Multicasting
description
Transcript of Multicasting
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Multicasting
AbdulRahman AbdulSalamAhmad AlHammarYousef Yateem
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Types of Casting
1. Unicasting: • One-to-one• Easy to implement• Will waste bandwidth if many people demand the same
data.
2. Broadcasting:
3. Multicasting:
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Unicasting
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Types of Casting
1. Unicasting: • One-to-one• Easy to implement• Will waste bandwidth if many people demand the same
data.
2. Broadcasting:• One-to-all• Good when all request the same data• Bad if some don’t want it
3. Multicasting:• One-to-group• Solves both the problems above• More complicated than the two above
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Multicasting
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The Basic Idea of Multicasting
Instead of sending a separate copy of the data for each recipient, the source
sends the data only once, and routers along the way to the destinations
make copies as needed.
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Why Multicasting?
• Conserves Bandwidth• Consider stats from Victoria Secrets
• More than 1 million web hits during the 1st hour• 283% increase in web traffic during event.
• Enhanced Efficiency: • controls network traffic and reduces CPU loads
• Optimized performance: • eliminates traffic redundancy
• It’s all about the Cost• more bandwidth more costs
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Bandwidth Usage for Clients Listening to an 8 Kbps Audio Stream
Multicast vs. Unicast
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Multicasting at Transport Layer
• Multicasting uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol) as its underlying transport protocol.
No retransmission of packets or acknowledgment in the TL .
Any reliability must be engineered-in at higher level.
• The more reliable Multicasting forms, do have negative acknowledgments.
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Multicasting at Network Layer(IP Multicasting)
1. Addressing • IP addresses Class D• Address the message to Multicast group
2. Group Management• Uses Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
3. Routing• Message goes to Rendez-vous Points (RP)• RPs forward message to devices in domain and other RPs. • The Multicast Routing Protocol used is (PIM-SM)
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Shortest Path Tree
Group Member 1
Source
Group Member 2
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Rendezvous Point Tree
Group Member 1
Source 1
Group Member 2
Source 2
Rendezvous Point
RP Tree
Shortest Path Trees
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Applications that use Multicasting:• Video conferencing
• Corporate communications
• Distance learning
• Distribution of software
• Stock quotes
• News
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Sources and refrences• http://www.savetz.com/mbone/ch3_1.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicasting • http://abilene.internet2.edu/services/multicast.html• http://www.multicasttech.com/ • http://www.internet2.edu/resources/infosheetmulticast.pdf • http://mcast-wiki.internet2.edu/index.php?n=Main.MulticastCookbook • http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPMulticasting-2.htm • http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/largeent/learn/technologies/multicast.
html.
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/prodlit/ipimt_ov.htm • http://www.answers.com/topic/multicast?method=22• http://www.uoregon.edu/~joe/understanding-mpeg1-multicast.pdf • http://www.cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/products/ps6552/c1161/
cdccont_0900aecd80310883.pdf • ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/ipmulticast/networkers00/IntroToIPMulticast.pdf• www.iana.org/assignments/multicast-addresses.
http://www.sprintlink.net/multicast/faq.html#JoiningGroups
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Questions