Muons, Inc. MANX Update: MANX Following MICE at RAL MICE cm 23 – January 14, 2008 Richard Sah.

Muons, Inc.

MANX Update:MANX Update:MANX Following MICE at MANX Following MICE at

RALRALMICE cm 23 – January 14, MICE cm 23 – January 14,

20082008

Richard SahRichard Sah

2Richard Sah – MICE cm23

January 14, 2009Muons, Inc.

OutlineOutline

MANX ConceptMANX Concept Helical Cooling Channels (6-D Helical Cooling Channels (6-D

Cooling)Cooling) MANX Following MICE at RALMANX Following MICE at RAL



MANX ConceptMANX Concept Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory Ionization Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory Ionization

Cooling Experiment (MANX)Cooling Experiment (MANX) Construction of a Helical Solenoid (HS) and its Construction of a Helical Solenoid (HS) and its

installation at RAL as part of MICE. This HS installation at RAL as part of MICE. This HS magnet is very similar to that used in simulations magnet is very similar to that used in simulations of the mu2e experimental upgrade for the of the mu2e experimental upgrade for the Project-X era at FermilabProject-X era at Fermilab

Goals and OrganizationGoals and Organization Test of momentum-dependent Helical Cooling Channel Test of momentum-dependent Helical Cooling Channel

(HCC), applicable to muon colliders, neutrino factories, (HCC), applicable to muon colliders, neutrino factories, and stopping muon beamsand stopping muon beams

Proposal to organize MANX as a joint Fermilab-RAL Proposal to organize MANX as a joint Fermilab-RAL projectproject

Fermilab responsible for magnet and detector upgradesFermilab responsible for magnet and detector upgrades RAL provides the MICE beam line, where much of the RAL provides the MICE beam line, where much of the

MICE apparatus can be reusedMICE apparatus can be reused



Key MANX featuresKey MANX features Will Test:Will Test:

Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC)Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) p-dependent HCC with continuous absorberp-dependent HCC with continuous absorber

Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) and absorber similar Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) and absorber similar to that required for upgrade to mu2e experimentto that required for upgrade to mu2e experiment

Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL) Minimizes costs and timeMinimizes costs and time

no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E absorberabsorber

RF is developed in parallel with new conceptsRF is developed in parallel with new concepts builds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectorsbuilds on MICE, adds 6-d capability, ~ps detectors



Outline: HCCOutline: HCC

In recent years, the concept of In recent years, the concept of Helical Cooling Channels has been Helical Cooling Channels has been invented and developed for 6-D invented and developed for 6-D muon-beam coolingmuon-beam cooling Ionization CoolingIonization Cooling Transverse Emittance ICTransverse Emittance IC Wedges or Continuous Energy Wedges or Continuous Energy

AbsorbersAbsorbers Helical Cooling Channels (HCC)Helical Cooling Channels (HCC)

66

z

RFp

inp

cool out RFp p p

absp

inp

a

Absorber Plate

• Each particle loses momentum by ionizing a low-Z absorber

• Only the longitudinal momentum is restored by RF cavities

• The angular divergence is reduced until limited by multiple scattering

• Successive applications of this principle with clever variations leads to small emittances for many applications

• Early work: Budker, Ado & Balbekov, Skrinsky & Parkhomchuk, Neuffer

Principle of Ionization CoolingMuons, Inc.



Transverse Emittance ICTransverse Emittance IC The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance The equation describing the rate of cooling is a balance

between cooling (first term) and heating (second term):between cooling (first term) and heating (second term):

Here Here nn is the normalized emittance, Eis the normalized emittance, Eµµ is theis the muon energy muon energy

in GeV, dEin GeV, dEµµ/ds and X/ds and X00 are the energy loss and radiation are the energy loss and radiation

length of the absorber medium, length of the absorber medium, is the transverse beta-is the transverse beta-

function of the magnetic channel, and function of the magnetic channel, and is the particle is the particle velocity. velocity.

2

2 30

(0.014)1 1

2n n

dEd

ds ds E E m X

Bethe-Bloch Moliere (with low Z mods)



Ionization Cooling is only transverse. To get 6D cooling, emittance exchange between transverse and longitudinal coordinates is needed.

THIS RH CONCEPTUAL PICTURE BE REALIZED? A MANX GOAL!

Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber Wedges or Continuous Energy Absorber for Emittance Exchange and 6d Coolingfor Emittance Exchange and 6d Cooling



Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel First simulations showed factor of ~150,000 First simulations showed factor of ~150,000

reduction in 6d emittance in less than 100 m of HCC.reduction in 6d emittance in less than 100 m of HCC. ~40,000 microns normalized transverse acceptance~40,000 microns normalized transverse acceptance Used 200 MHz H2-pressurized cavities inside Used 200 MHz H2-pressurized cavities inside

magnet coils. (absorber and RF occupy same space)magnet coils. (absorber and RF occupy same space) Engineering Implementation requires creativityEngineering Implementation requires creativity

Coils outside of such large RF Cavities are difficult. Coils outside of such large RF Cavities are difficult. Solutions?Solutions?

bigger coils: Helical Solenoid with/without correction coilsbigger coils: Helical Solenoid with/without correction coils smaller cavities: 1) dielectric-loaded or 2) traveling wave solutionssmaller cavities: 1) dielectric-loaded or 2) traveling wave solutions smaller pitch angle (weaker helical dipole) eases field at conductorsmaller pitch angle (weaker helical dipole) eases field at conductor

H2-Pressurized RF cavities are undeveloped/unproven H2-Pressurized RF cavities are undeveloped/unproven Max RF gradient shown to be insensitive to external B field.Max RF gradient shown to be insensitive to external B field. MTA proton beam tests soon. (SF6 dopant calcs/tests encouraging) MTA proton beam tests soon. (SF6 dopant calcs/tests encouraging)



6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber 6-Dimensional Cooling in a Continuous Absorber Helical cooling channel (HCC)Helical cooling channel (HCC)

Continuous absorber for emittance exchangeContinuous absorber for emittance exchange Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole Solenoidal, transverse helical dipole and quadrupole

fieldsfields Helical dipoles known from Siberian SnakesHelical dipoles known from Siberian Snakes z- and time-independent Hamiltonianz- and time-independent Hamiltonian Derbenev & Johnson, Derbenev & Johnson, Theory of HCCTheory of HCC, April/05 PRST-, April/05 PRST-

ABAB http://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdfhttp://www.muonsinc.com/reports/PRSTAB-HCCtheory.pdf

11111111

Particle Motion in an HCC MagnetParticle Motion in an HCC Magnet

Blue: Beam envelope

2

z

pa

p

Red: Reference orbit

Magnet Center

Combined function magnet (invisible in this picture)Solenoid + Helical dipole + Helical Quadrupole

Dispersive component makes longer path length for higher momentum particles and shorter path length for lower momentum particles.

Opposing radial forces;

;

h dipole z

solenoid z z

F p B b B

F p B B B

Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z –independent Hamiltonian

b' added for stability and acceptance

12

Some Important Relationships

12

2

2

11

3ckqk

21ck B p

2

2

1ˆ 2p da

Da dp

0q

2 2 2

3 2 2

1 1 1ˆ1

dD

d

2

2ˆ

1D

2

1

transition

2 21 1( )p a B b

k

2k ka Hamiltonian Solution

Equal cooling decrements

Longitudinal cooling only

~Momentum slip factor

~

Muons, Inc.

13131313

Two Different Designs of Helical Cooling MagnetTwo Different Designs of Helical Cooling Magnet

•Siberian snake type magnet•Consists of 4 layers of helix dipole to produce tapered helical dipole fields.•Coil diameter is 1.0 m.•Maximum field is more than 10 T.

•Helical solenoid coil magnet•Consists of 73 single coils (no tilt).•Maximum field is 5 T •Coil diameter is 0.5 m.

Large bore channel(conventional)

Small bore channel(helical solenoid)

Great new innovation!

Muons, Inc.

14141414

HS for Cooling Demonstration ExperimentHS for Cooling Demonstration Experiment

Goals: cooling demonstration, HS technology development

Features: SSC NbTi cable, Bmax~6 T, coil ID ~0.5m, length ~10m



Outline:Outline:MANX Following MICE at RALMANX Following MICE at RAL

What It IsWhat It Is Changes Required for MANXChanges Required for MANX Current Status of MANXCurrent Status of MANX Participating InstitutionsParticipating Institutions SummarySummary



MANX Following MICE at MANX Following MICE at RALRAL



MANX Following MICEMANX Following MICE The HS will be installed at the MICE beam line, The HS will be installed at the MICE beam line,

where much of the MICE apparatus can be reused.where much of the MICE apparatus can be reused. However, changes will be requiredHowever, changes will be required

Incident muon beam momentum increased to 350 MeV/cIncident muon beam momentum increased to 350 MeV/c MANX requires more precise longitudinal momentum MANX requires more precise longitudinal momentum

resolution, for a resolution, for a 6-D cooling experiment, perhaps by TOF measurements6-D cooling experiment, perhaps by TOF measurements

MANX may need upgraded Cherenkov counters to identify MANX may need upgraded Cherenkov counters to identify muons and reject pions at 350 MeV/cmuons and reject pions at 350 MeV/c

Particle trajectories must be measured at a number of Particle trajectories must be measured at a number of positions within the cooling channel, in order to test the positions within the cooling channel, in order to test the theory of cooling within the HCCtheory of cooling within the HCC

There may be differences in triggering and in DAQThere may be differences in triggering and in DAQ Experimental layout must be reconfigured for the HCC, Experimental layout must be reconfigured for the HCC,

matching sections, and detectorsmatching sections, and detectors



Muons, Inc. Project HistoryMuons, Inc. Project History

Underlined Underlined are explicitly related to HCCare explicitly related to HCC

YearYear Project Project Expected Funds Expected Funds Research PartnerResearch Partner

2002-52002-5 High Pressure RF CavityHigh Pressure RF Cavity $600,000 $600,000 IIT (Dan K.)IIT (Dan K.)2003-72003-7 Helical Cooling ChannelHelical Cooling Channel $850,000$850,000 Jlab (Slava D.)Jlab (Slava D.)2004-52004-5 MANX demo experimentMANX demo experiment $ 95,000$ 95,000 FNAL TD (Victor Y.)FNAL TD (Victor Y.)2004-7 2004-7 Phase Ionization CoolingPhase Ionization Cooling $745,000$745,000 Jlab (Slava D.)Jlab (Slava D.)2004-72004-7 HTS MagnetsHTS Magnets $795,000$795,000 FNAL TD (Victor Y.)FNAL TD (Victor Y.)2005-92005-9 Reverse Emittance Exch.Reverse Emittance Exch. $850,000$850,000 Jlab (Slava D.)Jlab (Slava D.)2005-92005-9 Capture, ph. rotationCapture, ph. rotation $850,000$850,000 FNAL AD (Dave N.)FNAL AD (Dave N.)2006-9 2006-9 G4BL Sim. ProgramG4BL Sim. Program $850,000 $850,000 IIT (Dan K.)IIT (Dan K.)2006-92006-9 MANX 6D Cooling Demo MANX 6D Cooling Demo $850,000$850,000 FNAL TD (M. Lamm)FNAL TD (M. Lamm)2007-102007-10 Stopping Muon BeamsStopping Muon Beams $750,000$750,000 FNAL APC (Chuck A.)FNAL APC (Chuck A.)2007-102007-10 HCC MagnetsHCC Magnets $750,000$750,000 FNAL TD (Sasha Z.)FNAL TD (Sasha Z.)2007-82007-8 Compact, Tunable RFCompact, Tunable RF $100,000$100,000 FNAL AD (Milorad P.)FNAL AD (Milorad P.)2008-92008-9 Pulsed Quad RLAsPulsed Quad RLAs $100,000$100,000 Jlab (Alex B.)Jlab (Alex B.)2008-92008-9 Fiber Optics for HTSFiber Optics for HTS $100,000$100,000 FSU (Justin S.)FSU (Justin S.)2008-92008-9 RF Breakdown StudiesRF Breakdown Studies $100,000$100,000 LBNL (Derun L.)LBNL (Derun L.)2008-92008-9 Rugged RF WindowsRugged RF Windows $100,000$100,000 Jlab (Bob Rimmer)Jlab (Bob Rimmer)2008-92008-9 H2-filled RF CavitiesH2-filled RF Cavities $100,000$100,000 FNAL APC (Katsuya FNAL APC (Katsuya

Y.)Y.)20092009 Illinois matching Illinois matching $150,000$150,000 DCEO DCEO

(Hedin)(Hedin)



HCC Magnets for MANXHCC Magnets for MANX

Prototype coils for MANX have been designed and modeled. Construction of a 4-coil assembly using SSC cable is complete. Tests in the TD vertical Dewar will start soon. Since the MANX matching sections are made of coils with varying offset, they are more expensive than the cooling region. Consequently the total magnet cost can be drastically reduced if the matching sections are not needed.



HCC Magnets using HTSHCC Magnets using HTS

Beam cooling to reduce the size of a muon beam depends on the magnetic field strength. The Phase II proposal to develop this hybrid scheme has been approved. Here a hybrid magnet of Nb3Sn (green) and HTS (red) could provide up to 30 T in an HCC design.



MANX as a Pre-coolerMANX as a Pre-cooler

z = 0 m

z = 3 m

z = 6 m

p (MeV/c)

10k POT

•Used LiH plate in this simulation•Good transmission



Simpler Option without Simpler Option without Matching SectionsMatching Sections

LHe or LH2 region

Matching sectionsRequires transverse

displacement of downstream spectrometer

Magnet ~$10M

Magnet < $5M



Discussions with Discussions with MICE CollaborationMICE Collaboration

Rolland Johnson presented the idea of “MANX Rolland Johnson presented the idea of “MANX Following MICE at RAL” to the MICE Collaboration Following MICE at RAL” to the MICE Collaboration (October 20, 2008, at RAL)(October 20, 2008, at RAL)

A MICE Collaboration Committee was formed to A MICE Collaboration Committee was formed to investigate this conceptinvestigate this concept Questions were posed by John CobbQuestions were posed by John Cobb Answers have been provided by Muons, Inc.Answers have been provided by Muons, Inc.

Feb 09 presentation to FNAL AAC has been scheduledFeb 09 presentation to FNAL AAC has been scheduled A 55-page proposal has been preparedA 55-page proposal has been prepared Will request support from FNAL for MANX at MICE ($5-10M Will request support from FNAL for MANX at MICE ($5-10M

magnet)magnet) An expression of interest from the MICE collaboration would An expression of interest from the MICE collaboration would

be very welcome! be very welcome! We invite HIT to become seriously involved in the HS for We invite HIT to become seriously involved in the HS for

MANX.MANX.



Participating InstitutionsParticipating Institutions

Muons, Inc.Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator FacilityUniversity of Chicago

University of California at RiversideIllinois Institute of Technology

Northern Illinois University



Summary: MANXSummary: MANX Will Test:Will Test:

Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC)Theory of Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) p-dependent HCC with continuous absorberp-dependent HCC with continuous absorber

Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) and absorber Helical Solenoid Magnet (HS) and absorber similar to that required for upgrade to mu2e similar to that required for upgrade to mu2e experimentexperiment

Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)Simulation programs (G4BL, ICOOL)

Minimizes costs and timeMinimizes costs and time no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E no RF, uses normalized emittance, ~5 m LHe E

absorberabsorber RF is developed in parallel with new conceptsRF is developed in parallel with new concepts builds on MICE, adds 6-D capability, ~ps builds on MICE, adds 6-D capability, ~ps

detectorsdetectors

Muons, Inc. MANX Update: MANX Following MICE at RAL MICE cm 23 – January 14, 2008 Richard Sah.

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