Muscles of the upper extremity. Upper limb musculature.
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Transcript of Muscles of the upper extremity. Upper limb musculature.
Scapula Muscles
• If the origin is on the scapula – moves the arm– Subscapularis– Supraspinatus– Infraspinatus– Teres Minor– Teres Major– Latissimus Dorsi (partial attachment)– Coracobrachialis
RotatorCuff
pg 656
Scapula Muscles
• If the insertion is on the scapula – moves the scapula– Rhomboids– Trapezius– Pectoralis Minor– Serratus Ventralis– Levator Scapulae
Use location of Insertion to determine movement!!pg 656
Arm Muscles
• Arm Compartments– Anterior Compartment (3 muscles)
• Flexors of forearm and arm
– Posterior Compartment (1 muscle)• Extensor of forearm and arm
pg 667
Remember: If you cross the shoulder, you move the arm; if you cross the elbow, you move the forearm
Arm Muscles
• Anterior compartment– Brachialis– Coracobrachialis– Biceps brachii
• Long head• Short head
pg 718 pg 715
Muscles of ArmMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innerv
Anterior Brachialis Ant shaft , distal humerus Coronoid process
/ulnar tuberosity
(ulna)
Flex forearm
Musculo-cutaneous
Biceps Brachii Long: supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
Short: coracoid proc (scapula)
Radial Tuberosity (radius)
Flex forearm, Supination
Musculo-cutaneous
Coracobrachialis Coracoid proc (scapula) Medial surface midshaft (humerus)
Flex arm, Adduct arm
Musculo-cutaneous
PosteriorTriceps Brachii Long: Infraglenoid tubercle
(scapula)
Medial: Posterior Shaft
(middle humerus)
Lateral: Posterior Shaft
(proximal humerus)
Common tendon to olecranon (ulna)
Extend forearm
Radial
Forearm Muscles
• Cross elbow, wrist and finger joints• Movement of hand and fingers• Proximally are fleshy• Distally have long tendons• Flexor and extensor retinacula
– “wristbands”– Keep tendons from jumping outwards when tensed
pg 738
Forearm Muscles
• Anterior compartment– Superficial and Deep layers– Flexors of hand and fingers– Most flexors have common origin on medial epicondyle– Contains 2 pronator muscles
• Posterior compartment – Superficial and Deep layers– Extensors of hand and fingers– Most extensors have common origin on lateral epicondyle– Contains a supinator muscle
pg 732
Anterior Compartment of Forearm
Muscles Nerves– Superficial
• Flexor digitorum superficialis Median• Flexor carpi radialis Median• Pronator teres Median• Palmaris longus Median• Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar
– Deep • Pronator quadratus Median• Flexor pollicis longus Median• Flexor digitorum profundus Ulnar (med 1/2)
Median (lat 1/2)pg 738, 740
Posterior Compartment of Forearm Muscles Nerves
– Superficial• Brachioradialis Radial• Anconeus Radial• Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis Radial• Extensor digitorum Radial• Extensor carpi ulnaris Radial• Extensor digiti minimi Radial
– Deep• Supinator Radial• Abductor pollicis longus Radial• Extensor pollicis longus + brevis Radial• Extensor indicus Radial
pg 746
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Muscle Nerve• Pinky = Hypothenar muscles
– All digiti minimi Ulnar(Flexor, Abductor, Opponens)
• Thumb = Thenar muscles– Abductor pollicis brevis Median– Flexor pollicis brevis Median– Opponens pollicis Median– Adductor pollicis Ulnar
• Other Intrinsic Muscles– Palmar + Dorsal Interossei Ulnar– Lumbricals Median, Ulnar
Elevators
DeltoideusOrigin: Lateral half of clavicle ,
Scapular spine, acromion processInsertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerusAction: Abducts humerus (also flexes, extends, rotates and adducts)Innervation: Axillary nerve
What You Should Know3: UPPER LIMB COMPLICATIONS• Origin, insertion, innervation and action of
the following (Cartmill pages 224-230)
• Trapezius
• Serratus anterior
• Levator scapulae
• Rhomboid major
• Rhomboid minor
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Pectoralis Major (Sternal, Clavicular) and Minor
What You Should Know4. THE SHOULDER
Cartmill pages 231-237
Origin, insertion, innervation and action of the following:
Teres MajorSubscapularis
Teres minor Deltoid
Pectoralis MajorSupraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Muscles moving the elbow all cross the joint and insert on the bones of the forearm.
They may originate from the scapula or the brachium (humerus).
The Coracobrachialis makes up part of the mass of the upper arm but doesn’t actually cross the joint (scapula to humerus only).
Origin: coracoid process
Insertion: Humerus
Flexion and adduction of humerus.
Musculocutaneous nerve
Origin:Long Head: Glenoid FossaMedial & Lateral Heads:Posterior surface of humeral shaft
Insertion:Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends elbow
Biceps brachii(musculocutaneous n.)
Origin:Short head: coracoid processLong head; glenoid fossa
Insertion:Proximal radius
Action: Flexes elbowsupinates
Brachioradialis(Radial n.* exception)
Origin: distal humerus
Insertion:Styloid process of ulna
Action: Flexes elbow
Superficial Layer
Flexor carpi radialis Median n.
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
Action: Flexes wrist; abducts hand
Superficial Layer
Palmaris longusMedian n.
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Palmar aponeurosis
Action: Flexes wrist
Superficial Layer
Flexor carpi ulnarisUlnar n.
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Pisiform and base of 5th metacarpal
Action: Flexes wrist; adducts hand
Intermediate Layer
Flexor digitorum superficialisMedian n Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Middle phalanges of fingers 2-5Action: Flexes wrist and middle phalanges
Deep Layer
Flexor pollicis longusMedian n
Origin: Anterior surface of radius
Insertion:Distal phalanx of thumbAction: Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
Deep Layer
Flexor digitorum profundus Median n
Origin: Anteromedial surface ulna
Insertion:Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5Action: Flexes distal phalanges
Superficial
Extensor carpi radialisbrevisRadial n.Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Base of 3rd metacarpalAction: Extends and abducts wrist
Superficial
Extensor digitorum minimi Radial n.
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Distal phalange of little fingerAction: Extends little finger
Superficial
Extensor digitorum Radial n.
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Distal phalange of fingers 2-4Action: Extends fingers and wrist; abduct fingers
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Abductor Pollicis LongusExtensor Retinaculum
Extensor CarpiUlaris
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Digitorum
Superficialis
Deep
Extensor indices
Radial n.Origin: Posterior surface of distal ulna
Insertion:Extensor expansion of index fingerAction: Extends index finger
Deep
Extensor pollicis longusRadial n.
Origin: Dorsal shaft of radius and ulnaInsertion:Base of distal phalanx of thumbAction: Extends thumb
Deep
Extensor pollicis brevis Radial n.
Origin: Dorsal shaft of radius and ulnaInsertion:Base of proximal phalanx of thumbAction: Extends thumb
Deep
Abductor pollicis longusRadial n.
Origin: Posterior surface of radius and ulnaInsertion:Base of 1st metacarpalAction: Abducts and extends thumb
Deep
Abductor pollicis longusRadial n.
Origin: Posterior surface of radius and ulnaInsertion:Base of 1st metacarpalAction: Abducts and extends thumb
Supination:Movement of the radius and ulna
Lateral rotation of the arm so palm faces superiorally
(anatomical position)
Pronation:
Opposite of supinationMedial rotation of the arm so palm faces inferiorallyRelaxed position
Supination
SupinatorRadial n.Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerusInsertion:Proximal end of radiusAction: Supinates forearm
Supination
Biceps brachii musculocutaneous n.
Origin:Short head: coracoid processLong head; glenoid fossaInsertion:Proximal radiusAction: Flexes elbowsupinates
Pronation
Pronator teresMedian n.
Origin:Medial condyle of humerusCoronoid process of ulnaInsertion:Lateral radius (midshaft)Action: Pronates forearm
Pronation
Pronator quadratusMedian n.Origin:Distal portion of anterior ulnarshaftInsertion:Distal surface of anterior radiusAction: Pronates forearm
What You Should Know1: Muscles Crossing the Elbow
Joint• Flexors (ventral)
• Extensors (dorsal)
2: Muscles Crossing the Wrist Joint
Flexors (ventral)
Extensors (dorsal)
What You Should Know3: Muscles of Elbow Extension,
Flexion• Origin and Insertion
• Innervation
3: Muscles of Pronation and Supination
• Origin and Insertion
• Innervation