Muon Collider R&D in the US. Muon Collider Program Closely coupled with R&D on the Neutrino Factory...
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Transcript of Muon Collider R&D in the US. Muon Collider Program Closely coupled with R&D on the Neutrino Factory...
Muon Collider R&D in the US
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 2
Muon Collider Program
· Closely coupled with R&D on the Neutrino Factory IDS-NF
· The R&D program is now encompassed in a 5 Year Plan Proposal submitted to DOE in December, 2008
· Two Main Thrusts Support on-going international commitments
MICE IDS
Deliver a Muon Collider Design Feasibility Study by 2013
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 3
Muon Complex Evolution At Fermilab
• Starting with a high-intensity proton source: Project X• We see a natural evolution of
“muon” program for Fermilab• Project X ® Low-Energy NF
(pointing to Homestake) ® High-Energy NF ® 1.5 TeV MC ® 4 TeV MC
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 4
Part I: IDS-NF
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 5
IDS-NF Option: 4 GeV n-Factory
· Fermilab to DUSEL (South Dakota) baseline -1290km
· 4 GeV muons yield appropriate L/En
· Use a magnetized totally active scintillator detector
Ankenbrandt, Bogacz, Bross, Geer, Johnstone, Neuffer, PopovicFermilab-Pub-09-001-APC; Submitted to PRSTAB
Geer, Mena, Pascoli Phys. ReV D 75, 093001 (2007)Bross, Ellis, Geer, Mena, Pascoli Phys. ReV D 77, 093012 (2008)
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 6
The Energy Frontier via m+ m- Collisions
MC: One Concept 4 TeV Center-of-Mass
• Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron Acceleration
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 7
Muon Collider - Motivation
Reach Multi-TeV Lepton-Lepton Collisions at High Luminosity
Muon Colliders may have special role for precision measurements.
Small DE beam spread –Precise energy scans
Small Footprint -Could Fit on Existing Laboratory Site
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 8
The Supersymmetric Particle Zoo
· Independent of actual supersymmetric mass scale and the reach of the ILC, the 2004 CLIC Study conclusions are still valid “A Multi-TeV
machine is needed for extended coverage of the mass range
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 9
The Gospel According to Snowmass
Do we really need a multi-TeV COM Lepton Collider?
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 10
But the Physics Case is Not Static
A typical sample “compressed” Higgs and superpartner mass spectrum with WDMh2 = 0.11An unfortunate feature, quite common to this scenario for dark matter, is that no visible superpartners would be within reach of a linear collider with √s = 500 GeV
Stephen Martinhep-ph/0703097
March, 2007
StrongCase for
considering Multi-TeV
Lepton Collider
U.S. Muon Acceleration R&D Community
The Usual Suspects
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 12
OrganizationWe have been around a while – “You can’t tell the players without a
score card”
• NFMCC (Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider Collab.)– National collaboration funded since 1999.– Pursues Neutrino Factory & Muon Collider R&D.– NF R&D pursued with international partners
• MCTF (Muon Collider Task Force)– Task Force established at Fermilab in 2006– Pursues Muon Collider R&D, utilizing FNAL assets and
extends & complements the NFMCC program• MCCC (Muon Collider Coordinating Committee)– Leadership of NFMCC (Bross, Kirk, Zisman) and MCTF
(Geer, Shiltsev)– Co-ordinates NFMCC & MCTF plans to optimize the
overall program … has worked well and resulted in a joint 5 year plan for future activities.
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 13
Muon Acceleration R&D Organization
· R&D Program carried out by two groups Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration Fermilab Muon Collider Task Force
MUON COLLIDER R&D CO-ORD COMMITTEE
MUONCOLLIDERR&DPROGRAM
NFMCCLEADERSHIPA. Bross, H. Kirk
M. Zisman
MCTFLEADERSHIP
S. GeerV. Shiltsev
+
MuCoolMICE
IDS-NFLow-Energy NFDesign & Sim.
MTA Beam LineHP RF
Helical CoolingHigh-Tc SC
Design & Sim
NEUTRINOFACTORYR&DPROGRAM
The Muon Collider
Addressing the Technological Challenges
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 15
Parameters of Different MC options
Low Emit. High Emit. MCTF07 MCTF08s (TeV) 1.5Av. Luminosity (1034/cm2/s) * 2.7 1 1.33-2 Av. Bending field (T) 10 6 6Mean radius (m) 361.4 500 500 495No. of IPs 4 2 2Proton Driver Rep Rate (Hz) 65 13 40-60Beam-beam parameter/IP 0.052 0.087 0.1* (cm) 0.5 1 1Bunch length (cm) 0.5 1 1No. bunches / beam 10 1 1No. muons/bunch (1011) 1 20 11.3Norm. Trans. Emit. (m) 2.1 25 12.3Energy spread (%) 1 0.1 0.2Norm. long. Emit. (m) 0.35 0.07 0.14Total RF voltage (GV) at 800MHz 407103c 0.21** 0.84** 0.3†
Muon survival N/N0 0.31 0.07 0.2 ?+ in collision / proton 0.047 0.01 0.03 ?8 GeV proton beam power 3.62*** 3.2 1.9-2.8 ?---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 16
Muon Collider Facility
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 17
R&D Program Overview II
High Power Targetry – NF & MC (MERIT Experiment) Initial Cooling – NF & MC (MICE (4D Cooling)) 200 (& 805) MHz RF - NF & MC (MuCool and Muon’s Inc)
Investigate RF cavities in presence of high magnetic fields Obtain high accelerating gradients (~15MV/m) Investigate Gas-Filled RF cavities
Intense 6D Cooling – MC RFOFO “Guggenheim” Helical Channel Cooling (MANX Proposal) Parametric Resonance Ionization Cooling
Bunch Recombination - MC Acceleration– A cost driver for both NF & MC, but in very
different ways FFAG’s – (EMMA Demonstration) Multi-turn RLA’s – a BIG cost reducer RCS for MC
Storage Ring(s) – NF & MC Theoretical Studies NF & MC
Analytic Calculations Lattice Designs Numeric Simulations
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 18
The Experiment Reached 30TP @ 24 GeV
· Beam pulse energy = 115kJ· B-field = 15T· Jet Velocity = 20 m/s· Measured Disruption Length = 28 cm· Required “Refill” time is then 28cm/20m/s = 14ms
Rep rate of 70Hz Proton beam power at that rate is 115kJ *70 = 8MW
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 19
The Basic Problem – B Field Effect805 MHz Studies
· Data seem to follow universal curve Max stable
gradient degrades quickly with B field
· Re-measured Same results
Gra
die
nt
in M
V/m
Peak Magnetic Field in T at the Window
>2X Reduction @ required field
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 20
805 MHz Imaging
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 21
201 MHz Cavity RunningSummary I (B=0)
Design Gradient
Limited by RFPower
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 22
201 MHz Cavity RunningSummary II (B>0)
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 23
Facing the RF B Field Challenge
· Three Approaches to a Solution Reduce/eliminate field emission
Process cavities utilizing SCRF techniques Material Studies
– Surface coatings– Non-Cu bodies
RF cavities filled with High-Pressure gas (H2)
Utilize Paschen effect to stop breakdown Magnetic Insulation
Eliminate magnetic focusing– Not Yet Tested
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 24
High-Gradient RF Operation B Field
· Promising indications @ a Solution SCRF Processing techniques help
Reduce dark current– More advanced techniques (Atomic-Layer-
Deposition) may do more
Cavity material properties seem to be important
TiN helps– Coupled with SCRF processing may reduce FE
even more Mo, Be Coatings?
Gas-filled cavities show promise Operation with beam critical next test
Muon Collider Design
Emphasis on Cooling
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 26
Muon Collider Design Progress
· Muon Collider designs start with a NF front-end, but require a much more ambitious cooling channel (6D cooling ~ O(106) c.f. 4D cooling ~ O(100).
· In the last 5 years concepts for a complete end-to-end self con-sistent cooling scheme have been developed Requires beyond state-of-art components: need to be
developed Hardware development and further simulations need to
proceed together to inform choices between alternative technologies
· Also progress on acceleration scheme & Collider ring design, but the cooling channel presently provides the main Muon Collider challenge
NFFRONTEND
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 27
A Muon Collider Cooling Scenario
Guggenheim RFOFO - Simulations
RF
liquid H2
solenoid
Pavel Snopok
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 29
Helical Cooling Channel
· Magnetic field is solenoid B0+ dipole + quad
· System is filled with H2 gas, includes rf cavities
· Cools 6-D (large E means longer path length)
· But, incorporating RF is Engineering challenge!
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 30
HCC Magnet Design & Prototyping
· Helical solenoid (HS): Smaller coils than in a “snake” design Smaller peak field Lower cost
· Field components in HS determined by geometry Over constrained Coil radius is not free
parameter· 4 Coil Demonstration
Model Validate mechanical
structure and fabrication methods
Study quench performance and margins, field quality, quench protection
Use SSC conductor
Outer bandage rings
Inner bobbin
Superconducting coils (one layer, hard bend wound)
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 31
Final Cooling
· LH2 absorbers tested in MICE· 50 T Solenoids
National Very High Field Superconducting Magnet Collaboration
2 Year $4M program to study HTS conductor and cable
Acceleration
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 33
Acceleration - Overview
· RLA: get more passes Ramp linac magnets, get more
passes (12) Non-scaling FFAG arcs: get 2 passes
per arc, maybe more· Fast ramping synchrotron (RCS)
Potential for many more passes· FFAG: not studied much as yet for
Muon Collider
0.6 GeV/pass
3.6 GeV
0.9 GeV
244 MeV 146 m
79 m
2 GeV/pass
264 m
12.6 GeV
Dogbone RLA - footprint
-5000
-4000
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000 11000 16000 21000 26000 31000
z [cm]
x [cm]
Initial Acceleration – Neutrino Factory
1300
Tue Jun 10 21:06:52 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - D:\IDS\Arcs\Arc1.opt
15
0
3-3
BE
TA_
X&
Y[m
]
DIS
P_
X&
Y[m
]
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
Define beamlines/lattices for all components
34Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 35
Acceleration -RCS
The Way Forward
Joint NFMCC and Fermilab MCTF 5 Year Proposal to DOE
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 37
The 5 Year PlanA Proposal Has now been submitted to
DOE
· A joint US: NFMCC-MCTF Plan A measured program based on the solid muon
accelerator R&D achievements of the last decade Sufficiently ambitious to make substantial progress
before the next round of long-term decisions by the particle physics community
Includes accelerator, physics & detector studies – we also have plans & estimates for physics & detector studies, but will be in a separate proposal)
· Meets our existing commitments (NF-RDR, MICE) and in addition will deliver: MC performance requirements based on physics A first end-to-end MC simulation Critical component development & proof-of-principle
experiments A first MC cost estimate
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 38
“The 5 Year Plan”(developed by All-US Community, coordinated by
MCCC)
• Goals :I. establish feasibility of a Muon Collider by
2012-13
II. deliver MC-DFS by 2013 and NF-RDR by 2012
III. greatly narrow technology options, end-end simul’s
IV. give cost estimates for MC and NF
• Staged approach: PD MCTF NF MC
- perfectly aligned with Fermilab’s long term plan outlined in Steering Group Report and P5 report
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 39
5-Year Plan of Muon Accelerator R&DProgress to Date
· v1.0 presented to MUTAC in Aug’08· 1 hr briefing of D.Kovar and J.Blazey Nov’08· Presented at the Dec’08 DoE review of
Accelerator Science Elaborated coherently in presentations of 4
labs FNAL, LBNL, BNL and ANL
· Formally submitted to DoE in Dec’08 Current status: “interesting… wait” (CR,
ARRA, budget, etc)
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 40
Elements of the MC R&D Plan
Resources
FUNDING PROFILE
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
YEAR
FU
ND
S
(K$)
M&S
SWF
TOTAL
NOTE: Roll-over in years 4-5 provides an opportunity to initiate post-DFS activities, should the community wish us to proceed to the next step
PROPOSED EFFORT CONTRIBUTIONS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
YEAR
EF
FO
RT
(F
TE
)
LBNLBNLFNALOTHERSUM
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009
» X3 Increase in Effort
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 42
Muon Collider Technical Foundation after 5 YearsFrom Here to There
Encouraging “Words”
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 44
Very High Field SC Magnet Collaboration
· The immediate goals (2 years): The immediate goal (2 years) is to understand if Bi 2212
is a suitable vehicle for this task. develop the technology to build magnets with B>30 T Funded for 2 years @ $2M/yr
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 45
The committee endorses the integrated NFMCC and MCTF 5-year plan with the following goals: - NF RDR - Muon Collider feasibility report which depends on: MC performance requirements based on physics End to end MC simulation Critical component development and testing First cost estimate
The collaboration estimates a factor of 3 increase in people resources is required and the committee agrees - Laboratories are not prepared to commit the full increment. The remainder will come from universities and SBIR initiatives - it is not clear to the committee that the expertise is available [ed. Help is Welcome!]We are impressed with the flow of new ideas, but concerned that given limited resources, options must be reduced.
April 2009 MUTAC Review“Selected Excerpts”
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 46
MICE
· Impressive progress MICE experimental running (parasitic) Civil engineering Instrumentation installation and testing Magnet design and procurement drives the
early steps in the programme. Cavity
· Coordination with the ISIS schedule puts constraints on a complex and demanding programme. Moms will be increasingly important in ensuring reactive scheduling.
· Five Year Plan Six step programme matches both Neutrino
and Muon programmes.
Alan Bross UKNF Meeting Lancaster April 22, 2009 47
MICE
· Recommendations· To assess the performance of the 201 MHz
RF in the magnetic field levels for MICE to verify the assumption of dark current levels.
· Recognising the vital contribution that a timely delivery of MICE step VI will make to both the neutrino factory IDS and a Design Feasibility Study (DFS) for a Muon Collider, this committee recommends that maximum pressure is exerted by the collaboration on UK funding bodies to make a timely decision to fund the entire programme to the aspirational timescale.
· Provide an assessment of the timescales and costs of a wedge absorber test MICE