Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive...
-
Upload
elfrieda-strickland -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive...
![Page 1: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Multi-function Phased Array RadarFindings of the Joint Action Group
Dr. Mark Weadon
Executive Secretary
MPAR Work Group
![Page 2: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Motivation• What is Phased Array Radar?• Advantages of PAR in Weather Surveillance• Multi-function Capability• PAR Affordability• Research Phase Objectives• Summary and Vision• Where Do We Go From Here?
![Page 3: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Motivation for MPAR Research
• NEXRAD and FAA’s Terminal Doppler Weather Radar are aging systems. By 2020 both will be 30+ years old. No replacement technology has been identified.
• Potential of PAR for weather surveillance well documented: National Research Council, Weather Radar Technology: Beyond NEXRAD (2003)
Aerospace Corp, Future Weather Doppler Radar Feasibility Study (2003) Strategic Plan for U.S. Integrated Earth Observation System (2005)
![Page 4: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Motivation for MPAR Research
• In 2004 the Interdepartmental Committee for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research (ICMSSR) tasked a Joint Action Group (JAG) to assess multi-agency radar needs and to develop an Phased Array Radar Research and Development Plan.
• Originally tasked to assess PAR solely as a weather surveillance capability, the JAG expanded its scope to include aircraft surveillance under the heading of a Multi-function Phased Array Radar (MPAR) needs assessment.
![Page 5: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Phased Array Radar?
Mechanically Steered, Rotating Reflector Array
Electrically Steered, Fixed Phased Array
Planar phase front
Planar phase front
Electrical added phase delay
![Page 6: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Wavefront(Plane of equal phase radiation)
Beam is steered by progressively shifting the phases of thesignals radiated by the individual radiators.
National Weather Radar Testbed
![Page 7: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
National Radar Testbed Milestones
• National Severe Storms Lab (NSSL) accepts Spy-1 PAR from Navy (Oct. 2003)
• NSSL assigned to keep PAR “in good working order” as per NOAA/FAA/Navy MOU (Oct. 2003)
• Test and evaluation period underway (Oct. 2003 – present)• NOAA funding for PAR ($1M) in place (Feb. 2004)• Substantial progress made with FAA funding (2004)• Spy-1 PAR begins to collect data; intercomparison studies performed
with NEXRAD (May 2004 on)• National Radar Testbed becomes a national center Dec 2006
![Page 8: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
OFCM PAR Joint Action Group• Significant FindingsSignificant Findings
– MPAR has potential to far exceed present radar capabilities and meet emerging requirements
– MPAR offers improvement in spatial resolution, volume coverage, refresh rate, system reliability
– MPAR offers prospect of a significant increase in tornado lead-times– PAR based on mature technology; low technical risk– Opportunity for system convergence: 526 NEXRAD and FAA radars
in CONUS; same coverage could potentially be obtained from <335 MPARs
– Lifecycle cost savings nearly $5B anticipated from radar convergence: $2B in acquisition and $3B in lifecycle sustainment
– Seven- to ten-year intensive R&D effort required; estimated cost $200M
![Page 9: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryJAG-6
Mew 3/28/2005
Current Weather Radar Networks
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryJAG-5
Mew 3/28/2005
Current En Route Surveillance RadarNetworks
MIT Lincoln LaboratoryJAG-4
Mew 3/28/2005
Current Terminal Surveillance RadarNetworks
Multi-function Phased Array RadarA STRONG CASE FOR CONSOLIDATION of National Radar Assets
One Radar TYPE Scalable Design O&S Savings
Multi-Mission Weather Aircraft Ņ3DÓ Surveillance Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Aircraft
Multi-Agency NWS, FAA, DHS, DOD, DOE, DOI, FEMA, and FHWA
Legacy 526 MPAR 311
Diff. 41% -215
Terminal Area Radars 2302 Types
Weather Radars 199 2 Types
Long Range Radars 97 3 Types
AFFORDABILITY R&D GOAL MPAR $/Unit = Legacy $/Unit
FAAARSR
TDWR
NWSNEXRAD
FAAASR
PotentialSavings
Legacy Radars
![Page 10: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Meteorological BenefitsPhased Array Radar (PAR)
• More accurate, higher resolution data in space and time; earlier detection of tornado precursors• Less than 60 second complete volume scan rates possible vs. 4-5
minutes for NEXRAD• Dwell capability (aka “staring”) – intensive sampling in areas of
interest throughout the volume• Adaptive scan strategies – ability to “tune” radar to weather at
hand• Direct measurement of cross-beam winds; 3-D vector winds as
storm-scale model input• Terrain following allows better characterization of critical boundary
layer, less clutter• Graceful degradation – lower failure rate
![Page 11: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
NEXRAD-PAR Reflectivity Comparison
NWRT Volume Scan in less than 1 min. KTLX Volume Scan took 4.2 mins.
2nd Trip
NWRTPhased Array Radar
KTLXWSR-88D
![Page 12: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Composite Reflectivity: SPY-1 v. WSR-88DHurricane Fran Remnants
SPY-1 NEXRAD
Note heavy rain areas
several second volume scan
5 minute volume scan
![Page 13: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
New Weather Warning Paradigm
• Present – use NEXRAD radar to identify precursor signatures of tornadic storms, then extrapolate into the future. (Warn on DETECTION)
• Future – use high-resolution PAR radar data to initialize cloud-resolving ensemble forecast models to identify precursors 30-45 minutes in advance. (Warn on FORECAST )
![Page 14: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Future Tornado Warning
Issues at time t=0 min.
![Page 15: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Multi-functional Adaptive Scanning
![Page 16: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Logistics Benefits of PAR• NO MOVING PARTS (4-faced array
antenna)• Scalability with Common Building
Blocks• Family of scalable radars
- Economies of scale - Common Logistics/Maintenance - Common Technology Refresh
• Improved Radar Performance - Increased Power - Increased Sensitivity - Operational Flexibility
• Improved System Reliability
• NO MOVING PARTS (4-faced array antenna)
• Scalability with Common Building Blocks
• Family of scalable radars - Economies of scale - Common Logistics/Maintenance - Common Technology Refresh
• Improved Radar Performance - Increased Power - Increased Sensitivity - Operational Flexibility
• Improved System Reliability
•Thousands of Transmit/ Receive Modules per antenna face
•Scalable antenna size
•Thousands of Transmit/ Receive Modules per antenna face
•Scalable antenna size
Solid-State Phased Array Radar Provides Significant Acquisition and Operational Benefits
![Page 17: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Transmit/Receive (T/R) Module Cost Trends
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1995 1997 1999 2005 2010
EstimatedProductionCost ($K)
Prices for Solid-State T/R Modules are Trending DownwardPrices for Solid-State T/R Modules are Trending Downward
$
![Page 18: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Research PhaseObjectives
• Demonstrate PAR technology can be applied to the tornado detection, forecast, and warning mission in a multi-use environment.
• Demonstrate affordability of prototype multi-function PAR• Establish metrics to assess progress of R&D strategy• Determine viable economic strategy that would permit a national PAR
network to support NOAA, FAA, DOD, Homeland Security, and other national missions.
![Page 19: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Summary and Vision
• Cost of PAR components will decline significantly over next 5 to 10 years
• Hypothesis: Multi-purpose PAR is feasible. System can simultaneously perform following functions:– Weather surveillance– Radar data assimilation into very high-resolution, very short- term,
storm-scale forecast models– Aircraft tracking, both cooperative and non-cooperative– 3-D measurements for dispersion winds– Chem/bio detection
• Polarization diversity, multi-frequency, active PAR T/R elements already exist; technical risk is low
• Must settle on best mechanism for government agencies to collaborate on a multi-purpose project of this magnitude
![Page 20: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Where Do We Go From Here?– Establish MPAR risk reduction R&D on sound programmatic basis– Further refine agency radar mission requirements to provide
operating threshold parameters for the MPAR prototype; thresholds must be specific and tied to missions
– Build a compelling, rigorously fact-based business case for replacing legacy radars with MPAR
– Align agency equities with investment commitment to MPAR risk reduction efforts and business case development
– Research must answer following questions: -- Is MPAR feasible? i.e. does the technology meet requirements? -- Is it affordable? i.e. even if technology works, is it more cost
effective in the long run to maintain legacy radars, or to replace them with an MPAR system?
![Page 21: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
QUESTIONS?
![Page 22: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
BACKUP SLIDES
![Page 23: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MPAR vs. Legacy Radar SystemsFor EQUAL Surveillance Coverage (MIT-LL)
Red – Legacy Coverage BetterGreen – MFS Coverage BetterGrey – Coverage Equivalent
Legacy Radars*
ARSR 9
ASR-9 24
ASR-11 9
TDWR 8
NEXRAD 14
Total 64
MPAR*
MPAR (Full) 14
MPAR (Small) 25
Total 39
North Eastern Corridor
25 Fewer
Radars
More Weather and Air Coverage to 1000 ft (AGL)
*7 Different Types
*Only 1 Type
![Page 24: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
02468
101214161820
FY03FY04
FY05FY06
FY07FY08
FY09FY10
FY11FY12
FY13
$ M
R&D hardware
Research Cost EstimateDual-pol Pre-prototype
PAR and modeling R&D
![Page 25: Multi-function Phased Array Radar Findings of the Joint Action Group Dr. Mark Weadon Executive Secretary MPAR Work Group.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649da05503460f94a8c3b0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
NOAA Research PhaseActions
• Acquire SPY-1A based Phased Array Radar (PAR) (October 2003), $25M, Complete
• Engineering testing and evaluation (2003-2004), $1M, Complete• Data Comparison, initial research (2004-2005), $2M, In progress• Improved Scanning Strategies, Faster Scans (Beam Multiplexing), Initial
Engineering to add Dual Polarization (2005-2006), $4M, In progress• Add dual-polarization sub-array to PAR, (2007-2009), $28M, TBD• Test and Evaluate dual-polarized phased array capabilities, (2010),
$6M, TBD• Research & Development towards operational applications to include
assimilation of PAR data into numerical models and Short Range Ensemble Forecasts (SREF), (2011-2012), $12M, TBD