Mumbai Coordinated Shootings - 26Nov2008 - v2.1 … first attack occurred at 2115 local time on 26...

SIGNIFICANT TERRORIST EVENT REPORT (STER)

Mumbai Coordinated Shootings26 Nov. 2008

v2.1

(MCS-26NOV2008)

30 Nov. 200818:24:09 EST / 23:24:09 GMT

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of 58 – MCS-26NOV2008 v2.1 – 30 Nov. 2008Copyright © 2008 IntelCenter/Tempest Publishing, LLC

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

..................................................................................................EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4

........................................................................................................................OVERVIEW 5

.......................................................OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF PLACES TARGETED 8

.................................................................................................TIMELINE OF ATTACKS 9

...................................................................................................................THE ATTACK 11

...................................................................................................................CASUALTIES 15

.........................................................................................................................GUNMEN 18

................................................................................AJMAL AMIR KASAB (GUNMAN) 19

...................................................VESSELS PURPORTEDLY RELATED TO ATTACK 20

...........................................................................THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL - TARGET 22

.............................................OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL 27

..............................................................................GENERAL TAJ MAHAL IMAGERY 28

........................................................................OBEROI-TRIDENT HOTEL - TARGET 30

...................................................OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE OBEROI HOTEL 32

.......................................................GENERAL IMAGERY OF THE OBEROI HOTEL 33

..................................THE CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS (CST) - TARGET 35

....OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS (CST) 36

........GENERAL IMAGERY OF THE CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS (CST) 37

..................................................................THE LEOPOLD RESTAURANT - TARGET 38

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....................................OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE LEOPOLD RESTAURANT 40

.......................................................................................NARIMAN HOUSE - TARGET 41

...............................................OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE NARIMAN HOUSE 43

.........................................................VILE PARLE - TAXICAB BOMBING - TARGET 44

............................................................THE RAMADA HOTEL - POSSIBLE TARGET 45

.........................................................................................CAMA HOSPITAL - TARGET 46

............................IMAGERY OF POLICE VAN OUTSIDE OF METRO JUNCTION 47

...........................................................................SANTA CRUZ DOMESTIC AIRPORT 48

........................................................................IMAGERY OF SUSPECTED GUNMAN 49

...................................................................DECCAN MUJAHIDEEN EMAIL CLAIM 52

......................................................PHONE CALL FROM GUNMAN IMRAN BABAR 53

....................................PHONE CALL FROM GUNMAN SAHADULLAH - OBEROI 53

.................................................................LASHER-E-TOIBA (LET) INVOLVEMENT 53

................................................................DENIAL FROM LASHKAR-E-TOIBA (LET) 54

........................................................................LASHKAR-E-TOIBA (LET) - HISTORY 55

.......................................................................................INTELLIGENCE WARNINGS 55

.........................................................................AL-QAEDA REFERENCES TO INDIA 56

........................................................................................PAST ATTACKS IN MUMBAI 58

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NOTE:THIS IS A DYNAMIC WORKING DOCUMENT AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE.Questions or comments can be directed to Ben Venzke at [email protected] or [email protected]. The latest release can be found at http://www.intelcenter.com.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAt 2115 local time on 26 Nov. 2008, gunmen in Mumbai launched attacks on several high-profile targets. Two hotels, the Taj Mahal and the Oberoi were attacked by gunmen with assault rifles, grenades and RDX explosives. Gunfire also reportedly took place outside the Ramada Hotel. The Chhatrapai Terminus (formerly known as Victoria Terminus) and a popular restaurant known as Leopold’s were also attacked along with a police headquarters in the area. At least 195 people were killed and approximately 327 people were injured, among them American, Australians, Britons, Canadians, Japanese and others. The gunmen were overtaken after 60 hours of fighting.

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OVERVIEWBeginning at 2115 local time on 26 Nov. 2008, gunmen with guns, grenades and RDX explosives attacked a series of targets in Mumbai, India. Reports indicated that the gunmen arrived by boat and had set up control centers within the hotels that were assaulted. Some reports say the control centers had been set up in advance of the main groups arrival.

The first attack occurred at 2115 local time on 26 Nov., when gunmen opened fire on Leopold’s restaurant. Some or all of these attackers were then seen taking a road leading to the Taj Mahal hotel.

The next reported attack occurred at 2120 local time, when two men on a scooter threw a grenade at a gas pump near Nariman house. The two men then entered Nariman house, a Jewish community center, and took hostages. Following the building being stormed on 28 Nov., the bodies of five hostages were recovered. Reports indicate that the situation has been resolved.

At 2124 local time, at least four gunmen stormed the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and threw hand grenades and fired assault rifles indiscriminately. Some of these gunmen were reported to exit the terminal and enter the nearby Cama hospital and opened fire on people.

At 2130 local time, gunmen stormed the Taj Mahal luxury hotel and took hostages. At least seven explosive devices were heard detonating from within the hotel. At 0200 local time on 27 Nov., part of the roof caught on fire.

At 2135 local time on 26 Nov., a second nearby luxury hotel, the Oberoi, was stormed by gunmen. Hostages were taken and at least one explosion was heard emanating from the hotel.

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A number of secondary or incidental targets were hit by terrorists. At 2155 local time, an explosive device detonated in a taxi in Vile Parle, killing three. At 2215 local time, gunmen in a Skoda vehicle opened fire randomly outside of the Cama hospital. At 2230 local time, the Metro cinema came under attack from gunmen. At 2245 local time, an explosive device within a second taxi detonated at Wadi Bunder, injuring 15-16. At 2250 local time, two gunmen clashed with police in the Girgaum Chowpatty area; both were killed. Clashes also occurred at a police headquarters as well as the Ramada hotel.

Initial analysis indicates that primary targets appear to have been: the Oberoi Hotel, the Taj Mahal Hotel, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Nariman House and Leopold’s restaurant. The taxicab explosions, the hospitals, Metro Cinema and the police headquarters all appear to be secondary targets or were hit during roving firefights.

Hostages were reported taken in the Taj Mahal, the Oberoi Hotel, the Cama Hospital and Nariman House. Mumbai police spokesman Satish Katsa told CNN that gunmen have taken over the Taj Mahal Hotel and Oberoi, and were holding hostages on multiple floors. The Mumbai police chief stated that all hostages in the Taj Mahal hotel had been freed as of 0830 local time on 27 Nov. but then changed his comment shortly after to say “most” of the hostages had been freed. As of 2350 local time on 28 Nov., there were indications that the situation at the Taj Mahal was still continuing, while conflicts at the Oberoi and Nariman house appeared to be resolved.

The situation at the Oberoi was resolved first. This was followed by the standoff at Nariman House and then hours later at the Taj Mahal. The conclusion of fighting at the Taj Mahal occurred about 60 hours after the beginning of the attack on targets in Mumbai.

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At least 195 people were reported killed. Approximately 327 people were reported injured. Among the injured were three American nationals, two Canadians, seven Britons, one Japanese, two Israelis, one Thai and two Australian citizens. One British national, an Italian, an Australian, a Greek, five Americans and a German were reported killed. Nine Europeans were admitted to Bombay hospital from the Taj Mahal hotel with gunshot injures. Three of them were in critical condition. Five gunmen were reported dead, nine were arrested and three were detained.

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OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF PLACES TARGETED

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TIMELINE OF ATTACKS• 2115 local time, 26 Nov.: Gunmen opened fire at Leopold’s restaurant.• 2120: Two men on a scooter threw a grenade at a gas pump at Nariman House, near the

Bootleggers pub. They then entered Nariman house and killed two people in a Jewish residential building.

• 2124: Gunmen stormed the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, throwing grenades and shooting at people.

• 2130: Gunmen walked through the service door of the Taj Mahal hotel and stormed the building.

• 2135: The Oberoi hotel came under attack from gunmen.• 2155: An explosive device in a taxi detonates in Vile Parle, killing three.• 2215: Gunmen in a Skoda vehicle opened fire randomly outside of the Cama hospital.• 2230: The Metro Cinema came under attack from gunmen.• 2245: An explosive device within a taxi detonated at Wadi Bunder, injuring 15-16.• 2250: Two gunmen clashed with police in the Girgaum Chowpatty area; both were

killed.• 0230 local time, 27 Nov.: Explosions reported at Taj Mahal hotel.• 0730: Indian commandoes enter Taj Mahal hotel.• 1030: Members of the National Security Guard start doing room-to-room searches at

the Taj Mahal.• 1115: Indian maid and child of foreign nationality seen fleeing Nariman house.• 1120: Indian commandoes begin firing at gunmen at Nariman house.• 1123: Number of injured policemen is stated as 25.• 1151: Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister R R Patil, outside the Oberoi, said that five

terrorists had been killed and one had been captured in Mumbai.• 1152: Patil: Nine terrorists arrested and interrogated.• 1201.: Major R K Hooda: At least four terrorists in Taj Mahal, along with 40-50 trapped

hotel guests.• 1204: British High Commissioner Sir Richard Stag: Seven British citizens injured.

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• 1205: Sources tell Zee News that 10 of the gunmen are Pakistani.• 1210: Two bodies are evacuated from the Taj Mahal and taken away in an ambulance.• 1234: Seven bodies evacuated from the Taj Mahal hotel.• 1239: One terrorist at Nariman house killed, six more suspected in the building.• 1242: Clashes between security forces and terrorists at Nariman house.• 1302: Explosion heard from Oberoi.• 1304: Second explosion heard from Oberoi.• 1319: One body removed from Taj Mahal; total bodies brought out at this point is three.• 1327: Hand grenades lobbed at security forces from roof of Oberoi.• 1430: Two explosions were reported coming from the Taj Mahal hotel.• 2346: Three blasts were heard at Nariman house.• 1215 local time, 28 Nov.: Two blasts heard at Taj Mahal.

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THE ATTACK • On the evening of 26 Nov. 2008, gunmen attacked a series of high-profile targets in the

Colaba region of Mumbai as well as other areas.• Primary targets:

• The Taj Mahal hotel• The Oberoi hotel• Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus• Leopolds Restarant• Nariman House

• Secondary/incidental targets:• Taxicab in Vile Parle• Taxicab in Mazegaon dockyard road• Cama hospital• GT Hospital• Metro Cinema• Police headquarters• BTP Petrol Station

• The attackers were described as wearing hoods or masks and having automatic weapons.

• Maharashtra Chief Minister: About 20 terrorists entered Mumbai.• NDTV: A group of 20 of the gunmen arrived at the scene of the attack on a hijacked

trawler.• It was reported that gunmen used a fishing boat to travel to the scene of the attacks

from Gujarat.• A BTP petrol pump reportedly exploded, killing an unspecified number of people.• A taxi was reported to have exploded in the suburban district of Vile Parle.• A second taxi explosion was reported in Mazegaon dockyard road.• There were reports of explosives in vehicles.

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• Gunmen were reported to have escaped from an unspecified location in a black Skoda vehicle.

• An unspecified number of gunmen were reported to be holed up in a location nearby apparently known as the Nariman House; following the storming of the building by Indian commandoes, all were killed.

• Fighting was reported at Metro Cinema.• Dadar station was evacuated after the attacks began.• Chief of the Maharashtra State police A.N. Roy said attackers had fired automatic

weapons indiscriminately and used grenades, adding that some of them were still holed up in buildings.

• Unconfirmed reports said that 40 UK nationals and other foreigners were being held hostage.

• The NDTV news channel showed several yellow and black rubber dinghies on a beach near the hotels, apparently used by the gunmen to reach the area.

• Two explosive devices with RDX found and rendered safe, location not disclosed• Some terrorists have fled in two vehicles. They have taken a jeep (registration no:

MH01-ZA102) belonging to Maharashtra government and a police Qualis (registration no: MH01-BA5179). Police have asked the public that if anyone knows the whereabouts of the two vehicles, then the information can be given on Ph No. 100 or 022-24937755, 24937747.

• Gunmen landed at Gateway in boat(s) and divided into separate groups.• R.R. Patil, chief of internal security for the state of Maharashtra, said the gunmen came

from the sea about 2100 Wednesday, and a boat laden with explosives was later seized by police. About 2125, eyewitnesses told reporters, two men with automatic weapons started firing outside the popular Leopold Cafe, after which the attackers moved toward the Taj hotel, firing at random as some of them moved to the city's main train station.

• Sten guns, AK-47, AK-56 and MP5s and MP6s are known weapons used by the gunmen.

• Gunmen believed to be 22-25 years old and about 26 in number.

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• Business operations of Japanese companies Mitsubishi, Mitsui & Co and Sojitz halted operations in the city on account of the attacks.

• Japanese officials said that Japanese nationals were holed up inside one or both of the hotels.

• The gunmen reportedly had huge loads of almonds on hand, apparently to be used as food in a long siege.

• It was reported that the gunmen had set up an advance control room in the Taj Mahal and the Oberoi hotels, and had done prior reconnaissance on the areas.

• Two German members of the European Parliament, Daniel Caspary (Christian Democratic Union) and Erika Mann (Social Democratic Party of Germany) were also in Mumbai as members of an EU delegation, but were not any targeted sites when the attack occurred.

• Landed in boats at two locations. One in Colaba. Reportedly met by two locals.• Weapons, supplies, etc. procured locally according to government sources based on

information from interrogations• Police Commissioner Hasan Gafoor at 1500 on 28 Nov: terrorists are using some of the

phones of the hostages.• An unidentified commando who participated in storming one of the hotels said, “The

bodies were lying strewn here and there. There was blood all over and in trying to avoid the casualty of those civilians, we had to be that much more careful.”

• Gunmen split up into four groups and use the city black-and-yellos Fiat taxis from the fishing colony at Cuffe Parade to some of the attack locations. The attackers left grenades or explosive devices in taxis before they got out, which later detonated.

• Joint Police Commissioner - Crime Branch - Rakesh Maria: “Four Indians were already on the boat and the terrorists killed three of them while they used one, Amar Narayan, to handle the boat. When the boat was just three nautical miles away from shore, they slit Narayan's throat and dumped his body in the trawler. They then used their own skill to come to shore. After landing at Fish Market at Cuffe Parade near Colaba, they formed four groups and hired taxis to reach to their destinations. A group of two young

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terrorists entered Hotel Oberoi, four into Hotel Taj Mahal, two stormed into Nariman House while the rest entered the CST railway station from its mail trains' gate. Their plan was just to cause maximum damage and return with hostages protecting themselves.”

• Joint Police Commissioner - Crime Branch - Rakesh Maria: “We have recovered 10 AK-56 rifles, 10 9mm pistols, two explosive devices of eight kg each etc. Kasab and Ismail had fired at Leopold before coming to CST. They all are highly-trained terrorists but it would be difficult to say which terror group they belonged to. We have also recovered 10 fake ID cards of some Indian colleges from the terrorists.”

• According to Joint Police Commissioner - Crime Branch - Rakesh Maria, gunmen had packed large quantities of dates, almonds and raisins which they ate during the attack.

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CASUALTIES• At least 195 people were killed and around 327 injured.• Municipal Commissioner R.A. Rajeev said St. George's Hospital and GT Hospital

received 75 bodies and more than 250 injured people.• Five Jewish hostages that had been living in Nariman house were reported killed.• Attackers

• Nine gunmen were killed and one was captured, Ajmal Qasab• Two gunmen were killed as they fled the Oberoi hotel, while two others managed to

escape.• Indian Security Forces

• Seven policemen were among the dead, 25 policemen were among the injured.• ATS Chief Hemant Kakare was reported as among the casualties. He reportedly

died of a gunshot injury to the chest.• Municipal Commissioner R.A. Rajeev said St. George's Hospital and GT Hospital

received 75 bodies and more than 250 injured people.• One of the casualties reported was Commissioner Ashkok.

• American• 5-6 Americans killed• Two Americans from Virginia, Naomi and Alan Scherr, were killed at the Oberoi

according to the State Department.• US State Department reported three US citizens as being injured in the fighting; one

was a woman from Tennessee.• Australian

• Two Australian nationals were killed.• Two Australians were reported injured.• One of the dead was confirmed as Sydney resident Brett Taylor, a timber merchant.

• British• One British national was reported killed.

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• Entrepreneur Andreas Liveras, a British national, reportedly died of gunshot injuries in the basement of the Taj Mahal. He was apparently killed shortly after speaking to tv news via phone.

• British Foreign Secretary David Millband: more than 7 British nationals injured.• Canadian

• Two Canadians were killed• Two Canadians were reported injured.

• European• Reuters reported that one European official at the Taj Mahal was reported to be

among the injured.• Nine Europeans were injured and received by a hospital; three of them were in

critical condition.• French

• Two French nationals were killed.• German

• The German foreign ministry reported that three Germans had been killed.• According to ddp: According to the media company Camp TV one of the casualties

is Ralph Burkei, the former deputy president of [sports association] TSV 1860 Munich and the former treasurer of the CSU [Christian Social Union] Munich. Because of the terrorist attack on the Taj Mahal hotel, the 51-year-old could not leave his room. Together with his girlfriend, he tried to escape through the window, the manager of Camp TV, Burkei's business partner Ralph Piller, told ddp news agency in Munich. Burkei fell and died on the way to the hospital.

• Greek• Greek millionaire Andreas Liveras was one of those shot and killed in the Taj

Mahal.• Israeli

• Eight Israeli nationals were killed.• Italian

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• The Italian Foreign Ministry reported that one Italian national named Antonio de Lorenzo had been killed.

• Japanese• According to the Japanese Foreign Ministry, one Japanese national was among the

dead and one was injured.• The Japanese national who was killed has been identified as Hisashi Tsuda, 38, an

employee of Mitsui Marubeni Liquefied Gas Co., according to the company. He was shot at the Trident-Oberoi Hotel.

• A Japanese woman was reported killed.• Mauritanian

• One Mauritanian national was killed.• Sinagporean

• One Singaporean national was killed.• Thai

• One Thai woman was reported killed at the Oberoi.

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GUNMEN• Gunmen were believed to be 22-25 years old and about 26 in number.• At least two of the gunmen were reported to be British-born Pakistanis.• The Times of India reported that one of the purported Pakistani gunmen captured was

Ajmal Amir Kamal, a resident of Faridkot near Multan in Pakistan's Punjab province and a member of Lashkar-e Toiba (LeT).

• NDTV: A cell phone found on one of the dead gunmen had call records of phone calls placed to Pakistan.

• NDTV: There were 40 terrorists involved, 29 of them Pakistani and 11 from Bangladesh.

• NDTV: A group of 20 of the gunmen arrived at the scene of the attack on a hijacked trawler.

• Russian official Anatoliy Safonov on the gunmen’s tactics: “In essence, the tactics of the first raids of [Chechen field commanders] Basayev and Raduyev in Budennovsk and Pervomaysk was used. Then they for the first time in the world demonstrated the tactics of terrorizing entire population centres with the seizure of houses and hospitals. This tactics was, in substance, deployed also by the gunmen in Mumbai.”

• An unidentified Indian commando described the gunmen as looking “Just like boys,” to reporters: “They were the kind of people with no remorse. Anybody and whomsoever came in front of them they fired.”

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AJMAL AMIR KASAB (GUNMAN)• Only gunman captured• Participated in attack at CST along with Ismail Khan• 21-years-old• Reportedly told police he was trained at Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) camp in Pakistan.• Reportedly said, “Lashkar-e-Taiba is behind the terrorist acts in the city.”• Reportedly said during interrogations, “There were 24 of us who took one-year training

in camps organized by Laskar-e-Taiba (LeT) at Mansera and Muzzarafabad in Punjab province of Pakistan. Ten of us were later handpicked for the Mumbai operation.”

• Reportedly told interrogators ex-soldier Abdul Rahman (a.k.a. Chacha) had given them training.

• According to a source to The Times of India, “He [Kasab] said the first phase was of ‘very hard physical training’ of three months which included running 10 to 15 km. The next three months were for marine training like swimming, surfing, diving and boating in high seas. The rest included arms and ammunition training.”

• Reportedly told police after training that they were sent to Mumbai for a “short internship” during which they are believed to have done the recce of targets.

• Reportedly a resident of Faridkot village in Pakistani Punjab's Ukada District.• Kasab was shot in hand by police near Cama Hospital.• Captured near Girgaum Chowpatty.• Recovered satphone, GPS tracker and Rs 6,200.• Satphone had international numbers.

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VESSELS PURPORTEDLY RELATED TO ATTACK• Indian authorities stated that the gunmen entered Mumbai via boats.• Indian Home Ministry sources: “We have apprehended two cargo ships in a joint

operation near the Gujarat coast while they were sailing to Karachi. They are suspected to be the ships that ferried the terrorists near to Mumbai coast yesterday.”

• An abandoned fishing trawler identified as the al-Kabir with registration number BBR 2342 was boarded by the Indian Coast Guard in Gujarat at the coast of Okha; cell and satellite phones were found as well as the body of the trawler’s owner with his throat slit; it is believed to be connected to the attacks.

• Indian Navy forces boarded and cleared a ship from Karachi, named the MV Alpha, that had been suspected of being connected to the gunmen.

• Indian authorities said that the MV Alpha dispatched three speedboats heavily loaded with explosives and weapons, and that gunmen on these speedboats conducted the attacks..

• Captain Manohar Nambiar, spokesman for the western naval command, told AFP “We found all its [MV Alpha] papers were in order.”

• According to BBC: “The story of the Mumbai terror attacks likely began when a private fishing trawler with five crew members set sail from the Arabian sea off the coast of Porbandar in India's western Gujarat state on 13 November. Sometime during the next 12 days, the trawler was taken over at sea by at least 10 young men, aged between 20 and 23 years, carrying backpacks and bags, according to sources in the Mumbai police, coastguard, and commandos. Investigators still do not know what the men were sailing on and where they were coming from when they took over the trawler - though suspicion has fallen on the Pakistani port city of Karachi. What they do know is that the men tied up one of the crew in the trawler's engine room, and slit his throat. The abandoned trawler was found by Indian coastguard ships more than three nautical miles off Mumbai.”

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• The crew of fishing trawler was found dead. A satellite phone and GPS tracker was found on trawler and may have belonged to the gunmen. The GPS showed plans for a return trip to Karachi.

• According to investigators, gunmen abandoned the trawler and set off for Mumbai early on 26 Nov., a little more than 10 hours before the attack.

• One abandoned dinghy has been recovered off of one of the fishing colonies.• Skipper of trawler, Amar Narayan, had been detained by Pakistan for three months for

illegally entering Pakistani waters.• Joint Police Commissioner - Crime Branch - Rakesh Maria: “Four Indians were already

on the boat and the terrorists killed three of them while they used one, Amar Narayan, to handle the boat. When the boat was just three nautical miles away from shore, they slit Narayan's throat and dumped his body in the trawler. They then used their own skill to come to shore. After landing at Fish Market at Cuffe Parade near Colaba, they formed four groups and hired taxis to reach to their destinations.”

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THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL - TARGET• The Taj Mahal luxury hotel was one of the primary targets.• Reports state that gunmen came to the hotel from Leopold’s restaurant, another target.• The gunmen apparently accessed guest records upon arriving, looking for data on the

nationalities of guests.• Some of the gunmen reportedly arrived by boat near the Gateway to India.• The attackers were described as wearing black shirts and jeans• Upon entering the premises, gunmen immediately asked for US and British citizens.• An unnamed witness told Express India that “The men came on the ground floor

towards the pool side area and started firing indiscriminately at anything that moved. A man next to me was shot and died.”

• Mumbai police spokesman Satish Katsa told CNN that gunmen have taken over the Taj Mahal Hotel and Hotel Oberoi, and were holding hostages on multiple floors.

• Authorities believed that seven to 15 foreign hostages were being held in the hotel.• There were at least seven explosions reported at the hotel.• AFP reported that India security forces launched four grenades into the hotel in an

attempt to flush out gunmen. The gunmen returned fire.• Gunfights were continuing as of 1416 EST on 26 Nov.• Unconfirmed reports stated that two gunmen escaped the Taj Mahal in a police vehicle.• An apparent police van passed by the outside the hotel and opened fire on a crowd of

people. One man appeared to be injured by the gunfire. It is unclear if this is the same group of gunmen that reportedly escaped using a police vehicle

• At least 4-5 people were reported killed at the hotel.• Reports stated that gunmen held about 15 people, half of whom held British and US

passports.• An unnamed British guest at the Taj Mahal told the Telegraph that “They were very

young, like boys really, wearing jeans and T-shirts," he added. "They said they wanted anyone with British and American passports and then they took us up the stairs. I think they wanted to take us to the roof.”

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• At 0230 local time, Indian military forces surrounded the hotel and began to storm it.• There were reports of gunmen on the roof of the hotel throwing grenades over the edge

of the roof.• Security at the Taj Mahal was described as being relatively lax prior to the attacks; one

guard and a scanning device were present at the front entrance of the hotel.• The south roof of the hotel caught on fire at 0330 local time.• One European official was reported injured at the hotel.• European lawmaker Ignasi Guardans told Spanish radio, "My hotel is surrounded by

police and there are gunmen inside. We are in contact with some deputies inside the hotel, with one in a room and another hidden in the kitchen. There's another official hurt and in hospital."

• Nine Europeans were admitted to Bombay hotel with gunshot injuries; three of them were in critical condition.

• Rakesh Patel, a British witness who lives in Hong Kong and was staying at the Taj Mahal hotel on business, told NDTV, "I guess they were after foreigners, because they were asking for British or American passports. They had bombs. They came from the restaurant and took us up the stairs. Young boys, maybe 20 years old, 25 years old. They had two guns."

• Rakesh Patel told the Guardian, “They [the gunmen] rounded up about 15 people and brought them through to the kitchen and up a fire escape to the 10th floor, where they had us against the wall. They said that they wanted to take us to the roof, and tied up two women. They were asking for any US and UK passport holders and got everyone to drop their phones on the ground. At that point there was a huge blast and in all the smoke I managed to run back down the fire escape.

• Ashok Patel, a British citizen who fled from the Taj Mahal, told AP that the gunmen “were targeting foreigners. They kept shouting: `Who has US or UK passports?’”

• Approximately 200 people have been holed up in a hall in the old wing of the hotel since 2130 local time and were advised not to go outside on account of the gunmen.

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• Sajjad Karim, associated with a group of European lawmakers attending an upcoming EU-India summit, told The AP that he was in the main lobby of the Taj Mahal Hotel when "there was all of a sudden a lot of firing outside. Another gunmen appeared in front of us, carrying machine gun-type weapons. And he just started firing at us. I just turned and ran in the opposite direction."

• The hotel has a total of 582 centrally air-conditioned rooms, including 49 suites.• Fresh gunfire was reported at the hotel at 2216 EST on 26 Nov.• A boat with explosives was found near the gateway harbor.• Vikhroli police station senior inspector Habib Ansari was on his way to work from his

Colaba home when he saw two armed men, with sophisticated weaponry, trying to run into bylanes near the Gateway of India.

• The Mumbai police chief stated that all hostages in the Taj Mahal hotel had been freed as of 0830 local time, but later changed his statement to indicate that there were possibly still hostages.

• A bag of cash found near the Taj Mahal.• 8kg RDX was found near the Taj Mahal. It is believed to have been found in an eatery.• Twenty-six South Koreans staying in the hotel managed to escape uninjured.• As of 1330 EST, gunfire was still coming from the hotel.• Security forces in the Taj Mahal seized stun grenades, hand grenades, ammunition and

ATM cards along with US dollars from the terrorists.• The wife and two children of General Manager of Taj Hotels Karambir Kang were

killed in the terrorist attack on the hotel. Kang was uninjured.• Army sources indicated that the hotel had been mostly cleared out by 0330 local time.• One Pakistani reportedly arrested from Taj• According to Marine Commandos during press conference on 28 Nov.

• Found 12-15 bodies after entering Taj Mahal• Gunmen had great knowledge of hotel layout, entrances and exits• Gunmen moved regularly• Smoke in Taj CCTV room, couldn’t see in room

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• Gunmen operated in both old and new parts of Taj• Found rucksack containing

• USD$1,200 & Rs 6,000• 1 Mauritanian ID card• 7 credit cards from different major banks including CitiBank, ICICI, HDFC and

HSBC• 4 grenades of different makes• 7 full AK magazines and about 400 spare rounds• dried foods• plastic explosives (PE)

• Gunmen not wearing masks, less than 30 years of age and wearing t-shirts• Gunmen in Trident & Oberoi similar to Taj gunmen.• One AFP reporter along with two bystanders was reported injured outside of the

hotel.• Seven South African people who had been trapped in the building were safe and in

the care of South African diplomatic personnel.• As of 2020 local time on 28 Nov., there were reports of one gunman still inside of

the hotel.• Tata Grou and Taj Hotels Chairman Ratan Tata in interview on CNN with Fareed

Zakaria: “It's ironic that we did have such a warning and we did have some measures. People couldn't park their cars in the portico where you had to go through a metal detector. But if I look at what we had -- which all of us complained about -- it could not have stopped what took place. They didn't come through that entrance. They came from somewhere in the back. They planned everything. I believe the first thing they did, they shot a sniffer dog and his handler. They went through the kitchen, they knew what they were doing. ... There seems to be no doubt that they knew their way around the hotel," he said. "They seemed to know it in the night, or in the daytime. They seemed to have planned their moves quite well, and there seem

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to have been a lot of pre-planning in terms of what they did and how they managed to carry on for three days and sustain themselves during that time.”

• NSG Chief J K Dutt in The Times of India, "They avoided small rooms or kitchens where they could be easily trapped by us," Dutt said. The terrorists were setting the upholstery on fire to distract the commandos so that they could change their positions. "The moment a fire was started, fire brigades were called in and we paused shooting. They took advantage of this and changed their positions. We came to know about their tactics. Despite the fire, we entered a room and shot one of the terrorists who fell out of the window which was even caught on camera," Dutt said.

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OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL

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GENERAL TAJ MAHAL IMAGERY• Imagery of the Taj Mahal Hotel (left) and Gateway to India (right) (Credits: Taj

Mahal Hotel)

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• Logo for the Taj Mahal Hotel (Credits: Taj Mahal Hotel)

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OBEROI-TRIDENT HOTEL - TARGET• The Oberoi hotel was one of the two main hotels targeted.• Gunmen first entered the premises of the hotel at 2210 local time on 26 Nov.• As of 2350 local time on 27 Nov., the situation in the Oberoi appeared to be resolved;

media reports stated that Indian security forces controlled the whole hotel.• Mumbai police spokesman Satish Katsa told CNN that gunmen have taken over the Taj

Mahal Hotel and Hotel Oberoi, and were holding hostages on multiple floors.• British businessman Alan Jones was riding the riding the elevator down to the lobby of

the Oberoi when the attack occurred. He told CNN, "When the doors opened, two Japanese men riding with us got out, but immediately signaled for us to go back in the lift. As they got back in, a bullet hit one of the Japanese men in the back of the leg. Flesh and blood splattered everywhere.”

• Six bodies were found in the hotel on 26 Nov.; 24 more bodies were found on 27 Nov. for a total of 30 bodies from the Oberoi.

• There were reports of hostages reported taken in the hotel.• A Spanish government official, Esperanza Aguirre, escaped unhurt when shooting

began as she and her delegation were checking into the Oberoi Hotel.• An explosion was reported in the rooftop dome of the hotel.• The gunmen were described as being in their 20s.• Twenty-five hotel workers managed to escape• The Indian military was reported to have entered the hotel.• One gunman was shot and possibly killed, one was captured and two were still active. I

looked up to see one of the gunmen was approaching. I tried to close the door, but the injured guy's leg was preventing it from closing. I only just kept it together enough to get the door shut.”

• Alex Chamberlain, a British national dining at the Oberoi, told Sky News that a gunmen, aged 23 or 23, spoke Hindu or Urdu.

• Chamberlain told Sky News: "They were talking about British and Americans specifically. There was an Italian guy, who, you know, they said: 'Where are you from?"

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and he said he's from Italy and they said 'fine' and they left him alone. And I thought: 'Fine, they're going to shoot me if they ask me anything — and thank God they didn't."

• 10kg of RDX found outside near Oberoi Hotel• A fire was reported to have broken out at the Oberoi.• The hotel has 333 rooms and at least five dining facilities.• One Polish citizen was reportedly holed up in the Oberoi.• Five Chinese nationals were reported trapped in the Oberoi.• At least 300 people were in the hotel at the time of the attack.• French authorities said that 15-20 French nationals were inside the Oberoi, including an

Air France crew.• Credit cards and ammunition found• AK-47 recovered• Grenade(s) with Chinese production marks found.• Sydney resident Brett Taylor, a timber merchant, was reported killed at the Oberoi.• Three Russians were holed up in the hotel; all escaped.• Russian Consulate General attache in Mumbai Roman Vorobyov told Interfax, “Our

countryman Alexander Pakhomov has also been freed. He is outside of the hotel. He is in satisfactory condition. He has met the Indian police and been registered at the Russian consulate.”

• One Thai woman was reported killed.• Two Americans from Virginia, Naomi and Alan Scherr, were killed at the Oberoi,

according to the State Department. • Four other members of a delegation that the Scherrs were part of were injured.

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OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE OBEROI HOTEL

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GENERAL IMAGERY OF THE OBEROI HOTEL• Image of the Oberoi (Credits: Oberoi Hotel)

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THE CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS (CST) - TARGET• The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST), also in the Colaba area, was attacked at

approximately 2233 local time.• Platform 7 was attacked• Four men with automatic rifles entered the station around 2200 local time.• Two of the gunmen fired indiscriminately at crowds both inside and outside of the

station.• The two gunmen reportedly killed 10 people and injured 30 before being cornered by

police in an empty train carriage.• Two other gunmen were spotted rushing towards the Metro Cinema multiplex via the

Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation offices and the Azad Maidan next door. • There were reports of two explosions from the area near the Terminus.• Central Railways spokesman A.K. Jain told AFP that shooting began at the terminus at

approximately 2200 local time.• Railroad police commissioner A.K. Sharma said "They [the gunmen] entered the

passenger hub of a station and started firing."• The gunmen used Kalashnikovs and hand grenades.• Washington Post: A camera shot of a gunman broadcast on television showed a young

man with curly hair wielding an AK-47 assault rifle and wearing a black T-shirt and jeans, a blue backpack slung over his shoulders. Another security-camera image captured at the train station showed two young men wearing jackets and backpacks, each carrying a weapon. The floors of the station were stained with blood where the gunmen had fired at the crowd.

• Gunmen were Ajmal Amir Kasab and Ismail Khan.

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OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS (CST)

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GENERAL IMAGERY OF THE CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI TERMINUS (CST)• The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (credits: Wikimedia Commons)

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credit: Leopold Restaurant

THE LEOPOLD RESTAURANT - TARGET• A restaurant popular with Westerners, named the Leopold, was targeted by gunmen at

approximately 2115 local time.• According to an AP reporter on site, the restaurant was riddled with bullet holes and

there was blood on the floor from fleeing customers.• The restaurant is described as a Mumbai landmark. • A reported for Reuters reported two explosions and then short bursts of automatic

gunfire in the same street as the restaurant.• One Reuters reported was injured at the restaurant.

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• Sourav Mishra, a Reuters reporter, was with friends at the Cafe Leopold when gunmen opened fire. He was injured and taken to St. George's Hospital.

• He said, "I heard some gunshots around 9:30. I was with my friends. Something hit me. I ran away and fell on the road. Then somebody picked me up. I have injuries below my shoulder."

• Andrei Tambunan, a freelance American photographer who was at a cyber café near the restaurant, told Express India, “After the firing ended, I saw a man and a woman lying in a pool of blood. The assailants later took the lane which leads to the Taj [Mahal] hotel,”

• Diane Murphy, a retired British teacher, told the Daily Mail that as she was eating with her husband, “All of a sudden there was automatic gunfire. The whole place fell apart. It was tremendously loud. My husband and I were hit, as were lots of people. Everybody was down on the ground. The gunfire stopped for a few seconds then started again. We had to wait - it seemed like an age - for the police to arrive.”

• An Australian student said his girlfriend was shot and injured at the restaurant.• Gaffar Abdul Amir, an Iraqi tourist from Baghdad, told BBC he saw at least two men

who started the firing outside the restaurant.• Amir said, “"They [the gunmen] did not look Indian, they looked foreign. One of them,

I thought, had blonde hair. The other had a punkish hairstyle. They were neatly dressed.”

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OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE LEOPOLD RESTAURANT

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NARIMAN HOUSE - TARGET• Israeli national families are on the first three floors. Building is five stories. Indian

nationals on top two floors.• CNN-IBN described the building as being five stories and in a congested area of the

region and having a substantial number of elderly citizens• The buildings around Nariman house were evacuated when security forces arrived on

the scene.• One gunman killed at Nariman house, another 5-6 gunmen there.• Two people were reported killed by the gunmen.• Two blasts were heard coming from the building at 0230 local time on 27 Nov.• Two of the hostages were reportedly Rabbi Gabriel Holtzberg and his wife Rivka.• Three hostages managed to escape the building and confirmed that there were other

hostages within the building.• Sandra Samuel - a cook for the center who had barricaded herself in a room in the

house - said she grabbed a toddler whom she identified as Holtzberg's son and fled the building.

• Samuel told CNN, "I took the child. I just grabbed the baby and ran out."• Samuel told the Yediot Ahronot Daily that, “We understood immediately that there was

an attack and that there were terrorists.• Samuel said that a gunman saw her and another employee and opened fire: “I don't

know how I managed to react so quickly, but I closed the door in his face. We were saved. He must have thought we escaped through some back door.”

• She then hid until morning, at which point she said: “A lot of hours went by… then suddenly, I heard Moishe. He called me: 'Sandra! Sandra! Sandra! I decided to go upstairs despite the shooting and find him. When I got upstairs all the terrorists were apparently on the roof. I found Moishe standing next to his parents. Everything was full of blood. I grabbed him, went outside the room and ran outside.”

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• An Indian TV channel received a call from one of the gunmen at the house, who was identified as Imran and spoke Urdu in a Kashmiri accent. He said, “Ask the government to talk to us and we will release the hostages.”

• Eight hostages were reported released as of 1407 EST.• An Israeli female hostage reportedly phoned Israeli officials in Mumbai with demands

from the gunmen.• According to local shopkeeper strangers came to Nariman House and rented room few

days prior to attack. Purchased 50,000 rupees of supplies including food and dry fruit• Apparent on 27 Nov., gunmen sent out Jewish male hostage to get food. Hostage left

house and was given food and returned.• CNN reported that five Jewish people, who had been living in the building, were

reported killed along with two gunmen inside.• One member of the security forces was killed.

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OVERHEAD IMAGERY OF THE NARIMAN HOUSE

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VILE PARLE - TAXICAB BOMBING - TARGET• An explosive device in a taxi detonated in the Vile Parle neighborhood at 2155 local

time.• Three people were reported killed.• NSG confirms RDX was used in explosive device that detonated in taxi in Vile Parle

blast

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THE RAMADA HOTEL - POSSIBLE TARGET• The Ramada was also reportedly targeted.• The hotel is about an hour drive away from southern Mumbai.• There were no initial reports of casualties.

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CAMA HOSPITAL - TARGET• Heavy gunfire was reported at Cama Hospital.• The hospital is reportedly located near the Chhatrapai Terminus that was also targeted.• Gunmen were reported to have fled into the hospital after fleeing the Terminus.

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IMAGERY OF POLICE VAN OUTSIDE OF METRO JUNCTION• Imagery of an apparent police van that opened fire on people outside of the Metro

Junction Cinema.

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SANTA CRUZ DOMESTIC AIRPORT• Gunmen reportedly targeted a local airport called Santa Cruz.• There were reports of terrorists hurling hand grenades in the vicinity of the airport.

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IMAGERY OF SUSPECTED GUNMAN

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DECCAN MUJAHIDEEN EMAIL CLAIM• A group calling itself the Deccan Mujahideen sent a number of emails to media outlets

claiming responsibility for the attack.• The email ID was from www.yandex.ru and was apparently in use by someone in

Lahore• Intelligence sources told CNN-IBN that the document claiming responsibility was

made with the help of a voice recognition software which means the user dictated the lines which were in turn typed out in devnagiri script by the software.

• According to CNN-IBN, the militants allegedly routed the email through several servers to avoid detection. This was the first time ever that Hindi font was used.

• Parts of the statement given in the email are below:

You should know that your acts are not at all left unnoticed; rather we are closely keeping an eye on you and just waiting for the right time to execute your bloodshed. We are aware of your recent raids at Ansarnagar, Mograpada in Andheri and the harassment and trouble you created there for the Muslims.

You threatened to murder them and your mischief went to such an extent that you even dared to abuse and insult Maulana Mahmood-ul-Hasan Qasmi and even misbehaved with the Muslim women and children there.

If this is the degree your arrogance has reached, and if you think that by these stunts you can scare us, then let the Indian Mujahideen warn all the people of Mumbai that whatever deadly attacks Mumbaikars will face in future, their responsibility would lie with the Mumbai ATS and their guardians - Vilasrao Deshmukh and R R Patil. You are already on our hit-list and this time very very seriously.

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PHONE CALL FROM GUNMAN IMRAN BABAR• An unnamed TV station received a call from a person named Imran Babar claiming to

be one of the gunmen from the Deccan Mujahideen.• Babar said, “We want to negotiate with the government. Only then will we let go the

hostages.”• Bbar references Kashmir in the phone call: “Do you know how many Muslims are

killed in Kashmir by your armed forces? Give them their freedom, why are you creating such a mess there?”

PHONE CALL FROM GUNMAN SAHADULLAH - OBEROI• On 27 Nov. a gunman claiming to be at Oberoi called news channel and said, “There

are seven of us inside hotel Oberoi. We want all Mujahideens held in India released and only after that we will release the people. Release all the Mujahideens, and Muslims living in India should not be troubled.”

LASHER-E-TOIBA (LET) INVOLVEMENT• According to CNN-IBN, Intelligence bureau officers assisting the crime branch in the

investigations say that the targets were thoroughly recced by two Lashkar operatives who had sneaked into India as early as February 2008. They sneaked into India along with a third Laskar operative Fahim Ansari. Fahim ansari was arrested by UP STF days after the group infiltrated. His two accomplices rented a flat for a brief period at Grant road after failing to secure a rented accommodation in Bhadwar park near the Mumbai coastline.

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DENIAL FROM LASHKAR-E-TOIBA (LET)• Abdullah Ghaznavi, a Lashkar-eToiba (LeT) spokesman told AFP that the group was

not involved in the attacks.• Ghaznavi said, "We have nothing to do with Bombay attacks. We do not believe in

killing innocent civilians. It appears to be an act of Hindu militants who will then unleash a reign of terror against Muslims under the garb of these attacks. We strongly condemn these attacks and we say categorically that we have nothing to to with them.

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LASHKAR-E-TOIBA (LET) - HISTORY• Lashkar-e Toiba (LeT) was founded in the late 1980s as the armed wing of the Markaz

al-Da’wa wal-Irshad, an organization which recruited mujahideen to fight Soviet forces in Afghanistan.

• LeT’s primary area of operation and focus became Jammu and Kashmir, the contested territory between India and Pakistan, beginning around 1993.

• LeT members were frequently trained at al-Qaeda camps prior to their destruction by Coalition forces in Afghanistan in 2001.

• The Pakistani government openly supported the organization through the Inter-Services Intelligence agency (ISI) until 2001, when LeT was designated as a terrorist organization by the US.

• After 2001, al-Qaeda members were hosted and trained at LeT camps in Pakistan. • LeT was officially banned in Pakistan in 2002. • LeT is believed to have renamed itself Jamaat ud-Da’wa following the ban in 2002.

INTELLIGENCE WARNINGS• According to CNN-IBN, the first intelligence alert of a possible attack came from US

intelligence in the first week of Oct.. The joint intelligence committee later sent a second alert on the morning of 19 Nov. when satellite calls made by the militants were traced to Lashkar numbers under observation in Pakistan. Two days before the attack, slain ATS chief Hemant Karkare had personally alerted top 5 star hotel managements about an impending attack.

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AL-QAEDA REFERENCES TO INDIA• Al-Qaeda leaders often mention the mujahideen in Kashmir when they refer to jihadist

conflicts around the world.• Al-Qaeda leaders also often tie India to the “Zionist-Crusader alliance” • In a video statement released 6 Jan. 2006, Ayman al-Zawahiri said: • “...and had not for the humiliating capitulation of the Pakistani Government to the US

intelligence, I would have been, along with my brothers, there to help our Muslim brothers, the earthquake victims, as we did 25 years ago... All our brothers in the two parts of Kashmir know the extent of fraternity and love we have for them. They even know that had not for the treason of the Pakistani Governments, which banned their mujahideen brothers all over the world from coming to Kashmir, thousands of mujahideen from all over the Islamic world would have poured into Kashmir to carry out jihad and relief efforts.”

• In a statement entitled, “Oh People of Islam” released on 23 Apr. 2006, Osama bin Laden said:

• “And on the other hand, a blind eye is turned to the UN resolution passed over a half-century ago giving Muslim Kashmir the freedom to choose what it wants and choose independence from India, in the same way that the atrocious Hindu massacres of Indian and Kashmiri Muslims have been winked at during the same period, to the extent that Bush, the leader of this Crusade, declared a few days ago that he will order his apostate agent Pervez Musharraf to close the camps of the Kashmiri Mujahideen, and with that he proves and confirms that it is a Zionist/Crusader/Hindu war against the Muslims.

• In a video statement entitled, “Letter to the People of Pakistan” released on 28 Apr. 2006, Ayman al-Zawahiri said:

• “In this context, India appears to be the best candidate to implement the Zionist/Crusader plan to humiliate Pakistan and weaken it and tear it apart. And Bush’s recent visit to Pakistan at the beginning of March was one of the biggest pieces of evidence of that, as he gave a strong push to India’s nuclear program while handing out orders and instructions in Pakistan.”

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• He said, “And the Pakistani Army, with the exit of the Taliban government from Kabul, became a double loser: first, the Pakistani Army lost the strategic depth which Afghanistan, with its highlands and mountains, can offer it in any Pakistani-Indian confrontation. And second, the Pakistani Army’s back became exposed to a regime hostile to it and allied with its enemies. And if you add to this India’s success in exploiting air bases in Tajikistan and its seeking military cooperation with the Central Asian states, you will realize the extent of the predicament which the Pakistani Army has gotten itself into.”

• Al-Zawahiri said, “The third of these woes is Musharraf’s squandering of the issue of Kashmir and his painstaking effort to dispose of it at any cost. Musharraf is the one who strangled the Jihadi resistance against India, which led it to increase its savagery and draw up the borders. And Musharraf is the one who made and continues to make one concession after another in the Kashmir issue, even as India hasn’t budged one step from its stance. And Musharraf is the one who seeks to deceive the Muslim Ummah in Pakistan by pretending to them that the problem with India will be resolved with confidence-building measures, in order to neutralize the effort to liberate Kashmir, which is the real problem between Pakistan and India.”

• On 10 Jul. 2007, al-Qaeda’s as-Sahab released an audio statement on video from Ayman al-Zawahiri entitled, “Malicious Britain and its Indian Slaves”.

• The statement largely addressed issues other than India, but said, “The queen of Britain honored Salman Rushdie and bestowed on him the title of knighthood because he uttered blaspheme against the prophet, prayers and peace be upon him. He is another agent for the British in India, like Ghulam Ahmad al-Qadyani, who used to forbid jihad against the British and to declare his support and submissiveness to the British Government. It is the Crusaders’ hatefulness, which they cannot hide, and they sugar-coat it with the lie that they are defending freedom and the freedom of creativity.

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PAST ATTACKS IN MUMBAI• On 11 Jul. 2006, seven explosive devices made using explosives in pressure cookers

detonated on trains in Mumbai. Approximately 209 people were killed.• On 25 Aug. 2003, two car bombs detonated, one at the Gateway to India and another at

the Mumba Devi Temple. Fifty people were killed.• On 28 Jul. 2003, an explosive device detonated on a bus in Ghatkopar. Four people

were killed.• On 13 Mar. 2003, an explosive device detonated on a train in Muland. Ten people were

killed.• On 27 Jan. 2003, an explosive device rigged to a bicycle detonated at the Vile Parle

station. One person was killed.

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