segment of myofibril)
• ____________(area between 2 Z disks) made of:1 ____________ Thick ____________ protein; have a light H zone present when relaxed and is bisected by an M line.2. I band- Thin Actin protein
Myofilament
• The ____________ of the thin past the thick produces muscle ____________ (____________ )
actin
myosin
fascicle
Muscle cell
Myofilament
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
Muscle Contraction• The ____________ ____________ has a high concentration of
____________ ions ( ______ )• A muscle ______ sent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes the
membrane to release ______ • The presence of ______ allows links to be formed between
______ (______ ) and ______ (______ )• Thick filaments have a ______ head which attach to the ______
on the thin filament.• These linkages are called ______ ______ .• ______ ______ attach to microtubules at each A and I band
junction forming an elongated tube; can conduct impulses to the deepest parts of the tissue signal for the release of ______ .