Analysis of the National Air Pollutant Emission Inventory ...
Multi-pollutant Emission Reduction Technology for … · 1 Multi-pollutant Emission Reduction...
Transcript of Multi-pollutant Emission Reduction Technology for … · 1 Multi-pollutant Emission Reduction...
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Multi-pollutant Emission Reduction Technologyfor Small Utility Boilers
Nalco Mobotec
Presented to:Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium
Innovative Industrial Source Control and Measurement Technologies Workshop
March 24, 2010
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Multi-pollutant Control Approach
NOxSO2
SO3
MercuryHClCombustion efficiency improvementCO2 – biomass co-firing
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Nalco Mobotec Systems
ROFA® System– NOx, Combustion Improvement, LOI, PMRotamix® System - NOx, SOx, Hg, HClSorbent Injection Systems – SO2 sorbents, activated carbonMerControl ® - Hg8034 Chemical - HgMagMill ® – Multi-pollutant, combustion improvement, slagging reduction, plant efficiencyCo-firing BiofuelsBiomass Conversion ProjectsFireside Chemicals
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Multi-pollutant Control Approach
ROFA – Rotating Opposed Fired Air System– Deep combustion staging– High turbulence for mixing– CFD modeling– NOx, SO3 reductions
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U.S. ROFA System Installations
Plant Location Installation Chemical Load Fuel Boiler TypeCP&L, Cape Fear Unit 5 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 154MW Pulverized Coal T-fired SingleCP&L, Cape Fear Unit 6 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 172MW Pulverized Coal T-fired TwinDynegy, Vermillion USA ROFA/Rotamix Urea 80MW Pulverized Coal T-fired SingleRichmond, Whitewater 1 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 44 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedRichmond, Whitewater 2 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 72 MW Pulverized Coal T-firedDominion, Yorktown 1 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 175 MW Pulverized Coal T-fired TwinDominion, Chesapeake 1 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 120 MW Pulverized Coal T-firedDominion, Chesapeake 2 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 120 MW Pulverized Coal T-firedDominion, Bremo Bluff 4 USA ROFA Air Only 165 MW Pulverized Coal Wall fired*Northeast USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 180 MW Pulverized Coal Wall fired*Northeast USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 180 MW Pulverized Coal Wall fired*Midwest USA ROFA Air Only 160 MW Pulverized Coal Wall fired*Northeast USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 570 MW Pulverized Coal Opposed-firedAMP, Gorsuch 3 USA ROFA Air Only 55 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedAMP, Gorsuch 2 USA ROFA Air Only 55 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedCity of Glendale, Grayson 5 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 44 MW Land-fill Gas Wall firedDominion, Yorktown 2 USA ROFA/Rotamix Ammonia 175 MW Pulverized Coal T-fired TwinProgress Energy, Robinson USA ROFA Air Only 172 MW Pulverized Coal T-fired twinRichmond, Whitewater 2 USA Rotamix FSI Limestone 72 MW Pulverized Coal T-firedProgress Energy, Sutton 3 USA Enhanced Rotamix Urea 424 MW Pulverized Coal Wall fired
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U.S. ROFA System Installations
Plant Location Installation Chemical Load Fuel Boiler TypeGeorgia Pacific, Cedar Springs PB1 USA ROFA Air Only 530,000lbs/hr Wood/Coal Grate & Wall FiredGeorgia Pacific, Cedar Springs PB2 USA ROFA Air Only 530,00lbs/hr Wood/Coal Grate & Wall FiredInter-Power/AhlCon Partners - Colver Power Project USA ROFA Air Only 131 MW Waste Coal Circ. Fluidized BedNew Energy Capital, Greenville Energy Center USA ROFA/Rotamix Urea 17 MW Wood Bubbling BedMinnesota Power, Taconite Harbor Unit 2 USA ROFA/Rotamix/FSI Urea, Lime, MercControl 75 MW Pulverized Coal T-FiredSolutia USA ROFA/FSI MinPlus 40MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedEnGeneration - Lumberton Unit 1 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 16MW Coal StokerEnGeneration - Lumberton Unit 2 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 16MW Coal StokerEnGeneration - Elizabethtown Unit 1 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 16MW Coal StokerEnGeneration - Elizabethtown Unit 2 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 16MW Coal StokerProgress Energy - Lee 3 USA Enhanced Rotamix Urea 260 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedNevada Power, Reid Gardner Unit 4 USA ROFA Air Only 260MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedSmurfit Stone Container Corp - Ontonagon USA ROFA/FSI MinPlus 29MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedMinnesota Power, Taconite Harbor Unit 1 USA ROFA/Rotamix/FSI Urea, Lime, MercControl 75 MW Pulverized Coal T-FiredMinnesota Power, Taconite Harbor Unit 3 USA ROFA/Rotamix/FSI Urea, Lime, MercControl 75 MW Pulverized Coal T-FiredAES Beaver Valley - Unit 3 USA ROFA Air Only 43 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedAltura Power/PSNM - Twin Oaks Power Unit 1 USA ROFA Air Only 175 MW Lignite Circ. Fluidized BedAltura Power/PSNM - Twin Oaks Power Unit 2 USA ROFA Air Only 175 MW Lignite Circ. Fluidized BedHoosier Energy Unit 1 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 130 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedRochester Public Utility USA ROFA/Rotamix Urea 50 MW Pulverized Coal Wall fired
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U.S. ROFA System Installations
Plant Location Installation Chemical Load Fuel Boiler TypeMinnesota Power, Boswell Unit #1 USA ROFA/Rotamix Urea 73 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedMinnesota Power, Boswell Unit #2 USA ROFA/Rotamix Urea 73 MW Pulverized Coal Wall firedMinnesota Power, Boswell Unit #4 USA Enhanced Rotamix Urea 565 MW Pulverized Coal T-firedConfidential Client USA ROFA/Rotamix Urea 20 MW Coal GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Southport, Unit #1, Blr #1 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Southport, Unit #1, Blr #2 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Southport, Unit #1, Blr #3 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Southport, Unit #2, Blr #1 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Southport, Unit #2, Blr #2 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Southport, Unit #2, Blr #3 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Roxboro, Unit #1, Blr #1 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Roxboro, Unit #1, Blr #2 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GratePrimary Energy/EPCOR Roxboro, Unit #1, Blr #3 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 20 MW Wood/Coal/TDF GrateConfidential Client USA FSI MinPlus 300 MW Coal T-FiredConfidential Client USA FSI MinPlus 400 MW Coal T-FiredHoosier Energy Unit 2 USA ROFA/FSI Limestone 130 MW Pulverized Coal Wall fired** For Individual Project Results Please Contact a MobotecUSA Representative
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Mobotec Multi-Pollutant Control in CAIR, BART
Mobotec as in December 29, 2005 Federal Register/Proposed RulesSeveral technology options are available for mitigating sulfuric acid emission increases from CAIR
retrofit projects.These include:· Injecting alkali materials into the furnace;· Injecting alkali post furnace;· Injecting ammonia;· Fuel switching (e.g., firing lower sulfur coal);· Selecting specialized SCR catalyst with a low SO3 conversion rate;· Installing wet ESP; and· Installing FGD.The Agency anticipates that some CAIR sources may choose to install emerging multi-pollutant control
technologies designed to reduce not only SO2 and NOX but SO3 and other pollutants as well. Generally, sources choosing to employ such technologies would do so if they found it to be economical. Although EPA does not endorse the purchase or sale of any specific products and services mentioned, example multi-pollutant technologies include:· Powerspan ECO Technology; and· Mobotec USA Inc. ROTAMIX
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December 29, 2005 Federal Register
Federal Register/Proposed RulesThe affected CAIR sources also have the option to use an advanced OFA system with the potential to achieve high NOX reduction levels, with no increases in CO and unburned carbon levels. This technology utilizes rotating opposed fire air (ROFA) and has been installed or demonstrated at several plants worldwide.15 [foot note to Nalco Mobotec website]
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BART
Mobotec BART in Minnesota (page 14 of the state’s acceptance)Given that the Mobotec technology is the most cost effective as compared with
the alternative technology considered, and given the desirability associated with reducing NOx, SO2 and mercury with one technology application, the MPCA views the selection of the Mobotec technology as a cost-effective reduction strategy for Taconite Harbor and meets the requirements of the statute.
Summary The Taconite Harbor retrofit project meets the conditions of Minn. Stat.
216B.1692, subd 1, lowering emission rates of regulations pollutants to substantially lower than applicable NSPS for SO2 and mercury and at an overall cost-effective level for all pollutants. No change in PM emissions will occur with implementation of this project.
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NOx Control
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ROFA® System
Rotating Opposed Fire Air
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Before ROFA
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After ROFA
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ROTAMIX® System
A THIRD GENERATION SNCR
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NOx Removal Chemical Equations
NOx Reduction
Ammonia4NO + 4NH3 + O2 4N2 + 6H2O
Urea2NO + (NH2)2CO + 1/2O2 2N2 + 2H2O + 2CO2
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NOx Reduction Technology
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ROFA (45‐65%)
Low NOx Burners(20‐30%)Over Fire Air (25‐35%)
SNCR/Rotamix (15‐35%)
LNB +OFA (35‐45%)
ROFA + Rotamix(65‐80+%)
90
SCR (70‐90+%)
$ P e
r Kw
% NOx Reduction
ROFA + Rotamix + IDSCR (75‐90%)
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Sorbent Injection Systemsfor SO2, SO3 and Hg
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Multi-pollutant Control Approach
ROFA System – High turbulence for mixing– CFD modeling– NOx, SO3 reductions
ROFA + Rotamix SO2 Control– Furnace sorbent injection– High turbulence ideal for SO2 capture– CFD modeling to target optimum injection temperature
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Sorbent Injection through ROFA Ports
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SO2 Control Technologies
Furnace sorbent injection (FSI)– Hydrated lime or limestone– 50-70% SO2 reduction
Post-furnace sorbent injection (DSI)– Trona or sodium bicarbonate– 60-80% SO2 reduction
Applicable to low to medium sulfur coals, including PRB
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Furnace Sorbent Injection Modeling
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Sorbent Distribution Optimized
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Sorbent Temperature/Time Optimized
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FSI SO2 Control at EGU’s
Company Unit State MW
Minnesota Power
Taconite Harbor Units 1&2
MN 150
Richmond Power & Light
Whitewater Valley Unit 2
IN 72
EnGeneration Lumberton Units 1&2 NC 32
EnGeneration Elizabethtown Units 1&2
NC 32
EPCOR Roxboro NC 57
EPCOR Southport NC 114
TOTAL 457
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DSI SO2 Control at EGU’s
Company Unit State MW
Conectiv Energy Edge Moor Units 3&4
DE 252
NRG Energy Huntley Units 67&68
NY 435
NRG Energy Dunkirk Units 1‐4
NY 514
Mirant Potomac River Units 1‐5
VA 628
TOTAL 1829
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Sorbent Injection Systems Available
– Full Scale Permanent systems for Trona (milled and unmilled)
– Full Scale Permanent systems for Hydrate Injection– Full Scale Permanent systems for Limestone Furnace
Injection– Full Scale Permanent systems for ACI Injection – Trona Injection testing– Sodium Bicarbonate Injection testing– Sodium Sesquicarbonate Injection testing– Hydrate Injection Testing– ACI Injection testing
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Full-scale Sorbent Injecting Testing Equipment
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Permanent Injection Systems
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Mercury Control
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3131
Mercury Control Solutions
Coal
BoilerPMD
Waste Water/Contaminants
HgT
HgT = Hg0 + Hg2+ + particulate Hg
Coal Enrichment Sorbent Injection FGD Additives
Water Quality
Fly Ash/Hg
Copyright 2009, Nalco Mobotec, all rights reserved
Hg2+
MagMillTM
MerControl® 7895
Activated CarbonMerControl® 8034
Nalmet 1689
Nalco Mobotec Offerings
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Factors Influencing MerControl® 7895 Efficiency
Percent Carbon present in fly ash
Percent Native Hg Oxidation
Halogen Present in Coal
Influence of SCR
Presence of W-FGD
Primary Mechanism of Removal– ACI vs. FGD
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MerControl® 7895 Case 1: Bituminous Coal (High Cl), SCR, CS-ESP, W-FGD
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MerControl® Case 1: Bituminous Coal (High Cl), SCR, CS-ESP, W-FGD
R2 = 0.9579
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
MerControl Loading (ppmw, product)
Hg
Red
uctio
n (O
HM
) [%
]
Ammended Data Raw Data
Poly. (Ammended Data)
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MerControl® 7895 plus PAC injection: Case 2
180 MW Combined (Two Units)Sub-bituminousCold-side ESPCombined Fabric FilterTesting performed in conjunction with EPRI (mercury sampling performed by Apogee Scientific)Evaluated performance of MerControl® 7895 with straight PAC injection compared to halogenated sorbents.Also, included modified non-halogenated carbon with MerControl® 7895.
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MerControl® 7895 plus PAC (Sub, CS-ESP, FF): Case 2
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Concentration (ppm)
Max
imum
Oxi
dize
d Fr
actio
n
MerControl
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MerControl® 7895 plus PAC (Sub, CS-ESP, FF): Case 2
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
Sorbent Injection Concentration (lbs.Mmacf)
Max
Rem
oval
wrt
Bas
elin
e (%
)
MerControl at 220 ppm MerControl at 340 ppm MerControl at 380 ppm MerControl at 450 ppm
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MerControl® 7895 plus HPAC (Sub, SCR, SDA, FF): Case 3
Existing - 1.5 lbs/MMACF of HPAC to get 1.7 lbs/TBtu HgMerControl – 0 lbs/MMACF of HPAC, 2.8 gph MerControl to get 0.7 lbs.TBtu Hg
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MerControl® 7895 plus PAC (Sub, CS-ESP): Case 4
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Biomass and Biomass Co-firing
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USA Paper Mill (550,000lbs/hr)Co-firing Pulverized Coal and Wood
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Biomass Co-firing & Firing
Multiple European Projects in the past 5 years.Up to >70 MWe installationConverted from coal to 100% biomass @ full load with ROFANA Feasibility study - 230 MWe unit– 100% coal to 100% biomass pellets w/ ROFA
Co-benefits to reducing CO2– Reduction in NOx, SOx, Hg, PM
Biomass Challenges– Address with ROFA & FCT
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Wroclaw, PolandBiomass Co-firing with ROFA
Impact– NOx reduction – Combustion improvement– Biomass burnout
Driver – NOx <200 mg/Nm3 by 2016ROFA Solution – Biomass as energy input – 45%
• With no reduction in boiler efficiency– 63% NOx Reduction from start case– LOI <5% (maintain fly ash sales)– CO <100 mg/Nm3 – 36% SO2 Reduction
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Vasthamnsverket, SwedenROFA & Rotamix
240 MWt ~ 70MWeInstalled in 2005ROFA– 100% biomass– Maintained boiler efficiency– NOx & other emissions reduction
Rotamix– Fouling and corrosion risk associated with biomass
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Thank You!
Contact Information:Jamie Fessenden
Nalco [email protected]
O: (724) 935-5250 x 102C: (925) 766-5790
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