Murray and Pearson Hong Kong Presentation 1...23/11/2010 1 Click to edit Master title style •...

23/11/2010

1

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• Second level

• Third levelSports Science and CoachingSports Science and Coachingwithin the England Squashwithin the England Squash

• Fourth level

• Fifth level

1

within the England Squashwithin the England SquashElite Programme:Elite Programme:

David Pearson David Pearson –– England National Squash CoachEngland National Squash CoachStafford Murray Stafford Murray –– Head of PA and Biomechanics, EISHead of PA and Biomechanics, EISHong Kong 23.05.09Hong Kong 23.05.09



• Second level

• Third level

Aims of this session…..Aims of this session…..

1.1. Describe the England World Class Squash ProgrammeDescribe the England World Class Squash Programme

2.2. Outline how Sports Science Works within SquashOutline how Sports Science Works within Squash• Fourth level

• Fifth level

2

3.3. Demonstrate Examples from within Performance AnalysisDemonstrate Examples from within Performance Analysis



• Second level

• Third level

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

•• What is the England World Class Squash ProgrammeWhat is the England World Class Squash Programme

•• What is the English Institute of Sport (EIS)What is the English Institute of Sport (EIS)

•• How does the EIS work within the World Class ProgrammeHow does the EIS work within the World Class Programme

•• What is Performance AnalysisWhat is Performance Analysis

• Fourth level

• Fifth level

3

•• How Performance Analysis works with SquashHow Performance Analysis works with Squash–– Demands of the gameDemands of the game–– Replication GhostingReplication Ghosting–– Tactical ProfilingTactical Profiling–– Momentum AnalysisMomentum Analysis–– Perturbations in SquashPerturbations in Squash

•• Conclusion and Questions Conclusion and Questions (throughout please!)(throughout please!)



• Second level

• Third levelWhat is the England Squash What is the England Squash • Fourth level

• Fifth level

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World Class Programme?World Class Programme?



• Second level

• Third level

What is the England World Class What is the England World Class Squash Programme……Squash Programme……

•• A national programme funded by Sport England (circa £1 million) A national programme funded by Sport England (circa £1 million)

•• A centralised programme based at Head office and National Centre in A centralised programme based at Head office and National Centre in ManchesterManchester

•• Employs / funds players, management, and coaches:Employs / funds players, management, and coaches:–– PlayersPlayers

•• Juniors (up to U17) : 6 male and female each age groupJuniors (up to U17) : 6 male and female each age group

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•• Transitional (up to 23 years old) : 20 totalTransitional (up to 23 years old) : 20 total

•• Senior : 18 totalSenior : 18 total

–– ManagementManagement•• Performance ManagerPerformance Manager

•• Performance Administrator Performance Administrator

–– CoachesCoaches•• 20 part20 part--time development coachestime development coaches

•• 8 part8 part--time regional coachestime regional coaches

•• 2 full time high performance coaches2 full time high performance coaches

•• 1 National Coach1 National Coach



• Second level

• Third level

Ethos of England SquashEthos of England SquashWorld Class ProgrammeWorld Class Programme

•• The simple aim is to be the best in the World both individually and teamThe simple aim is to be the best in the World both individually and team

•• Funding is target based Funding is target based –– reviewed every 4 yearsreviewed every 4 years

•• Each player has specific targets Each player has specific targets –– reviewed formally every 6 months reviewed formally every 6 months (monitored monthly)(monitored monthly)

•• Each coach has specific job role and targets Each coach has specific job role and targets –– reviewed annuallyreviewed annually• Fourth level

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Each coach has specific job role and targets Each coach has specific job role and targets reviewed annuallyreviewed annually

•• Formal contract between the player and the programmeFormal contract between the player and the programme•• Agree targetsAgree targets

•• Ensure BuyEnsure Buy--in to ethos of programmein to ethos of programme

•• Conduct expectations….always representing England!Conduct expectations….always representing England!

•• If these targets are not hit then changes are made with immediate If these targets are not hit then changes are made with immediate effect……not to be cut throat, but our funding dictates this (regardless of effect……not to be cut throat, but our funding dictates this (regardless of status of player)……status of player)……

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• Second level

• Third levelWhat is the What is the English Institute of Sport?English Institute of Sport?• Fourth level

• Fifth level

7

What is the What is the English Institute of Sport?English Institute of Sport?



• Second level

• Third level

What is the What is the English Institute of SportEnglish Institute of Sport

•• A nationwide sports science delivery systemA nationwide sports science delivery system

•• Works with over 40 sports (including Olympic and professional)Works with over 40 sports (including Olympic and professional)

•• 240+ members of staff 240+ members of staff

•• 9 centres around the country9 centres around the country

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•• What does this mean for squash……What does this mean for squash……–– Around £150k PA investmentAround £150k PA investment

–– Central and National SupportCentral and National Support

–– 3 FTE members of staff3 FTE members of staff

–– 24 hour cover24 hour cover

–– Delivery of all sports science disciplines…….Delivery of all sports science disciplines…….



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• Third level

EIS Mission Statement……..EIS Mission Statement……..

THE EIS ETHOSTHE EIS ETHOS

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“………..Sustained international success in sport“………..Sustained international success in sport

for England through the delivery of world class, for England through the delivery of world class,

integrated, and innovative support services”integrated, and innovative support services”



• Second level

• Third levelAPPLIEDAPPLIEDSERVICE SERVICE

ACADEMIC ACADEMIC RESEARCHRESEARCH ex

ity, E

quip

men

tex

ity, E

quip

men

t

GREY GREY • Fourth level

• Fifth level

10

SERVICE SERVICE PROVISIONPROVISION

RESEARCHRESEARCH

RESEARCHRESEARCHrippleripple tsunamitsunami

Fund

ing,

Dur

atio

n, C

ompl

eFu

ndin

g, D

urat

ion,

Com

ple

ZONEZONE



• Second level

• Third level EIS Video ExampleEIS Video Example• Fourth level

• Fifth level

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EIS Video ExampleEIS Video Example



• Second level

• Third levelHow does the EIS work within the How does the EIS work within the • Fourth level

• Fifth level

12

England Squash World Class ProgrammeEngland Squash World Class Programme

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• Second level

• Third levelEIS

Nutrition

PerformanceAnalysis

Physiotherapy

Psychology

England Squash

• Fourth level

• Fifth level

13

EISNorth West RegionSports

Medicine

Strength &Conditioning

PerformanceLifestyle

SportsMassage

Physiology

Coach & Athlete



• Second level

• Third level What is What is ff• Fourth level

• Fifth level

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Performance AnalysisPerformance Analysis



• Second level

• Third level

DefinitionDefinition

Performance Analysis is an objective way of Performance Analysis is an objective way of recording performance so that key elements of recording performance so that key elements of that performance can be quantified in a valid that performance can be quantified in a valid

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that performance can be quantified in a valid that performance can be quantified in a valid and consistent manner (Hughes and Franks, and consistent manner (Hughes and Franks,

1997)1997)



• Second level

• Third level

• Coaching used to be based solely upon subjective interventions.

• Franks & Goodman (1983) found that NGB coaches could only remember 30% of key

Roots of Performance AnalysisRoots of Performance Analysis

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coaches could only remember 30% of key events.

• Generally performers can only correctly recall 20-25% of their own performances



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Where does PA come fromWhere does PA come from

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NOTATIONAL / VIDEO NOTATIONAL / VIDEO ANALYSISANALYSIS

SPORTS SPORTS BIOMECHANICSBIOMECHANICS

Systematic Observation

Objective Analysis

Improved Feedback

Informed Interventions



• Second level

• Third levelGeneral Aims of PA in squash…….. General Aims of PA in squash……..

OBJECTIVE FEEDBACK

IMPROVE TECHNIQUE

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IMPROVE TACTICSENHANCE COACHING

PROCESS

QUANTIFY WEAKNESSES

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• Second level

• Third level

The importance of observation, The importance of observation, feedback and learningfeedback and learning

– Feedback is the most important variable in developing skill and should be based on systematic observation (Performance Analysis)

– Formal intervention (coaching) when based on intuitive/subjective observation is unlikely to be a powerful enough tool to account for

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improvement

– The quality and precision of feedback is vital to developing skill in elite athletes

– Techniques of video feedback and statistical analysis have been shown to influence learning and skill development

Based on an original idea by UK Sport



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• Third level

Analysis in the Coaching ProcessAnalysis in the Coaching Process(Franks et al, 1983)(Franks et al, 1983)

Coach

Observes 70%

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Athlete

Performs

Performance

Analysed

Past results

accounted for

Coach Plans

practise

Coach conducts

practise

30%

70%



• Second level

• Third level

Modes of Performance AnalysisModes of Performance Analysis

Two modes of applying Performance Analysis:

During Activity

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1. Real-time

2. Lapsed-time

g y

Simple Analyses

Immediate F/B

Analysis of all aspects

Very detailed Analyses

Post Activity



• Second level

• Third level

The Role of Performance AnalysisThe Role of Performance Analysis

Role is to provide objective and quantified performance information to the coach Role is to provide objective and quantified performance information to the coach and to the athleteand to the athlete, , with the coachwith the coach

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Visual dataVisual data

(KP)(KP)

Numerical dataNumerical data

(KR)(KR)



• Second level

• Third level

EIS PA Software ContinuumEIS PA Software Continuum

Macro Analysis

Micro Analysis

Match Analysis, Patterns of Play, Tactics, etc

Technical Analysis, Applied Sports Biomechanics, Movement Analysis, etc

• Fourth level

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Bespoke Notation Systems

Pinnacle Liquid

Editions

Focus X2 Dartfish Quintic Laveg Laser Midas Cameras

Hand or Computer. Tailored to Coaches

needs

Digital Editing

System. DVD Production

Video Linked Performance

Analysis System

Technical Video

Analysis System

Technical / Biomechanical Video Analysis

System

Real Time Velocity ‘Laser’

High Speed Camera ‘xxxxing

expensive’



• Second level

• Third level5 Performance Analysis 5 Performance Analysis Exemplar ProjectsExemplar Projects

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Exemplar ProjectsExemplar Projects

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• Second level

• Third level Example 1. Example 1. D d f th Elit GD d f th Elit G• Fourth level

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Demands of the Elite GameDemands of the Elite Game



• Second level

• Third level

Defining the Elite gameDefining the Elite game

• Objectively describe the demands of the game

• Interrogate the dogma • Fourth level

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Interrogate the dogma

• Better inform the Coaching and Sports Science Process



• Second level

• Third level

• Establish Norms of Elite Performance

• Examine effects of new scoring system

Defining the Elite gameDefining the Elite game

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• Demands of elite tournament match play

• Distribution of movement and movement type

• Physical demands of the game



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PSA New Scoring SystemPSA New Scoring System

• Brought into Men’s game 2003

• Reduced from 15 to 11 points

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• Aim to increase ‘attacking’ play

• Previous research still applicable?

• Observation and effect of changes



• Second level

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Findings on new scoring systemFindings on new scoring system

General Data 15 Scoring 11 Scoring

Number of Matches 100 100

Number of Games 400 400

Per Game Data Average Average Mann Whitney

Rallies per Game 33.80 26.72 0.001

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Shots per Rally 11.90 14.41 0.006

Average Rally Length 17 secs 20 secs 0.008

Time Between Rallies 12 secs 13 secs 0.671

Ball in Play 9 mins 33 secs 9 mins 01 secs 0.262

Total Game Time 16 mins 27 secs 14 mins 36 secs 0.025

% Ball in play 57% 62% 0.026



• Second level

• Third level

Average Tournament DataAverage Tournament Data

MenMen

Q1

4545

21

Q2

4747

18

R1

4545

20

R2

5151

19

L8

5454

38

L4

5959

30

Final

45

• Fourth level

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Therefore, to win a major Men’s event (32 draw) you will play 269 minutes (4.5 hours), in five days, to win a major Women’s event you will play

233 minutes (3.9 hours) squash over 5 days – both with no rest day!

WomenWomen3131

70

74

18

4343

75

77

15

4343

89

83

21

4848

97

86

23

5454

4444

97

81

24

5959

4949

91

87

22

6060

4949

90

75

34

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• Second level

• Third level

Distribution of MatchplayDistribution of Matchplay

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5%

3% 2% 1% 4%

1% 0% 4%

2% 2%

7% 5%

22%

16% 16%

10%



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• Third level

Types of MovementTypes of Movement

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5%

3% 2% 1% 4%

1% 0% 4%

2% 2%

7% 5%

22%

16% 16%

10%



• Second level

• Third level

Match HR DataMatch HR Data

140150160170180190200

(bpm

)

• Fourth level

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60708090

100110120130140

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Time (min)

Hea

rt R

ate



• Second level

• Third level

Elite Squash Analysed:Elite Squash Analysed:

•• Creation of Elite TemplateCreation of Elite Template

•• Establish Norms of PerformanceEstablish Norms of Performance• Fourth level

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•• Establish Norms of PerformanceEstablish Norms of Performance

•• Understand Demands of the Elite GameUnderstand Demands of the Elite Game



• Second level

• Third level Example 2. Example 2. R li ti Gh tiR li ti Gh ti• Fourth level

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Replication GhostingReplication Ghosting



• Second level

• Third level

1. Replication of match play movement patterns

2. Movements done without the ball

What is Ghosting….What is Ghosting….

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3. Repetitive patterns of movement to cover all areas of the court

4. See clip….

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• Second level

• Third level

1. Match Specific Conditioning (high correlation between the physical demands of ghosting and match play)

Rationale Behind Ghosting….Rationale Behind Ghosting….

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2. Replication of movement demands and movement patterns

3. Technical Reinforcement

4. See clip….



• Second level

• Third level

1. Not loaded towards match specific game play i.e. distribution ofmovement and individual variation

2. Not situation / player specific i.e. Patterns of Movement

Current Limitations of Ghosting….Current Limitations of Ghosting….

• Fourth level

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3. Weaker patterns are not emphasised

4. Consistency of training (boredom through repetition = low adherence)

5. See Methodology Example



• Second level

• Third level

Player 1: Match data vs Replay Data

140

160

180

(bpm

)

Validation and Initial Findings….Validation and Initial Findings….

HR 5% -

L t t • Fourth level

• Fifth level

39

80

100

120

140

1735 1835 1935 2035 2135 2235 2335 2435

Time (sec)

Hea

rt R

ate

(

HR Game

HR Replay

Lactate =

Distance Covered =



• Second level

• Third level

Player 1 vs Player 2 replay data

80

90

100

%H

Rm

ax)

Further Findings….Further Findings….

Highlights Squash Specific

• Fourth level

• Fifth level

40

40

50

60

70

1835 1935 2035 2135 2235 2335 2435

Time (sec)

Hea

rt R

ate

(%

Player 1

Player 2

Fitness

Traditional Tests valid to

squash?



• Second level

• Third level

1. Replay specific strength’s and weaknesses

2. Replay specific situations / opponent’s

3. Play a higher level of match play (Junior’s

Uses of Replication GhostingUses of Replication Ghosting

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3 ay a g e e e o atc p ay (Ju o sunderstand the hard mentality required)

4. Test Squash Specific Fitness

Stimulate the training environment, NM e.g..Stimulate the training environment, NM e.g..



• Second level

• Third level Example 3. Example 3. T ti l P filiT ti l P fili• Fourth level

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Tactical ProfilingTactical Profiling

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• Second level

• Third level

Know your enemy as you know yourself Know your enemy as you know yourself and you need not fear one hundred battles;and you need not fear one hundred battles;

know yourself but not the enemy, know yourself but not the enemy,

The mission behind ProfilingThe mission behind Profiling

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y y,y y,for every victory gained you will also suffer a for every victory gained you will also suffer a

defeat;defeat;

know neither the enemy nor yourself know neither the enemy nor yourself and you will succumb in every battle.and you will succumb in every battle.

(Sun Tzu, 652)



• Second level

• Third levelSWEAT AnalysisSWEAT Analysis• Fourth level

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Simple Winner to Error Analysis TechnologySimple Winner to Error Analysis Technology

(based on a hand system by Professor Mike Hughes, UWIC)(based on a hand system by Professor Mike Hughes, UWIC)



• Second level

• Third level

Real Time Data CollectionReal Time Data Collection

Allows analysis of distribution frequency and

Data is gathered into a Microsoft Access Database

• Fourth level

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Allows analysis of distribution, frequency and type of rally ending shot

Data is processed real time for viewing between games



• Second level

• Third level

Overall Winner / Error ratioOverall Winner / Error ratio

• Fourth level

• Fifth level

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• Second level

• Third level

Game Winner / Error ratioGame Winner / Error ratio

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• Second level

• Third level

Rally Length Winner / Error ratioRally Length Winner / Error ratio

• Fourth level

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• Second level

• Third level

Whole Court Winner / Error ratioWhole Court Winner / Error ratio

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• Second level

• Third level

Individual Shot DistributionIndividual Shot Distribution

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• Second level

• Third level

Individual Shot AnalysisIndividual Shot Analysis

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• Second level

• Third levelHOT SPOTS

Opposition ProfilesOpposition Profiles

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DANGER ZONES

Hughes, Wells & Murray (2000) showed that in elite level squash it took 5-6 matches for the profiles to stabilise.



• Second level

• Third level See it live…..See it live…..• Fourth level

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See it live…..See it live…..



• Second level

• Third level“Statistics are like a mini skirt… they “Statistics are like a mini skirt… they give you an idea … but they hide the give you an idea … but they hide the

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best bits.”best bits.”

Ebbe Skovdahl , ex-Manager, Aberdeen FC

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• Second level

• Third level

FOCUS X2FOCUS X2

•• Visual examples to Visual examples to support the data support the data

•• Can immediately Can immediately recall clips pertinent recall clips pertinent

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to the ‘Hot Spots’ and to the ‘Hot Spots’ and ‘Danger Zones’‘Danger Zones’

••Provides Visual data Provides Visual data for coaches to for coaches to conceptualise dataconceptualise data



• Second level


• Fifth level

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• Second level

• Third level Example 4. Example 4. M t A l iM t A l i• Fourth level

• Fifth level

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Momentum AnalysisMomentum Analysis



• Second level

• Third level

2 Player Momentum2 Player Momentum

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• Second level


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• Second level

• Third level Example 5. Example 5. P t b tiP t b ti• Fourth level

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PerturbationsPerturbations

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• Second level

• Third level

Perturbations

8

10

12

14

Server Receiver

……a perturbation exists in an open system where the usual stable rhythm of play is disturbed by

l f hi h l• Fourth level

• Fifth level

61

0

2

4

6

0.0 1.0 2 .0 4 .0 5.2 7.2 8 .4 9 .6 11.0 13.0 14.2 15.4 17.0

T ime ( s)

extreme elements of high or low skill, which consequently result in a particular outcome (Hughes and Reed, 2005)



• Second level

• Third level

Example Male Results Example Male Results

0.2%

0% 0.1%

0.5%

4.3%

8.1%

6.4%

2.4%

20.6%

8.3%

8.7%

10%13 2% 2% 11

7% 1% 1% 8%

Perturbations

WinnersErrors

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17.5%

1.4%

2.2%

9.2%

13%

2% 2% 11%

6% 2% 2% 5%

14%

6% 6% 14%

8% 0% 1% 8%

6% 1% 1% 5%

19% 3%

1% 15%

13%

1% 2% 16%



• Second level

• Third level15

20

25

30

35

40


• Fourth level

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0

5

10

Type of shot that caused a perturbation when playing a squash match.



• Second level

• Third level15

20

25

30

35

Yes

No


• Fourth level

• Fifth level

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0

5

10

Did win o ff their perturbation did win o ff oppo nents perturbatio n

Graph to show whether a player was likely to win off perturbations when they caused them or whether they were more likely to win off them, when their opponent caused them.



• Second level

• Third level

ConclusionsConclusions

•• Scientific Scientific –– Applied Applied –– Sport / Coach ledSport / Coach led•• The Athlete should never be a victim of a coaches limitations The Athlete should never be a victim of a coaches limitations ––

same with analysts (create simple messages) same with analysts (create simple messages) •• Tools for your needs, budgets (pen and paper) and preferencesTools for your needs, budgets (pen and paper) and preferences•• Systems do not replace good coaching just assist and back up Systems do not replace good coaching just assist and back up

• Fourth level

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•• Systems do not replace good coaching, just assist and back up Systems do not replace good coaching, just assist and back up beliefs. beliefs.

•• Not just video footage collectors Not just video footage collectors –– integral to integral to coaching processcoaching process

•• Making a performance ImpactMaking a performance Impact•• Thank you for your attention………………Thank you for your attention………………



• Second level

• Third level“If it i 't b k d ’t fi it”“If it i 't b k d ’t fi it”• Fourth level

• Fifth level

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“If it ain't broke, don’t fix it”“If it ain't broke, don’t fix it”

Most car mechanicsMost car mechanics

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• Second level

• Third level“If you always do what you always “If you always do what you always

did you’ll always get what you did you’ll always get what you • Fourth level

• Fifth level

67

did, you ll always get what you did, you ll always get what you always got”always got”

Benninga 1997Benninga 1997

Murray and Pearson Hong Kong Presentation 1...23/11/2010 1 Click to edit Master title style •...

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