Multicast Routing 3
-
Upload
bui-the-anh -
Category
Documents
-
view
234 -
download
0
Transcript of Multicast Routing 3
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
1/43
Multicast Routing in MANETs
Xu
Xuan(William)
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
2/43
Outline
Introduction of MulticastMulticast in MANETMulticast ProtocolsProtocol Comparison
ConclusionFuture Reading
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
3/43
What is Multicast
Point-to-multipoint" or "multipoint-to- multipoint Different from broadcast and unicast
Broadcast Multicast Unicast
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
4/43
Advantages of Multicast
Delivery to destinations simultaneouslyDeliver the messages over each link of the network onlyonceonly create copies when the links to the destinations split
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
5/43
Multicast routing in MANETs
What is MANET (Mobil Ad Hoc Network)No fixed infrastructureDynamic changed network topologyLimited bandwidth and power
Multicast in MANETsPlay an important roleInternet multicast protocols are not suitableOn-demand multicast protocols
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
6/43
Types of Multicast Routing
Tree-basedOne path between a source-receiver pair
AMRoute, AMRIS
Mash-basedMultiple paths between a source-receiver pairODMRP, CAMP
HybridZone Routing Protocol (ZRP)
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
7/43
Typical Multicast Routing Protocols
AMRIS: Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocol UtilizingIncreasing ID Numbers
National University of SingaporeGeorgia Institute of TechnologyNovember 1998 [draft]
ODMRP: On-demand Multicasting Routing ProtocolUniversity of California at Los AngelesJanuary 2000 [draft]
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
8/43
Why we compare them?
Old Chinese saying: One cant catch both the fish and the bear. Solution: Get out of the dilemma by application needs.
AMRIS ODMRP
Big differenceTopology Shared Delivery Tree Mesh of No
Main Similarity
Mobility support Yes, based on MANET
Driven mode On-demand, do not store whole network topology
Advantages simple topology
low overheads
mobility
robustnesDisadvantages sensitive to mobility complex topolog
high overhea
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
9/43
Protocol Phases
Initialization phaseHow to set up a multicast session?How to determine the best routing path?
Maintenance phaseHow to maintain the topology?How to join/leave a multicast session?Discuss the complexity of mobility.
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
10/43
AMRIS
Things need to know:SID: Smallest-ID node, holder is the source;msm-id: multicast session member ID;Multicast Messages:
NEW-SESSION (N-S, includes msm-id/route table)
JOIN-REQ (J-R)JOIN-ACK (J-A)JOIN-NAK (J-N)
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
11/43
AMRIS: Initialization phase (1)
Sender actions:Downstream
Generate N-S messageBroadcast N-S
Upstream
Wait for J-RReturn J-ACollect Receiver anddetermine the route path
XSid = msm-id = 0
XSid = msm-id = 0
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
12/43
AMRIS: Initialization phase (2)
Intermediate node actions: (Downstream)
Receive N-S;Calculate own msm-id:
Broadcast N- S(with );One solution:
X
11 14 18
Sid = msm-id = 0
parent self id msmid msm
self id msm
X
34
11
24 2821
31
14 18
38
Sid = msm-id = 0
count hop M INT id msm self _ /))2/(^2((
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
13/43
AMRIS: Initialization phase (3)
Intermediate node actions: (Upstream)
Receive J-R;If node already in multicast pathtree
Reply with J-A, path established !Otherwise send J-R up to potentialparent (smallest );
Receive J-A, reply J-A to J-R senderand path established!Timeout or received J-N
BR1: send J-R to a new parent or BR2:broadcast J-R;
If BR1 or BR2 success, reply J-A to J-Rsender and path established else replyJ-N to J-R sender ( failed!! );
parent id msm
X
11 14 18
Sid = msm-id = 0
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
14/43
AMRIS: Initialization phase (4)
Receiver actions:
DownstreamReceive N-S;Calculate own msm-id;
UpstreamGenerate J-R message;Send J-R up to potential parent(smallest );
Receive J-A, path established ! Timeout or received J-N
BR1: send J-R to a new parentBR2: broadcast J-RIf BR1 or BR2 success, path
established else path failed !!
parent id msm
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
15/43
AMRIS: Initialization phase (5)
Initialization routine recall:Sender: N-S;Inter-node: relay N-S with new msm-id; Receiver: reply with J-R;
Inter-node: reply with J-A or relay J-R; Tree established success / fail
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
16/43
AMRIS: Maintenance phase (1)
Beacon packageNode id;msm-id;membership status;registered parents;
childs id and msm -id;partition id;
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
17/43
AMRIS: Maintenance phase (2)
Beaconing MechanismNode should broadcast beacon msg periodically;Node should detect neighbors beacon msg;
Node joins: detect beacon msg and perform BR1 and BR2 to join;Node leaves: stop broadcast beacon msg;
Link-break: if no beacon msg received then perform BR1 and BR2 torejoin;
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
18/43
ODMRP
Things need to know:Multicast Messages:
JOIN-QUERY (J-Q);JOIN-REPLY (J-R);
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
19/43
ODMRP: Initialization phase (1)
Sender actions:Downstream
Generate J-Q message;Broadcast J-Q ;
Upstream
Receive J-R (include theshortest path);
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
20/43
ODMRP: Initialization phase (2)
Intermediate nodeactions: (Downstream)
Receive J-Q, omitduplicated ones (usecached sequence NO);
Store upstream node info;Re-Broadcast J-Q;
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
21/43
ODMRP: Initialization phase (3)
Intermediate nodeactions: (Upstream)
Received J-R;If node is on the path
Generate new J- R with node
info and broadcast,established!
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
22/43
ODMRP: Initialization phase (4)
JOIN-REPLY message
I1S1
I2S2
R1
R1
Sender Next Node
S1 I1
S2 I2
Sender Next Node
S1 S1
J-R of R1 J-R of I1
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
23/43
ODMRP: Initialization phase (5)
Receiver actions:Downstream
Received J-Q;Generate J-R with (path info);
Upstream
Broadcast J-R;
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
24/43
ODMRP: Maintenance phase
Soft state approachSender repeat J-R periodically to maintain;Node joins
the same as Initialization phase;
Node leaves
Sender: stop sending J-Q;Receiver: stop sending J-R;
Link-breakreceived new J-Q and reply with J-R;
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
25/43
Algorithm Comparison (1)
AMRIS ODM
More differencesMulticast topology Shared Delivery Tree Mesh of Nodes
Initialization Generating msm-id; Store upstream info;
Maintenance All nodes periodically send beacon msg Sender periodically send J-Q
Node joins Detect beacon msg and perform BR; Detect J-Q and response J-R
Node leaves Stop beacon msg; Stop J-R or J-Q;
Link-break No more beacon msg and perform BR; received new J-Q and reply J
More and more differences (message types, routing table info)
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
26/43
Algorithm Comparison (2)
AMRIS and ODMRP
More SimilaritiesMobility support Yes, based on MANET
Driven mode On-demand, don not store whole network topology
Broadcast message Yes
Unicast capabilities Yes
Periodic message YesLoop free Yes
More and more similarities
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
27/43
Algorithm Improvement (1)
AMRIS:Sid selection algorithm
Problem: core-election type of algorithm;Potential solution: investigate and select a best one;
Beacon mechanism
Problem: too many beacon messages;Potential solution: Adopt algorithms from CAMP (Core-Assisted MeshProtocol);
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
28/43
Algorithm Improvement (2)
ODMRP:Overhead in multi-sender scenario
Problem: core-election type of algorithm;Potential solution: investigate and select a best one;
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
29/43
Comparison of the AMRIS & ODMRP Protocols
InitializationWhich one is better (under certain circumstances)?
Maintenance Adaptation to network topology changes
PerformancePacket Delivery Ratio (PDR)
Overhead# of Control Bytes TXed / Data bytes Delivered
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
30/43
Performance Comparison (1)
Packet Delivery Ratio as afunction of mobile speed
# of data packets actuallydelivered to the destinationsversus # of data packetssupposed to be receivedPDR of ARMIS is speedsensitive
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
31/43
Performance Comparison (2)
Packet Delivery Ratio as afunction of # of senders
PDR of AMRIS is not speedsensitiveODRMPs performance
improves as number ofsenders increases
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
32/43
Performance Comparison (3)
Packet Delivery Ratio as afunction of multicast groupsize
PDR of ODMRP is notspeed sensitive
AMRISs performanceimproves as member sizegrows
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
33/43
Performance Comparison (4)
Packet Delivery Ratio as afunction of network trafficload
AMRIS has severe packetloss rate
ODMRP suffers less
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
34/43
Overhead Comparison (1)
Number of Control BytesTransmitted Per DataBytes Delivered as afunction of mobility speed
Control bytes are control
packets and data packetheadersNot speed sensitive
AMRIS has lower ratio
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
35/43
Overhead Comparison (2)
Number of Control BytesTransmitted Per DataBytes Delivered as aFunction of # of Senders
AMRIS does not affected by
number of sendersODMRP may not beefficient in large network
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
36/43
Qualitative Comparison
Bandwidth ConsumptionODMRP tends transmit more control bytes than AMRISHowever, ODMRP has higher packet delivery ratio
Power ConsumptionDepends on mobility speed, number of sender, network trafficload and etc.Not a problem for vehicle based mobile nodes
Others
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
37/43
Protocol Applications (1)
MilitaryChange frequently andunpredictablyODMRP protocolMay suffer from excessive
control overhead
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
38/43
Protocol Applications (2)
Disaster RecoveryRelatively MobileODMRP protocol orhybrid protocol
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
39/43
Protocol Applications (3)
Sensor NetworkNot move frequently
AMRIS protocol
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
40/43
Protocol Applications (3)
EntertainmentNo base station or infrastructureSony PlayStation Portable Ad-hoc networks
Allows several PSP users to connect to each other as long as all the userare in broadcast range of each otherOne unit acts as a host of the gameHost reduces battery life by as much as 35%
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
41/43
Conclusion
AMRIS ODMRP
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
42/43
Future Reading
Algorithm Drafts[1] C. W. Wu, Y.C. Tay, and C.- K. Toh, Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocol UtiIncreasing id- numberS (AMRIS) Functional Specification, Internet draft, Nov. 1998[2] M. Gerla, S.- J. Lee, and W. Su. On -Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (OD
Ad Hoc Networks, Internet draft, draft -ietf-manet-odmrp-02.txt, 2000.
Journal Papers[3] H. Gossain, C. M. Cordeiro, and D. P. Agrawal, Multicast: Wired to Wireless, IECommun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 6, June 2002, pp. 116 23.[4] L. Ji, and M. S. Corson, Differential Destination Multicast A MANET Routing Protocol for Small Groups, Proc. INFOCOM, 2001, pp.1192 02.etc
-
8/12/2019 Multicast Routing 3
43/43
References
Multicast over wireless mobile ad hoc networks: Present and future directions, Carlos d
Morais Cordeiro, Hrishikesh Gossain and Dharma P. Agrawal, IEEE Network, JaA Performance Comparison Study of Ad Hoc Wireless Multicast Protocols, SungWilliam Su, Julian Hsu, Mario Gerla, and Rajive Bagrodia, Proceedings of IEEE I2000Exploring Mesh - and Tree Based Multicast Routing Protocols for MANETs, KumarViswanath, Katia Obraczka and Gene TsudikCapacity of Wireless Mesh Networks Understanding Single Radio, Dual Radio and MultRadio Wireless Mesh Networks On the 802.11 Turbulence of Nintendo DS and Sony PSP Handheld Network Games, MClaypoolwww.wikipedia.org