Multiple Seq Analysis

8/14/2019 Multiple Seq Analysis

1/128

Bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflqF}qfl{`nl nd pi`sx`{f {fyvflkfij`hlbflq qn i jishfs {fq

Ijjnx{ `aflq`d`kiq`nl nd piqqfsl{ iksn{{jishfs lvbcfs{ nd {fyvflkf{

Ijjnx{ cv`ja`lh nd {fyvflkf psnd`jf{ ila

m`aafl Bisent bnafj{ -ji{q xffeCi{`{ dns bnsf {npm`{q`kiqfa ilij{`{bfqmna{ `lkjva`lh pmjnhflfq`k{


2/128

Bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq f}ibpjf

Ntis [QKTJ[IPXEA"JLLPMCnqi [QKTJ[IPXEA"JLLPM[v{k [QKTJ[IPXSLFJLLDM

Mn{i [QKBJHQP"YA"DLEDM

Siln [QKBJHQP"YA"JLEDM[i{i [QKTJHEJ[YF"JMEJY


3/128

Bvjq`pjf ij`hlbflq v{f{

Il `bpnsqilq dikqns `l gvah`lh qmf yvij`qnd i bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf ij`hlbflq `{

knl{`afs`lh `q{ v{fQm`{ as`tf{ qmf `lqfspsfqiq`nl nd fikmpn{`q`nl `l qmf ij`hlbflq

Qmf bvjq`pjf ij`hlbflq psnkfavsf bilnq `lkjvaf qm`{ elnxjfahf ilaqmfsfdnsf cf `lknssfkq


4/128

@lqfspsfqiq`nl nd

pn{`q`nl{Hflfsijj qmfsf isf qxn `lqfspsfqiq`nl{

nd i pn{`q`nl `l i bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq7

Ftnjvq`nlis.m`{qns`kij

Dvlkq`nlij.{qsvkqvsij

@l bil ki{f{ qmf{f isf qmf {ibf* cvq

qmf bi lnq cf,


5/128

Ftnjvq`nlis.m`{qns`kij

Fikm pn{`q`nl `l qmf bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq sfpsf{flq{ i knl{fstfa

m`{qns`kij pn{`q`nl `l qmf a`tfshflkf nd

qmf {fyvflkf{ dsnb i knbbnl

ilkf{qns,

Fikm lvkjfnq`af ns ib`ln ik`aa`ddfsflkf `l i knjvbl `{ qmf sf{vjq nd i

bvqiq`nl nd qmiq pn{`q`nl,


6/128

Dvlkq`nlij.{qsvkqvsij

Fikm pn{`q`nl `l qmf bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq sfpsf{flq{ i knl{fstfa

dvlkq`nlij pn{`q`nl7 tis`lh ib`ln ik`a{

`l qm`{ pn{`q`nl lftfsqmfjf{{ isf jnkiqfa

`l qmf {ibf pjikf `l qmf psnqf`l* ila

{misf qmf {ibf dvlkq`nlHflfsijj ippj`kicjf qn ib`ln ik`a{

-ila qmf knssf{pnla`lh ALI {fyvflkf


7/128

[qsvkqvsij ij`hlbflq

@l qmf `afij ki{f* xf mitf qmf qmsff"

a`bfl{`nlij {qsvkqvsf nd qmf psnqf`l{

ila kil ksfiqf qmf bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq ci{fa nl qmf qmsff

a`bfl{`nlij {qsvkqvsf

Qm`{ `{ qmf Hnja [qilaisa nd bvjq`pjf{fyvflkf ij`hlbflq{* cvq `{ sisfj

iti`jicjf,


8/128

Xmiq `{ i hnna bvjq`pjf

{fyvflkf ij`hlbflq>I{ dns qmf ki{f nd qxn {fyvflkf{* qmf

cf{q ij`hlbflq kil cf afd`lfa i{ qmf

nlf `l xm`km qmf lvbcfs nd kmilhf{

cfqxffl qxn {fyvflkf{ `{ b`l`b`{fa

Knbpvqf ntfs ijj pi`s{ nd {fyvflkf{

dns e {fyvflkf{ qmfsf isf e-e%9.3pi`sx`{f knbpis`{nl{


9/128

Bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq ijhns`qmb@afij ippsnikm qn bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq `{ qn f}qfla alib`k

psnhsibb`lh,

@l{qfia nd ij`hl`lh qxn {fyvflkf{ -qxn

a`bfl{`nlij hs`a xf ij`hl e {fyvflkf{

-e a`bfl{`nlij hs`aF}qfl{`nl `{ sfjiq`tfj {qsi`hmqdnsxisa


10/128

Alib`k psnhsibb`lh

dns {fyvflkf ij`hlbflq

Sfkvssflkf sfjiq`nl

Qicvjis knbpvqiq`nlQsikfcike

_i`sx`{f sfkvssflkf sfjiq`nl -sft`{`nl7

[-`*g 2 bi}U[-`"9* g"9 % b-`*g* [-`"9* g % h* [-`* g"

9 % hR

b-`*g 2 {`b`jis`q biqs`} fh CJN[VB

h 2 hip pflijq


11/128

Qmfsf isf {ftfl ki{f{xmfl ij`hl`lh qmsff

{fyvflkf{

9 3 ; 1 6 4 8@ EPHEPHEPHE"HEPHE"HE"H

G EPHEPHE"HEPHE"HEPHE"HE EPHE"HEPHEPHE"HE"HEPH


12/128

Qmsff {fyvflkf

sfkvssflkf sfjiq`nl[-`*g*e 2 bi}U

[-`"9* g"9* e"9 % b-`*g % b-`*e % b-g*e*

[-`"9* g"9* e % b-`*g % h*[-`"9* g* e"9 % b-`*e % h* [-`*g"9* e"9 % b-g*e % h*[-`"9* g* e% h % h* [-`*

g"9* e % h % h* [-`* g*

e"9 % h % hRb-`*g 2 {`b`jis`q biqs`} fh CJN[VB

h 2 hip pflijq


13/128

Qxn qn qmsff

a`bfl{`nlij hs`a


14/128

F}qfla`lh alib`k

psnhsibb`lhCi{fa nl qmf f}qsipnjiq`nl dsnb qxn qn

qmsff {fyvflkf{* xf kil afd`lf qmf

sfkvssflkf sfjiq`nl dns il lvbcfs nd

{fyvflkf{ `l qmf {ibf xi

Qmf nqmfs {qfp{ " qicvjis knbpvqiq`nl

ila qsikfcike " isf anlf `l qmf {ibfxi i{ dns pi`sx`{f ij`hlbflq


15/128

Alib`k psnhsibb`lh

q`bf `lksfi{f{f}pnlflq`ijj

Q`bf qiefl dns ij`hlbflq c alib`k

psnhsibb`lh `{ N-l ' b dns qxn{fyvflkf{ l* b kmisikqfs{ jnlh,

Q`bf qiefl dns ij`hlbflq c alib`k

psnhsibb`lh `{ N-l ' b ' p dns qmsff{fyvflkf{ l* b* p kmisikqfs{ jnlh,


16/128

Alib`k psnhsibb`lh

q`bf `lksfi{f{f}pnlflqìjj

Kjfisj* dns e {fyvflkf{* fikm

{fyvflkf l` kmisikqfs{ jnlh* qmf q`bfsfyv`sfa x`jj cf

e N- l`

`29Qm`{ `{ f}pnlflqìj " N- le

Xf lffa qn d`jj nvq fikm cn} `l qmf hsà


17/128

Mfvs`{q`k bvjq`pjf

{fyvflkf ij`hlbflqXmiq {mnsqkvq{ kil xf bief>

Mnx kil xf psftflq kijkvjiq`nl q`bf

dsnb hsnx`lh f}pnlflq`ijj x`qm lvbcfs

nd {fyvflkf{>


18/128

Mfvs`{q`k bvjq`pjf

{fyvflkf ij`hlbflqKvssflqj* bn{q psikq`kij bfqmna{ isf

m`fsiskm`ij bfqmna{

Dns f}ibpjf* pi`sx`{f ij`hlbflq{*

afd`l`lh m`fsiskm dnjjnxfa c

psnhsf{{`tf iaa`q`nl nd {fyvflkf{ qn

ij`hlbflq Kjv{qij X


19/128

[qfp{ `l bvjq`pjf

ij`hlbflqKnjjfkq {fq nd {fyvflkf{ qmiq kil cf

ij`hlfa* fh ci{fa nl CJI[Q biqkmf{

Fa`q {fyvflkf{ qn knlqi`l ij`hlicjf

sfh`nl{, Fh kmsnbn{nbij {fyvflkf{

bv{q cf kvq anxl qn nlj knlqi`l hflf

sfh`nl nd `lqfsf{qSvl bvjq`pjf ij`hlbflq psnhsib


20/128

[qfp{ `l bvjq`pjf

{fyvflkf ij`hlbflqI{{f{{ ij`hlbflq nvqpvq* pn{{`cj sf"ij`hl x`qm a`ddfsflq pisibfqfs{ ns

a`ddfsflq psnhsibIagv{q ij`hlbflq bilvijj `l {nbfki{f{* pisq`kvjisj sfh`nl{ x`qm bilhip{

Bi lffa qn sfbntf vlsfjiqfa{fyvflkf{ `lkjvafa c ikk`aflq* ns fa`qsfh`nl nd {fyvflkf `lkjvafa


21/128

Kjv{qij X

_n{{`cj bn{q knbbnlj v{fa bvjq`pjf

{fyvflkf ij`hlbflq psnhsib

Ci{fa nl Dflh $ Annj`qqjf{ 90=8 `afi

nd psnhsf{{`tf ij`hlbflq

Kjv{qijX knlqi`l{ i lvbcfs nd

`bpsntfbflq{ ntfs qmf psft`nv{Kjv{qijT -90==


22/128

Kjv{qijX `l`q`ij pi`sx`{f

ij`hlbflqIjj {fyvflkf{ ij hlfa pi`sx`{f qn ijj nqmfs{

e {fyvflkf{ h`tf{ e-e%9.3 ij`hlbflq{

Kjv{qijX `lkjvaf{ i kmn`kf nd alib`kpsnhsibb`lh -{jnx.ikkvsiqf ns

X`jcvs.J`pbil -di{q.ippsn}`biqf

iaipqiq`nl nd alib`k psnhsibb`lh

Idd`lf hip pflijq`f{ kil iagv{q hip npfl`lhila hip f}qfl{`nl pflijq


23/128

X`jcvs"J`pbil di{q

pi`sx`{f ij`hlbflqSfjiqfa qn CJI[Q {fiskm`lh

Ci{fa nl f}ikqj biqkm`lh e"qvpjf{ -9*3

dns psnqf`l5 3"1 dns lvkjfnqàf

F}qfla ij`hlbflq ijnlh aìhnlij{ x`qmbil f}ikq e"qvpjf{

Iagikflq aìhnlij{ knl{àfsfa xmflf}qfla`lh ij`hlbflq

Ijj qmf{f pisibfqfs{ kil cf {pfk`d`fa


24/128

F{qicj`{m`lh m`fsiskm`ij

nsafs[knsf{ dsnb pi`sx`{f ij`hlbflq{ ijjnx

v{ qn ksfiqf i m`fsiskm nd qmf

{fyvflkf{

Bn{q {`b`jis {fyvflkf{ {mnvja cf

ij`hlfa d`s{q

Bi lffa {ftfsij `lqfsbfa`iqfij`hlbflq{ qmiq x`jj jiqfs cf gn`lfa


25/128

Bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq f}ibpjf





26/128

M`fsiskm nd iaa`q`nl

Ij`hl Ntis ila Cnqi d`s{q

Ij`hl Mn{i ila Siln

Ij`hl [v{k qn Ntis ila Cnqi

Ij`hl qmf{f qxn kjv{qfs{ qn fikm nqmfs

Ij`hl [i{i qn jishf ij`hlbflq


27/128

Kjv{qij X psnhsf{{`tf

bvjq`pjf ij`hlbflqF}ibpjf `jjv{qsiqf{ ijj pn{{`cjf ki{f{7

Ij`hl qxn {fyvflkf{ qn fikm nqmfs

Ij`hl i {fyvflkf qn il f}`{q`lh

ij`hlbflq

Ij`hl qxn ij`hlbflq{ qn fikm nqmfs


28/128


29/128

Ij`hl`lh ij`hlbflq{Nlkf {fyvflkf{ isf ij`hlfa ila hip{`lqsnavkfa* qmf{f isf lnq ijqfsfa

-m`fsiskmIj`hlbflq d`la{ i jnkij npq`bvb i{fisj ij`hlbflq afk`{`nl{ isf jnkefa `lc qmf hsffa ijhns`qmb

Fisj fssns{ x`jj cf psnpihiqfa ila bikiv{f d`lij ij`hlbflq qn cf xns{f


30/128

Kjv{qijX sfd`lfbflq{Ij`hlbflq pisibfqfs{ tis qmsnvhmnvq

ij`hlbflq psnkf{{

B-`*g bnsf a`{qilq {fyvflkf{ h`tfl

bnsf xf`hmq xmfl kijkvjiq`lh kmisikqfs

iq ` ns g

B-`*g a`ddfsflq CJN[VB biqs`} v{faci{fa nl {`b`jis`q nd {fyvflkf{


31/128

Kjv{qijX sfd`lfbflq{H hip pflijq7

Jnxfs hip pflijq iq psf"f}`{q`lh hip

M`hmfs hip pflijq lfis psf"f}`{q`lh hip

Jnxfs hip pflijq `l masnpm`j`k sfh`nl{i{ qmf{f isf j`efj qn cf f}qfslij jnnp{

-psnqf`l nljHip pflijq ci{fa nl elnxl ib`ln ik`a

kmisikqfs`{q`k{


32/128

Kjv{qijX sfd`lfbflq{Lnqf qmiq qmf sfd`lfbflq{ isf bn{q

v{fdvj xmfl ij`hl`lh psnqf`l{

_snqf`l {qsvkqvsij `ldnsbiq`nl `{ tijvicjf

`l `lqfspsfq`lh {fyvflkf

Iqqfbpq qn kna`d c`njnh`kij* kmfb`kij

ila pm{`kij elnxjfahf `l ij`hlbflqijhns`qmb


33/128

Kjv{qijX b`{ippj`faKjv{qij X ila nqmfs ijhns`qmb{ qmiq`lkjvaf i pi`sx`{f knbpis`{nl {qfp

bv{q lnq cf v{fa qn ij`hl {fyvflkf{qmiq an lnq ijj {misf i knbbnl cjnke

[fyvflkf{ qmiq an lnq {misf i knbbnlcjnke isf hflfsijj dsnb {fyvflkfi{{fbcj psngfkq{


34/128

[fyvflkf i{{fbcj


35/128

Bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq f}ibpjf





36/128

Bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflqQmf ps`lk`pjf nd alib`k psnhsibb`lh

kil cf f}qflafa qn bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf{

Vldnsqvliqfj* qmf q`bf sfyv`sfa hsnx{

f}pnlflq`ijj x`qm qmf lvbcfs nd

{fyvflkf{ ila {fyvflkf jflhqm{

Ijhns`qmb{ `l v{f isf mfvs`{q`k ila bn{qisf psnhsf{{`tf.m`fsiskm`ij


37/128

Kjv{qij XQmsff"{qfp ijhns`qmb

_i`sx`{f ij`hlbflq nd ijj pi`s{ qn

afqfsb`lf {fyvflkf {`b`jis`qAfd`lf il nsafs nd iaa`q`nl nd{fyvflkf{ qn ij`hlbflq{ ci{fa nl{`b`jis`q

Knl{qsvkq bvjq`pjf ij`hlbflqpsnhsf{{`tfj ci{fa nl afd`lfa nsafs


38/128

Kjv{qij X psnhsf{{`tf

bvjq`pjf ij`hlbflqQmsff pn{{`cjf ki{f{7

Ij`hl qxn {fyvflkf{ qn fikm nqmfs

Ij`hl i {fyvflkf qn il f}`{q`lh

ij`hlbflq

Ij`hl qxn ij`hlbflq{ qn fikm nqmfs

Ijxi{ fddfkq`tfj pi`sx`{f ij`hlbflq{


39/128

Ij`hl`lh ij`hlbflq{_i`sx`{f ij`hlbflq nd ij`hlbflq{ `{ ij{nkijjfa psnd`jf ij`hlbflq{

V{f alib`k psnhsibb`lh,[-`*g 2 bi}U[-`"9* g"9 % b-`*g* [-`"9* g % h*

[-`* g"9 % hR

b-`*g 2 {`b`jis`q {knsf itfsihfa ntfskmisikqfs{ iq qmiq pn{`q`nl

h 2 hip pflijq


40/128

Ij`hl`lh ij`hlbflq{Nlkf {fyvflkf{ isf ij`hlfa ila hip{`lqsnavkfa* qmf{f isf lnq ijqfsfa

-m`fsiskmIj`hlbflq d`la{ i jnkij npq`bvb i{fisj ij`hlbflq afk`{`nl{ isf jnkefa `lc qmf hsffa ijhns`qmb

Fisj fssns{ x`jj cf psnpihiqfa ila bikiv{f d`lij ij`hlbflq qn cf xns{f


41/128

Iagv{q`lh ij`hlbflqCfkiv{f ij`hlbflq{ isf anlf x`qm

mfvs`{q`k{ ila xf bi mitf c`njnh`kij

elnxjfahf ns v{f elnxjfahf lnq`lkjvafa `l ij`hlbflq* qmf isf ndqfl lnq

pfsdfkq

@q `{ dsfyvflqj v{fdvj qn ij`hl v{`lh{ftfsij bfqmna{ ns sfpfiq bfqmna{* ns

iagv{q ij`hlbflq bilvijj.c ff,


42/128

Ikq`tf sf{fiskmQmfsf isf bil nqmfs bvjq`pjf{fyvflkf ij`hlbflq psnhsib{

Bil v{f {qsvkqvsij `ldnsbiq`nl qnknl{qsvkq il `l`q`ij psnd`jf

_nqflq`ij dns aftfjnpbflq nd lfxijhns`qmb{

Fl{vsf qsiafndd cfqxffl ijhns`qmb ilac`njnh`kij elnxjfahf


43/128

_mjnhflfq`k qsff{Mvbil

Bnv{f

Asn{npm`jiMnlf cff

DfslXmfiq

_`lfQ`bf


44/128

Ftnjvq`nlis m`{qns[pfk`f{ isf sfjiqfa qmsnvhm m`{qns

J`efj nlf ns`h`l nd j`df nl fisqm

Ijj kvssflq {pfk`f{ isf vjq`biqfj

af{kflailq{ nd qmf ns`h`lij j`df

[pfk`f{ {pfk`ij`{f ila a`tfshf

hsiavijj ntfs q`bf

Aisx`l7 Ns`h`l nd [pfk`f{ -9=60


45/128

[fyvflkf ftnjvq`nlHflnbf nd {pfk`f{ kiss`fa ijnlh

qmsnvhm m`{qns

[fyvflkf{ kil kmilhf7 bvqiq`nl fqk

Hflf avpj`kiq`nl ila {pfk`ij`{iq`nl

Bil hflf dvlkq`nl{ isf kflqsijj

`bpnsqilq ila isf knl{fstfa {fjfkq`nlqn bi`lqi`l psnqf`l dvlkq`nl


46/128

Hflnbf pi{{fa nlMvbil

Bnv{f

Asn{npm`jiMnlf cff

DfslXmfiq

_`lfQ`bf


47/128

[fyvflkf ftnjvq`nlBn{q c`njnh`kij {fyvflkf ilij{`{ nljxnse{ cfkiv{f xf i{{vbf ftnjvq`nl

[fyvflkf{ isf {`b`jis cfkiv{f qmf isfaf{kflailq knp`f{ -x`qm tis`iq`nl ndqmf {ibf ns`h`lij {fyvflkf

_snqf`l{ x`qm {`b`jis dvlkq`nl ila ln{fyvflkf {`b`jis`q bi {vhhf{q`lafpflaflq ns`h`l nd dvlkq`nl


48/128

Ftnjvq`nlis

sfjiq`nl{m`p{Xf x`{m qn d`la qmf ftnjvq`nlis m`{qns

-pmjnhflfq`k qsff nd i {fq nd

{fyvflkf{.bvjq`pjf ij`hlbflq,

Ndqfl qmf {fyvflkf{ isf dsnb a`ddfsflq

{pfk`f{ ila qmf qsff dsnb nd qmf

{fyvflkf{ {mnvja cf qmf {ibf i{ qmfqsff nd qmf {pfk`f{


49/128

Qmf v{f nd {fyvflkf

pmjnhflXmiq `d qmf {fyvflkf{ {vhhf{q i

a`ddfsflq m`{qns qmil qmf elnxl {pfk`f{

sfjiq`nl{m`p{>


50/128

Qmf v{f nd {fyvflkf

pmjnhfl_mjnhflfq`k qsff{ dsnb {fyvflkf{ kil`lksfi{f vlafs{qila`lh nd {pfk`f{

sfjiq`nl{m`p{Kil `bpsntf f{q`biqf{ nd q`bf{ nd{pfk`iq`nl ila `lqfspsfqiq`nl nd dn{{`jsfknsa

Kil `lksfi{f vlafs{qila`lh ndc`njnh`kij dvlkq`nl iq bil jftfj{


51/128

@bpj`k`q m`fsiskm`f{Qsff.kjv{qfs sfjiq`nl{m`p{ i{ sfpsf{flqfa c

pmjnhflfq`k qsff{ isf `bpj`k`qj i{{vb`lh qmiq qmf

aiqi `{ sfjiqfa `l i m`fsiskm

Killnq sfpsf{flq bnsf knbpjf} qpf{ nd

sfjiq`nl{m`p{ ibnlh aiqi

Lnqf qmiq qmf Kjv{qijX ijhns`qmb i{{vbf{ i

m`fsiskm nd sfjiq`nl{m`p{ mfvs`{q`k afpfla{ nl `q


52/128

F}ibpjf{ nd lnl"

m`fsiskm`ij aiqiDib`j sfjiq`nl{m`p{7 @ ib sfjiqfa qn ijj

b knv{`l{ cvq qmf isf lnq sfjiqfa qn

fikm nqmfs


53/128

F}ibpjf{ nd lnl"

m`fsiskm`ij aiqiBip a`{qilkf{


54/128

Lfx Mibp{m`sf -Lfx`ke)

DnsbiqMvbil

Bnv{f

Asn{npm`jiMnlf cff

DfslXmfiq

_`lf

---Mvbil* Bnv{f)* -Asn{* Cff))* -Dfsl*-Xmfiq* _`lf))5


55/128

Lfx Mibp{m`sf -Lfx`ke) Dnsbiq

MvbilBnv{f

Asn{npm`ji

Mnlf cffDfsl

Xmfiq

_`lf

---Mvbil* Bnv{f)* -Asn{* Cff))* -Dfsl*

-Xmfiq* _`lf))5


56/128


MvbilBnv{f

Asn{npm`ji

Mnlf cffDfsl

Xmfiq

_`lf

---Mvbil* Bnv{f)* -Asn{* Cff))* -Dfsl*

-Xmfiq* _`lf))5


57/128


MvbilBnv{f

Asn{npm`ji

Mnlf cffDfsl

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58/128

Sfknl{qsvkq`lh

ftnjvq`nlis qsff{ dsnbbvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq{

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_is{`bnl

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Bi}`bvb j`efj`mnna

Isfi nd ikq`tf sf{fiskm


59/128

Sfknl{qsvkq`lh

ftnjvq`nlis qsff{ dsnbnqmfs e`la{ nd aiqi

Bnspmnjnh`kij kmisikqfs`{q`k{* `,f,

pm{`kij ippfisilkf ila iliqnbQm`{ `{ qmf qsia`q`nlij bfqmna dns

afqfsb`l`lh mnx {pfk`f{ isf sfjiqfa

Hflfsijj v{f{ pis{`bnl bfqmna


60/128

Sfknl{qsvkq`lh


Hflnb`k {kijf `ldnsbiq`nl `{ lfx ila

pnqflq`ijj tfs tijvicjf7 piqqfsl{ nd{misfa hflf{ cfqxffl {pfk`f{* nsafs nd

hflf{ ijnlh kmsnbn{nbf{ fqk

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bfqicnj`k lfqxnse{ j`efj qn cf bnsf

{`b`jis `l kjn{fj sfjiqfa {pfk`f{


61/128

Sfknl{qsvkq`lh


B`ksnissi aiqi7 xm`km hflf{ isf cf`lh

f}psf{{fa ila mnx bvkm>B`ksnissi aiqi bfi{vsf{ bSLI jftfj{

Kil knbpisf bSLI jftfj{ iksn{{

{pfk`f{ ila `l a`ddfsflq k`skvb{qilkf{fh {qsf{{ sf{pnl{f


62/128

Kjv{qfs ilij{`{Lnl"ftnjvq`nlis aiqi bi ij{n cf cf{qaf{ks`cfa m`fsiskm`ijj hflfsijj

sfdfssfa qn i{ kjv{qfs ilij{`{F}ikqj qmf {ibf ps`lk`pjf{ i{ xmflknl{qsvkq`lh ftnjvq`nlis qsff{

B`ksnissi f}psf{{`nl piqqfsl{ ndqfl

ilij{fa x`qm kjv{qfs ilij{`{ qn `aflq`dhflf{ x`qm sfjiqfa f}psf{{`nl piqqfsl{


63/128

Bfqmna{ dns bie`lh

ftnjvq`nlis qsff{Bfqmna{ lffa qn cf iaipqfa qn qief

ikknvlq nd fikm aiqi qpf

Lftfsqmfjf{{* bn{q bfqmna{ kil cf

kji{{`d`fa i{ pis{`bnl* a`{qilkf ns

bi}`bvb j`efj`mnna

Qmf{f bfqmna{ x`jj cf af{ks`cfa lf}qxffe dns bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf ij`hlbflq{


64/128

Knl{qsvkq`lh

pmjnhflfq`k qsff{_is{`bnl

A`{qilkf bfqmna{

Bi}`bvb j`efj`mnna

Cnnq{qsipp`lh


65/128

_is{`bnlNjaf{q* bn{q `lqv`q`tf bfqmna,

Dnsbijj af{ks`cfa c Mfll`h 9044

D`la qmf qsff `l xm`km qmf {bijjf{q

lvbcfs nd kmilhf{ isf lffafa qn

f}pji`l qmf nc{fstfa bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq


66/128

Mvbil HHQQIQKKQIKIQHQIQIBnv{f IKQQHQKKIIKHKHHIKISiq IKQKHQKKIIKHQHKIKI

Anh IHKQHKKQQIKHQIKIQI

Kiq IHKQHQKQQIKHQIKHQI

_is{`bnl f}ibpjf


67/128

Mvbil

AnhKiq

Bnv{f

Siq

Mvbil

Bnv{fKiq

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68/128

Mvbil H

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Mvbil HHQQIQKKQIKIQHQIQI

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69/128

Mvbil H H

Anh I HKiq I H

Bnv{f I K

Siq I K

Kn{q 9 9






70/128

Mvbil H H Q

Anh I H KKiq I H K

Bnv{f I K Q

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71/128

Mvbil H H Q Q

Anh I H K QKiq I H K Q

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72/128

Bnv{f I K Q Q

Anh I H K QKiq I H K QMvbil H H Q Q

Siq I K Q K

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73/128

Mvbil H H Q Q

Bnv{f I K Q QKiq I H K Q

Anh I H K QSiq I K Q K

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74/128

Kiq I H K Q

Anh I H K QMvbil H H Q Q

Bnv{f I K Q Q

Siq I K Q K

Kn{q 9 9 9 9 96






75/128

Bn{q pis{`bnl`nv{ qsffQmf kn{q ntfs ijj pn{`q`nl{ dns i h`tfl

qsff `{ qmf qsff jflhqm

Qmfsf bi cf {ftfsij qsff{ x`qm qmf{ibf b`l`bvb qsff jflhqm

Qmf bn{q pis{`bnl`nv{ qsff `{ qmfl i

knl{fl{v{ nd qmf{f qsff{


76/128

_is{`bnl

`bpjfbflqiq`nlLvbcfs nd qsff{ dns l {pfk`f{7

-3l"6) . --l";) 3l";

Knlkflqsiqf {fiskm lfis psft`nv{j"

dnvla hnna qsff{ csilkm {xipp`lh*

psvlf ila sf"hsidq

Csilkm"ila"cnvla fj`b`liqf kjfisj`ldfs`ns qsff{


77/128

_is{`bnl tis`ilq{Xf kil i{{`hl a`ddfsflq kn{q{ qn kfsqi`l

kmilhf{7 fh T "< J kmfipfs qmil H "< P

Xf kil i{{`hl a`ddfsflq kn{q{ qn kfsqi`l{`qf{7 fh ;sa knanl pn{`q`nl kmfipfs

Nqmfs tis`ilq{ dns lnl"{fyvflkf aiqi

Bn{q nd qmf{f {jnx anxl knbpvqiq`nl


78/128

_is{`bnl

knl{`afsiq`nl{[nbf sf{fiskmfs{ cfj`ftf `q mi{ bn{q

pm`jn{npm`kij {vppnsq -Nkkib{ siwns

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sftfijfa jnlh csilkm iqqsikq`nl

Knbpvq`lh q`bf bi hsnx f}pnlflq`ijjx`qm bnsf aiqi* ij{n cia aiqi {jnx{ `q


79/128

Jnlh csilkm iqqsikq`nlI

C

k

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I

C

k

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80/128

A`{qilkf bfqmna{Dns {fyvflkf aiqi* i qxn"{qfp psnkf{{

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{fyvflkf{D`la qsff ci{fa nl a`{qilkf biqs`}7

D`qkm"Bishnj`i{m -9048 jfi{q {yvisf{

Lf`hmcns"gn`l`lh -[i`qnv $ Lf` 90=8 B`l`bvb Ftnjvq`nl -Swmfq{e $ Lf`

900;


81/128

Knbpvq`lh {fyvflkf

a`{qilkf{Xf kil {`bpj knvlq a`ddfsflkf{cfqxffl {fyvflkf{ -p"a`{qilkf

Xf kil knssfkq dns bvjq`pjf kmilhf{ iqqmf {ibf pn{`q`nl7 Gvef{"Kilqns 9040

Xf kil i{{`hl a`ddfsflq kn{q{ qna`ddfsflq kmilhf{

Xf kil knssfkq dns tis`iq`nl ibnlh{`qf{7 hibbi pisibfqfs bfqmna{


82/128

ALI a`{qilkf{E`bvsi 3"pisibfqfs7 knssfkq dns bvjq`pjf

kmilhf{ ila xf`hmq qsil{`q`nl{ jf{{

qmil qsil{tfs{`nl{ -9083

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`lkjvaf a`ddfsflq ci{f knbpn{`q`nl{*

a`ddfsflq siqf{ nd ci{f kmilhf ila

hibbi pisibfqfs,A`{qilkf{ qmiq qief psnqf`l qsil{jiq`nl

`lqn ikknvlq


83/128

_snqf`l a`{qilkf{Ci{fa nl _IB ns CJN[VB biqs`kf{

Kiqfhns a`{qilkf{ -{`b`jis ib`ln

ik`a{

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knjjfkq`nl{ nd {fyvflkf ij`hlbflq{ ila

_IB.CJN[VB biqs`kf{Lnq i{ xfjj"aftfjnpfa i{ dns ALI


84/128

D`qkm Bishnj`i{m Jfi{q

[yvisf{Knbpisf qmf nc{fstfa a`{qilkf biqs`}qn qmf a`{qilkf{ ijnlh qmf csilkmf{ nd i

pisq`kvjis qsffDns i h`tfl qnpnjnh* xf kil d`la qmfcsilkm jflhqm{ qmiq b`l`b`{f{ qmf{yvisf nd qmf a`ddfsflkf

Kijkvjiqf jfi{q {yvisf dns fikm qsffqnpnjnh* d`la cf{q qnpnjnh


85/128

D`qkm"Bishnj`i{mA`dd`kvjq qn kijkvjiqf ijj csilkm jflhqm{ iq nlkf*f}kfpq dns qmsff {pfk`f{7

Csilkm ` 2 -a-`*g %a-`*e a-g*e . 3

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g

e


86/128

D`qkm"Bishnj`i{mSfavkf i qsff x`qm bnsf qmil qmsff{pfk`f{ qn a-`*g* a-`*e* a-g*e xmfsf ` ila

g isf kjn{f{q {pfk`f{* e `{ i knbpn{`qfitfsihf ntfs ijj nqmfs {pfk`f{

Sfpfiq dns lf}q"kjn{f{q {pfk`f{

F{q`biqf nd csilkm jflhqm{ dns i h`tfl

qsff qnpnjnh* qmfl d`la cf{q f{q`biqfntfs ijj qsff{


87/128

Lf`hmcns"gn`l`lh[qis afknbpn{`q`nl bfqmna

Afqfsb`lf xm`km pi`s nd {fyvflkf{

sfavkf{ jflhqm nd qnqij qsff bn{q

Sfpfiq vlq`j ijj {fyvflkf{ `lkjvafa

Tfs di{q dns jishf lvbcfs{ nd

{fyvflkf{Mfvs`{q`k hsffa ijhns`qmb


88/128

[qis afknbpn{`q`nl


89/128

[qis afknbpn{`q`nl


90/128

[qis afknbpn{`q`nl


91/128

[qis afknbpn{`q`nl


92/128

Lf`hmcns"gn`l`lh

ijhns`qmb[qis qsff jflhqm 2 9. -l"9 a-`*g

Dns l {pfk`f{* ntfs ijj `* g

Gn`l`lh ` ila g h`tf{ qsff jflhqm 2

9 . 3-l"3 -a-`* e % a-g* e % ^ a-`* g % 9.

-l"3 a-e* jDns l {pfk`f{* xmfsf e ila j isf ijj

{pfk`f{ nqmfs qmil ` ila g


93/128

Lf`hmcns"gn`l`lh

ijhns`qmbNlkf xf mitf dnvla qmf ` ila g {pfk`f{

qmiq sfavkf qmf qnqij qsff jflhqm qmf

bn{q* sfpjikf ijj a-`*e ila a-g*e x`qmqmf itfsihf

Lnx mitf i a`{qilkf biqs`} x`qm l"9

{pfk`f{* sfpfiq psnkf{{

[qnp nlkf qmfsf isf qmsff {pfk`f{ jfdq


94/128

[qis afknbpn{`q`nl


95/128

B`l`bvb Ftnjvq`nl[`b`jis qn D`qkm"Bishnj`i{m b`l`b`{f{yvisf nd a`ddfsflkf cfqxffl sfija`{qilkf biqs`} ila a`{qilkf{ ijnlh

qsff,Qsff x`qm qmf {mnsqf{q qnqij csilkmjflhqm{

Lf`hmcns"gn`l`lh `{ qmf hsffa mfvs`{q`kdns d`la`lh qmf b`l`bvb ftnjvq`nl qsff

@lksfi{`lhj pnpvjis


96/128

V_HBIVlxf`hmqfa _i`s Hsnvp`lh x`qm

Is`qmbfq`k Bfil

Sisfj psnavkf{ qmf knssfkq qsff

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`l pmjnhflfq`k{ ila nqmfs kjv{qfs`lh

Sfknhl`{f ila itn`a `q)


97/128

V_HBID`la {bijjf{q tijvf `l a`{qilkf biqs`}*{i a-i*c

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ila a-c*k x`qm itfsihf a`{qilkf* dns ijjnqmfs {pfk`f{ k

Sfpfiq vlq`j qsff dnsbfa

Nlj psnavkf{ knssfkq qsff `d ijjcsilkmf{ isf qmf {ibf a`{qilkf dsnbns`h`l


98/128

V_HBI knvlqfsf}ibpjf

I ila Kgn`lfa d`s{q

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99/128

Bi}`bvb j`efj`mnna

[qiq`{q`kij bfqmna " pnxfsdvj ila

djf}`cjf* ij{n knbpvqiq`nlijj knbpjf}

H`tfl i pisq`kvjis qsff ila i bnafj nd

qmf ftnjvq`nlis kmilhf* kijkvjiqf qmf

j`efj`mnna nd qmf qsff ci{fa nl aiqi* `,f,

qmf h`tfl bvjq`pjf {fyvflkf ij`hlbflq

Dfj{fl{qf`l 90=9


100/128

Bi}`bvb jèfj`mnna

Jèfj`mnna-qsff z aiqi psnpnsq`nlij qn _sncic`j`q-

aiqi z qsff

I{ `l pis{`bnl ila jfi{q {yvisf{ a`{qilkf bfqmna*

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Bnafj nd ftnjvq`nlis kmilhf kil cf {`bpjf ns

knbpjf}* b`ssns`lh a`{qilkf bfqmna{


101/128

Bi}`bvb j`efj`mnna

Qsff x`qm csilkmf{* te csilkm jflhqm{

_sncic`j`q nd kmisikqfs kmilhf _IK-q

dns I "< K `l vl`q nd q`bf q

Anlq elnx kmisikqfs {qiqf{ `l{`af qsff

-`l qmf pi{q {n kijkvjiqf dns ijj

pn{{`c`j`q`f{* f,h, I* K* H* Q


102/128

Mvbil H

Anh I

Kiq I

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103/128

Mvbil H

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I

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104/128

Mvbil H

Anh I

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Mvbil {11


105/128

Mvbil {1

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106/128

Kijkvjiq`lh _`g-T)

Siqf biqs`} nd `l{qilqilfnv{ kmilhf

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ikm`ftfa c bvjq`pj`lh `l{qilqilfnv{biqs`} c `q{fjd

_`e-t 2 _`e-`l{qilqilfnv{t


107/128

@l{qilqilfnv{ ALI siqf

biqs`}, I K H Q

I 9-i9%i3%i;) i9 i3 i;

K i1 9-i1%i6%i4) i6 i4H i8 i= 9 -i8%i=%i0)i0H i9? i99 i93 9-i9?%i99%i93)


108/128

ALI siqf biqs`}

Gvef{"Kilqns a`{qilkf bnafj fyv`tijflq qn ijji flqs`f{ fyvij

E`bvsi qxn"pisibfqfs fyv`tijflq qn qxntijvf{* dns qsil{`q`nl{ ila qsil{tfs{`nl

[`qf qn {`qf tis`iq`nl -j`ef hibbi a`{qilkfbnafj{ v{vijj ikm`ftfa c c`l{ nd {`qf{ x`qma`ddfsflq siqf{ nd kmilhf

Sftfs{`cjf bnafj bfil{ qmf siqf biqs`} `{{bbfqs`k


109/128

F}ibpjf siqf biqs`kf{

Gvef{"Kilqns E`bvsi 3"pisibfqfs, I K H Q , I K H Q

I 9";i i i i I 9"i"3c c i cK i 9";i i i K c 9"i"3c c i

H i i 9";i i H i c 9"i"3c c

Q i i i 9";i Q c i c 9"i"3c


110/128

[ppfa`lh vp bi}`bvb

jèfj`mnnaBi}`bvb jèfj`mnna anf{ cf{q `l{`bvjiq`nl cvq `{ ij{n {jnxf{q bfqmna

Tis`fq nd lfx mfvs`{q`k{ qn d`la BJ qsffdi{qfs

Kil cpi{{ {fiskm`lh ila kijkvjiqfjèfj`mnna nd {fjfkqfa.`lqfsf{q`lh qsff{

ila knbpisf nd knvs{f qmf qsvf BJqsff bi lnq cf `lkjvafa `l knbpis`{nl


111/128

Kmnn{`lh i bnafj

Bnsf pisibfqfs{ af{`sicjf qn af{ks`cf{fyvflkf kmilhf ikkvsiqfj

Cvq bnsf pisibfqfs{ isf {jnxfs ilamisafs qn f{q`biqf

Fh 9??? {`qf{ `lqn dnvs hsnvp{ x`qm dnvsa`ddfsflq siqf{ nd kmilhf "< jf{{ aiqi dns

fikm kiqfhnsNtfspisibfqfs`{iq`nl

Xm` m qm a q c `ja


112/128

Xm`km bfqmna qn cv`ja

b qsff x`qm>Knl{`afsicjf afciqf i{ qn xm`km `{ qmfcf{q bfqmna

A`ddfsflq bfqmna{ `bpj a`ddfsflqbnafj{ nd {fyvflkf kmilhf* a`ddfsflqpm`jn{npm`f{

@l dikq* qmf yvij`q nd qmf aiqi `{ bn{q

`bpnsqilq dikqns `ldjvflk`lh qsffknl{qsvkq`nl


113/128

Yvij`q nd qmf qsff

_mjnhflfq`k qsff{ kil tis

asibiq`kijj x`qm {j`hmq kmilhf{ `l aiqi

Xf xilq qn elnx xm`km csilkmf{ isfsfj`icjf* ila xm`km csilkmf{ an lnq

mitf {qsnlh {vppnsq dsnb qmf aiqi

Cnnq{qsipp`lh `{ qmf bn{q knbbnlbfqmna v{fa -Dfj{fl{qf`l 90=6


114/128

Cnnq{qsipp`lh

Cnnq{qsipp`lh `{ i hflfsij {qiq`{q`kijqfkml`yvf dns afqfsb`l`lh mnx bvkm

fssns `{ `l i {fq nd sf{vjq{Cnnq{qsipp`lh `{ ippj`kicjf `d f`qmfs7

Xf isf lnq {vsf nd qmf {ibpjf {pikfqmf aiqi `{ asixl dsnb

Qmf bfqmna ippj`fa qn qmf aiqi killnqcf fi{`j ilij{fa


115/128

Cnnq{qsipp`lh

_{fvansfpj`kiqf{ nd aiqi {fq

Silanbj asix `qfb{ dsnb aiqi {fq x`qm

sfpjikfbflq* qn {`wf nd ns`h`lij aiqi {fqKijkvjiqf af{`sfa sf{vjq dns fikm

p{fvansfpj`kiqf

F}ib`lf a`{qs`cvq`nl nd sf{vjq iksn{{jishf {fq nd p{fvansfpj`kiqf{

C q q `


116/128

Cnnq{qsipp`lh {fyvflkf

ij`hlbflq{Dns fikm p{fvansfpj`kiqf* asixknjvbl{ nd aiqi silanbj x`qm

sfpjikfbflq qn ksfiqf i bvjq`pjf{fyvflkf ij`hlbflq nd {ibf jflhqm

Knl{qsvkq pmjnhflfq`k qsff dns fikm*v{`lh {ibf bfqmna ila pisibfqfs{

Afs`tf knl{fl{v{ qsff* knbpisf qnns`h`lij qsff


117/128

F}ibpjf ij`hlbflq

9999999993;1648=0?93;1648

Ntis [QKTJ[IPXEAFJLLPMCnqi [QKTJ[IPXEA"JLLPM[v{k [QKTJ[IPXSL"JLLDM

Mn{i [QKBJHQP"YA"DLEDMSiln [QKBJHQP"YA"JLEDM[i{i [QKTJHEJ[YF"JMEJY

S a c `qm


118/128

Silanb lvbcfs{ x`qm

sfpjikfbflq@l qmf f}ibpjf* qmfsf isf 98 pn{`q`nl{ `l

qmf ij`hlbflq

Kmn{f i silanb lvbcfs cfqxffl 9ila 98* 98 q`bf{

[nbf x`jj cf kmn{fl {ftfsij q`bf{*

{nbf lnq iq ijj6 9? 98 9? 8 9; 96 6 3 8 8 = 9 9? = 8 99


119/128

99999999

93;1648=0?93;1648Ntis [QKTJ[IPXEAFJLLPM

Cnqi [QKTJ[IPXEA"JLLPM

[v{k [QKTJ[IPXSL"JLLDMMn{i [QKBJHQP"YA"DLEDMSiln [QKBJHQP"YA"JLEDM

[i{i [QKTJHEJ[YF"JMEJY99 3 13 ;9 9 9 9


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Knl{fl{v{ qsff

9??? p{fvansfpj`kiqf{ "< 9??? qsff{

Knl{fl{v{ qsff7 @aflq`d csilkmf{

psf{flq `l ijj qsff{ d`s{qQmfl d`la csilkm {ffl `l bn{q qsff{

D`la lf}q bn{q knbbnl csilkm*knlq`lvf

An lnq `lkjvaf csilkmf{ qmiq knldj`kqx`qm psft`nv{j"iaafa csilkmf{


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Knl{fl{v{ qsff

I

C K

A

FFF

F

A

AA

K

KC

C

CC

C

C

C

C

C

K

K

K

K

K

K

K

II

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

A

A

A

A

A

A

F

F

F

F

FF

88&

66&

Xmiq an qmf cnnq{qsip


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Xmiq an qmf cnnq{qsip

tijvf{ bfil>Cnnq{qsip tijvf{ dns pmjnhflfq`k qsff{ an lnq dnjjnxpsnpfs {qiq`{q`kij cfmit`nvs

Cnnq{qsip tijvf 06& ikqvijj kjn{f qn 9??&

knldàflkf `l qmiq csilkmCnnq{qsip tijvf 86& ndqfl kjn{f qn 06& knldàflkf

Cnnq{qsip tijvf 4?& `{ bvkm jnxfs knldàflkf

Jf{{ qmil 6?& cnnq{qsip7 ln knldàflkf `l qmiqcsilkm ntfs il ijqfsliq`tf


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Cnnq{qsip j`b`qiq`nl

Cfkiv{f xf isf sf{ibpj`lh dsnb qmf

f}`{q`lh aiqi {fq* xf killnq ftfs mitf

p{fvansfpj`kiqf{ x`qm knjvbl{ lnqnc{fstfa `l qmf ns`h`lij aiqi {fq

Bi {nbfq`bf{ jfia qn ntfsf{q`biq`nl

nd cnnq{qsip tijvf dns pisq`kvjis csilkm


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_sikq`kij knl{àfsiq`nl{

Cfkiv{f LG `{ tfs di{q ila h`tf{ psfqqhnna qsff{* v{f LG qn qf{q a`ddfsflqpisibfqfs{ ila cnnq{qsipp`lh

Ij{n qf{q a`ddfsflq ij`hlbflq{ qn {ffmnx bvkm qmf ij`hlbflq iddfkq{ qmf qsff

V{f Bi}`bvb Jèfj`mnna dns bn{q

sfjìcjf qsff5 ns qn knbpisf {fjfkqfaqsff{


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_mjnhflfq`k{ {ndqxisf

_MPJ@_ Gnf Dfj{fl{qf`l bn{q v{fa{ndqxisf, Dsff* bnavjis* jishf tis`fq ndbfqmna{

_IV_' " Ait`a [xnddnsa Ds`flaj`fsv{fs `lqfsdikf* ns`h`lijj gv{q pis{`bnl*lnq dsff

BFHI3 [vam`s Evbis Dsff*{qsflhqm `l lf`hmcns"gn`l`lh* _K{ nlj


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_mjnhflfq`k{ {ndqxisf

Bil {pfk`ij`{q pikeihf{ lfxbfqmna{ `bpjfbflqfa c ivqmns{

Bi mitf a`ddfsflq `lpvq ila nvqpvqdnsbiq{

F}qfl{`tf `laf} iq

mqqp7..ftnjvq`nl,hflfq`k{,xi{m`lhqnl,fav.pmj`p.{ndqxisf,mqbj

Multiple Seq Analysis

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