Multi-Hop Effective Bandwidth Based Routing in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks
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Transcript of Multi-Hop Effective Bandwidth Based Routing in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks
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Hongkun Li, Yu Cheng, Chi Zhou
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
IEEE GLOBECOM 2008
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OutlineIntroductionRelated WorkGoalSystem ModelDesign of interference aware routing metric
Calculation of Multi-hop Effective BandwidthRouting Protocol Design
Performance evaluationConclusion
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IntroductionIn wireless mesh networks(WMNs)
Self-organization, self-configuration, easy maintenance, reliable service coverage, and broadband access especially
In a multi-hop WMN, when multiple channels or radio interfaces are applied, it is always preferable to choose a path with higher throughput to fully exploit the network capacity
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IntroductionIn a multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh network
Each channel may observe different traffic loads and different interference topologies
S
A B
D
CH2 CH1CH3
CH2CH4
CH3
CH2CH1
Channel number small is high transmission speed
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Related Work – WCETT
Richard Draves, Jitendra Padhye, and Brian Zill, ”Routing in Multi-Radio, Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks,” in ACM MOBICOM, 2004
Sum of transmission times along all hopsThe most impact on the throughput of this path.
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Related Work – WCETT and MIC
But the inter-flow interference and the space diversity are still not considered.
Y. Yang, J. Wang, and R. Kravets, “Designing Routing Metrics for Mesh Networks,” in WiMesh, 2005, Only consider the number of interfering nodes
A B
C DE
S D
CH1 CH1CH1
CH1CH1
CH1
CH2CH1
Heavily loaded
Light loaded
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GoalImprove the throughput performance
Calculation of Multi-hop Effective BandwidthSpace / channel diversity
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System modelEach node may have one or more network interface cards
(NICs) and the number of NICs equipped at different nodes is not necessarily the same.
The wireless links between nodes are bidirectional.Transmission range of a node as one hop, while the
interference range is r (≥ 2) hops.The routing control information exchanged among
neighbor nodes is error free.The channel assignment at each node is given
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System modelIf two successive links share one channel, say channel i,
with its maximum bandwidth Bi, the achievable bandwidth for these two links is Bi/2.
BA Ci j
L is packet length
100100 10050 50
50*50
50 50=
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Calculation of Multi-hop Effective BandwidthTo measure the impact on the capacityWe define interference degree ratio IDRi(uv) for link i
between u and v as follows:
Pmax is the maximum tolerable interference power at receiver
Utilization of the channel assigned to link i.
v’ the set of nodes located in interference range of v
Pv(k) the interference power from a interfering node k
If there is no interference, the ratio is 0
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Calculation of Multi-hop Effective Bandwidthwe evaluate the achievable bandwidth at link i under the
ITFI as follows:
Achievable bandwidth under the inter-flow interference (ABITF)Achievable bandwidth under intra-flow interference (ABIRF) Inter-flow interference (ITFI) Intra-flow interference (IRFI)
Bi is the original bandwidth of link i
ETXi denotes the expected transmission attempts for a successful transmission over link i
Douglas S. J. De Couto, Daniel Aguayo, John Bicket, and Robert Morris, “A High-Throughput Path Metric for Multi-Hop Wireless Routing,” in ACM MOBICOM, 2003, pp.419-434.
Delivery ratios of the link.
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There exists IRFI if two links are in the same path and within each other’s interference range, i.e. within r ( 2)≧ hops.
A link will potentially interfere with another link, which is at most r+2 hops away, and each sub-path spans r+2 links
Define a sub-path containing r+2 consecutive links in a path Q−r−1 sub-paths in the path (Q is hops in a path)
Calculation of Multi-hop Effective Bandwidth
A DCB E A DCB E
r
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Sub-path A − B − C − D − E, r=2
Step 1: For first link of jth sub-path, set ABIRFj equals to bandwidth of the channel on which first link works.
Calculation of Multi-hop Effective Bandwidth
A DCB E1 2 1 3
Set ABIRF equal to B1
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Sub-path A − B − C − D − E, r=2
Step 2: Set Bpre = ABIRFj and go to the next link, and check whether the channel i on which next link is working has been used in previous links
Calculation of Multi-hop Effective Bandwidth
A DCB E1 2 1 3
ABIRFj = min(B1,B2)
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Sub-path A − B − C − D − E, r=2
Step 2: Set Bpre = ABIRFj and go to the next link, and check whether the channel i on which next link is working has been used in previous links
Calculation of Multi-hop Effective Bandwidth
A DCB E1 2 1 3
ABIRFj =Bpre × B1Bpre +B1
Bpre is bandwidth of virtual connection AC
BA C1 1
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ABIRFj= min (ABIRFj)where i = 1, 2, ... Q−r−1
Only one link could be active during one slot in a sub-path among the links on the same channel
The sub-path with least effective bandwidth means it takes more time for the same flow to traverse these consecutive r+2 links than any other sub-paths
Calculation of Multi-hop Effective Bandwidth
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Routing Protocol DesignModifying the popular AODV protocol.They also need to calculate the ABITF and ABIRF to
update the value of MHEB when it receives an up-to-date RREQ or RREP.
The HELLO packet is used to estimate ETX and IDR of each link.
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Each forwarding node inserts in RREQ information about IDR, ETX and the channels on which they are operating.
A→F
Routing Protocol Design
A DCB E1 2 1 3
A DCB E F
RREQComputes theABIRF 、 ABITF
Update the reverse routeDiscard the message
RREP
reverse route recorded during transmission of RREQ messagerecord the forwarding route
to the destination node.
DATA
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Performance Evaluation
Parameter Value
Simulator Ns-2
Number of Node 81
Sources and destinations 4 pairs
Simulated area 1800m x 1800m
Transmission range 250 m
Interference range 550 m
CBR flow 1500 bytes
Simulation time 100 seconds
r 2 hops
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Performance Evaluation
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Performance Evaluation
Fig. 4. Throughput performance with single channel in the grid topology.
Fig. 5. Throughput performance with single channel in the random topology.
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Performance Evaluation
Fig. 6. Throughput performance with 3 channels in the grid topology.
Fig. 7. Throughput performance with 3 channels in the random topology.
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ConclusionThe computation of MHEB considers both intra-flow and
inter-flow interference, including factors such as link loss rate, channel utilization, and bandwidth of sub-path.
As a result, interference-awareness and load-balancing can be achieved simultaneously.