Multiple Choice Strategies

1. Best suited2 Least suited

10.Clean up11 Best describes2. Least suited

3. Directly affected4 Not directly affected

11.Best describes12.Positive impact13 Negative impact4. Not directly affected

5. Direct cause of6. Decrease

13.Negative impact14.Result of15.Best example

7. Increase8. EXCEPT

p16.Serious immediate

problem9. Prevention

MC Question Set

Directions: Each set of lettered choices b l f t th b d tibelow refers to the numbered questions or statements immediately following it. Select the one lettered choice that best answersthe one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement. A choice may be used once more thanA choice may be used once, more than once, or not all in each set.

MC Question Set (cont.)Questions 1-4 refer to the following energy sources.

A. WindB BiB. BiomassC. SunlightD Nuclear fissionD. Nuclear fissionE. Movement of water

1. The source that produces long-lived hazardous p gwastes.

2. The source that is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells.

3. The source whose use is a direct cause of deforestationdeforestation.

4. The source that is not renewable.

Example MC Questions5. Most data indicate that, during the past 100 years,

climate change has:

a. decreased temperature by 5° Cb decreased temperature by 0 5° Cb. decreased temperature by 0.5 Cc. stayed the samed. increased temperature by 0.5° Cp ye. increased temperature by 5°C

Example MC Questions (cont.)6. If an incandescent light bulb used for lighting has

an efficiency rating of 8%, then for every 1.00 joule f l t i l d b th b lb hi h fof electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of

the following is produced? Notice, that you don’t need to know what a joule is to get the correctneed to know what a joule is to get the correct answer.

a. 1.08 joules of light energyb. 1.08 joules of heat energy

fc. 0.08 joule of light energyd. 0.92 joule of light energye 0 08 joule of heat energye. 0.08 joule of heat energy

Example MC Questions (cont.)7. Fragmenting (one large park or preserve into

many small parks with human habitation in b t th ) i t lik l t l d t hi h fbetween them) is most likely to lead to which of the following?

a. Reduction in species diversityb. Stabilization of microclimatesc. Decrease in the transition zoned. Increase in population size of top carnivore

fe. Increase in the number of specialists

Multiple Choice Strategies

1. Loss of habitat (decreasing)( g)2. Slow the population (increasing)3. Invasion by nonnative species (increasing)4. Increase/decrease use of fertilizers for

agriculture5. Global warming/climate change6. Declining in fisheries7. Acid Deposition

1. You will have 22 minutes to answer each FRQ.1. You will have 22 minutes to answer each FRQ.2. 10 points are possible for each question3. Read through all 4 questions first. You do not have to

answer the 1st FRQ before going on the second third oranswer the 1st FRQ before going on the second, third, or fourth FRQ. Answer the questions that you know the most about first.

4. Your free responses may be in a different order than what is presented here. You will have 2 synthesis and evaluation questions.evaluation questions.

5. Some parts of a question may have calculations. 6. You will have a document-based question. 7 FRQ’s have more than one part Each part is usually7. FRQ s have more than one part. Each part is usually

labeled with lower-case ii’s, or (a), (b). When you answer each part, label it. This makes it easier for the reader to find your answer.

Free Response Strategies

The following phrases require complete sentences. • Account for the fact…• Compare…• Describe• Describe…• Describe and discuss…• Describe and explain…Describe and explain…• Explain and defend or refute this statement…• Identify a….and the effect it would have on…• Justify your answer.• Make an argument for…

State clearl• State clearly…• Summarize the pattern…

Free Response Strategies

These phrases do not require complete sentences:These phrases do not require complete sentences:A calculator may not be used on any part of the Environmental Science Test.• Calculate• Draw and label

G h th d t• Graph the data• List…• Plot these data• Plot these data• Show calculations to support your answer• Show the setup for the calculationsp

Example FRQs1. Describe a connection between the

weather change associated with aweather change associated with a hurricane and the transmission of diseases (On this type of question usediseases. (On this type of question, use the words increase/decrease).

Example:

Example FRQs (cont.)2. Describe an important environmental

(economical) problem associated with a hurricane. (Here again, you can use the words increase/decrease). A(n) _____ in water temperature causes habitat destruction resulting in a _______ ofbiodiversity. Any time there is a problem in the question, you will need to give: the problem (habitat destruction) cause of the problem (_________ temperature) and the effect (________ biodiversity).

Example FRQs (cont.)3. Describe a strategy to control ticks. (A

strategy usually requires at least twostrategy usually requires at least two methods. A third method may give you an elaboration point ) Ex One method thatelaboration point.) Ex. One method that can control ticks is to ____________. A second method that can control ticks is tosecond method that can control ticks is to ___________.

Example FRQs (cont.)4. Identify and describe one way humans

have degraded wetlands (You are asked tohave degraded wetlands. (You are asked to do two things.) Ex. ______ ________ (identified) are one way humans have(identified) are one way humans have degraded wetlands. By ___________________________________ humans have caused habitat destruction (description) In order to get the point both(description). In order to get the point, both the identification and the description must be therebe there.

Example FRQs (cont.)5. Discuss one role that kelp forests play that

is ecologically (economically) importantis ecologically (economically) important. (This prompt requires two sentences, one for the role and the second for thefor the role and the second for the discussion). Only the first role you list will be graded Ex Kelp forests provide awill be graded. Ex. Kelp forests provide a ___________________________________

This supports______________________. This supports complex food webs (discussion).

Example FRQs (cont.)6. Describe and discuss one problem

associated with changes in temperature inassociated with changes in temperature in a wetland. (Your answer must have a description using increase/decrease) Thisdescription using increase/decrease) This prompt requires two sentences. If temperature increases in the water thentemperature increases in the water, then there will be a ________ in plant growth (description) A in plant growth(description). A ________ in plant growth will cause a loss of biodiversity (discussion)(discussion).

Example FRQs (cont.)7. Make an argument for diverting water for

urban consumption and an argument forurban consumption and an argument for permitting the flow of water to natural areas. An argument is defined as “A coherentAn argument is defined as, A coherent series of statements leading from a premise to a conclusion” Write all you knowto a conclusion . Write all you know.

Example:

Example FRQs (cont.)8. Explain one environmental policy that would

have a positive impact on wetlandshave a positive impact on wetlands.(An environment policy is defined as an official rule or regulation concerning theofficial rule or regulation concerning the environment adopted, implemented and enforced by some governmental agency)enforced by some governmental agency).

Ex The Endangered Species ActEx. The Endangered Species Act

Example FRQs (cont.)9. Here are a few ways to look at legislation:

Many times government policies are not y g pnecessary. For example: Describe one incentive that the government of a gcountry could offer its citizens that would favor a reduction in the growth grate of its population.Answer: One incentive that a government gcould offer its citizens that would favor a reduction in the growth would be a…g

Example FRQs (cont.)10.Identify and describe one abiotic water

test. (You are asked to do two things. Two ( gsentences may be necessary)

Example:

Penalties: • Increase taxes

for…• Remove subsidies Incentives:

• Tax credits for for…• Increase tariff’s

Tax credits for…• Tax rebates for…• Subsidize loans (taxes on imports)

on…

Subsidize loans for…

• Subsidies forSubsidies for companies that…

Important Environmental Laws and what they do:A. Endangered Species Act – Protects the habitat of

threatened and endangered speciesthreatened and endangered species.B. Lacey Act – Prohibits the transportation of

protected species between states.p pC. CITES Treaty – (Convention in International Trade

of Endangered Species) It regulates international t d f t t d i d th i d ttrade of protected species and their products.

D. Clean Water Act – Protects wetlands. Prevents habitat destruction. Regulates the discharge ofhabitat destruction. Regulates the discharge of pollutants in U.S. waterways.

E. Clean Air Act – Establishes ambient air standards f f i ll t tfor four primary pollutants.

Designing an Experiment the APES Way

Here is a guide to help you accumulate the mostpoints from this type of question.

1. State a hypothesis. It must be a clear statementof a hypothesis You must identify it as aof a hypothesis. You must identify it as a hypothesis: “My hypothesis is...” Also, use an if/then statement Such terms as:if/then statement. Such terms as: increase/decrease are important in your hypothesis. I would wait to formulate your y yhypothesis because as you create your experiment things may change. Keep it simple.

2. Specify a control. My control is ...

Designing an Experiment (cont.)

3. Identify and hold constant one experimental factor. My experimental factor is …

4. Describe what is being measured.

5. Explain how the data is collected. Somewhere here is a good place to write your hypothesishere is a good place to write your hypothesis.

6. Identify your independent and dependent y yvariable. Drawing a graph to show what will happen is a nice addition, however, don’t spend a l t f ti hlot of time here.

Designing an Experiment (cont.)

7. Must include two of the following:A. A time line for the experiment. Ex. 24 hour p

period/ 2 growing seasons B. Materials used (Provide a list) C. Correlation to other experiments.D. Specific sample size. Ex. Eight 2 ounce

bottles Two 10 gallon aquariumsbottles. Two 10 gallon aquariums.E. Specify size of area where the experiment is

taking place 8 ft /8 ft squaretaking place. 8 ft./8 ft. square.

Designing an Experiment (cont.)

8. Must include one of the following: (This will give you an elaboration point)y p )A. Repeated experiments. I will repeat my

experiment 2 more times to show validity.B. How other variables are controlled or tested.C. Correlation to other experiments.D How the experiment could be expanded orD. How the experiment could be expanded or

modified.E Relate to/discuss additional researchE. Relate to/discuss additional research.

9. Give expected results.